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Homeyer CR, Bowman KP, Pan LL, Atlas EL, Gao RS, Campos TL. Dynamical and chemical characteristics of tropospheric intrusions observed during START08. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lamarque JF, Kinnison DE, Hess PG, Vitt FM. Simulated lower stratospheric trends between 1970 and 2005: Identifying the role of climate and composition changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Savage NH, Pyle JA. Pathways and timescales for troposphere-to-stratosphere transport via the tropical tropopause layer and their relevance for very short lived substances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dessler AE, Sherwood SC. Effect of convection on the summertime extratropical lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Dessler
- Earth Systems Science Interdisciplinary Center; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - S. C. Sherwood
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
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Toyoda S. Temporal and latitudinal distributions of stratospheric N2O isotopomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tan WW. A case study of excessive subtropical transport in the stratosphere of a data assimilation system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Proffitt MH, Aikin K, Tuck AF, Margitan JJ, Webster CR, Toon GC, Elkins JW. Seasonally averaged ozone and nitrous oxide in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Proffitt
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Aikin
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. F. Tuck
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. J. Margitan
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Elkins
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
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Moore FL. Balloonborne in situ gas chromatograph for measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Morgenstern O, Lee AM, Pyle JA. Cumulative mixing inferred from stratospheric tracer relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Morgenstern
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - Adrian M. Lee
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - John A. Pyle
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
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Weinstock EM, Hintsa EJ, Kirk-Davidoff DB, Anderson JG, Andrews AE, Herman RL, Webster CR, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Bui TP. Constraints on the seasonal cycle of stratospheric water vapor using in situ measurements from the ER-2 and a CO photochemical clock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Randel WJ, Wu F, Gettelman A, Russell JM, Zawodny JM, Oltmans SJ. Seasonal variation of water vapor in the lower stratosphere observed in Halogen Occultation Experiment data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Wofsy SC, Daube BC, Jones DB, Alex S, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Strahan SE. Empirical age spectra for the midlatitude lower stratosphere from in situ observations of CO2: Quantitative evidence for a subtropical “barrier” to horizontal transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jones DBA, Andrews AE, Schneider HR, McElroy MB. Constraints on meridional transport in the stratosphere imposed by the mean age of air in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Hall TM. Path histories and timescales in stratospheric transport: Analysis of an idealized model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michelsen HA, Irion FW, Manney GL, Toon GC, Gunson MR. Features and trends in Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) version 3 stratospheric water vapor and methane measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Haynes P, Shuckburgh E. Effective diffusivity as a diagnostic of atmospheric transport: 1. Stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schneider HR, Jones DBA, McElroy MB, Shi GY. Analysis of residual mean transport in the stratosphere: 1. Model description and comparison with satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Douglass AR, Prather MJ, Hall TM, Strahan SE, Rasch PJ, Sparling LC, Coy L, Rodriguez JM. Choosing meteorological input for the global modeling initiative assessment of high-speed aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Flocke F, Herman RL, Salawitch RJ, Atlas E, Webster CR, Schauffler SM, Lueb RA, May RD, Moyer EJ, Rosenlof KH, Scott DC, Blake DR, Bui TP. An examination of chemistry and transport processes in the tropical lower stratosphere using observations of long-lived and short-lived compounds obtained during STRAT and POLARIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hitchman MH, Buker ML, Tripoli GJ. Influence of synoptic waves on column ozone during Arctic summer 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Daube BC, Wofsy SC, Hintsa EJ, Weinstock EM, Bui TP. Empirical age spectra for the lower tropical stratosphere from in situ observations of CO2: Implications for stratospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Neu JL, Plumb RA. Age of air in a “leaky pipe” model of stratospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hall TM, Waugh DW, Boering KA, Plumb RA. Evaluation of transport in stratospheric models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scott DC, Herman RL, Webster CR, May RD, Flesch GJ, Moyer EJ. Airborne laser infrared absorption spectrometer (ALIAS-II) for in situ atmospheric measurements of N2O, CH4, CO, HCl, and NO2 from balloon or remotely piloted aircraft platforms. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:4609-4622. [PMID: 18323948 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer II (ALIAS-II) is a lightweight, high-resolution (0.0003-cm(-1)), scanning, mid-infrared absorption spectrometer based on cooled (80 K) lead-salt tunable diode laser sources. It is designed to make in situ measurements in the lower and middle stratosphere on either a balloon platform or high-altitude remotely piloted aircraft. Chemical species that can be measured precisely include long-lived tracers N(2)O and CH(4), the shorter-lived tracer CO, and chemically active species HCl and NO(2). Advances in electronic instrumentation developed for ALIAS-I, with the experience of more than 250 flights on board NASA's ER-2 aircraft, have been implemented in ALIAS-II. The two-channel spectrometer features an open cradle, multipass absorption cell to ensure minimal contamination from inlet and surfaces. Time resolution of the instrument is <or=3 s, allowing rapid in situ measurements with excellent spatial resolution. ALIAS-II has completed successful balloon flights from New Mexico, Alaska, and Brazil providing CH(4) and N(2)O vertical profiles in the tropics, mid-latitudes, and high northern latitudes up to altitudes of 32 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Scott
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
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Harvey VL, Hitchman MH, Pierce RB, Fairlie TD. Tropical aerosol in the Aleutian High. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Rogers HL, Norton WA, Lambert A, Grainger RG. Isentropic, diabatic, and sedimentary transport of Mount Pinatubo aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strahan SE, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR. Climatology and small-scale structure of lower stratospheric N2O based on in situ observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Shia RL, Ko MKW, Weisenstein DK, Scott C, Rodriguez J. Transport between the tropical and midlatitude lower stratosphere: Implications for ozone response to high-speed civil transport emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strahan SE, Douglass AR, Nielsen JE, Boering KA. The CO2seasonal cycle as a tracer of transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bacmeister JT, Siskind DE, Summers ME, Eckermann SD. Age of air in a zonally averaged two-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schoeberl MR, Jackman CH, Rosenfield JE. A Lagrangian estimate of aircraft effluent lifetime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mote PW, Dunkerton TJ, McIntyre ME, Ray EA, Haynes PH, Russell JM. Vertical velocity, vertical diffusion, and dilution by midlatitude air in the tropical lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koch D, Rind D. Beryllium 10/beryllium 7 as a tracer of stratospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Volk CM, Elkins JW, Fahey DW, Dutton GS, Gilligan JM, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Chan KR, Gunson MR. Evaluation of source gas lifetimes from stratospheric observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bowman KP, Hu Y. Tropical mixing barriers in the lower stratosphere in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory SKYHI model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gettelman A, Holton JR, Rosenlof KH. Mass fluxes of O3, CH4, N2O and CF2Cl2in the lower stratosphere calculated from observational data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cordero EC, Kawa SR, Schoeberl MR. An analysis of tropical transport: Influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Hall TM, Waugh DW. Timescales for the stratospheric circulation derived from tracers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thuburn J, McIntyre ME. Numerical advection schemes, cross-isentropic random walks, and correlations between chemical species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Weaver CJ, Douglass AR, Considine DB. A 5-year simulation of supersonic aircraft emission transport using a three-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Volk CM, Elkins JW, Fahey DW, Salawitch RJ, Dutton GS, Gilligan JM, Proffitt MH, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Minschwaner K, Margitan JJ, Chan KR. Quantifying Transport Between the Tropical and Mid-Latitude Lower Stratosphere. Science 1996; 272:1763-8. [PMID: 8662478 DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5269.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Airborne in situ observations of molecules with a wide range of lifetimes (methane, nitrous oxide, reactive nitrogen, ozone, chlorinated halocarbons, and halon-1211), used in a tropical tracer model, show that mid-latitude air is entrained into the tropical lower stratosphere within about 13.5 months; transport is faster in the reverse direction. Because exchange with the tropics is slower than global photochemical models generally assume, ozone at mid-latitudes appears to be more sensitive to elevated levels of industrial chlorine than is currently predicted. Nevertheless, about 45 percent of air in the tropical ascent region at 21 kilometers is of mid-latitude origin, implying that emissions from supersonic aircraft could reach the middle stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- CM Volk
- C. M. Volk, G. S. Dutton, and J. M. Gilligan are with the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO 80303, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. J. W. Elkins is with NOAA/CMDL, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. D. W. Fahey is with the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. R. J. Salawitch and J. J. Margitan are with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. M. H. Proffitt is with the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, and K. R. Chan are with the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. K. Minschwaner is with the Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
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