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Qu Y, An J, He Y, Zheng J. An overview of emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in East Asia. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 44:13-25. [PMID: 27266298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur (sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate) and oxidized nitrogen (nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrate) in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO2 and NOx in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NOx emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and spring. However, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales (e.g., a year). The source-receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because: (1) the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source-receptor relationships; (2) different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and (3) different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source-receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Youjiang He
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China
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Zhang G, Mu Y, Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and carbon tetrachloride in Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:65-74. [PMID: 24649692 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 in Beijing. PAN exhibited low values from mid-autumn to early spring (October to March) with monthly average concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ppbV, and increased from early spring to summer (March to August), ranging from 1.37-3.79 ppbV. The monthly variation of PPN was similar to PAN, with low values (below detection limit to 0.18 ppbV) from mid-autumn to early spring, and a monthly maximum in September (1.14 ppbV). The monthly variation of CCl4 was tightly related to the variation of temperature, exhibiting a minimum in winter (69.3 pptV) and a maximum of 180.6 pptV in summer. Due to weak solar intensity and short duration, PAN and O3 showed no distinct diurnal patterns from morning to night during winter, whereas for other seasons, they both exhibited maximal values in the late afternoon (ca. 15:00 to 16:00 local time) and minimal values during early morning and midnight. Good linear correlations between PAN and PPN were found in autumn (R = 0.91), spring (R = 0.94), and summer (R = 0.81), with slopes of 0.130, 0.222, and 0.133, respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic hydrocarbons dominated the photochemical formation of PANs in Beijing. Positive correlation between PAN and O3 in summer with the low slopes (deltaO3/deltaPAN) ranging from 9.92 to 18.0 indicated serious air pollution in Beijing, and strong negative correlation in winter reflected strong O3 consumption by NO titration and less thermal decompositin of PAN.
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Kondo Y, Morino Y, Fukuda M, Kanaya Y, Miyazaki Y, Takegawa N, Tanimoto H, McKenzie R, Johnston P, Blake DR, Murayama T, Koike M. Formation and transport of oxidized reactive nitrogen, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol in Tokyo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Val Martin M, Honrath RE, Owen RC, Li QB. Seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides in the central North Atlantic lower free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Shipboard Measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitrous Acid, Nitric Acid and Ozone in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11267-007-9133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Singh HB, Salas L, Herlth D, Kolyer R, Czech E, Avery M, Crawford JH, Pierce RB, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Dibb J, Huey G, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Emmons LK, Flocke F, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Horowitz LW. Reactive nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the North American troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Val Martín M, Honrath RE, Owen RC, Pfister G, Fialho P, Barata F. Significant enhancements of nitrogen oxides, black carbon, and ozone in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere resulting from North American boreal wildfires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Val Martín
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - R. E. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - R. C. Owen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - G. Pfister
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. Fialho
- Group of Chemistry and Physics of the Atmosphere; University of the Azores; Terra Chã Portugal
| | - F. Barata
- Group of Chemistry and Physics of the Atmosphere; University of the Azores; Terra Chã Portugal
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Miyazaki Y. Contribution of particulate nitrate to airborne measurements of total reactive nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Takegawa N, Kondo Y, Koike M, Chen G, Machida T, Watai T, Blake DR, Streets DG, Woo JH, Carmichael GR, Kita K, Miyazaki Y, Shirai T, Liley JB, Ogawa T. Removal of NOxand NOyin Asian outflow plumes: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in January 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - T. Machida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Watai
- Global Environmental Forum; Ibaraki Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - D. G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
| | - J.-H. Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - J. B. Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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Kondo Y, Nakamura K, Chen G, Takegawa N, Koike M, Miyazaki Y, Kita K, Crawford J, Ko M, Blake DR, Kawakami S, Shirai T, Liley B, Wang Y, Ogawa T. Photochemistry of ozone over the western Pacific from winter to spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science; Ibaraki University; Mito Japan
| | - J. Crawford
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. Ko
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - S. Kawakami
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - B. Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - Y. Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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Hatakeyama S, Takami A, Sakamaki F, Mukai H, Sugimoto N, Shimizu A, Bandow H. Aerial measurement of air pollutants and aerosols during 20-22 March 2001 over the East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akinori Takami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Fumio Sakamaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mukai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Nobuo Sugimoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Bandow
- College of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
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Yoshida Y. A three-dimensional global model study of atmospheric methyl chloride budget and distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Kondo Y. Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ballenthin JO, Thorn WF, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Hunton DE, Koike M, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Irie H, Ikeda H. In situ HNO
3
to NO
y
instrument comparison during SOLVE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Ballenthin
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - W. F. Thorn
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - T. M. Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - A. A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - D. E. Hunton
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Irie
- National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Ikeda
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Miyazaki Y. Synoptic-scale transport of reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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DiNunno B. An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the central/eastern North Pacific as determined from multiyear airborne field studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tanimoto H, Furutani H, Kato S, Matsumoto J, Makide Y, Akimoto H. Seasonal cycles of ozone and oxidized nitrogen species in northeast Asia 1. Impact of regional climatology and photochemistry observed during RISOTTO 1999–2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanimoto
- Atmospheric Environment Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Now at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shungo Kato
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Also at Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Matsumoto
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Also at Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Akimoto
- Atmospheric Composition Research Program Frontier Research System for Global Change Yokohama Japan
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Kondo Y, Koike M, Kita K, Ikeda H, Takegawa N, Kawakami S, Blake D, Liu SC, Ko M, Miyazaki Y, Irie H, Higashi Y, Liley B, Nishi N, Zhao Y, Ogawa T. Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O3, CO, and NOyover the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Koike M, Kondo Y, Kita K, Nishi N, Liu SC, Blake D, Ko M, Akutagawa D, Kawakami S, Takegawa N, Zhao Y, Ogawa T. Reactive nitrogen over the tropical western Pacific: Influence from lightning and biomass burning during BIBLE A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Machida T, Kita K, Kondo Y, Blake D, Kawakami S, Inoue G, Ogawa T. Vertical and meridional distributions of the atmospheric CO2mixing ratio between northern midlatitudes and southern subtropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Miyazaki Y, Kita K, Kondo Y, Koike M, Ko M, Hu W, Kawakami S, Blake DR, Ogawa T. Springtime photochemical ozone production observed in the upper troposphere over east Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fischer R, Weller R, Jacobi HW, Ballschmiter K. Levels and pattern of volatile organic nitrates and halocarbons in the air at Neumayer Station (70 degrees S), Antarctic. CHEMOSPHERE 2002; 48:981-992. [PMID: 12222794 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Levels and patterns of C1-C4/C9 organic nitrates were measured for the first time in Antarctica. The sampling was done by adsorptive enrichment on Tenax TA followed by thermodesorption cold-trap high resolution capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. 2-70 1 air on-column have been analyzed this way. C1-C9 alkyl mononitrates, C2-C4 alkyl dinitrates, C2-C4 hydroxy alkyl nitrates, and halocarbons could be identified in air samples collected near the German Neumayer Research Station, Antarctica, in February 1999. Volatile biogenic and anthropogenic halocarbons were used to assess the origin of the air parcels analyzed. The average concentration measured for sigmaC2-C6 alkyl nitrates was in the range of 9.2 +/- 1.8 ppt(v), while the sum of the mixing ratios of six C2-C4 hydroxy alkyl nitrates was in the range of 1.1 +/- 0.2 ppt(v). Moreover, C2-C4 alkyl dinitrates were found at levels near the detection limit of 0.1-0.5 ppt(v). The concentrations of organic nitrates found in Antarctic air represent ultimate baseline levels due to chemical and physical loss processes during long-range transport in the air. The South Atlantic and the Antarctic Ocean as a general secondary source for organic nitrates in terms of an air/sea exchange equilibrium has to be evaluated yet, but it seems logical. Our results confirm the common assumption that there are no biogenic marine sources of C2-C9 organonitrates. We have found a level of > 80 ppt(v) for methyl nitrate. This level if it can be confirmed in a systematic survey requires a strong biogenic source of methyl nitrate in the Antarctic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Fischer
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Ulm, Germany
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Kanaya Y. Photochemical ozone production at a subtropical island of Okinawa, Japan: Implications from simultaneous observations of HO2radical and NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Furutani H. Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas-phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kentarchos AS. Impact of aircraft NOxemissions on tropospheric ozone calculated with a chemistry-general circulation model: Sensitivity to higher hydrocarbon chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kotchenruther RA, Jaffe DA, Beine HJ, Anderson TL, Bottenheim JW, Harris JM, Blake DR, Schmitt R. Observations of ozone and related species in the northeast Pacific during the PHOBEA campaigns: 2. Airborne observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaffe D, Anderson T, Covert D, Trost B, Danielson J, Simpson W, Blake D, Harris J, Streets D. Observations of ozone and related species in the northeast Pacific during the PHOBEA campaigns: 1. Ground-based observations at Cheeka Peak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fischer RG, Kastler J, Ballschmiter K. Levels and pattern of alkyl nitrates, multifunctional alkyl nitrates, and halocarbons in the air over the Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Schultz MG, Jacob DJ, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Dibb JE, Talbot RW, Singh HB. Chemical NOxbudget in the upper troposphere over the tropical South Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Ziereis H, Schlager H, Schulte P, van Velthoven PFJ, Slemr F. Distributions of NO, NOx, and NOyin the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere between 28° and 61°N during POLINAT 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Tanimoto H, Hirokawa J, Kajii Y, Akimoto H. A new measurement technique of peroxyacetyl nitrate at parts per trillion by volume levels: Gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Kiselev A, Karol I. Modeling of the tropospheric carbon monoxide distribution in the northern temperate latitudinal belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Ziereis H, Schlager H, Schulte P, Köhler I, Marquardt R, Feigl C. In situ measurements of the NOxdistribution and variability over the eastern North Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Peterson MC, Honrath RE. NOxand NOyover the northwestern North Atlantic: Measurements and measurement accuracy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huntrieser H, Schlager H, Feigl C, Höller H. Transport and production of NOXin electrified thunderstorms: Survey of previous studies and new observations at midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Singh HB, Viezee W, Chen Y, Thakur AN, Kondo Y, Talbot RW, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Bradshaw JD, Wang Y, Jacob DJ. Latitudinal distribution of reactive nitrogen in the free troposphere over the Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kawakami S, Kondo Y, Koike M, Nakajima H, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Newell RE, Browell EV, Blake DR, Rodriguez JM, Merrill JT. Impact of lightning and convection on reactive nitrogen in the tropical free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kotamarthi VR, Rodriguez JM, Sze ND, Kondo Y, Pueschel R, Ferry G, Bradshaw J, Sandholm S, Gregory G, Davis D, Liu S. Evidence of heterogeneous chemistry on sulfate aerosols in stratospherically influenced air masses sampled during PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koike M, Kondo Y, Kawakami S, Nakajima H, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Singh HB, Browell EV, Merrill JT, Newell RE. Reactive nitrogen and its correlation with O3and CO over the Pacific in winter and early spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson AM, Singh HB, Stewart RW, Kucsera TL, Kondo Y. A Monte Carlo study of upper tropospheric reactive nitrogen during the Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Western Pacific Ocean (PEM-West B). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoell JM, Davis DD, Liu SC, Newell RE, Akimoto H, McNeal RJ, Bendura RJ. The Pacific Exploratory Mission-West Phase B: February-March, 1994. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Talbot RW, Dibb JE, Lefer BL, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Sachse GW, Collins JE, Heikes BG, Merrill JT, Gregory GL, Anderson BE, Singh HB, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Pueschel RF. Chemical characteristics of continental outflow from Asia to the troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean during February-March 1994: Results from PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kondo Y, Kawakami S, Koike M, Fahey DW, Nakajima H, Zhao Y, Toriyama N, Kanada M, Sachse GW, Gregory GL. Performance of an aircraft instrument for the measurement of NOy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhao Y, Kondo Y, Murcray FJ, Liu X, Koike M, Kita K, Nakajima H, Murata I, Suzuki K. Carbon monoxide column abundances and tropospheric concentrations retrieved from high resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra at 43.5°N over Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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