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Bang Y, Hwang H, Liermann HP, Kim DY, He Y, Jeon TY, Shin TJ, Zhang D, Popov D, Lee Y. A role for subducting clays in the water transportation into the Earth's lower mantle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4428. [PMID: 38789448 PMCID: PMC11126710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Subducting sedimentary layer typically contains water and hydrated clay minerals. The stability of clay minerals under such hydrous subduction environment would therefore constraint the lithology and physical properties of the subducting slab interface. Here we show that pyrophyllite (Al2Si4O10(OH)2), one of the representative clay minerals in the alumina-silica-water (Al2O3-SiO2-H2O, ASH) system, breakdowns to contain further hydrated minerals, gibbsite (Al(OH)3) and diaspore (AlO(OH)), when subducts along a water-saturated cold subduction geotherm. Such a hydration breakdown occurs at a depth of ~135 km to uptake water by ~1.8 wt%. Subsequently, dehydration breakdown occurs at ~185 km depth to release back the same amount of water, after which the net crystalline water content is preserved down to ~660 km depth, delivering a net amount of ~5.0 wt% H2O in a phase assemblage containing δ-AlOOH and phase Egg (AlSiO3(OH)). Our results thus demonstrate the importance of subducting clays to account the delivery of ~22% of water down to the lower mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonah Bang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeong Hwang
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanns-Peter Liermann
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Duck Young Kim
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu He
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550081, China
| | - Tae-Yeol Jeon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongzhou Zhang
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- GSECARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Dmitry Popov
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Seismic tomography provides unique constraints on the morphology, the deformation, and (indirectly) the rheology of subducting slabs. We use teleseismic double-difference P-wave tomography to image with unprecedented clarity the structural complexity of the Izu-Bonin slab. We resolve a tear in the slab in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) between 26.5° N and 28° N. North of the tear, the slab is folded in the MTZ. Immediately above the fold hinge, a zone of reduced P-wavespeed may result from viscous dissipation within an incipient shear zone. To the south of the tear, the slab overturns and lies flat at the base of the MTZ. The ~680 km deep 2015 Bonin earthquake (Mw~7.9) is located at the northernmost edge of the overturning part of the slab. The localised tearing, shearing and buckling of the Izu-Bonin slab indicates that it remains highly viscous throughout the upper mantle and transition zone. In the 1000 km long Izu-Bonin subduction zone to the south of Tokyo, the Pacific Plate descends beneath the Philippine Sea Plate. Here the authors use teleseismic double-difference tomography to image the complex morphology of the Izu-Bonin slab, especially in the mantle transition zone.
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Effect of Phase Transformations on the Dynamics of the Descending Slab. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm067p0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Zhao D, Hasegawa A. Pwave tomographic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Japan Islands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pulliam RJ, Vasco DW, Johnson LR. Tomographic inversions for mantlePwave velocity structure based on the minimization ofl2andl1norms of International Seismological Centre Travel Time Residuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Christensen UR, Hofmann AW. Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the convecting mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Neele F, VanDecar J, Snieder R. The use ofPwave amplitude data in a joint inversion with travel times for upper mantle velocity structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fischer KM, Jordan TH. Seismic strain rate and deep slab deformation in Tonga. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li C, van der Hilst RD. Structure of the upper mantle and transition zone beneath Southeast Asia from traveltime tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhao D, Hasegawa A, Kanamori H. Deep structure of Japan subduction zone as derived from local, regional, and teleseismic events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hasegawa A, Horiuchi S, Umino N. Seismic structure of the northeastern Japan convergent margin: A synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Miller MS, Kennett BLN, Toy VG. Spatial and temporal evolution of the subducting Pacific plate structure along the western Pacific margin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Miller
- Research School of Earth Sciences; Australian National University; Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - B. L. N. Kennett
- Research School of Earth Sciences; Australian National University; Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - V. G. Toy
- Research School of Earth Sciences; Australian National University; Canberra, ACT Australia
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Huang J, Zhao D. High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb004066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grand SP. Mantle shear-wave tomography and the fate of subducted slabs. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2002; 360:2475-2491. [PMID: 12460476 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2002.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new seismic model of the three-dimensional variation in shear velocity throughout the Earth's mantle is presented. The model is derived entirely from shear bodywave travel times. Multibounce shear waves, core-reflected waves and SKS and SKKS waves that travel through the core are used in the analysis. A unique aspect of the dataset used in this study is the use of bodywaves that turn at shallow depths in the mantle, some of which are triplicated. The new model is compared with other global shear models. Although competing models show significant variations, several large-scale structures are common to most of the models. The high-velocity anomalies are mostly associated with subduction zones. In some regions the anomalies only extend into the shallow lower mantle, whereas in other regions tabular high-velocity structures seem to extend to the deepest mantle. The base of the mantle shows long-wavelength high-velocity zones also associated with subduction zones. The heterogeneity seen in global tomography models is difficult to interpret in terms of mantle flow due to variations in structure from one subduction zone to another. The simplest interpretation of the seismic images is that slabs in general penetrate to the deepest mantle, although the flow is likely to be sporadic. The interruption in slab sinking is likely to be associated with the 660 km discontinuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grand
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1101, USA
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Albarède F, Van Der Hilst RD. Zoned mantle convection. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2002; 360:2569-2592. [PMID: 12460481 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2002.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We review the present state of our understanding of mantle convection with respect to geochemical and geophysical evidence and we suggest a model for mantle convection and its evolution over the Earth's history that can reconcile this evidence. Whole-mantle convection, even with material segregated within the D" region just above the core-mantle boundary, is incompatible with the budget of argon and helium and with the inventory of heat sources required by the thermal evolution of the Earth. We show that the deep-mantle composition in lithophilic incompatible elements is inconsistent with the storage of old plates of ordinary oceanic lithosphere, i.e. with the concept of a plate graveyard. Isotopic inventories indicate that the deep-mantle composition is not correctly accounted for by continental debris, primitive material or subducted slabs containing normal oceanic crust. Seismological observations have begun to hint at compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 km or so of the mantle, but there is no compelling evidence in support of an interface between deep and shallow mantle at mid-depth. We suggest that in a system of thermochemical convection, lithospheric plates subduct to a depth that depends - in a complicated fashion - on their composition and thermal structure. The thermal structure of the sinking plates is primarily determined by the direction and rate of convergence, the age of the lithosphere at the trench, the sinking rate and the variation of these parameters over time (i.e. plate-tectonic history) and is not the same for all subduction systems. The sinking rate in the mantle is determined by a combination of thermal (negative) and compositional buoyancy and as regards the latter we consider in particular the effect of the loading of plates with basaltic plateaux produced by plume heads. Barren oceanic plates are relatively buoyant and may be recycled preferentially in the shallow mantle. Oceanic plateau-laden plates have a more pronounced negative buoyancy and can more easily founder to the very base of the mantle. Plateau segregation remains statistical and no sharp compositional interface is expected from the multiple fate of the plates. We show that the variable depth subduction of heavily laden plates can prevent full vertical mixing and preserve a vertical concentration gradient in the mantle. In addition, it can account for the preservation of scattered remnants of primitive material in the deep mantle and therefore for the Ar and (3)He observations in ocean-island basalts.
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Nakajima J, Matsuzawa T, Hasegawa A, Zhao D. Three-dimensional structure ofVp,Vs, andVp/Vsbeneath northeastern Japan: Implications for arc magmatism and fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gu YJ, Dziewonski AM, Su W, Ekström G. Models of the mantle shear velocity and discontinuities in the pattern of lateral heterogeneities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu F, Liu J, Zhong D, He J, You Q. The subducted slab of Yangtze continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02884953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kárason H, van der Hilst RD. Constraints on Mantle Convection From Seismic Tomography. GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm121p0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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A Comparison between tomographic and geodynamic models of the Earth's mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm121p0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Deal MM, Nolet G, van der Hilst RD. Slab temperature and thickness from seismic tomography: 1. Method and application to Tonga. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deal MM, Nolet G. Slab temperature and thickness from seismic tomography: 2. Izu-Bonin, Japan, and Kuril subduction zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karason H. Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 kilometers of Earth's mantle: toward a hybrid convection model. Science 1999; 283:1885-8. [PMID: 10082455 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5409.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tomographic imaging indicates that slabs of subducted lithosphere can sink deep into Earth's lower mantle. The view that convective flow is stratified at 660-kilometer depth and preserves a relatively pristine lower mantle is therefore not tenable. However, a range of geophysical evidence indicates that compositionally distinct, hence convectively isolated, mantle domains may exist in the bottom 1000 kilometers of the mantle. Survival of these domains, which are perhaps related to local iron enrichment and silicate-to-oxide transformations, implies that mantle convection is more complex than envisaged by conventional end-member flow models.
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Bijwaard H, Spakman W, Engdahl ER. Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sambridge M, Guđmundsson Ó. Tomographic systems of equations with irregular cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deep subduction and aspherical variations in P-wavespeed at the base of Earth's mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/gd028p0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Sandvol E, Ni J. Deep azimuthal seismic anisotropy in the southern Kurile and Japan subduction zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tackley PJ, Stevenson DJ, Glatzmaier GA, Schubert G. Effects of multiple phase transitions in a three-dimensional spherical model of convection in Earth's mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lundgren P, Giardini D. Isolated deep earthquakes and the fate of subduction in the mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nolet G, Zielhuis A. Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyre zone: Evidence for water injection into the transition zone by subduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tackley PJ, Stevenson DJ, Glatzmaier GA, Schubert G. Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle. Nature 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/361699a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Recent seismic tomography of the Earth's mantle has revealed a large-scale pattern of mantle convection comprising upwelling columnar plumes in the Pacific and Africa and downwelling planar sheets along the Circum Pacific. Upwelling and downwelling occur most extensively under the south Pacific and west Pacific, respectively. High-resolution image of plate subduction has been obtained from the dense seismic networks around Japan. Japanese seismologists are in the best position to resolve the internal structure of downwelling current as an integral part of the whole convection system.
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Iidaka T, Mizoue M, Suyehiro K. Seismic velocity structure of the subducting Pacific Plate in the Izu-Bonin Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fukao Y, Obayashi M, Inoue H, Nenbai M. Subducting slabs stagnant in the mantle transition zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ita J, Stixrude L. Petrology, elasticity, and composition of the mantle transition zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ito E, Sato H. Aseismicity in the lower mantle by superplasticity of the descending slab. Nature 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/351140a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kirby SH, Durham WB, Stern LA. Mantle Phase Changes and Deep-Earthquake Faulting in Subducting Lithosphere. Science 1991; 252:216-25. [PMID: 17769266 DOI: 10.1126/science.252.5003.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inclined zones of earthquakes are the primary expression of lithosphere subduction. A distinct deep population of subduction-zone earthquakes occurs at depths of 350 to 690 kilometers. At those depths ordinary brittle fracture and frictional sliding, the faulting processes of shallow earthquakes, are not expected. A fresh understanding of these deep earthquakes comes from developments in several areas of experimental and theoretical geophysics, including the discovery and characterization of transformational faulting, a shear instability connected with localized phase transformations under nonhydrostatic stress. These developments support the hypothesis that deep earthquakes represent transformational faulting in a wedge of olivine-rich peridotite that is likely to persist metastably in coldest plate interiors to depths as great as 690 km. Predictions based on this deep structure of mantle phase changes are consistent with the global depth distribution of deep earthquakes, the maximum depths of earthquakes in individual subductions zones, and key source characteristics of deep events.
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Gaherty JB, Lay T, Vidale JE. Investigation of deep slab structure using long-periodSwaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Boyd TM, Creager KC. The geometry of Aleutian subduction: Three-dimensional seismic imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jb01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhou HW, Anderson DL, Clayton RW. Modeling of residual spheres for subduction zone earthquakes: 1. Apparent slab penetration signatures in the NW Pacific caused by deep diffuse mantle anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jb095ib05p06799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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