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Fu C, Wang G, Bible K, Goulden ML, Saleska SR, Scott RL, Cardon ZG. Hydraulic redistribution affects modeled carbon cycling via soil microbial activity and suppressed fire. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3472-3485. [PMID: 29654607 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic redistribution (HR) of water from moist to drier soils, through plant roots, occurs world-wide in seasonally dry ecosystems. Although the influence of HR on landscape hydrology and plant water use has been amply demonstrated, HR's effects on microbe-controlled processes sensitive to soil moisture, including carbon and nutrient cycling at ecosystem scales, remain difficult to observe in the field and have not been integrated into a predictive framework. We incorporated a representation of HR into the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) and found the new model improved predictions of water, energy, and system-scale carbon fluxes observed by eddy covariance at four seasonally dry yet ecologically diverse temperate and tropical AmeriFlux sites. Modeled plant productivity and microbial activities were differentially stimulated by upward HR, resulting at times in increased plant demand outstripping increased nutrient supply. Modeled plant productivity and microbial activities were diminished by downward HR. Overall, inclusion of HR tended to increase modeled annual ecosystem uptake of CO2 (or reduce annual CO2 release to the atmosphere). Moreover, engagement of CLM4.5's ground-truthed fire module indicated that though HR increased modeled fuel load at all four sites, upward HR also moistened surface soil and hydrated vegetation sufficiently to limit the modeled spread of dry season fire and concomitant very large CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Historically, fire has been a dominant ecological force in many seasonally dry ecosystems, and intensification of soil drought and altered precipitation regimes are expected for seasonally dry ecosystems in the future. HR may play an increasingly important role mitigating development of extreme soil water potential gradients and associated limitations on plant and soil microbial activities, and may inhibit the spread of fire in seasonally dry ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congsheng Fu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Guiling Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Kenneth Bible
- Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael L Goulden
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Russell L Scott
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Zoe G Cardon
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Coelho MA, Fusconi R, Pinheiro L, Ramos IC, Ferreira AS. The combination of compost or biochar with urea and NBPT can improve nitrogen-use efficiency in maize. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1695-1703. [PMID: 29898117 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of organic residues to agricultural soils has been used as a practical alternative to improve crop quality and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate maize physiological and nutritional responses to the application of compost and biochar combined with urea (N) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). The experiment was performed in plastic pots with 3 kg of soil under greenhouse conditions for 30 days. The compost and biochar were applied at the rate of 0.3 ton ha-1, using an amount of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) demanded by crop growth. The physiological responses of maize were monitored by measuring the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The nutritional responses of maize were assessed by using the nutrient concentration and the total nutrient assimilation by the plants. The results showed that the addition of compost or biochar did not alter the maize physiological response compared to the addition of mineral fertilizer used under the same conditions. However, a difference occurred in the maize nutritional responses to the compost and biochar amendments combined with urea and NBPT. The greatest N concentration in maize was observed in the treatment consisting of biochar combined with urea + NBPT. All the treatments in which compost or biochar was applied in combination with urea and NBPT presented greater total N assimilation compared to the treatment with conventional fertilization. The results of this survey showed that the combination of urea and NBPT improved the nitrogen-use efficiency of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Coelho
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta Fusconi
- Geociclo Biotecnologia, Rua José Andraus, 390, 38400-340 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Liliane Pinheiro
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ionara C Ramos
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Adão S Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Buscardo E, Geml J, Schmidt SK, Silva ALC, Ramos RTJ, Barbosa SMR, Andrade SS, Dalla Costa R, Souza AP, Freitas H, Cunha HB, Nagy L. Of mammals and bacteria in a rainforest: Temporal dynamics of soil bacteria in response to simulated N pulse from mammalian urine. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Buscardo
- Centre for Functional EcologyUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Large‐scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere ProgrammeNational Amazonian Research Institute (INPA) Manaus Brazil
| | - József Geml
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research GroupNaturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Faculty of SciencesLeiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Steven K. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anete P. Souza
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Helena Freitas
- Centre for Functional EcologyUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Hillândia B. Cunha
- Large‐scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere ProgrammeNational Amazonian Research Institute (INPA) Manaus Brazil
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Large‐scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere ProgrammeNational Amazonian Research Institute (INPA) Manaus Brazil
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4
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Zhou WJ, Ji HL, Zhu J, Zhang YP, Sha LQ, Liu YT, Zhang X, Zhao W, Dong YX, Bai XL, Lin YX, Zhang JH, Zheng XH. The effects of nitrogen fertilization on N2O emissions from a rubber plantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28230. [PMID: 27324813 PMCID: PMC4915005 DOI: 10.1038/srep28230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain the effects of N fertilizer applications on N2O emissions and local climate change in fertilized rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations in the tropics, we measured N2O fluxes from fertilized (75 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and unfertilized rubber plantations at Xishuangbanna in southwest China over a 2-year period. The N2O emissions from the fertilized and unfertilized plots were 4.0 and 2.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, and the N2O emission factor was 1.96%. Soil moisture, soil temperature, and the area weighted mean ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) content controlled the variations in N2O flux from the fertilized and unfertilized rubber plantations. NH4+-N did not influence temporal changes in N2O emissions from the trench, slope, or terrace plots, but controlled spatial variations in N2O emissions among the treatments. On a unit area basis, the 100-year carbon dioxide equivalence of the fertilized rubber plantation N2O offsets 5.8% and 31.5% of carbon sink of the rubber plantation and local tropical rainforest, respectively. When entire land area in Xishuangbanna is considered, N2O emissions from fertilized rubber plantations offset 17.1% of the tropical rainforest’s carbon sink. The results show that if tropical rainforests are converted to fertilized rubber plantations, regional N2O emissions may enhance local climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong-Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Li-Qing Sha
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yun-Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yu-Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - You-Xin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xun-Hua Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.,State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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5
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Liu L, Greaver TL. A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: the CO2sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4emission. Ecol Lett 2009; 12:1103-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Correlations between foliar nutrient concentrations and soil nutrient availability have been found in multiple ecosystems. These relationships have led to the use of foliar nutrients as an index of nutrient status and to the prediction of broadscale patterns in ecosystem processes. More recently, a growing interest in ecological stoichiometry has fueled multiple analyses of foliar nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) ratios within and across ecosystems. These studies have observed that N:P values are generally elevated in tropical forests when compared to higher latitude ecosystems, adding weight to a common belief that tropical forests are generally N rich and P poor. However, while these broad generalizations may have merit, their simplicity masks the enormous environmental heterogeneity that exists within the tropics; such variation includes large ranges in soil fertility and climate, as well as the highest plant species diversity of any biome. Here we present original data on foliar N and P concentrations from 150 mature canopy tree species in Costa Rica and Brazil, and combine those data with a comprehensive new literature synthesis to explore the major sources of variation in foliar N:P values within the tropics. We found no relationship between N:P ratios and either latitude or mean annual precipitation within the tropics alone. There is, however, evidence of seasonal controls; in our Costa Rica sites, foliar N:P values differed by 25% between wet and dry seasons. The N:P ratios do vary with soil P availability and/or soil order, but there is substantial overlap across coarse divisions in soil type, and perhaps the most striking feature of the data set is variation at the species level. Taken as a whole, our results imply that the dominant influence on foliar N:P ratios in the tropics is species variability and that, unlike marine systems and perhaps many other terrestrial biomes, the N:P stoichiometry of tropical forests is not well constrained. Thus any use of N:P ratios in the tropics to infer larger-scale ecosystem processes must comprehensively account for the diversity of any given site and recognize the broad range in nutrient requirements, even at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Townsend
- INSTAAR and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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7
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Pérez T, Garcia-Montiel D, Trumbore S, Tyler S, de Camargo P, Moreira M, Piccolo M, Cerri C. Nitrous oxide nitrification and denitrification 15N enrichment factors from Amazon forest soils. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2006; 16:2153-67. [PMID: 17205894 DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2153:nonadn]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic signatures of 15N and 18O in N2O emitted from tropical soils vary both spatially and temporally, leading to large uncertainty in the overall tropical source signature and thereby limiting the utility of isotopes in constraining the global N2O budget. Determining the reasons for spatial and temporal variations in isotope signatures requires that we know the isotope enrichment factors for nitrification and denitrification, the two processes that produce N2O in soils. We have devised a method for measuring these enrichment factors using soil incubation experiments and report results from this method for three rain forest soils collected in the Brazilian Amazon: soil with differing sand and clay content from the Tapajos National Forest (TNF) near Santarém, Pará, and Nova Vida Farm, Rondônia. The 15N enrichment factors for nitrification and denitrification differ with soil texture and site: -111 per thousand +/- 12 per thousand and -31 per thousand +/- 11 per thousand for a clay-rich Oxisol (TNF), -102 per thousand +/- 5 per thousand and -45 per thousand +/- 5 per thousand for a sandier Ultisol (TNF), and -10.4 per thousand +/- 3.5 per thousand (enrichment factor for denitrification) for another Ultisol (Nova Vida) soil, respectively. We also show that the isotopomer site preference (delta15Nalpha - delta15Nbeta, where alpha indicates the central nitrogen atom and beta the terminal nitrogen atom in N2O) may allow differentiation between processes of production and consumption of N2O and can potentially be used to determine the contributions of nitrification and denitrification. The site preferences for nitrification and denitrification from the TNF-Ultisol incubated soils are: 4.2 per thousand +/- 8.4 per thousand and 31.6 per thousand +/- 8.1 per thousand, respectively. Thus, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria populations under the conditions of our study exhibit significantly different 15N site preference fingerprints. Our data set strongly suggests that N2O isotopomers can be used in concert with traditional N2O stable isotope measurements as constraints to differentiate microbial N2O processes in soil and will contribute to interpretations of the isotopic site preference N2O values found in the free troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibisay Pérez
- Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
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8
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9
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Breuer L, Papen H, Butterbach-Bahl K. N2O emission from tropical forest soils of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Monitoring the concentration of N2O in the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02909696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Li C, Aber J, Stange F, Butterbach-Bahl K, Papen H. A process-oriented model of N2O and NO emissions from forest soils: 1. Model development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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13
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Weitz AM, Veldkamp E, Keller M, Neff J, Crill PM. Nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and methane fluxes from soils following clearing and burning of tropical secondary forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Potter CS, Matson PA, Vitousek PM, Davidson EA. Process modeling of controls on nitrogen trace gas emissions from soils worldwide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Lammel G, Graßl H. Greenhouse effect of NOX. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 1995; 2:40-45. [PMID: 24234471 DOI: 10.1007/bf02987512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Through various processes the nitrogen oxides (NOX) interact with trace gases in the troposphere and stratosphere which do absorb in the spectral range relevant to the greenhouse effect (infrared wavelengths). The net effect is an enhancement of the greenhouse effect. The catalytic role of NOX in the production of tropospheric ozone provides the most prominent contribution. The global waming potential is estimated as GWP (NOX = 30 - 33 and 7 - 10 for the respective time horizons of 20 and 100 years, and is thereby comparable to that of methane. NOX emissions in rural areas of anthropogenically influenced regions, or those in the vicinity of the txopopause caused by air traffic, cause the greenhouse effectivity to be substantially more intense. We estimate an additional 5-23 % for Germany's contribution to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect as a result of the indirect greenhouse effects stemming from NOX. Furthermore, a small and still inaccurately defined amount of the deposited NOX which has primarily been converted into nitrates is again released from the soil into the atmosphere in the form of the long-lived greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, anthropogenically induced NOX emissions contribute to enhanced greenhouse effect and to stratospheric ozone depletion in the time scale of more than a century.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lammel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Bundesstraße 55, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Harrison RM, Yamulki S, Goulding KWT, Webster CP. Effect of fertilizer application on NO and N2O fluxes from agricultural fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Jambert C, Delmas RA, Labroue L, Chassin P. Nitrogen compound emissions from fertilized soils in a maize field pine tree forest agrosystem in the southwest of France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Bowden RD, Melillo JM, Steudler PA, Aber JD. Effects of nitrogen additions on annual nitrous oxide fluxes from temperate forest soils in the northeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Bakwin PS, Wofsy SC, Fan SM, Keller M, Trumbore SE, Da Costa JM. Emission of nitric oxide (NO) from tropical forest soils and exchange of NO between the forest canopy and atmospheric boundary layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Matson PA, Vitousek PM, Livingston GP, Swanberg NA. Sources of variation in nitrous oxide flux from Amazonian ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Sanhueza E, Hao WM, Scharffe D, Donoso L, Crutzen PJ. N2O and NO emissions from soils of the northern part of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id13p22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Bakwin PS, Wofsy SC, Fan SM. Measurements of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) within and above a tropical forest canopy in the wet season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Prinn R, Cunnold D, Rasmussen R, Simmonds P, Alyea F, Crawford A, Fraser P, Rosen R. Atmospheric emissions and trends of nitrous oxide deduced from 10 years of ALE–GAGE data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id11p18369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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25
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Kaplan WA, Wofsy SC, Keller M, Da Costa JM. Emission of NO and deposition of O3in a tropical forest system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id02p01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Livingston GP, Vitousek PM, Matson PA. Nitrous oxide flux and nitrogen transformations across a landscape gradient in Amazonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id02p01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Andreae MO, Browell EV, Garstang M, Gregory GL, Harriss RC, Hill GF, Jacob DJ, Pereira MC, Sachse GW, Setzer AW, Dias PLS, Talbot RW, Torres AL, Wofsy SC. Biomass-burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id02p01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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