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Müller R. The impact of the rise in atmospheric nitrous oxide on stratospheric ozone : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Ozone Layer. AMBIO 2021; 50:35-39. [PMID: 33222088 PMCID: PMC7708589 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung (IEK-7), 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Fluxes of Nitrous Oxide and Other Nitrogen Trace Gases from Intensively Managed Landscapes: A Global Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2134/asaspecpub55.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Thuss SJ, Venkiteswaran JJ, Schiff SL. Proper interpretation of dissolved nitrous oxide isotopes, production pathways, and emissions requires a modelling approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90641. [PMID: 24608915 PMCID: PMC3946536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotopes ([Formula: see text]15N and [Formula: see text]18O) of the greenhouse gas N2O provide information about the sources and processes leading to N2O production and emission from aquatic ecosystems to the atmosphere. In turn, this describes the fate of nitrogen in the aquatic environment since N2O is an obligate intermediate of denitrification and can be a by-product of nitrification. However, due to exchange with the atmosphere, the [Formula: see text] values at typical concentrations in aquatic ecosystems differ significantly from both the source of N2O and the N2O emitted to the atmosphere. A dynamic model, SIDNO, was developed to explore the relationship between the isotopic ratios of N2O, N2O source, and the emitted N2O. If the N2O production rate or isotopic ratios vary, then the N2O concentration and isotopic ratios may vary or be constant, not necessarily concomitantly, depending on the synchronicity of production rate and source isotopic ratios. Thus prima facie interpretation of patterns in dissolved N2O concentrations and isotopic ratios is difficult. The dynamic model may be used to correctly interpret diel field data and allows for the estimation of the gas exchange coefficient, N2O production rate, and the production-weighted [Formula: see text] values of the N2O source in aquatic ecosystems. Combining field data with these modelling efforts allows this critical piece of nitrogen cycling and N2O flux to the atmosphere to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Thuss
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason J. Venkiteswaran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Sherry L. Schiff
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Hartley D, Prinn R. Feasibility of determining surface emissions of trace gases using an inverse method in a three-dimensional chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Berges MGM, Hofmann RM, Scharffe D, Crutzen PJ. Nitrous oxide emissions from motor vehicles in tunnels and their global extrapolation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Miller SM, Kort EA, Hirsch AI, Dlugokencky EJ, Andrews AE, Xu X, Tian H, Nehrkorn T, Eluszkiewicz J, Michalak AM, Wofsy SC. Regional sources of nitrous oxide over the United States: Seasonal variation and spatial distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kaiser EA, Eiland F, Germon JC, Gispert MA, Heinemeyer O, Henault C, Lind AM, Maag M, Saguer E, Van Cleemput O, Vermoesen A, Webster C. What predicts nitrous oxide emissions and denitrification N-loss from European soils? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.1996.3581590604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Thompson RL, Bousquet P, Chevallier F, Rayner PJ, Ciais P. Impact of the atmospheric sink and vertical mixing on nitrous oxide fluxes estimated using inversion methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Manning AJ, O'Doherty S, Jones AR, Simmonds PG, Derwent RG. Estimating UK methane and nitrous oxide emissions from 1990 to 2007 using an inversion modeling approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ishijima K, Patra PK, Takigawa M, Machida T, Matsueda H, Sawa Y, Steele LP, Krummel PB, Langenfelds RL, Aoki S, Nakazawa T. Stratospheric influence on the seasonal cycle of nitrous oxide in the troposphere as deduced from aircraft observations and model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crutzen PJ, Andreae MO. Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 2010; 250:1669-78. [PMID: 17734705 DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4988.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomass burning is widespread, especially in the tropics. It serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses. Furthermore, much agricultural waste and fuel wood is being combusted, particularly in developing countries. Biomass containing 2 to 5 petagrams of carbon is burned annually (1 petagram = 10(15) grams), producing large amounts of trace gases and aerosol particles that play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate. Emissions of carbon monoxide and methane by biomass burning affect the oxidation efficiency of the atmosphere by reacting with hydroxyl radicals, and emissions of nitric oxide and hydrocarbons lead to high ozone concentrations in the tropics during the dry season. Large quantities of smoke particles are produced as well, and these can serve as cloud condensation nuclei. These particles may thus substantially influence cloud microphysical and optical properties, an effect that could have repercussions for the radiation budget and the hydrological cycle in the tropics. Widespread burning may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen. About 50 percent of the nitrogen in the biomass fuel can be released as molecular nitrogen. This pyrdenitrification process causes a sizable loss of fixed nitrogen in tropical ecosystems, in the range of 10 to 20 teragrams per year (1 teragram = 10(12) grams).
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Bergamaschi P, Frankenberg C, Meirink JF, Krol M, Villani MG, Houweling S, Dentener F, Dlugokencky EJ, Miller JB, Gatti LV, Engel A, Levin I. Inverse modeling of global and regional CH4emissions using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huang J, Golombek A, Prinn R, Weiss R, Fraser P, Simmonds P, Dlugokencky EJ, Hall B, Elkins J, Steele P, Langenfelds R, Krummel P, Dutton G, Porter L. Estimation of regional emissions of nitrous oxide from 1997 to 2005 using multinetwork measurements, a chemical transport model, and an inverse method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prasad SS, Zipf EC. Atmospheric production of nitrous oxide from excited ozone and its potentially important implications for global change studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chapter 15 The role of inhibitors in the bioavailability and mitigation of nitrogen losses in grassland ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2481(07)32015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Yu J, Liu J, Wang J, Sun W, Patrick WH, Meixner FX. Nitrous oxide emission from Deyeuxia angustifolia freshwater marsh in northeast china. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 40:613-22. [PMID: 17661130 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-006-0349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we report N(2)O emission results for freshwater marshes isolated from human activities at the Sanjiang Experimental Station of Marsh Wetland Ecology in northeastern China. These results are important for us to understand N(2)O emission in natural processes in undisturbed freshwater marsh. Two adjacent plots of Deyeuxia angustifolia freshwater marsh with different water regimes, i.e., seasonally waterlogged (SW) and not- waterlogged (NW), were chosen for gas sampling, and soil and biomass studies. Emissions of N(2)O from NW plots were obviously higher than from the SW plots. Daily maximum N(2)O flux was observed at 13 o'clock and the seasonal maximum occurred in end July to early August. The annual average N(2)O emissions from the NW marsh were 4.45 microg m(-2) h(-1) in 2002 and 6.85 microg m(-2) h(-1) in 2003 during growing season. The SW marsh was overall a sink for N(2)O with corresponding annual emissions of -1.00 microg m(-2) h(-1) for 2002 and -0.76 microg m(-2) h(-1) for 2003. There were significant correlations between N(2)O fluxes and temperatures of both air and 5-cm-depth soil. The range of soil redox potential 200-400 mV appeared to be optimum for N(2)O flux. Besides temperature and plant biomass, the freeze-thaw process is also an important factor for N(2)O emission burst. Our results show that the freshwater marsh isolated from human activity in northeastern China is not a major source of N(2)O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Yu
- Key Lab of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3195 Weishan Road, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Hall BD, Dutton GS, Elkins JW. The NOAA nitrous oxide standard scale for atmospheric observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bergamaschi P, Frankenberg C, Meirink JF, Krol M, Dentener F, Wagner T, Platt U, Kaplan JO, Körner S, Heimann M, Dlugokencky EJ, Goede A. Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: 2. Evaluation based on inverse model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of methane emission from rice fields at global scale. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ogawa M, Yoshida N. Intramolecular distribution of stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrous oxide emitted during coal combustion. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 61:877-87. [PMID: 15993467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Revised: 04/17/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular distribution of stable isotopes in nitrous oxide that is emitted during coal combustion was analyzed using an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer equipped with a modified ion collector system (IRMS). The coal was combusted in a test furnace fitted with a single burner and the flue gases were collected at the furnace exit following removal of SO(x), NO(x), and H2O in order to avoid the formation of artifact nitrous oxide. The nitrous oxide in the flue gases proved to be enriched in 15N relative to the fuel coal. In air-staged combustion experiments, the staged air ratio was controlled over a range of 0 (unstaged combustion), 20%, and 30%. As the staged air ratio increased, the delta15N and delta18O of the nitrous oxide in the flue gases became depleted. The central nitrogen of the nitrous oxide molecule, N(alpha), was enriched in 15N relative to that occupying the end position of the molecule, N(beta), but this preference, expressed as delta15N(alpha)-delta15N(beta), decreased with the increase in the staged air ratio. Thermal decomposition and hydrogen reduction experiments carried out using a tube reactor allowed qualitative estimates of the kinetic isotope effects that occurred during the decomposition of the nitrous oxide and quantitative estimates of the extent to which the nitrous oxide had decomposed. The site preference of nitrous oxide increased with the extent of the decomposition reactions. Assuming that no site preference exists in nitrous oxide before decomposition, the behavior of nitrous oxide in the test combustion furnace was analyzed using the Rayleigh equation based on a single distillation model. As a result, the extent of decomposition of nitrous oxide was estimated as 0.24-0.26 during the decomposition reaction governed by the thermal decomposition and as 0.35-0.38 during the decomposition reaction governed by the hydrogen reduction in staged combustion. The intramolecular distribution of nitrous oxide can be a valuable parameter to estimate the extent of decomposition reaction and to understand the reaction pathway of nitrous oxide at the high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuteru Ogawa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
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Khalil MAK, Rasmussen RA, Shearer MJ. Atmospheric nitrous oxide: patterns of global change during recent decades and centuries. CHEMOSPHERE 2002; 47:807-821. [PMID: 12079076 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Data from weekly global measurements of nitrous oxide from 1981 to the end of 1996 are presented. The results show that there is more N2O in the northern hemisphere by about 0.7 +/- 0.04 ppbv, and the Arctic to Antarctic difference is about 1.2 +/- 0.1 ppbv. Concentrations at locations influenced by continental air are higher than at marine sites, showing the existence of large land-based emissions. For the period studied, N2O increased at an average rate of about 0.6 ppbv/year (approximately 0.2%/year) although there were periods when the rates were substantially different. Using ice core data, a record of N2O can be put together that goes back about 1000 years. It shows pre-industrial levels of about 287 +/- 1 ppbv and that concentrations have now risen by about 27 ppbv or 9.4% over the last century. The ice core data show that N2O started increasing only during the 20th century. The data presented here represent a comprehensive view of the present global distribution of N20 and its historical and recent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A K Khalil
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, OR 97207-0751, USA.
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Cunnold DM. In situ measurements of atmospheric methane at GAGE/AGAGE sites during 1985–2000 and resulting source inferences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Melillo JM, Steudler PA, Feigl BJ, Neill C, Garcia D, Piccolo MC, Cerri CC, Tian H. Nitrous oxide emissions from forests and pastures of various ages in the Brazilian Amazon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Doherty S, Simmonds PG, Cunnold DM, Wang HJ, Sturrock GA, Fraser PJ, Ryall D, Derwent RG, Weiss RF, Salameh P, Miller BR, Prinn RG. In situ chloroform measurements at Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment atmospheric research stations from 1994 to 1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schmidt M, Glatzel-Mattheier H, Sartorius H, Worthy DE, Levin I. Western European N2O emissions: A top-down approach based on atmospheric observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mechanisms of nitrous oxide production in the subtropical North Pacific based on determinations of the isotopic abundances of nitrous oxide and di-oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Prinn RG, Weiss RF, Fraser PJ, Simmonds PG, Cunnold DM, Alyea FN, O'Doherty S, Salameh P, Miller BR, Huang J, Wang RHJ, Hartley DE, Harth C, Steele LP, Sturrock G, Midgley PM, McCulloch A. A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seitzinger SP, Kroeze C, Styles RV. Global distribution of N2O emissions from aquatic systems: natural emissions and anthropogenic effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tohjima Y, Mukai H, Maksyutov S, Takahashi Y, Machida T, Katsumoto M, Fujinuma Y. Variations in atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at Hateruma monitoring station. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nevison C. Review of the IPCC methodology for estimating nitrous oxide emissions associated with agricultural leaching and runoff. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bouwman A, Taylor J, Kroeze C. Testing hypotheses on global emissions of nitrous oxide using atmospheric models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Esler M, Griffith D, Turatti F, Wilson S, Rahn T, Zhang H. N2O concentration and flux measurements and complete isotopic analysis by FTIR spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Venterea RT, Rolston DE. Nitric and nitrous oxide emissions following fertilizer application to agricultural soil: Biotic and abiotic mechanisms and kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chao CC, Young CC, Wang YP, Chao WL. Daily and seasonal nitrous oxide fluxes in soils from hardwood forest and different agroecosystems of Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Upstill-Goddard RC, Barnes J, Owens NJP. Nitrous oxide and methane during the 1994 SW monsoon in the Arabian Sea/northwestern Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the top three greenhouse gases whose emissions may be brought under control through the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Current understanding of its global budget, including the balance of natural and anthropogenic sources, is largely based on the atmospheric losses calculated with chemical models. A representative one-dimensional model used here describes the photochemical coupling between N2O and stratospheric ozone (O3), which can easily be decomposed into its natural modes. The primary, longest lived mode describes most of the atmospheric perturbation due to anthropogenic N2O sources, and this pattern may be observable. The photolytic link between O3 and N2O is identified as the mechanism causing this mode to decay 10 to 15 percent more rapidly than the N2O mean atmospheric lifetime, affecting the inference of anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Prather
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA. E-mail:
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Wang C, Prinn RG, Sokolov A. A global interactive chemistry and climate model: Formulation and testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mahowald NM, Prinn RG, Rasch PJ. Deducing CCl3F emissions using an inverse method and chemical transport models with assimilated winds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nevison C, Holland E. A reexamination of the impact of anthropogenically fixed nitrogen on atmospheric N2O and the stratospheric O3layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Avallone LM, Prather MJ. Tracer-tracer correlations: Three-dimensional model simulations and comparisons to observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lou GP, Alyea FN, Cunnold DM, Kindler TP. N2O transport in a three-dimensional model driven by U. K. Meteorological Office winds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kaufmann RK, Stern DI. Evidence for human influence on climate from hemispheric temperature relations. Nature 1997. [DOI: 10.1038/40332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bakwin PS, Hurst DF, Tans PP, Elkins JW. Anthropogenic sources of halocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon monoxide, and methane in the southeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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