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Zank GP, Sterken V, Giacalone J, Möbius E, von Steiger R, Stone ES, Krimigis SM, Richardson JD, Linsky J, Izmodenov V, Heber B. The Early History of Heliospheric Science and the Spacecraft That Made It Possible. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2022; 218:34. [PMID: 35645425 PMCID: PMC9132875 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the interaction of the large-scale heliosphere with the local interstellar medium (LISM) has undergone a profound change since the very earliest analyses of the problem. In part, the revisions have been a consequence of ever-improving and widening observational results, especially those that identified the entrance of interstellar material and gas into the heliosphere. Accompanying these observations was the identification of the basic underlying physics of how neutral interstellar gas and interstellar charged particles of different energies, up to and including interstellar dust grains, interacted with the temporal flows and electromagnetic fields of the heliosphere. The incorporation of these various basic effects into global models of the interaction, whether focused on neutral interstellar gas and pickup ions, energetic particles such as anomalous and galactic cosmic rays, or magnetic fields and large-scale flows, has profoundly changed our view of how the heliosphere and LISM interact. This article presents a brief history of the conceptual and observation evolution of our understanding of the interaction of the heliosphere with the local interstellar medium, up until approximately 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Zank
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA
- Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA
| | | | - J. Giacalone
- Department of Planetary Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - E. Möbius
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA
| | - R. von Steiger
- International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. S. Stone
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J. D. Richardson
- Kavli Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - J. Linsky
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - V. Izmodenov
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Space Research Institute (IKI) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B. Heber
- University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Yao Z, Dunn WR, Woodfield EE, Clark G, Mauk BH, Ebert RW, Grodent D, Bonfond B, Pan D, Rae IJ, Ni B, Guo R, Branduardi-Raymont G, Wibisono AD, Rodriguez P, Kotsiaros S, Ness JU, Allegrini F, Kurth WS, Gladstone GR, Kraft R, Sulaiman AH, Manners H, Desai RT, Bolton SJ. Revealing the source of Jupiter's x-ray auroral flares. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabf0851. [PMID: 34244139 PMCID: PMC8270495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jupiter's rapidly rotating, strong magnetic field provides a natural laboratory that is key to understanding the dynamics of high-energy plasmas. Spectacular auroral x-ray flares are diagnostic of the most energetic processes governing magnetospheres but seemingly unique to Jupiter. Since their discovery 40 years ago, the processes that produce Jupiter's x-ray flares have remained unknown. Here, we report simultaneous in situ satellite and space-based telescope observations that reveal the processes that produce Jupiter's x-ray flares, showing surprising similarities to terrestrial ion aurora. Planetary-scale electromagnetic waves are observed to modulate electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, periodically causing heavy ions to precipitate and produce Jupiter's x-ray pulses. Our findings show that ion aurorae share common mechanisms across planetary systems, despite temporal, spatial, and energetic scales varying by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William R Dunn
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - George Clark
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Barry H Mauk
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Robert W Ebert
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Denis Grodent
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, STAR institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bonfond
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, STAR institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dongxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Binbin Ni
- Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruilong Guo
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, STAR institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Affelia D Wibisono
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
- The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jan-Uwe Ness
- European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Allegrini
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - William S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - G Randall Gladstone
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ralph Kraft
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ali H Sulaiman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Harry Manners
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Scott J Bolton
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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