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He Y, Sheng Z, Zhang J, He M, Zhou S. Spectrum Analysis of Gravity Waves Based on Sensors Mounted on a New Round-Trip Airborne Flat-Floating Sounding System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2123. [PMID: 32283769 PMCID: PMC7180844 DOI: 10.3390/s20072123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sensors mounted on a new type of round-trip airborne flat-floating sounding system (RTAFSS) were used to obtain the observation data of the three stages of "rising, flat-floating and falling". This new sounding method has a good application prospect. We performed spectrum analysis on the normalized temperature fluctuation, and the vertical wavenumber spectrum from the rising and falling stages and the horizontal wavenumber spectrum from the flat-floating stage were obtained. This is the first time the complete gravity wave spectrum characteristics were obtained from three consecutive stages: rising, flat-floating and falling. The results show that the gravity wave spectrum of the three stages can be well obtained by RTAFSS. For the horizontal wavenumber spectrum, the spectral slope is basically around -2, and the difference in the spectral structure of the horizontal wave number spectrum may be due to the intermittent turbulent activity and the variable intensity of the gravitational wave during its propagation. This study aims to make experimental exploration of the spectrum characteristics of gravity waves by this new type of observation data. It is expected to reveal the spectrum characteristics of horizontal wavenumber in the stratosphere region of China, providing a theoretical basis for spectrum analysis in a wider space-time range after further network observation of RTAFSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zheng Sheng
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shudao Zhou
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (M.H.); (S.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Coupled Stratospheric Chemistry–Meteorology Data Assimilation. Part I: Physical Background and Coupled Modeling Aspects. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A coupled stratospheric chemistry–meteorology model was developed by combining the Canadian operational weather prediction model Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) with a comprehensive stratospheric photochemistry model from the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE). The coupled model was called GEM-BACH for GEM-Belgian Atmospheric CHemistry. The coupling was made across a chemical interface that preserves time-splitting while being modular, allowing GEM to run with or without chemistry. An evaluation of the coupling was performed by comparing the coupled model, refreshed by meteorological analyses every 6 h, against the standard offline chemical transport model (CTM) approach. Results show that the dynamical meteorological consistency between meteorological analysis times far outweighs the error created by the jump resulting from the meteorological analysis increments at regular time intervals, irrespective of whether a 3D-Var or 4D-Var meteorological analysis is used. Arguments in favor of using the same horizontal resolution for chemistry, meteorology, and meteorological and chemical analysis increments are also presented. GEM-BACH forecasts refreshed by meteorological analyses every 6 h were compared against independent measurements of temperature, long-lived species, ozone and water vapor. The comparison showed a relatively good agreement throughout the stratosphere except for an upper-level warm temperature bias and an ozone deficit of nearly 15%. In particular, the coupled model simulation during an ozone hole event gives better ozone concentrations than a 4D-Var chemical assimilation at a lower resolution.
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Liu HL. Quantifying gravity wave forcing using scale invariance. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2605. [PMID: 31197170 PMCID: PMC6565739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing resolution, forcing on the mean circulation by resolved waves in general circulation models is not yet converging. Parameterization of the forcing remains a major source of model uncertainty. This study examines the scale invariance of zonal spectra of momentum flux and wave forcing, and shows that it can be used to quantify the forcing by unresolved waves with knowledge of the resolved ones in global models. The result reveals the leading order importance of the small-scale wave forcing, which is in general agreement with that required for obtaining the zonal mean wind climatology. It is also found that wave and mean flow interaction is important in maintaining the robust spectral structure. This method may provide a strategy to design physically consistent and scale-aware parameterization schemes for scale invariant quantities, when a model has sufficient resolution to partially resolve their spectra. Parametrizations of unresolved small-scale atmospheric waves are an important source of uncertainty in climate models. Scale invariance is used to estimate the forcing of these small-scale waves and it is shown to have a leading order effect on the mean flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Li Liu
- High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O.Box 3000, Boulder, CO, 80307-3000, USA.
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Schoeberl MR, Jensen E, Podglajen A, Coy L, Lodha C, Candido S, Carver R. Gravity Wave Spectra in the Lower Stratosphere Diagnosed from Project Loon Balloon Trajectories. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; Volume 122:8517-8524. [PMID: 32021739 PMCID: PMC6999652 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd026471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Project Loon has been launching super-pressure balloons since January 2013 to provide worldwide Internet coverage. These balloons typically fly between 18-21 km and provide measurements of winds and pressure fluctuations in the lower stratosphere. We divide 1,560 Loon flights into 3,405 two-day segments for gravity wave analysis. We derive the kinetic energy spectrum from the horizontal balloon motion and estimate the temperature perturbation spectrum (proportional to the potential energy spectrum) from the pressure variations. We fit the temperature (and kinetic energy) data to the functional form T , 2 = T O , 2 ( ω / ω O ) α where ω is the wave frequency, ω o is daily frequency, T' o is the base temperature amplitude and α is the slope. Both the kinetic energy and temperature spectra show -1.9±0.2 power-law dependence in the intrinsic frequency window 3 - 50 cycles/day. The temperature spectrum slope is weakly anti-correlated with the base temperature amplitude. We also find that the wave base temperature distribution is highly skewed. The average tropical modal temperature is 0.77 K. The highest amplitude waves occur over the mountainous regions, the tropics, and the high southern latitudes. Temperature amplitudes show little height variation over our 18-21 km domain. Our results are consistent with other limited super-pressure balloon analyses. The modal temperature is higher than the temperature currently used in Lagrangian model gravity wave parameterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Schoeberl
- Science and Technology Corporation, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - E Jensen
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - A Podglajen
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS-UMR8539, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, École Normale Supérieure, École Polytechnique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 2Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Coy
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- SSAI, Lanham, MD, USA
| | - C Lodha
- Project Loon, X, Mountain View, CA, USA
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Chunchuzov I, Kulichkov S, Popov O, Hedlin M. Modeling propagation of infrasound signals observed by a dense seismic network. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:38-48. [PMID: 24437743 DOI: 10.1121/1.4845355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The long-range propagation of infrasound from a surface explosion with an explosive yield of about 17.6 t TNT that occurred on June 16, 2008 at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) in the western United States is simulated using an atmospheric model that includes fine-scale layered structure of the wind velocity and temperature fields. Synthetic signal parameters (waveforms, amplitudes, and travel times) are calculated using parabolic equation and ray-tracing methods for a number of ranges between 100 and 800 km from the source. The simulation shows the evolution of several branches of stratospheric and thermospheric signals with increasing range from the source. Infrasound signals calculated using a G2S (ground-to-space) atmospheric model perturbed by small-scale layered wind velocity and temperature fluctuations are shown to agree well with recordings made by the dense High Lava Plains seismic network located at an azimuth of 300° from UTTR. The waveforms of calculated infrasound arrivals are compared with those of seismic recordings. This study illustrates the utility of dense seismic networks for mapping an infrasound field with high spatial resolution. The parabolic equation calculations capture both the effect of scattering of infrasound into geometric acoustic shadow zones and significant temporal broadening of the arrivals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chunchuzov
- Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow 119017, Russia
| | - S Kulichkov
- Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow 119017, Russia
| | - O Popov
- Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow 119017, Russia
| | - M Hedlin
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Acoustics, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0225
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Jensen EJ, Pfister L, Toon OB. Impact of radiative heating, wind shear, temperature variability, and microphysical processes on the structure and evolution of thin cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McDonald AJ, Tan B, Chu X. Role of gravity waves in the spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric temperature measured by COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 and Rayleigh lidar observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lovejoy S, Tuck AF, Schertzer D. Horizontal cascade structure of atmospheric fields determined from aircraft data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Preusse P, Eckermann SD, Ern M. Transparency of the atmosphere to short horizontal wavelength gravity waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ern M. Absolute values of gravity wave momentum flux derived from satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tuck AF, Hovde SJ, Richard EC, Fahey DW, Gao RS, Bui TP. A scaling analysis of ER-2 data in the inner Arctic vortex during January-March 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Tuck
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Hovde
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - D. W. Fahey
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. S. Gao
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. P. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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Hertzog A. In situ observations of gravity waves and comparisons with numerical simulations during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hansen AR, Nastrom GD, Eaton FD. Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity at 5-20 km observed with VHF radar at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cho JYN, Thouret V, Newell RE, Marenco A. Isentropic scaling analysis of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pfister L, Selkirk HB, Jensen EJ, Schoeberl MR, Toon OB, Browell EV, Grant WB, Gary B, Mahoney MJ, Bui TV, Hintsa E. Aircraft observations of thin cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cho JYN, Lindborg E. Horizontal velocity structure functions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: 1. Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alexander MJ, Beres JH, Pfister L. Tropical stratospheric gravity wave activity and relationships to clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shepherd TG, Koshyk JN, Ngan K. On the nature of large-scale mixing in the stratosphere and mesosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cho JYN, Newell RE, Barrick JD. Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions: 2. Gravity waves, quasi-two-dimensional turbulence, and vortical modes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Offermann D, Grossmann KU, Barthol P, Knieling P, Riese M, Trant R. Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment and middle atmosphere variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cho JYN, Zhu Y, Newell RE, Anderson BE, Barrick JD, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Carroll MA, Albercook GM. Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions: 1. Climatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gao X, Meriwether JW. Mesoscale spectral analysis of in situ horizontal and vertical wind measurements at 6 km. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sparling LC, Kettleborough JA, Haynes PH, McIntyre ME, Rosenfield JE, Schoeberl MR, Newman PA. Diabatic cross-isentropic dispersion in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Balluch MG, Haynes PH. Quantification of lower stratospheric mixing processes using aircraft data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ngan K, Shepherd TG. Comments on some recent measurements of anomalously steep N2O and O3tracer spectra in the stratospheric surf zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Zhu X, Shen Z, Eckermann SD, Bittner M, Hirota I, Yee JH. Gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere derived from the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pierce RB, Grooss JU, Grose WL, Russell JM, Crutzen PJ, Fairlie TD, Lingenfelser G. Photochemical calculations along air mass trajectories during ASHOE/MAESA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fairlie TD, Pierce RB, Grose WL, Lingenfelser G, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR. Lagrangian forecasting during ASHOE/MAESA: Analysis of predictive skill for analyzed and reverse-domain-filled potential vorticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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