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Vermeuel MP, Novak GA, Jernigan CM, Bertram TH. Diel Profile of Hydroperoxymethyl Thioformate: Evidence for Surface Deposition and Multiphase Chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12521-12529. [PMID: 32866385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS; CH3SCH3), a biogenically produced trace gas emitted from the ocean, accounts for a large fraction of natural sulfur released to the marine atmosphere. The oxidation of DMS in the marine boundary layer (MBL), via the hydrogen abstraction pathway, yields the short-lived methylthiomethylperoxy radical (MSP; CH3SCH2OO). In the remote MBL, unimolecular isomerization of MSP outpaces bimolecular chemistry leading to the efficient formation of hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF; HOOCH2SCHO). Here, we report the first ground observations and diurnal profiles of HPMTF mixing ratios, vertical fluxes, and deposition velocities to the ocean surface. Average daytime HPMTF mixing ratios, fluxes, and deposition velocities were recorded at 12.1 pptv, -0.11 pptv m s-1, and 0.75 cm s-1, respectively. The deposition velocity of HPMTF is comparable to other soluble gas phase compounds (e.g., HCOOH and HNO3), resulting in a deposition lifetime of 30 h under typical windspeeds (3 m s-1). A box model analysis incorporating the current mechanistic understanding of DMS oxidation chemistry and geostationary satellite cloud imagery data suggests that the lifetime of HPMTF in the MBL at this sampling location is likely controlled by heterogeneous loss to aerosol and uptake to clouds in the morning and evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Vermeuel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Gordon A Novak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Christopher M Jernigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
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Kumar A, Borgen M, Aluwihare LI, Fenical W. Ozone-Activated Halogenation of Mono- and Dimethylbipyrrole in Seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:589-595. [PMID: 27983826 PMCID: PMC6301015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated N-methylbipyrroles of two different structure classes have been detected worldwide in over 100 environmental samples including seawater, bird eggs, fish, dolphin blubber, and in the breast milk of humans that consume seafood. These molecules are concentrated in the fatty tissues in comparable abundance to some of the most important anthropogenic contaminants, such as the halogenated flame-retardants and pesticides. Although the origin of these compounds is still unknown, we present evidence that the production of these materials can involve the direct ozone activated seawater halogenation of N-methylbipyrrole precursors. This observation shows that environmental polyhalogenated bipyrroles can be produced via an abiotic process, and implies that the ozone activated halogenation of a variety of natural and anthropogenic seawater organics may be a significant process occurring in surface ocean waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdhesh Kumar
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Miles Borgen
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Geoscience Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Geoscience Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William Fenical
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Clark CD, De Bruyn WJ, Jakubowski SD, Grant SB. Hydrogen peroxide production in marine bathing waters: Implications for fecal indicator bacteria mortality. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:397-401. [PMID: 18062995 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide concentrations [H(2)O(2)] have been measured over the last two decades in multiple studies in surface waters in coastal, estuarine and oceanic systems. Diurnal cycles consistent with a photochemical production process have frequently being observed, with [H(2)O(2)] increasing by two orders of magnitude over the course of the day, from low nM levels in the early morning to 10(2)nM in late afternoon. Production rates range from <10 for off-shore ocean waters to 20-60nMh(-1) for near-shore coastal and estuarine environments. Slow night-time loss rates (<10nMh(-1)) have been attributed to biological and particle mediated processes. Diurnal cycles have also frequently been observed in fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels in surf zone waters monitored for microbial water quality. Measured peak peroxide concentrations in surface coastal seawaters are too low to directly cause FIB mortality based on laboratory studies, but likely contribute to oxidative stress and diurnal cycling. Peroxide levels in the surf zone may be increased by additional peroxide production mechanisms such as deposition, sediments and stressed marine biota, further enhancing impacts on FIB in marine bathing waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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Zingler J. Iodine oxide in the Dead Sea Valley: Evidence for inorganic sources of boundary layer IO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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Frost GJ. Comparisons of box model calculations and measurements of formaldehyde from the 1997 North Atlantic Regional Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Heikes B, Snow J, Egli P, O'Sullivan D, Crawford J, Olson J, Chen G, Davis D, Blake N, Blake D. Formaldehyde over the central Pacific during PEM-Tropics B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McFiggans G, Plane JMC, Allan BJ, Carpenter LJ, Coe H, O'Dowd C. A modeling study of iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Junkermann W, Stockwell WR. On the budget of photooxidants in the marine boundary layer of the tropical South Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Duderstadt KA, Carroll MA, Sillman S, Wang T, Albercook GM, Feng L, Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Fehsenfeld FC, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Forbes G. Photochemical production and loss rates of ozone at Sable Island, Nova Scotia during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993 summer intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jacob DJ, Heikes EG, Fan SM, Logan JA, Mauzerall DL, Bradshaw JD, Singh HB, Gregory GL, Talbot RW, Blake DR, Sachse GW. Origin of ozone and NOxin the tropical troposphere: A photochemical analysis of aircraft observations over the South Atlantic basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heikes B, Lee M, Jacob D, Talbot R, Bradshaw J, Singh H, Blake D, Anderson B, Fuelberg H, Thompson AM. Ozone, hydroperoxides, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbon budgets in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sander R, Crutzen PJ. Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tremmel HG, Junkermann W, Slemr F. Distribution of organic hydroperoxides during aircraft measurements over the northeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moore RM, Zafiriou OC. Photochemical production of methyl iodide in seawater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chatfield RB, Crutzen PJ. Are there interactions of iodine and sulfur species in marine air photochemistry? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id13p22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cooper WJ, Saltzman ES, Zika RG. The contribution of rainwater to variability in surface ocean hydrogen peroxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jc092ic03p02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kitada T, Carmichael GR, Peters LK. Effects of dry deposition on the concentration-distributions of atmospheric pollutants within land- and sea-breeze circulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(86)90341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thompson AM, Lenschow DH. Mean profiles of trace reactive species in the unpolluted marine surface layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id03p04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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