1
|
Lee G, Jang Y, Lee H, Han JS, Kim KR, Lee M. Characteristic behavior of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in Seoul megacity, Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:619-628. [PMID: 18632134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured the concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and other photochemically reactive species, including O3, NO2, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) during May through June in 2004 and 2005. PAN was determined using a fast chromatograph with luminol-based chemiluminescence detection. Mixing ratios of PAN ranged from below the detection limit (0.1ppbv) to 10.4ppbv with an average of 0.8ppbv. O3 concentrations ranged from 0 to 141ppbv. The average PAN/O3 ratio of 0.07 was higher than that observed in cities of Europe and North America (0.02) where control strategies have been enforced to reduce hydrocarbon emissions through extensively reformulated gasoline programs. Strong positive correlations between daily PAN and O3 maxima during the day demonstrate that similar photochemical factors controlled the production of these two chemicals. However, relationships between PAN and its precursors, NO2 and NMHCs, suggest that PAN production was more sensitive to NO2 than NMHCs levels whereas O3 production was limited by the overall availability of NMHCs. It is likely that the compositions of NMHCs in SMA were favorable for PAN production because of the low fractions of oxygenated compounds in automobile fuels. PAN maxima were observed around noon, which was 2-3h earlier than the much broader O3 maxima that occurred in the midafternoon. After reaching the maximum, PAN concentrations rapidly dropped within a few hours, which could be largely due to thermal destruction and to limited production under the typically low NO2 levels that occurred in the early afternoon. The heterogeneous destruction of particulate matter could be an additional sink for PAN in SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangwoong Lee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parrish DD. Fraction and composition of NOytransported in air masses lofted from the North American continental boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
3
|
Moschonas N, Glavas S. Simple cryoconcentration technique for the determination of peroxyacyl and alkyl nitrates in the atmosphere. J Chromatogr A 2000; 902:405-11. [PMID: 11192172 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A gaseous mixture of methyl nitrate, n-propyl nitrate, peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate was successfully cryoconcentrated using a gas sampling valve with its loop filled with glass beads placed inside the GC oven which was cooled at -50 degrees C. The technique offered linearity over a ten fold concentration variation and sample volume range of 1-280 ml. The detection limit for 150 ml sample varied from 0.02-10 pptv depending on the compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Moschonas
- University of Patras, Department of Chemistry, Hellas, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams J, Roberts JM, Bertman SB, Stroud CA, Fehsenfeld FC, Baumann K, Buhr MP, Knapp K, Murphy PC, Nowick M, Williams EJ. A method for the airborne measurement of PAN, PPN, and MPAN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Emmons LK, Hauglustaine DA, Müller JF, Carroll MA, Brasseur GP, Brunner D, Staehelin J, Thouret V, Marenco A. Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Talbot RW, Dibb JE, Scheuer EM, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Atlas E, Flocke F. Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Schultz MG, Jacob DJ, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Dibb JE, Talbot RW, Singh HB. Chemical NOxbudget in the upper troposphere over the tropical South Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Tanimoto H, Hirokawa J, Kajii Y, Akimoto H. A new measurement technique of peroxyacetyl nitrate at parts per trillion by volume levels: Gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Atlas E, Ridley B, Walega J, Greenberg J, Kok G, Staffelbach T, Schauffler S, Lind J, Hübler G, Norton R, Dlugokencky E, Elkins J, Oltmans S, Mackay G, Karecki D. A comparison of aircraft and ground-based measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, during GTE PEM-West and MLOPEX 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Talbot RW, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Sachse GW, Collins J, Gregory GL, Anderson B, Blake D, Barrick J, Browell EV, Klemm KI, Lefer BL, Klemm O, Gorzelska K, Olson J, Herlth D, O'Hara D. Summertime distribution and relations of reactive odd nitrogen species and NOyin the troposphere over Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Sandholm S, Olson J, Bradshaw J, Talbot R, Singh H, Gregory G, Blake D, Anderson B, Sachse G, Barrick J, Collins J, Klemm K, Lefer B, Klemm O, Gorzelska K, Herlth D, O'Hara D. Summertime partitioning and budget of NOycompounds in the troposphere over Alaska and Canada: ABLE 3B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Gregory GL, Warren LS, Davis DD, Andreae MO, Bandy AR, Ferek RJ, Johnson JE, Saltzman ES, Cooper DJ. An intercomparison of instrumentation for tropospheric measurements of dimethyl sulfide: Aircraft results for concentrations at the parts-per-trillion level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Gregory GL, Davis DD, Thornton DC, Johnson JE, Bandy AR, Saltzman ES, Andreae MO, Barrick JD. An intercomparison of aircraft instrumentation for tropospheric measurements of carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
14
|
Atlas EL, Ridley BA, Hubler G, Walega JG, Carroll MA, Montzka DD, Huebert BJ, Norton RB, Grahek FE, Schauffler S. Partitioning and budget of NOyspecies during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Parrish DD, Hahn CJ, Williams EJ, Norton RB, Fehsenfeld FC, Singh HB, Shetter JD, Gandrud BW, Ridley BA. Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Walega JG, Ridley BA, Madronich S, Grahek FE, Shetter JD, Sauvain TD, Hahn CJ, Merill JT, Bodhaine BA, Robinson E. Observations of peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, methyl nitrate and ozone during the Mauna Loa Observatory photochemistry experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Albritton DL, Fehsenfeld FC, Tuck AF. Instrumental Requirements for Global Atmospheric Chemistry. Science 1990; 250:75-81. [PMID: 17808237 DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4977.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The field of atmospheric chemistry is data-limited, primarily because of the challenge of measuring the key chemical constituents in the global environment. Several recent advances, however, in rugged, portable, remotesensing, ground-based instrumentation and accurate, fast-response airborne instrumentation have provided powerful tools for the understanding of stratospheric ozone, particularly in polar regions. Current discoveries of the role of heterogeneous chemical processes point to the need for better techniques for characterization of stratospheric aerosols. In the troposphere, advances in in situ, sensitive methods for detecting reactive nitrogen compounds have demonstrated the role that these compounds have in controlling global oxidation processes, but better measurements of the reservoir species by which the long-ranged transport of pollutant-reactive nitrogen compounds is thought to occur are urgently needed. The role of hydrocarbons, particularly those of natural origin, in ozone formation in rural areas has focused attention on the requirement for better speciation of these ubiquitous compounds. Lastly, rigorous instrument intercomparison experiments have provided unbiased estimates of measurement capabilities.
Collapse
|