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Coupled Stratospheric Chemistry–Meteorology Data Assimilation. Part I: Physical Background and Coupled Modeling Aspects. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A coupled stratospheric chemistry–meteorology model was developed by combining the Canadian operational weather prediction model Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) with a comprehensive stratospheric photochemistry model from the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE). The coupled model was called GEM-BACH for GEM-Belgian Atmospheric CHemistry. The coupling was made across a chemical interface that preserves time-splitting while being modular, allowing GEM to run with or without chemistry. An evaluation of the coupling was performed by comparing the coupled model, refreshed by meteorological analyses every 6 h, against the standard offline chemical transport model (CTM) approach. Results show that the dynamical meteorological consistency between meteorological analysis times far outweighs the error created by the jump resulting from the meteorological analysis increments at regular time intervals, irrespective of whether a 3D-Var or 4D-Var meteorological analysis is used. Arguments in favor of using the same horizontal resolution for chemistry, meteorology, and meteorological and chemical analysis increments are also presented. GEM-BACH forecasts refreshed by meteorological analyses every 6 h were compared against independent measurements of temperature, long-lived species, ozone and water vapor. The comparison showed a relatively good agreement throughout the stratosphere except for an upper-level warm temperature bias and an ozone deficit of nearly 15%. In particular, the coupled model simulation during an ozone hole event gives better ozone concentrations than a 4D-Var chemical assimilation at a lower resolution.
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Murray NL, Holmes HA, Liu Y, Chang HH. A Bayesian ensemble approach to combine PM 2.5 estimates from statistical models using satellite imagery and numerical model simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108601. [PMID: 31465992 PMCID: PMC7048623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been linked to various adverse health outcomes. PM2.5 arises from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and PM2.5 concentrations can vary over space and time. However, the sparsity of existing air quality monitors greatly restricts the spatial-temporal coverage of PM2.5 measurements, potentially limiting the accuracy of PM2.5-related health studies. Various methods exist to address these limitations by supplementing air quality monitoring measurements with additional data. We develop a method to combine PM2.5 estimated from satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and chemical transport model (CTM) simulations using statistical models. While most previous methods utilize AOD or CTM separately, we aim to leverage advantages offered by both data sources in terms of resolution and coverage using Bayesian ensemble averaging. Our approach differs from previous ensemble approaches in its ability to not only incorporate uncertainties in PM2.5 estimates from individual models but also to provide uncertainties for the resulting ensemble estimates. In an application of estimating daily PM2.5 in the Southeastern US, the ensemble approach outperforms previously developed spatial-temporal statistical models that use either AOD or bias-corrected CTM simulations in cross-validation (CV) analyses. More specifically, in spatially clustered CV experiments, the ensemble approach reduced the AOD-only and CTM-only model's root mean squared error (RMSE) by at least 13%. Similar improvements were seen in R2. The enhanced prediction performance that the ensemble technique provides at fine-scale spatial resolution, as well as the availability of prediction uncertainty, can be further used in health effect analyses of air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Murray
- Emory University, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Heather A Holmes
- University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Physics, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Emory University, Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Howard H Chang
- Emory University, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Chipperfield MP, Dhomse SS, Feng W, McKenzie RL, Velders GJM, Pyle JA. Quantifying the ozone and ultraviolet benefits already achieved by the Montreal Protocol. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7233. [PMID: 26011106 PMCID: PMC4455099 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorine- and bromine-containing ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are controlled by the 1987 Montreal Protocol. In consequence, atmospheric equivalent chlorine peaked in 1993 and has been declining slowly since then. Consistent with this, models project a gradual increase in stratospheric ozone with the Antarctic ozone hole expected to disappear by ∼2050. However, we show that by 2013 the Montreal Protocol had already achieved significant benefits for the ozone layer. Using a 3D atmospheric chemistry transport model, we demonstrate that much larger ozone depletion than observed has been avoided by the protocol, with beneficial impacts on surface ultraviolet. A deep Arctic ozone hole, with column values <120 DU, would have occurred given meteorological conditions in 2011. The Antarctic ozone hole would have grown in size by 40% by 2013, with enhanced loss at subpolar latitudes. The decline over northern hemisphere middle latitudes would have continued, more than doubling to ∼15% by 2013. Ozone-depleting substances have been controlled by the 1987 Montreal Protocol, ensuring atmospheric concentrations are now in decline. Here, the authors use a 3D model and suggest that these controls have already had significant benefits, with much larger ozone depletion than previously thought avoided by the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Chipperfield
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S S Dhomse
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - W Feng
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), UK
| | - R L McKenzie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder Private Bag 50061, New Zealand
| | - G J M Velders
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - J A Pyle
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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Dhomse SS, Chipperfield MP, Feng W, Hossaini R, Mann GW, Santee ML. Revisiting the hemispheric asymmetry in midlatitude ozone changes following the Mount Pinatubo eruption: A 3-D model study. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 42:3038-3047. [PMID: 27867234 PMCID: PMC5102144 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl063052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo, satellite and in situ measurements showed a large enhancement in stratospheric aerosol in both hemispheres, but significant midlatitude column O3 depletion was observed only in the north. We use a three-dimensional chemical transport model to determine the mechanisms behind this hemispheric asymmetry. The model, forced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalyses and updated aerosol surface area density, successfully simulates observed large column NO2 decreases and the different extents of ozone depletion in the two hemispheres. The chemical ozone loss is similar in the Northern (NH) and Southern Hemispheres (SH), but the contrasting role of dynamics increases the depletion in the NH and decreases it in the SH. The relevant SH dynamics are not captured as well by earlier ERA-40 reanalyses. Overall, the smaller SH column O3 depletion can be attributed to dynamical variability and smaller SH background lower stratosphere O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Dhomse
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - M. P. Chipperfield
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - W. Feng
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- National Centre for Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - R. Hossaini
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - G. W. Mann
- School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- National Centre for Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
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Measurements of tropospheric NO2 in Romania using a zenith-sky mobile DOAS system and comparisons with satellite observations. SENSORS 2013; 13:3922-40. [PMID: 23519349 PMCID: PMC3658783 DOI: 10.3390/s130303922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a new method for retrieving tropospheric NO2 Vertical Column Density (VCD) from zenith-sky Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements using mobile observations. This method was used during three days in the summer of 2011 in Romania, being to our knowledge the first mobile DOAS measurements peformed in this country. The measurements were carried out over large and different areas using a mobile DOAS system installed in a car. We present here a step-by-step retrieval of tropospheric VCD using complementary observations from ground and space which take into account the stratospheric contribution, which is a step forward compared to other similar studies. The detailed error budget indicates that the typical uncertainty on the retrieved NO2tropospheric VCD is less than 25%. The resulting ground-based data set is compared to satellite measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2). For instance, on 18 July 2011, in an industrial area located at 47.03°N, 22.45°E, GOME-2 observes a tropospheric VCD value of (3.4 ± 1.9) × 1015 molec./cm2, while average mobile measurements in the same area give a value of (3.4 ± 0.7) × 1015 molec./cm2. On 22 August 2011, around Ploiesti city (44.99°N, 26.1°E), the tropospheric VCD observed by satellites is (3.3 ± 1.9) × 1015 molec./cm2 (GOME-2) and (3.2 ± 3.2) × 1015 molec./cm2 (OMI), while average mobile measurements give (3.8 ± 0.8) × 1015 molec./cm2. Average ground measurements over “clean areas”, on 18 July 2011, give (2.5 ± 0.6) × 1015 molec./cm2 while the satellite observes a value of (1.8 ± 1.3) × 1015 molec./cm2.
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Schmidt A, Thordarson T, Oman LD, Robock A, Self S. Climatic impact of the long-lasting 1783 Laki eruption: Inapplicability of mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Terao Y, Sugita T, Sasano Y. Ozone loss rates in the Arctic winter stratosphere during 1994-2000 derived from POAM II/III and ILAS observations: Implications for relationships among ozone loss, PSC occurrence, and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roscoe HK, Feng W, Chipperfield MP, Trainic M, Shuckburgh EF. The existence of the edge region of the Antarctic stratospheric vortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Santee ML, Manney GL, Livesey NJ, Froidevaux L, Schwartz MJ, Read WG. Trace gas evolution in the lowermost stratosphere from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Morgenstern O, Giorgetta MA, Shibata K, Eyring V, Waugh DW, Shepherd TG, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Baumgaertner AJG, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith SM, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Hegglin MI, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Manzini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Olivié D, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Rozanov E, Scinocca JF, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Toohey M, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Constraining the chlorine monoxide (ClO)/chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) equilibrium constant from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements of nighttime ClO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6588-93. [PMID: 20388911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912659107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary ozone loss process in the cold polar lower stratosphere hinges on chlorine monoxide (ClO) and one of its dimers, chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl). Recently, analyses of atmospheric observations have suggested that the equilibrium constant, K(eq), governing the balance between ClOOCl formation and thermal decomposition in darkness is lower than that in the current evaluation of kinetics data. Measurements of ClO at night, when ClOOCl is unaffected by photolysis, provide a useful means of testing quantitative understanding of the ClO/ClOOCl relationship. Here we analyze nighttime ClO measurements from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to infer an expression for K(eq). Although the observed temperature dependence of the nighttime ClO is in line with the theoretical ClO/ClOOCl equilibrium relationship, none of the previously published expressions for K(eq) consistently produces ClO abundances that match the MLS observations well under all conditions. Employing a standard expression for K(eq), A x exp(B/T), we constrain the parameter A to currently recommended values and estimate B using a nonlinear weighted least squares analysis of nighttime MLS ClO data. ClO measurements at multiple pressure levels throughout the periods of peak chlorine activation in three Arctic and four Antarctic winters are used to estimate B. Our derived B leads to values of K(eq) that are approximately 1.4 times smaller at stratospherically relevant temperatures than currently recommended, consistent with earlier studies. Our results are in better agreement with the newly updated (2009) kinetics evaluation than with the previous (2006) recommendation.
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Winkler H, Kazeminejad S, Sinnhuber M, Kallenrode MB, Notholt J. Conversion of mesospheric HCl into active chlorine during the solar proton event in July 2000 in the northern polar region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Winkler
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - S. Kazeminejad
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - M. Sinnhuber
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | | | - J. Notholt
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
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González‐Galindo F, Forget F, López‐Valverde MA, Angelats i Coll M, Millour E. A ground‐to‐exosphere Martian general circulation model: 1. Seasonal, diurnal, and solar cycle variation of thermospheric temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Santee ML, MacKenzie IA, Manney GL, Chipperfield MP, Bernath PF, Walker KA, Boone CD, Froidevaux L, Livesey NJ, Waters JW. A study of stratospheric chlorine partitioning based on new satellite measurements and modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Köhler MO, Rädel G, Dessens O, Shine KP, Rogers HL, Wild O, Pyle JA. Impact of perturbations to nitrogen oxide emissions from global aviation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Winkler H, Sinnhuber M, Notholt J, Kallenrode MB, Steinhilber F, Vogt J, Zieger B, Glassmeier KH, Stadelmann A. Modeling impacts of geomagnetic field variations on middle atmospheric ozone responses to solar proton events on long timescales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Pumphrey HC, Filipiak MJ, Livesey NJ, Schwartz MJ, Boone C, Walker KA, Bernath P, Ricaud P, Barret B, Clerbaux C, Jarnot RF, Manney GL, Waters JW. Validation of middle-atmosphere carbon monoxide retrievals from the Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Kovalenko LJ, Livesey NL, Salawitch RJ, Camy-Peyret C, Chipperfield MP, Cofield RE, Dorf M, Drouin BJ, Froidevaux L, Fuller RA, Goutail F, Jarnot RF, Jucks K, Knosp BW, Lambert A, MacKenzie IA, Pfeilsticker K, Pommereau JP, Read WG, Santee ML, Schwartz MJ, Snyder WV, Stachnik R, Stek PC, Wagner PA, Waters JW. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder BrO observations in the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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The trend, seasonal cycle, and sources of tropospheric NO2 over China during 1997–2006 based on satellite measurement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11430-007-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Connor BJ, Mooney T, Barrett J, Solomon P, Parrish A, Santee M. Comparison of ClO measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder to ground-based microwave measurements at Scott Base, Antarctica, in spring 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Pierce RB, Schaack T, Al-Saadi JA, Fairlie TD, Kittaka C, Lingenfelser G, Natarajan M, Olson J, Soja A, Zapotocny T, Lenzen A, Stobie J, Johnson D, Avery MA, Sachse GW, Thompson A, Cohen R, Dibb JE, Crawford J, Rault D, Martin R, Szykman J, Fishman J. Chemical data assimilation estimates of continental U.S. ozone and nitrogen budgets during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Tripathi OP, Godin-Beekmann S, Lefèvre F, Pazmiño A, Hauchecorne A, Chipperfield M, Feng W, Millard G, Rex M, Streibel M, von der Gathen P. Comparison of polar ozone loss rates simulated by one-dimensional and three-dimensional models with Match observations in recent Antarctic and Arctic winters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Fleming EL, Jackman CH, Weisenstein DK, Ko MKW. The impact of interannual variability on multidecadal total ozone simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Singleton CS, Randall CE, Harvey VL, Chipperfield MP, Feng W, Manney GL, Froidevaux L, Boone CD, Bernath PF, Walker KA, McElroy CT, Hoppel KW. Quantifying Arctic ozone loss during the 2004–2005 winter using satellite observations and a chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Farahani E, Fast H, Mittermeier RL, Makino Y, Strong K, McLandress C, Shepherd TG, Chipperfield MP, Hannigan JW, Coffey MT, Mikuteit S, Hase F, Blumenstock T, Raffalski U. Nitric acid measurements at Eureka obtained in winter 2001–2002 using solar and lunar Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy: Comparisons with observations at Thule and Kiruna and with results from three-dimensional models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Schofield R, Johnston PV, Thomas A, Kreher K, Connor BJ, Wood S, Shooter D, Chipperfield MP, Richter A, von Glasow R, Rodgers CD. Tropospheric and stratospheric BrO columns over Arrival Heights, Antarctica, 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Rose WI, Millard GA, Mather TA, Hunton DE, Anderson B, Oppenheimer C, Thornton BF, Gerlach TM, Viggiano AA, Kondo Y, Miller TM, Ballenthin JO. Atmospheric chemistry of a 33–34 hour old volcanic cloud from Hekla Volcano (Iceland): Insights from direct sampling and the application of chemical box modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Tian W, Chipperfield MP, Gray LJ, Zawodny JM. Quasi-biennial oscillation and tracer distributions in a coupled chemistry-climate model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Richter A, Burrows JP, Nüss H, Granier C, Niemeier U. Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space. Nature 2005; 437:129-32. [PMID: 16136141 DOI: 10.1038/nature04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning reduce local air quality and affect global tropospheric chemistry. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by all combustion processes and play a key part in the photochemically induced catalytic production of ozone, which results in summer smog and has increased levels of tropospheric ozone globally. Release of nitrogen oxide also results in nitric acid deposition, and--at least locally--increases radiative forcing effects due to the absorption of downward propagating visible light. Nitrogen oxide concentrations in many industrialized countries are expected to decrease, but rapid economic development has the potential to increase significantly the emissions of nitrogen oxides in parts of Asia. Here we present the tropospheric column amounts of nitrogen dioxide retrieved from two satellite instruments GOME and SCIAMACHY over the years 1996-2004. We find substantial reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over some areas of Europe and the USA, but a highly significant increase of about 50 per cent-with an accelerating trend in annual growth rate-over the industrial areas of China, more than recent bottom-up inventories suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Richter
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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30
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Rohen G, von Savigny C, Sinnhuber M, Llewellyn EJ, Kaiser JW, Jackman CH, Kallenrode MB, Schröter J, Eichmann KU, Bovensmann H, Burrows JP. Ozone depletion during the solar proton events of October/November 2003 as seen by SCIAMACHY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Rohen
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - C. von Savigny
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - M. Sinnhuber
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - E. J. Llewellyn
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Department of Physics and Physics Engineering; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - J. W. Kaiser
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - C. H. Jackman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - J. Schröter
- Physics Department; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - K.-U. Eichmann
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - H. Bovensmann
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - J. P. Burrows
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
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31
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Mann GW. Large nitric acid trihydrate particles and denitrification caused by mountain waves in the Arctic stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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González-Galindo F. Extension of a Martian general circulation model to thermospheric altitudes: UV heating and photochemical models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Amekudzi LK. Retrieval of stratospheric NO3vertical profiles from SCIAMACHY lunar occultation measurement over the Antarctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Shibata K, Deushi M, Sekiyama TT, Yoshimura H. Development of an MRI Chemical Transport Model for the Study of Stratospheric Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.55.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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35
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Kühl S, Dörnbrack A, Wilms-Grabe W, Sinnhuber BM, Platt U, Wagner T. Observational evidence of rapid chlorine activation by mountain waves above northern Scandinavia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kühl
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Dörnbrack
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; DLR Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - W. Wilms-Grabe
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - B.-M. Sinnhuber
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - U. Platt
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - T. Wagner
- Institut für Umweltphysik; Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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36
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El Amraoui L, Ricaud P, Urban J, Théodore B, Hauchecorne A, Lautié N, De La Noë J, Guirlet M, Le Flochmoën E, Murtagh D, Dupuy E, Frisk U, d'Andon OF. Assimilation of Odin/SMR O3and N2O measurements in a three-dimensional chemistry transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. El Amraoui
- Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, L3AB; Floirac France
| | - P. Ricaud
- Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, L3AB; Floirac France
| | - J. Urban
- Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, L3AB; Floirac France
| | | | | | - N. Lautié
- Department of Radio and Space Science; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| | - J. De La Noë
- Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, L3AB; Floirac France
| | | | - E. Le Flochmoën
- Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, L3AB; Floirac France
| | - D. Murtagh
- Department of Radio and Space Science; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| | - E. Dupuy
- Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, L3AB; Floirac France
| | - U. Frisk
- Swedish Space Corporation; Solna Sweden
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37
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Ridolfi M, Magnani L, Carlotti M, Dinelli BM. MIPAS-ENVISAT limb-sounding measurements: trade-off study for improvement of horizontal resolution. APPLIED OPTICS 2004; 43:5814-5824. [PMID: 15540439 DOI: 10.1364/ao.43.005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a limb-scanning spectrometer that has operated onboard the Environmental Satellite since the end of March 2002. Common features of limb-scanning experiments are both high vertical resolution and poor horizontal resolution. We exploit the two-dimensional geo-fit retrieval approach [Appl. Opt. 40, 1872-1875 (2001)] to investigate the possibility of improving the horizontal resolution of MIPAS measurements. Two different strategies are considered for this purpose, one exploiting the possibility (offered by the geo-fit analysis method) for an arbitrary definition of the retrieval grid, the other based on the possibility of saving measurement time by degrading the spectral resolution of the interferometer. The performances of the two strategies are compared in terms of the trade-off between the attained horizontal resolution and the retrieval precision. We find that for ozone it is possible to improve by a factor of 2 the horizontal resolution, which in the nominal measurement plan is approximately 530 km. This improvement corresponds to a degradation of the retrieval precision, which on average varies from a factor of 1.4 to 2.5, depending on the adopted spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ridolfi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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38
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Bruns M, Buehler SA, Burrows JP, Heue KP, Platt U, Pundt I, Richter A, Rozanov A, Wagner T, Wang P. Retrieval of profile information from airborne multiaxis UV-visible skylight absorption measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2004; 43:4415-4426. [PMID: 15298416 DOI: 10.1364/ao.43.004415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A recent development in ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric constituents by UV-visible absorption measurements of scattered light is the simultaneous use of several horizon viewing directions in addition to the traditional zenith-sky pointing. The different light paths through the atmosphere enable the vertical distribution of some atmospheric absorbers, such as NO2, BrO, or O3, to be retrieved. This approach has recently been implemented on an airborne platform. This novel instrument, the airborne multiaxis differential optical absorption spectrometer (AMAXDOAS), has been flown for the first time. In this study, the amount of profile information that can be retrieved from such measurements is investigated for the trace gas NO2. Sensitivity studies on synthetic data are performed for a variety of representative measurement conditions including two wavelengths, one in the UV and one in the visible, two different surface spectral reflectances, various lines of sight (LOSs), and for two different flight altitudes. The results demonstrate that the AMAXDOAS measurements contain useful profile information, mainly at flight altitude and below the aircraft. Depending on wavelength and LOS used, the vertical resolution of the retrieved profiles is as good as 2 km near flight altitude. Above 14 km the profile information content of AMAXDOAS measurements is sparse. Airborne multiaxis measurements are thus a promising tool for atmospheric studies in the troposphere and the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bruns
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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39
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Akiyoshi H, Sugita T, Kanzawa H, Kawamoto N. Ozone perturbations in the Arctic summer lower stratosphere as a reflection of NOXchemistry and planetary scale wave activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Akiyoshi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - T. Sugita
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - H. Kanzawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - N. Kawamoto
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Earth Observation Research Center; Tokyo Japan
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40
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Schofield R. Retrieved tropospheric and stratospheric BrO columns over Lauder, New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Ajtić J. Dilution of the Antarctic ozone hole into southern midlatitudes, 1998–2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Marchand M. Model simulations of the northern extravortex ozone column: Influence of past changes in chemical composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Douglass AR, Schoeberl MR, Rood RB, Pawson S. Evaluation of transport in the lower tropical stratosphere in a global chemistry and transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven Pawson
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
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44
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Ma J, Waugh DW, Douglass AR, Kawa SR, Lin S. Evaluation of the transport in the Goddard Space Flight Center three‐dimensional chemical transport model using the equivalent length diagnostic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Darryn W. Waugh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - S. R. Kawa
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - S.‐J. Lin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA
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45
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Zhu Z, Pawson S. A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengxin Zhu
- Science Systems Applications Inc.; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
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46
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Rivière ED. A Lagrangian method to study stratospheric nitric acid variations in the polar regions as measured by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Bösch H. Upper limits of stratospheric IO and OIO inferred from center-to-limb-darkening-corrected balloon-borne solar occultation visible spectra: Implications for total gaseous iodine and stratospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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Marchand M. Influence of polar ozone loss on northern midlatitude regions estimated by a high-resolution chemistry transport model during winter 1999/2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Flentje H. Erosion and mixing of filaments in the arctic lower stratosphere revealed by airborne lidar measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Manney GL. Variability of ozone loss during Arctic winter (1991–2000) estimated from UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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