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Xu Y, Arridge CS, Yao ZH, Zhang B, Ray LC, Badman SV, Dunn WR, Ebert RW, Chen JJ, Allegrini F, Kurth WS, Qin TS, Connerney JEP, McComas DJ, Bolton SJ, Wei Y. In situ evidence of the magnetospheric cusp of Jupiter from Juno spacecraft measurements. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6062. [PMID: 39025850 PMCID: PMC11258361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The magnetospheric cusp connects the planetary magnetic field to interplanetary space, offering opportunities for charged particles to precipitate to or escape from the planet. Terrestrial cusps are typically found near noon local time, but the characteristics of the Jovian cusp are unknown. Here we show direct evidence of Jovian cusps using datasets from multiple instruments onboard Juno spacecraft. We find that the cusps of Jupiter are in the dusk sector, which is contradicting Earth-based predictions of a near-noon location. Nevertheless, the characteristics of charged particles in the Jovian cusps resemble terrestrial and Saturnian cusps, implying similar cusp microphysics exist across different planets. These results demonstrate that while the basic physical processes may operate similarly to those at Earth, Jupiter's rapid rotation and its location in the heliosphere can dramatically change the configuration of the cusp. This work provides useful insights into the fundamental consequences of star-planet interactions, highlighting how planetary environments and rotational dynamics influence magnetospheric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C S Arridge
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Z H Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
| | - B Zhang
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L C Ray
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S V Badman
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - W R Dunn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - R W Ebert
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J J Chen
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - W S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T S Qin
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J E P Connerney
- Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, MD, USA
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D J McComas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S J Bolton
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y Wei
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zou Y, Walsh BM, Chen L, Ng J, Shi X, Wang C, Lyons LR, Liu J, Angelopoulos V, McWilliams KA, Michael Ruohoniemi J. Unsteady Magnetopause Reconnection Under Quasi-Steady Solar Wind Driving. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2021GL096583. [PMID: 35865078 PMCID: PMC9285935 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic temporal nature of magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause has been an active area of research. Both temporally steady and intermittent reconnection have been reported. We examine the steadiness of reconnection using space-ground conjunctions under quasi-steady solar wind driving. The spacecraft suggests that reconnection is first inactive, and then activates. The radar further suggests that after activation, reconnection proceeds continuously but unsteadily. The reconnection electric field shows variations at frequencies below 10 mHz with peaks at 3 and 5 mHz. The variation amplitudes are ∼10-30 mV/m in the ionosphere, and 0.3-0.8 mV/m at the equatorial magnetopause. Such amplitudes represent 30%-60% of the peak reconnection electric field. The unsteadiness of reconnection can be plausibly explained by the fluctuating magnetic field in the turbulent magnetosheath. A comparison with a previous global hybrid simulation suggests that it is the foreshock waves that drive the magnetosheath fluctuations, and hence modulate the reconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Department of Space ScienceUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleALUSA
| | - Brian M. Walsh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Space PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Li‐Jen Chen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Jonathan Ng
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Xueling Shi
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
- High Altitude ObservatoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - Chih‐Ping Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Larry R. Lyons
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vassilis Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kathryn A. McWilliams
- Department of Physics & Engineering PhysicsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - J. Michael Ruohoniemi
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
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Trattner KJ, Petrinec SM, Fuselier SA. The Location of Magnetic Reconnection at Earth's Magnetopause. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2021; 217:41. [PMID: 34720216 PMCID: PMC8550343 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the major questions about magnetic reconnection is how specific solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions influence where reconnection occurs at the Earth's magnetopause. There are two reconnection scenarios discussed in the literature: a) anti-parallel reconnection and b) component reconnection. Early spacecraft observations were limited to the detection of accelerated ion beams in the magnetopause boundary layer to determine the general direction of the reconnection X-line location with respect to the spacecraft. An improved view of the reconnection location at the magnetopause evolved from ionospheric emissions observed by polar-orbiting imagers. These observations and the observations of accelerated ion beams revealed that both scenarios occur at the magnetopause. Improved methodology using the time-of-flight effect of precipitating ions in the cusp regions and the cutoff velocity of the precipitating and mirroring ion populations was used to pinpoint magnetopause reconnection locations for a wide range of solar wind conditions. The results from these methodologies have been used to construct an empirical reconnection X-line model known as the Maximum Magnetic Shear model. Since this model's inception, several tests have confirmed its validity and have resulted in modifications to the model for certain solar wind conditions. This review article summarizes the observational evidence for the location of magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause, emphasizing the properties and efficacy of the Maximum Magnetic Shear Model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. A. Fuselier
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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Sonnerup BUÖ, Paschmann G, Phan TD. Fluid Aspects of Reconnection at the Magnetopause: In Situ Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm090p0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Aparicio B, Thelin B, Lundin R. The polar cusp from a particle point of view: A statistical study based on Viking data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sauvaud J, Galperin Y, Gladyshev V, Kuzmin A, Muliarchick T, Crasnier J. Spatial inhomogeneity of magnetosheath proton precipitation along the dayside cusp from the Arcad Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia10p05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Potemra TA, Peterson WK, Doering JP, Bostrom CO, McEntire RW, Hoffman RA. Low-energy particle observations in the quiet dayside cusp from AE-C and AE-D. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i029p04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heikkila WJ. Comment on ‘Solar wind plasma injection at the dayside magnetospheric cusp’ by P. H. Reiff, T. W. Hill, and J. L. Burch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja083ia01p00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reiff PH, Hill TW, Burgh JL. Reply [to “Comment on ‘Solar wind plasma injection at the dayside magnetospheric cusp’ by P. H. Reiff, T. W. Hill, and J. L. Burch”]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja083ia01p00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Scarf FL, Frank LA, Lepping RP. Magnetosphere boundary observations along the Imp 7 orbit, 1. Boundary locations and wave level variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i032p05171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hardy DA, Freeman JW, Hills HK. Double-peaked ion spectra in the lobe plasma: Evidence for massive ions? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i035p05529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Phillips JL, Bame SJ, Elphic RC, Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Onsager TG. Well-resolved observations by ISEE 2 of ion dispersion in the magnetospheric cusp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sergeev VA, Bösinger T. Particle dispersion at the nightside boundary of the polar cap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hill TW, Reiff PH. Evidence of magnetospheric cusp proton acceleration by magnetic merging at the dayside magnetopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i025p03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bythrow PF, Potemra TA, Hoffman RA. Observations of field-aligned currents, particles, and plasma drift in the polar cusps near solstice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia07p05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stasiewicz K. Polar cusp topology and position as a function of interplanetary magnetic field and magnetic activity: Comparison of a model with Viking and other observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zanetti L, Potemra T, Doering J, Lee J, Arnoldy R, Hoffman RA. Coincident particle observations from AE-C and ATS 6 during the October 28, 1977, geomagnetic storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia09p04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Robertson IP, Collier MR, Cravens TE, Fok MC. X-ray emission from the terrestrial magnetosheath including the cusps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Borovsky JE. Role of solar wind turbulence in the coupling of the solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ogawa Y. Simultaneous EISCAT Svalbard radar and DMSP observations of ion upflow in the dayside polar ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cravens TE. Implications of Jovian X-ray emission for magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cravens TE, Robertson IP, Snowden SL. Temporal variations of geocoronal and heliospheric X-ray emission associated with the solar wind interaction with neutrals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Siscoe GL, Erickson GM, Sonnerup BUÖ, Maynard NC, Siebert KD, Weimer DR, White WW. Relation between cusp and mantle in MHD simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen J, Fritz TA, Sheldon RB, Spence HE, Spjeldvik WN, Fennell JF, Livi S, Russell CT, Pickett JS, Gurnett DA. Cusp energetic particle events: Implications for a major acceleration region of the magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu G, Lyons LR, Reiff PH, Denig WF, de la Beaujardiére O, Kroehl HW, Newell PT, Rich FJ, Opgenoorth H, Persson MAL, Ruohoniemi JM, Friis-Christensen E, Tomlinson L, Morris R, Burns G, McEwin A. Characteristics of ionospheric convection and field-aligned current in the dayside cusp region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94ja02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lockwood M, Smith MF. Low and middle altitude cusp particle signatures for general magnetopause reconnection rate variations: 1. Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lockwood M, Denig WF, Farmer AD, Davda VN, Cowley SWH, Lühr H. Ionospheric signatures of pulsed reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause. Nature 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/361424a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lennartsson W. A scenario for solar wind penetration of Earth’s magnetic tail based on ion composition data from the ISEE 1 spacecraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Woch J, Lundin R. Magnetosheath plasma precipitation in the polar cusp and its control by the interplanetary magnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Lockwood M, Smith MF. The variation of reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause and cusp ion precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Basinska EM, Burke WJ, Maynard NC, Hughes WJ, Winningham JD, Hanson WB. Small-scale electrodynamics of the cusp with northward interplanetary magnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newell PT, Burke WJ, Meng CI, Sanchez ER, Greenspan ME. Identification and observations of the plasma mantle at low altitude. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Maynard NC, Aggson TL, Basinska EM, Burke WJ, Craven P, Peterson WK, Sugiura M, Weimer DR. Magnetospheric boundary dynamics: DE 1 and DE 2 observations near the magnetopause and cusp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Onsager TG, Thomsen MF, Elphic RC, Gosling JT. Model of electron and ion distributions in the plasma sheet boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Lockwood M, Cowley SWH, Sandholt PE, Lepping RP. The ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and solar wind dynamic pressure changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/ja095ia10p17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lockwood M, Cowley SWH, Freeman MP. The excitation of plasma convection in the high-latitude ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/ja095ia06p07961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zelenyi LM, Kovrazkhin RA, Bosqued JM. Velocity-dispersed ion beams in the nightside auroral zone: AUREOL 3 observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/ja095ia08p12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hardy DA, Gussenhoven MS, Brautigam D. A statistical model of auroral ion precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/ja094ia01p00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Erlandson RE, Zanetti LJ, Potemra TA, Bythrow PF, Lundin R. IMFBydependence of region 1 Birkeland currents near noon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/ja093ia09p09804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newell PT, Meng CI. The cusp and the cleft/boundary layer: Low-altitude identification and statistical local time variation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/ja093ia12p14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bythrow PF, Potemra TA, Erlandson RE, Zanetti LJ, Klumpar DM. Birkeland currents and charged particles in the high-latitude prenoon region: A new interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/ja093ia09p09791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bosqued JM, Sauvaud JA, Delcourt D, Kovrazhkin RA. Precipitation of suprathermal ionospheric ions accelerated in the conjugate hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/ja091ia06p07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Reiff PH, Burch JL. IMF By-dependent plasma flow and Birkeland currents in the dayside magnetosphere: 2. A global model for northward and southward IMF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia02p01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roth I, Hudson MK. Lower hybrid heating of ionospheric ions due to ion ring distributions in the cusp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia05p04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lockwood M, Waite JH, Moore TE, Johnson JFE, Chappell CR. A new source of suprathermal O+ions near the dayside polar cap boundary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia05p04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Burch JL, Reiff PH, Menietti JD, Heelis RA, Hanson WB, Shawhan SD, Shelley EG, Sugiura M, Weimer DR, Winningham JD. IMFBy-dependent plasma flow and Birkeland currents in the dayside magnetosphere: 1. Dynamics Explorer observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia02p01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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