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Wang Y, Zhan S, Hu Y, Chen X, Yin S. Understanding the Formation and Growth of New Atmospheric Particles at the Molecular Level through Laboratory Molecular Beam Experiments. Chempluschem 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38497136 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), which exerts comprehensive implications for climate, air quality and human health, has received extensive attention. From molecule to cluster is the initial and most important stage of the nucleation process of atmospheric new particles. However, due to the complexity of the nucleation process and limitations of experimental characterization techniques, there is still a great uncertainty in understanding the nucleation mechanism at the molecular level. Laboratory-based molecular beam methods can experimentally implement the generation and growth of typical atmospheric gas-phase nucleation precursors to nanoscale clusters, characterize the key physical and chemical properties of clusters such as structure and composition, and obtain a series of their physicochemical parameters, including association rate coefficients, electron binding energy, pickup cross section and pickup probability and so on. These parameters can quantitatively illustrate the physicochemical properties of the cluster, and evaluate the effect of different gas phase nucleation precursors on the formation and growth of atmospheric new particles. We review the present literatures on atmospheric cluster formation and reaction employing the experimental method of laboratory molecular beam. The experimental apparatuses were classified and summarized from three aspects of cluster generation, growth and detection processes. Focus of this review is on the properties of nucleation clusters involving different precursor molecules of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and NxOy, respectively. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for effects of cluster physicochemical properties on nucleation, and reveal the formation and growth mechanism of atmospheric new particle at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
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Neisser RW, Davis JP, Alfieri ME, Harkins H, Petit AS, Tabor DP, Kidwell NM. Photophysical Outcomes of Water-Solvated Heterocycles: Single-Conformation Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectroscopy of Microsolvated 2-Phenylpyrrole. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10540-10554. [PMID: 38085923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The molecular chromophores within brown carbon (BrC) aerosols absorb solar radiation at visible and near-ultraviolet wavelengths. This contributes to the overall warming of the troposphere and the photochemical aging of aerosols. In this investigation, we combine a suite of experimental and theoretical methods to reveal the conformation-specific ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy of 2-phenylpyrrole (2PhPy)─an extended π-conjugated pyrrole derivative and a model BrC chromophore─along with its water microsolvated molecular complexes (2PhPy:nH2O, n = 1-3). Using resonant two-photon ionization and double-resonance holeburning techniques alongside MP3 (ground state) and ADC(3) (excited state) torsional potential energy surfaces and discrete variable representation simulations, we characterized the ultraviolet spectra of 2PhPy and 2PhPy:1H2O. This analysis revealed evidence for Herzberg-Teller vibronic coupling along the CH wagging and NH stretching coordinates of the aromatic rings. Conformation-specific infrared spectroscopy revealed extended hydrogen-bonding networks of the 2PhPy:nH2O complexes. Upon stepwise addition of H2O solvation, the nearest H2O acceptor forms a strong, noncovalent interaction with the pyrrole NH donor, while the second and third H2O partners interface with the phenyl and pyrrole aromatic rings through growing van der Waals π/H atom stabilization. A local-mode Hamiltonian approach was employed for comparison with the experimental spectra, thus identifying the vibrational spectral signatures to specific 2PhPy:nH2O oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby W Neisser
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - John P Davis
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Megan E Alfieri
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Hayden Harkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University─Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Andrew S Petit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University─Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Daniel P Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nathanael M Kidwell
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
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Liu Y, He G, Chu B, Ma Q, He H. Atmospheric heterogeneous reactions on soot: A review. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:579-591. [PMID: 38933550 PMCID: PMC11197571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soot particles, composed of elemental carbon and organic compounds, have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their significant impacts on climate, the environment and human health. Soot has been found to be chemically and physically active in atmospheric aging processes, which leads to alterations in its composition, morphology, hygroscopicity and optical properties and thus changes its environmental and health effects. The heterogeneous reactions on soot also have a significant impact on the transformation of gaseous pollutants into secondary aerosols. Therefore, the interactions between soot and atmospheric substances have been widely investigated to better understand the environmental behaviors of soot. In this review, we systematically summarize the progress and developments in the heterogeneous chemistry on soot over the past 30 years. Atmospheric trace constituents such as NO2, O3, SO2, N2O5, HNO3, H2SO4, OH radical, HO2 radical, peroxyacetyl nitrate etc., are presented in detail from the aspect of their heterogeneous reactions on soot. The possible mechanisms and the effects of environmental conditions on these heterogeneous reactions are also addressed. Further, the impacts of the heterogeneous reactions of soot on the atmospheric environment are discussed, and some aspects of soot-related research which require further investigation are proposed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Peterson BN, Alfieri ME, Hood DJ, Hettwer CD, Costantino DV, Tabor DP, Kidwell NM. Solvent-Mediated Charge Transfer Dynamics of a Model Brown Carbon Aerosol Chromophore: Photophysics of 1-Phenylpyrrole Induced by Water Solvation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4313-4325. [PMID: 35776530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are known to be important light-absorbing chromophores in a newly discovered class of aerosols, commonly referred to as "brown carbon" (BrC) aerosols. Due to their significant absorption and spectral overlap with the solar actinic flux, these BrC chromophores steer the physical and optical properties of aerosols. To model the local aqueous solvation environment surrounding BrC chromophores, we generated cold molecular complexes with water and a prototypical BrC chromophore, 1-phenylpyrrole (1PhPy), using supersonic jet-cooling and explored their intermolecular interactions using single-conformation spectroscopy. Herein, we utilized resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) and UV holeburning (UV HB) double-resonance spectroscopies to obtain a molecular-level understanding of the role of water microsolvation in charge transfer upon photoexcitation of 1PhPy. Quantum chemical calculations and one-dimensional discrete variable representation simulations revealed insights into the charge transfer efficacy of 1PhPy with and without addition of a single water molecule. Taken together, our results indicate that the intermolecular interactions with water guide the geometry of 1PhPy to adopt a more twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) configuration, thus facilitating charge transfer from the pyrrole donor to the phenyl ring acceptor. Furthermore, the water network surrounding 1PhPy reports on the charge transfer such that the H2O solvent primarily interacts with the pyrrole ring donor in the ground state, whereas it preferentially interacts with the phenyl ring acceptor in the excited state. Large Franck-Condon activity is evident in the 1PhPy + 1H2O excitation spectrum for the water-migration vibronic bands, supporting H2O solvent reorganization upon excitation of the 1PhPy chromophore. Fluorescence measurements with increasing H2O % volume corroborated our gas-phase studies by indicating that a polar water solvation environment stabilizes the TICT configuration of 1PhPy in the excited electronic state, from which emission is observed at a lower energy compared to the locally excited configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Megan E Alfieri
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - David J Hood
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Christian D Hettwer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Daniel V Costantino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Daniel P Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nathanael M Kidwell
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
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Prabhu V, Singh P, Kulkarni P, Sreekanth V. Characteristics and health risk assessment of fine particulate matter and surface ozone: results from Bengaluru, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:211. [PMID: 35195799 PMCID: PMC8863905 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban air pollution is a complex problem, which requires a multi-pronged approach to understand its dynamics. In the current study, various aspects of air pollution over Bengaluru city were studied utilizing simultaneous reference-grade measurements (during the period July 2019 to June 2020) of fine particulate matter mass concentration (PM2.5), aerosol black carbon mass concentrations (BC), and surface ozone (O3) concentrations. The study period mean PM2.5, BC, and O3 were observed to be 26.8 ± 11.5 µg m-3, 5.6 ± 2.8 µg m-3, and 25.5 ± 12.4 ppb, respectively. Statistical methods such as principal component analysis, moving average subtraction method, conditional bivariate probability function, and concentration weighted trajectory analysis were performed to understand the dynamics of air pollution over Bengaluru and its long-range transportation pathways. Some of the major findings from the statistical analyses include (i) contrasting association in BC versus O3 and PM2.5 versus O3; (ii) around one-fourth of the observed receptor site BC was contributed by local sources/emissions; and (iii) the source locations potentially contributing to BC and PM2.5 were spatially different. In Bengaluru, long-term exposure to PM2.5 resulted in around 3413, 3393, 1016, and 147 attributable deaths for the health endpoints chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, respectively. Long-term exposure to O3 resulted in around 155 attributable deaths for respiratory diseases, as estimated by the AirQ + model. Finally, the limitations of the study in terms of data availability and analysis have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Prabhu
- Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru, 560094 India
| | - Pratima Singh
- Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru, 560094 India
| | - Padmavati Kulkarni
- Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru, 560094 India
| | - V. Sreekanth
- Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru, 560094 India
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Evaluation and Bias Correction of the Secondary Inorganic Aerosol Modeling over North China Plain in Autumn and Winter. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) is the key driving factor of fine-particle explosive growth (FPEG) events, which are frequently observed in North China Plain. However, the SIA simulations remain highly uncertain over East Asia. To further investigate this issue, SIA modeling over North China Plain with the 15 km resolution Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS) was performed from October 2017 to March 2018. Surface observations of SIA at 28 sites were obtained to evaluate the model, which confirmed the biases in the SIA modeling. To identify the source of these biases and reduce them, uncertainty analysis was performed by evaluating the heterogeneous chemical reactions in the model and conducting sensitivity tests on the different reactions. The results suggest that the omission of the SO2 heterogeneous chemical reaction involving anthropogenic aerosols in the model is probably the key reason for the systematic underestimation of sulfate during the winter season. The uptake coefficient of the “renoxification” reaction is a key source of uncertainty in nitrate simulations, and it is likely to be overestimated by the NAQPMS. Consideration of the SO2 heterogeneous reaction involving anthropogenic aerosols and optimization of the uptake coefficient of the “renoxification” reaction in the model suitably reproduced the temporal and spatial variations in sulfate, nitrate and ammonium over North China Plain. The biases in the simulations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were reduced by 84.2%, 54.8%, 81.8%, and 80.9%, respectively. The results of this study provide a reference for the reduction in the model bias of SIA and PM2.5 and improvement of the simulation of heterogeneous chemical processes.
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Lengyel J, Ončák M, Beyer MK. Chemistry of NO x and HNO 3 Molecules with Gas-Phase Hydrated O .- and OH - Ions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7861-7868. [PMID: 32250483 PMCID: PMC7384111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The gas‐phase reactions of O.−(H2O)n and OH−(H2O)n, n=20–38, with nitrogen‐containing atmospherically relevant molecules, namely NOx and HNO3, are studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry and theoretically with the use of DFT calculations. Hydrated O.− anions oxidize NO. and NO2. to NO2− and NO3− through a strongly exothermic reaction with enthalpy of −263±47 kJ mol−1 and −286±42 kJ mol−1, indicating a covalent bond formation. Comparison of the rate coefficients with collision models shows that the reactions are kinetically slow with 3.3 and 6.5 % collision efficiency. Reactions between hydrated OH− anions and nitric oxides were not observed in the present experiment and are most likely thermodynamically hindered. In contrast, both hydrated anions are reactive toward HNO3 through proton transfer from nitric acid, yielding hydrated NO3−. Although HNO3 is efficiently picked‐up by the water clusters, forming (HNO3)0–2(H2O)mNO3− clusters, the overall kinetics of nitrate formation are slow and correspond to an efficiency below 10 %. Combination of the measured reaction thermochemistry with literature values in thermochemical cycles yields ΔHf(O−(aq.))=48±42 kJ mol−1 and ΔHf(NO2−(aq.))=−125±63 kJ mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zelenov VV, Aparina EV, Kashtanov SA, Shardakova EV. Kinetics of NO2 uptake on methane flame soot. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s199079311601022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zelenov VV, Aparina EV, Kashtanov SA, Shardakova EV. Initial uptake of NO2 on methane flame soot. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793115020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ram K, Sarin MM, Tripathi SN. Temporal trends in atmospheric PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, and optical properties: impact of biomass burning emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:686-695. [PMID: 22192056 DOI: 10.1021/es202857w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The first simultaneous measurements and analytical data on atmospheric concentrations of PM(2.5), PM(10), inorganic constituents, carbonaceous species, and their optical properties (aerosol optical depth, AOD; absorption coefficient, b(abs); mass absorption efficiency, σ(abs); and single scattering albedo, SSA) from an urban site (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain are reported here. Significantly high aerosol mass concentration (>100 μg m(-3)) and AOD (> 0.3) are seen as a characteristic feature throughout the sampling period, from October 2008 to April 2009. The temporal variability in the mass fractions of carbonaceous species (EC, OC, and WSOC) is pronounced during October-January when emissions from biomass burning are dominant and OC is a major constituent (∼30%) of PM(2.5) mass. The WSOC/OC ratio varies from 0.21 to 0.65, suggesting significant contribution from secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The mass fraction of SO(4)(2-) in PM(2.5) (Av: 12.5%) exceeds that of NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+). Aerosol absorption coefficient (@ 678 nm) decreases from 90 Mm(-1) (in December) to 20 Mm(-1) (in April), and a linear regression analysis of the data for b(abs) and EC (n = 54) provides a measure of the mass absorption efficiency of EC (9.6 m(2) g(-1)). In contrast, scattering coefficient (@ 678 nm) increases from 98 Mm(-1) (in January) to 1056 Mm(-1) (in April) and an average mass scattering efficiency of 3.0 ± 0.9 m(2) g(-1) is obtained for PM(10) samples. The highest b(scat) was associated with the dust storm event (April 17, 2009) over northern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southern Turkey; thus, resulting in high SSA (0.93 ± 0.02) during March-April compared to 0.82 ± 0.04 in October-February. These results have implications to large temporal variability in the atmospheric radiative forcing due to aerosols over northern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirpa Ram
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
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Abstract
Soot particles produced by incomplete combustion processes are one of the major components of urban air pollution. Chemistry at their surfaces lead to the heterogeneous conversion of several key trace gases; for example NO(2) interacts with soot and is converted into HONO, which rapidly photodissociates to form OH in the troposphere. In the dark, soot surfaces are rapidly deactivated under atmospheric conditions, leading to the current understanding that soot chemistry affects tropospheric chemical composition only in a minor way. We demonstrate here that the conversion of NO(2) to HONO on soot particles is drastically enhanced in the presence of artificial solar radiation, and leads to persistent reactivity over long periods. Soot photochemistry may therefore be a key player in urban air pollution.
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Fu FF, Watanabe K, Shinohara N, Xu X, Xu L, Akagi T. Morphological and light-absorption characteristics of individual BC particles collected in an urban seaside area at Tokaimura, eastern central Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 393:273-282. [PMID: 18262223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To observe surface morphology and light-absorption property of different black carbon (BC) particles, different-sized aerosols were collected in Tokaimura (36.27 degrees N, 140.36 degrees E), an urban seaside area of eastern central Japan, using a high-volume Andersen type sampler during a whole year (Jan. to Dec. in 2004). The morphology of individual BC particle separated from different-sized aerosols was observed with Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and four types of morphology were observed: 50 nm spherical particles, micrometer-sized plates with homogeneous surfaces, micrometer-sized spherical particles with homogeneous surfaces and micrometer-sized spherical particles with small holes on surfaces. The light-absorption property of BC particles with different morphology has been determined by infrared spectrometry (IRS) with a photoacoustic technique in a region of 400-4000 wavenumbers (cm(-1)). All morphology BC particles showed a strong light-absorption during 500-3000 wavenumbers (cm(-1)) with two strong broad peaks in 750-1100 and 1200-2200 wavenumbers (cm(-1)), implying that all morphology BC particles can absorb a significant part of thermal infrared emitted from the earth (wavelength 4000-50,000 nm). The seasonal variation and the size-distribution of aerosols and its chemical components (e.g. C, Na, Cl, NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), Al, Ca, Mg and Fe) were also measured in this study. More than 55% of non-inorganic carbon (OC+BC) in the atmosphere was detected in the aerosols with a size smaller than 1.1 microm and the concentration of non-inorganic carbon in the atmosphere showed only a faint variation during a whole year, although the concentrations of total aerosols and its chemical components exhibited a distinct variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fu Fu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detecting Technology for Food Safety, of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Dickerson RR, Li C, Li Z, Marufu LT, Stehr JW, McClure B, Krotkov N, Chen H, Wang P, Xia X, Ban X, Gong F, Yuan J, Yang J. Aircraft observations of dust and pollutants over northeast China: Insight into the meteorological mechanisms of transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Wespes C, Hurtmans D, Herbin H, Barret B, Turquety S, Hadji‐Lazaro J, Clerbaux C, Coheur P. First global distributions of nitric acid in the troposphere and the stratosphere derived from infrared satellite measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Wespes
- Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Daniel Hurtmans
- Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Hervé Herbin
- Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Brice Barret
- Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- Now at Laboratoire d’Aérologie, UMR 5560 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Observatoire de Midi‐Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Solène Turquety
- Service d’Aéronomie, Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
| | - Juliette Hadji‐Lazaro
- Service d’Aéronomie, Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
| | - Cathy Clerbaux
- Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- Service d’Aéronomie, Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
| | - Pierre‐François Coheur
- Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- Research Associate with the F.N.R.S. Belgium
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Aubin DG, Abbatt JPD. Interaction of NO2 with hydrocarbon soot: focus on HONO yield, surface modification, and mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6263-73. [PMID: 17595063 DOI: 10.1021/jp068884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using a coated-wall flow tube connected to a mass spectrometer, the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 to HONO on dry hydrocarbon soot surfaces has been studied at room temperature and 243 K. Particular attention was given to the measurement of the HONO yield as a function of hydrocarbon fuel, NO2 partial pressure, extent of uptake, and surface oxidation state. In all cases, the yield is invariant of these parameters and close to unity, indicative of an irreversible oxidation mechanism by which the NO2 abstracts an H atom from the surface. XPS analysis shows that the surface N content does not measurably increase with NO2 exposure. There is minimal surface reactivity regeneration with time or via exposure to high relative humidity. A BET surface area measurement of the entire soot film exposed to NO2 was used to determine the amount of HONO that can be generated from the soot surface per unit surface area, prior to its deactivation. The reduction of NO2 to HONO on soot is unlikely to account for the observed nighttime buildup of HONO in polluted urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Aubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Rodríguez-Fortea A, Iannuzzi M, Parrinello M. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Heterogeneous Oxidation of Graphite by Means of Gas-Phase Nitric Acid. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:3477-84. [PMID: 16494401 DOI: 10.1021/jp052526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between gas-phase nitric acid and the graphite surface is taken as a simple model of interactions occurring at the surface of atmospheric soot particles. In particular, we study the heterogeneous processes that lead to the dissociation of the nitric acid and the production of nitrous acid. The atomistic details of the reaction mechanisms are reproduced by use of the new metadynamics method. The binding interactions of the HNO3 molecule and its fragments with the graphite surface are calculated, and the role of the surface in catalyzing the reaction is taken into account. From the reactive trajectory generated by the metadynamics, it is seen that the path goes through several different intermediate states. We analyze in detail the electronic structures and spin density distributions of the relevant products and report on the mechanisms and the main features of the transition regions relative to all the activated processes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Computational Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, USI Campus, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland.
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18
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Bedjanian Y, Lelièvre S, Le Bras G. Experimental study of the interaction of HO2radicals with soot surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:334-41. [DOI: 10.1039/b414217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Lelièvre S, Bedjanian Y, Laverdet G, Le Bras G. Heterogeneous Reaction of NO2 with Hydrocarbon Flame Soot. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0469970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lelièvre
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, CNRS and Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Yuri Bedjanian
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, CNRS and Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Gérard Laverdet
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, CNRS and Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Georges Le Bras
- Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, CNRS and Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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20
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Lei W. Chemical characterization of ozone formation in the Houston-Galveston area: A chemical transport model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Lelièvre S, Bedjanian Y, Pouvesle N, Delfau JL, Vovelle C, Le Bras G. Heterogeneous reaction of ozone with hydrocarbon flame soot. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b316895f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Roeselová M, Jungwirth P, Tobias DJ, Gerber RB. Impact, Trapping, and Accommodation of Hydroxyl Radical and Ozone at Aqueous Salt Aerosol Surfaces. A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030592i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Roeselová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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23
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Hara K. Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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25
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Takegawa N. Removal of NOxand NOyin biomass burning plumes in the boundary layer over northern Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Berthet G, Renard JB, Brogniez C, Robert C, Chartier M, Pirre M. Optical and physical properties of stratospheric aerosols from balloon measurements in the visible and near-infrared domains. 1. Analysis of aerosol extinction spectra from the AMON and SALOMON balloonborne spectrometers. APPLIED OPTICS 2002; 41:7522-7539. [PMID: 12510916 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.007522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol extinction coefficients have been derived in the 375-700-nm spectral domain from measurement in the stratosphere since 1992, at night, at mid- and high latitudes from 15 to 40 km, by two balloonborne spectrometers, Absorption par les Minoritaires Ozone et NO(chi) (AMON) and Spectroscopie d'Absorption Lunaire pour l'Observation des Minoritaires Ozone et NO(chi) (SALOMON). Log-normal size distributions associated with the Mie-computed extinction spectra that best fit the measurements permit calculation of integrated properties of the distributions. Although measured extinction spectra that correspond to background aerosols can be reproduced by the Mie scattering model by use of monomodal log-normal size distributions, each flight reveals some large discrepancies between measurement and theory at several altitudes. The agreement between measured and Mie-calculated extinction spectra is significantly improved by use of bimodal log-normal distributions. Nevertheless, neither monomodal nor bimodal distributions permit correct reproduction of some of the measured extinction shapes, especially for the 26 February 1997 AMON flight, which exhibited spectral behavior attributed to particles from a polar stratospheric cloud event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Berthet
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, F-45071 Orleans 2, France
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27
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Rivière ED, Pirre M, Berthet G, Renard JB, Taupin FG, Huret N, Chartier M, Knudsen B, Lefèvre F. On the interaction between nitrogen and halogen species in the Arctic polar vortex during THESEO and THESEO 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Rivière
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - M. Pirre
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - G. Berthet
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - J.-B. Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - F. G. Taupin
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - N. Huret
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - M. Chartier
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - B. Knudsen
- Danish Meteorological Institute; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Lefèvre
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
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28
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Wetzel G. NOypartitioning and budget and its correlation with N2O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Furutani H. Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas-phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Staudt AC. Global chemical model analysis of biomass burning and lightning influences over the South Pacific in austral spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Salgado Muñoz MS, Rossi MJ. Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3with flame soot generated under different combustion conditions. Reaction mechanism and kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203912p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Renard JB, Hadamcik E, Brogniez C, Berthet G, Worms JC, Chartier M, Pirre M, Ovarlez J, Ovarlez H. Ultraviolet-visible bulk optical properties of randomly distributed soot. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:6575-6580. [PMID: 18364964 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.006575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of soot in the lower stratosphere was recently established by in situ measurements. To isolate their contribution to optical measurements from that of background aerosol, the soot's bulk optical properties must be determined. Laboratory measurements of extinction and polarization of randomly distributed soot were conducted. For all soot, measurements show a slight reddening extinction between 400 and 700 nm and exhibit a maximum of 100% polarization at a scattering angle of 75 +/- 5 degrees. Such results cannot be reproduced by use of Mie theory assumptions. The different optical properties of soot and background stratospheric aerosol could allow isolation of soot in future analyses of stratospheric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, F-45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France
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33
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Saliba NA, Yang H, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Reaction of Gaseous Nitric Oxide with Nitric Acid on Silica Surfaces in the Presence of Water at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - H. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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35
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Velders GJM, Granier C, Portmann RW, Pfeilsticker K, Wenig M, Wagner T, Platt U, Richter A, Burrows JP. Global tropospheric NO2column distributions: Comparing three-dimensional model calculations with GOME measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Velders GJM, Granier C. Sensitivity of washout on HNO3/NOxratio in atmospheric chemistry transport models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Prenni AJ, Wise ME, Brooks SD, Tolbert MA. Ice nucleation in sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Longfellow CA, Ravishankara AR, Hanson DR. Reactive and nonreactive uptake on hydrocarbon soot: HNO3, O3, and N2O5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Kirchner U, Scheer V, Vogt R. FTIR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Heterogeneous Reactions of NO2 and HNO3 with Soot. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0005322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Kirchner
- Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH, Süsterfeldstrasse 200, D-52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - V. Scheer
- Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH, Süsterfeldstrasse 200, D-52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - R. Vogt
- Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH, Süsterfeldstrasse 200, D-52072 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Crawford J, Davis D, Olson J, Chen G, Liu S, Fuelberg H, Hannan J, Kondo Y, Anderson B, Gregory G, Sachse G, Talbot R, Viggiano A, Heikes B, Snow J, Singh H, Blake D. Evolution and chemical consequences of lightning-produced NOxobserved in the North Atlantic upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Ferlemann F, Bauer N, Fitzenberger R, Harder H, Osterkamp H, Perner D, Platt U, Schneider M, Vradelis P, Pfeilsticker K. Differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument for stratospheric balloonborne trace-gas studies. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:2377-2386. [PMID: 18345147 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.002377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed UV-visible instrument for differential optical absorption spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric trace gases from balloon platforms is described. Direct solar light at daytime in the near-ultraviolet (320.6-422.6-nm) and the visible (417.6-670.7-nm) spectral ranges can be simultaneously analyzed for the atmospheric column abundances or profiles of O(3), NO(2), NO(3), BrO, OClO, O(4), H(2)O, and possibly other species (HNO(2), IO, CH(2)O). Compared with previously used balloonborne UV-visible spectrometers, the instrument has the superior properties of low mass (42 kg), low power consumption (30 W), decreased spectral drift that is caused by temperature and pressure changes, low detector dark current, and low spectrometer stray light. The three last-named characteristics are achieved by enclosure of the entire spectrometer in a pressurized and thermostated container and by inclusion of separately thermostated photodiode array detectors. The optical setup is simplified to reduce its weight. The spectral stray light is reduced by suppression of the higher-order and zero-order grating reflections by use of light traps and in the UV by addition of a dispersive prism preanalyzer. The major instrumental design characteristics and the instrumental performance as tested in the laboratory and during several stratospheric balloon flights are reported.
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42
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Wang Y, Liu SC, Yu H, Sandholm ST, Chen TY, Blake DR. Influence of convection and biomass burning outflow on tropospheric chemistry over the tropical Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Disselkamp RS, Carpenter MA, Cowin JP, Berkowitz CM, Chapman EG, Zaveri RA, Laulainen NS. Ozone loss in soot aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Schultz MG, Jacob DJ, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Dibb JE, Talbot RW, Singh HB. Chemical NOxbudget in the upper troposphere over the tropical South Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Bekki S, David C, Law K, Smith DM, Coelho D, Thovert JF, Adler PM. Uptake on fractal particles: 2. Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Coelho D, Bekki S, Thovert JF, Adler PM. Uptake on fractal particles: 1. Theoretical framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Renard JB, Chartier M, Robert C, Chalumeau G, Berthet G, Pirre M, Pommereau JP, Goutail F. SALOMON: a new, light balloonborne UV-visible spectrometer for nighttime observations of stratospheric trace-gas species. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:386-392. [PMID: 18337905 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new, light balloonborne UV-visible spectrometer, called SALOMON, is designed to perform nighttime measurements of stratospheric trace-gas species by using the Moon as a light source. The first flight, performed on 31 October 1998 at mid-latitude with a float altitude of 26.7 km, allowed the performance of the pointing system to be checked and vertical profiles of ozone, NO(2), NO(3), and possibly OBrO to be obtained. First the instrument and then the performance of the pointing system and the detector are described. Finally the vertical profiles are compared with other profiles obtained at the same location five years before with the heavier balloonborne spectrometer AMON, which uses a star as the light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.
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Giannakopoulos C, Chipperfield MP, Law KS, Plantevin PH, Pyle JA, Shallcross DE. A three-dimensional modeling study of the correlations of210Pb with HNO3and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) at remote oceanic sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Hauglustaine DA, Madronich S, Ridley BA, Flocke SJ, Cantrell CA, Eisele FL, Shetter RE, Tanner DJ, Ginoux P, Atlas EL. Photochemistry and budget of ozone during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Strawa AW, Drdla K, Ferry GV, Verma S, Pueschel RF, Yasuda M, Salawitch RJ, Gao RS, Howard SD, Bui PT, Loewenstein M, Elkins JW, Perkins KK, Cohen R. Carbonaceous aerosol (soot) measured in the lower stratosphere during POLARIS and its role in stratospheric photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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