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Pena-Castellanos G, Smith BRE, Pomés A, Smith SA, Stigler MA, Widauer HL, Versteeg SA, van Ree R, Chapman MD, Aglas L. Biological activity of human IgE monoclonal antibodies targeting Der p 2, Fel d 1, Ara h 2 in basophil mediator release assays. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155613. [PMID: 37228609 PMCID: PMC10203493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibodies (hIgE mAb) are unique tools for investigating IgE responses. Here, the biological activity of hIgE mAb, derived from immortalized B cells harvested from the blood of allergic donors, targeting three allergens (Der p 2, Fel d 1 and Ara h 2) was investigated. Methods Three Der p 2-, three Fel d 1- and five Ara h 2-specific hIgE mAb produced by human B cell hybridomas, were combined in pairs and used to passively sensitize humanized rat basophilic leukemia cells and compared with sensitization using serum pools. Sensitized cells were stimulated with corresponding allergens (recombinant or purified), allergen extracts or structural homologs, having 40-88% sequence similarity, and compared for mediator (β-hexosaminidase) release. Results One, two and eight pairs of Der p 2-, Fel d 1- and Ara h 2-specific hIgE mAb, respectively, produced significant mediator release (>50%). A minimum hIgE mAb concentration of 15-30 kU/L and a minimum antigen concentration between 0.01-0.1 µg/mL were sufficient to induce a pronounced mediator release. Individual sensitization with one Ara h 2-specific hIgE mAb was able to induce crosslinking independently of a second specific hIgE mAb. Der p 2- and Ara h 2-specific mAb showed a high allergen specificity when compared to homologs. Mediator release from cells sensitized with hIgE mAb was comparable to serum sensitization. Conclusion The biological activity of hIgE mAb reported here provides the foundation for novel methods of standardization and quality control of allergen products and for mechanistic studies of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, using hIgE mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Pomés
- InBio, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria A. Stigler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannah L. Widauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Serge A. Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Stoffersen P, Skov PS, Poulsen LK, Jensen BM. The Allergen-Specific IgE Concentration Is Important for Optimal Histamine Release From Passively Sensitized Basophils. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:875119. [PMID: 35769579 PMCID: PMC9234936 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.875119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The basophil histamine release (HR) assay can be used for allergy diagnosis in addition to the conventional measurement of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE). Passive sensitization of basophils increases the versatility and allows testing the biological relevance of allergen-induced IgE cross-linking in any serum unbiased by the cellular component. However, not all the patient sera perform equally well and we hypothesized that the absolute level and fraction of sIgE affect the performance. Choosing birch pollen allergy as a model, we investigated the concentration of sIgE needed for successful passive sensitization using soluble- or matrix-fixed Bet v 1. Methods Twenty-eight sera with Bet v 1 sIgE [7 sera within each allergy class (1: 0.1–0.70 kUA/L, 2: 0.71–3.50 kUA/L, 3: 3.51–17.50 kUA/L, and 4+: >17.50 kUA/L)] and a negative control serum pool were used to passively sensitize donor basophils, obtained from buffy coat blood (n = 3). The cells were incubated (30 min) with a soluble allergen (rBet v 1 from 0.2 to 50 ng/ml), matrix-fixed allergen (ImmunoCAP™ containing recombinant Bet v 1), or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin mixture (maximal HR) and released histamine was quantified fluorometrically. Results The lowest level of Bet v 1 sIgE generating a detectable HR (HR > 10% of maximal release) in all the 3 runs was found to be 1.25 kUA/L (corresponding to allergy class 2, 0.71–3.50 kUA/L). Furthermore, sera from allergy classes 3 and 4+ ascertained a significant reproducible HR: 42/42 vs. 5/21 in allergy class 1 and 15/21 in allergy class 2. Using ImmunoCAP™s containing Bet v 1 as a matrix-fixed allergen system, similar results were obtained where the lowest sIgE concentration mediating an HR was 1.68 kUA/L and 7/7 for both allergy classes 3 and 4+. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the IgE titer is strikingly robust in predicting the ability to sensitize basophils and produce a measurable HR.
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Zheng M, Lin Y, Xu J, Gao J, Gong W, Xie S, Yu Y, Lin J. Study on degranulation of mast cells under C48/80 treatment by electroporation-assisted and ultrasound-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectrascopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120331. [PMID: 34536894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both electroporation-assisted and ultrasound-assisted delivery methods can rapidly deliver nanoparticles into living cells for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, but these two methods have never been compared. In this study, electroporation-assisted SERS and ultrasound-assisted SERS were employed to detect the biochemical changes of degranulated mast cells induced by mast cell stimulator (C48/80). The results showed that the cell damage of electroporation based on controllable electric pulse was smaller than that of ultrasound based on cavitation. Transmission electron microscope images of cells indicated that the nanoparticles delivered by electroporation were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, while ultrasound could transport nanoparticles to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Therefore, electroporation-assisted SERS mainly detects the biochemical information of cytoplasm, while ultrasound-assisted SERS gets more spectral signals of nucleic acid. Both methods can obtain high quality SERS signal of cells. With drug treatment, the SERS peak intensity of 733 cm-1 attributed to phosphatidylserine decreased significantly, which may be due to the activation of mast cell degranulation pathway stimulated by C48/80 agonist, resulting in a large amount of intracellular serine being used to synthesize tryptase, while the production of phosphatidylserine decreased. Further, based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA approach), ultrasound-assisted SERS could achieve better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the discrimination and identification of drug-treated degranulated mast cells than electroporation assisted SERS. This exploratory work is helpful to realize the real-time dynamic SERS detection of intracellular biochemical components, and it also has great potential in intracellular SERS analysis, such as the cytotoxicity assay of anti-tumor drugs or cancer cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yamin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Juqiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Luo C, Chen G, Ahmed I, Sun L, Li W, Pavase TR, Li Z. Immunostimulatory and allergenic properties of emulsified and non-emulsified digestion products of parvalbumin ( Scophthalmus maximus) in RBL-2H3 cells and BALB/c mouse models. Food Funct 2021; 12:5351-5360. [PMID: 33982680 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of lipid emulsion on the allergenicity of digestion products of fish parvalbumin (PV) was investigated, which was initially subjected to simulated gastric/intestinal digestion both under emulsified and non-emulsified conditions. The release of β-hexosaminidase (β-hex), histamine (His), tryptase (TPS), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and IL-13 in RBL cells was decreased by 79.32, 26.19, 41.67, 53.95 and 54.40%, respectively, following stimulation with the gastric digestion products of PV. Whereas, lipid emulsified digestion products of PV (e-PV) significantly enhanced the release of active mediators and cytokines. The digestion products of emulsified PV at 180 min resulted in a higher release of β-hex (197.60%), His (12.18%), TPS (38.85%), IL-4 (48.19%) and IL-13 (59.40%), as compared to that of PV. However, no obvious differences in the release of active substances and cytokines were noted between intestinal digestion products of PV and intestinal digestion products of emulsified PV. In the mouse model studies, digested PV products reduced the anaphylactic scores, whereas e-PV manifested a higher level of allergic symptoms. Moreover, mice treated with 50% e-PV had significantly higher levels of specific IgE (32.56%), total IgE (16.67%) and total IgG1 (5.15%) than those treated with 50% PV. Mice treated with 50% e-PV had significantly higher levels of His (8.50%) and TPS (10.07%) compared with mice treated with 50% PV. Lipid emulsions altered the digestibility of PV in gastrointestinal digestion and enhanced the allergenicity of PV digestion products at the cellular levels, subsequently posing a higher risk of allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China. and College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
| | - Lirui Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Li
- Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, PR China. and College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
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Mohamed OE, Baretto RL, Walker I, Melchior C, Heslegrave J, Mckenzie R, Hullur C, Ekbote A, Krishna MT. Empty mast cell syndrome: fallacy or fact? J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:250-256. [PMID: 31831575 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-anaphylaxis mast cell anergy (PAMA), commonly referred to as 'empty mast cell (MC) syndrome', is a state of temporary loss of cutaneous MC reactivity in the immediate aftermath of anaphylaxis. Data relating to this condition are sparse and the incidence rate is currently unknown. PAMA has been described only in a few published case reports in the context of hymenoptera venom allergy and perioperative anaphylaxis. Best practice guidelines regarding optimal timing for performing skin tests postanaphylaxis are largely based on expert opinion, and allergy work-up has been recommended after 4-6 weeks postanaphylaxis to avoid false-negative results.This article provides a review of clinical literature surrounding PAMA, critically evaluates intracellular events in MCs from in vitro data and hypothesises regarding plausible immune mechanisms. There are no published data to directly explain molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Although not evidence based, PAMA has been attributed to depletion of MC granules following anaphylaxis. It is also plausible that exposure to high allergen concentrations in anaphylaxis can induce a temporary shift in MCs towards dominance of inhibitory signalling pathways, thus contributing to a state of transient hyporesponsiveness observed in some patients. Other potential contributory factors for reduced MC reactivity include downregulation of FcεRI expression, cross-linking of FcεRI to the inhibitory, low-affinity IgG receptors and administration of pharmacotherapeutic agents for anaphylaxis treatment. It is likely that this interesting phenomenon can be explained by a combination of these proposed mechanisms in addition to other genetic/host factors that have not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E Mohamed
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard L Baretto
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Walker
- Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cathryn Melchior
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Heslegrave
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth Mckenzie
- Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chidanand Hullur
- Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anjali Ekbote
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
- Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ethanol Extract of Sesamum indicum Linn. Inhibits Fc εRI-Mediated Allergic Reaction via Regulation of Lyn/Syk and Fyn Signaling Pathways in Rat Basophilic Leukemic RBL-2H3 Mast Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5914396. [PMID: 31686984 PMCID: PMC6811790 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5914396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at determining whether Sesamum indicum Linn. beneficially influences FcεRI-mediated allergic reactions in RBL-2H3 mast cells; it is also aimed at further investigating Lyn/Fyn and Syk signaling pathways. To examine the antiallergic effect of Sesamum indicum Linn. extract (SIE), we treated antigen/immunoglobulin E- (IgE-) sensitized mast cells with extracts of various concentrations. We examined the degranulation release and concentrations of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, the expressions of genes involved in the FcεRI and arachidonate signaling pathways were examined. SIE inhibited the degranulation and secretion of inflammatory mediators in antigen/IgE-sensitized mast cells. SIE reduced the expressions of FcεRI signaling-related genes, such as Syk, Lyn, and Fyn, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in antigen/IgE-sensitized mast cells. Additionally, in late allergic responses, SIE reduced PGD2 release and COX-2 and cPLA2 phosphorylation expression in FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Lastly, 250–500 mg/kg SIE significantly attenuated the Ag/IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. The potent effect of SIE on RBL-2H3 mast cell activation indicates that the extract could potentially be used as a novel inhibitor against allergic reactions.
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7
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Effect of Rhus verniciflua Extract on IgE-Antigen-Mediated Allergic Reaction in Rat Basophilic Leukemic RBL-2H3 Mast Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6497691. [PMID: 31687037 PMCID: PMC6811800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6497691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua is widely known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiaging efficacy and α-glucosidase inhibition. This study was designed whether Rhus verniciflua extracts inhibit the IgE-antigen-mediated allergic reaction in RBL-2H3 mast cells, and it further investigated the FcεRI- and arachidonate-signaling by which Rhus verniciflua extracts exert its antiallergic effects. IgE-antigen-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells were investigated for the cytotoxicity of Rhus verniciflua extracts and β-hexosaminidase release, and inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, histamine, and PGD2) were then assessed. Additionally, we examined expressions of genes involved in arachidonate- and FcεRI-signaling pathway in RBL-2H3. Rhus verniciflua extracts inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and production of the inflammatory mediators in RBL-2H3. Rhus verniciflua extracts reduced amounts of histamine and expressions of FcεRI signaling-related genes such as Lyn and Syk and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in mast cells. Finally, in late allergic responses, Rhus verniciflua extracts reduced PGD2 release and COX-2 and cPLA2 phosphorylation expressions from IgE-antigen-mediated mast cells. Lastly, 250–500 mg/kg RVE significantly attenuated the Ag/IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. These findings provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiallergy properties of Rhus verniciflua extracts in FcɛRI-mediated allergic reaction.
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Madera-Salcedo IK, Danelli L, Tiwari N, Dema B, Pacreau E, Vibhushan S, Birnbaum J, Agabriel C, Liabeuf V, Klingebiel C, Menasche G, Macias-Silva M, Benhamou M, Charles N, González-Espinosa C, Vitte J, Blank U. Tomosyn functions as a PKCδ-regulated fusion clamp in mast cell degranulation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/537/eaan4350. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Debnath T, Lee YM, Lim JH, Lim BO. Anti-allergic and anti-atopic dermatitis effects of Gardenia Fructus extract. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1436523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Debnath
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Ji Hong Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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10
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Bulfone-Paus S, Nilsson G, Draber P, Blank U, Levi-Schaffer F. Positive and Negative Signals in Mast Cell Activation. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:657-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Balseiro-Gomez S, Flores JA, Acosta J, Ramirez-Ponce MP, Ales E. Transient fusion ensures granule replenishment to enable repeated release after IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3989-4000. [PMID: 27624612 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure normal immune function, mast cells employ different pathways to release mediators. Here, we report a thus far unknown capacity of mast cells to recycle and reuse secretory granules after an antigen-evoked degranulation process under physiological conditions; this phenomenon involves the existence of a recycling secretory granule pool that is available for release in a short time scale. Rapid endocytic modes contributed to the recycling of ∼60% of the total secretory granule population, which involved kiss-and-run and cavicapture mechanisms, causing retention of the intragranular matrix. We found the presence of normal-size granules and giant actomyosin- and dynamin-dependent granules, which were characterized by large quantal content. These large structures allowed the recovered mast cells to release a large amount of 5-HT, compensating for the decrease in the number of exocytosed secretory granules. This work uncovers a new physiological role of the exo-endocytosis cycle in the immunological plasticity of mast cells and reveals a new property of their biological secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Balseiro-Gomez
- Departamento Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan A Flores
- Departamento Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jorge Acosta
- Departamento Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Pilar Ramirez-Ponce
- Departamento Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Ales
- Departamento Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de 41009 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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He XF, Pan WD, Yao YL, Zhang HM. Recent highlights of Chinese herbs in treatment of allergic disease: Acting via mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:570-573. [PMID: 27460493 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The histamine receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic disease have limitations. The treatments of Chinese herbs have some curative effects on allergic skin lesions. Present research indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway might be equally important in allergic reactions. It was found that the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways might relieve allergy symptoms, and some herbs can inhibit the MAPK pathway, which yields anti-allergy effects. Chinese medicines (CMs) have immense potential in the development of treatments for allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng He
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Li Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of an innovative huFcεRIα-RBL-2H3 degranulation assay for in vitro allergenicity assessment of whey hydrolysates. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 33:29-34. [PMID: 26921666 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk-derived whey hydrolysates are milk substitutes for cow's milk allergic infants. Safety assessment of these hydrolysates is crucial. Currently, huFcεRIα-RBL-2H3 cells, sensitized with serum IgE from cow's milk allergic patients, are used to assess in vitro residual allergenicity. However, limited availability and high inter-lot variation of sera impede the standardization of safety testing. Recently, we generated an oligoclonal pool of chimeric human (chu)IgE antibodies against bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) as an alternative for human serum. These antibodies demonstrated increased sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. An inter-laboratory ring trial using our new degranulation assay with different whey-based hydrolysates was performed at four independent laboratories to investigate the robustness and reproducibility. RBL-2H3 cells expressing huFcεRIα were sensitized with our oligoclonal pool of anti-BLG chuIgE antibodies. The cells were subsequently incubated with an amino-acid based formula (AAF), two extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHF) and three partially hydrolyzed formulas (pHF) to assess the degranulation upon challenge. Results demonstrated a very strong inter-laboratory correlation and the intra- and inter-laboratory variations were acceptable. The AAF and both eHFs showed no degranulation, whereas all pHFs demonstrated degranulation. The study showed that this degranulation assay is robust and reproducible within and between laboratories. This new in vitro degranulation assay seems predictive for allergenicity outcome and might therefore be considered as a relevant substitute for animal models.
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14
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Falcone FH, Alcocer MJC, Okamoto-Uchida Y, Nakamura R. Use of humanized rat basophilic leukemia reporter cell lines as a diagnostic tool for detection of allergen-specific IgE in allergic patients: time for a reappraisal? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 15:67. [PMID: 26452547 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between allergens and specific IgE is at the heart of the allergic response and as such lies at the center of techniques used for diagnosis of allergic sensitization. Although serological tests are available, in vivo tests such as double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) and skin prick test (SPT) associated to the patients' clinical history are still the main guides to clinicians in many practices around the world. More recently, complex protein arrays and basophil activation tests, requiring only small amounts of whole blood, have been developed and refined, but are yet to enter clinical practice. Similarly, the use of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell lines for detection of allergen-specific IgE has been made possible by stable transfection of the human FcεRI α chain into this cell line more than 20 years ago, but has not found widespread acceptance among clinicians. Here, we review the perceived limitations of diagnostic applications of humanized RBL systems. Furthermore, we illustrate how the introduction of reporter genes into humanized RBL cells is able to overcome most of these limitations, and has the potential to become a new powerful tool to complement the armamentarium of allergists. A demonstration of the usefulness of humanized RBL reporter systems for elucidation of complex IgE sensitization patterns against wheat proteins and a section on the use of fluorescence-based reporter systems in combination with allergen arrays close the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco H Falcone
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Science Road, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Marcos J C Alcocer
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, Nottingham, UK
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Wan D, Ludolf F, Alanine DGW, Stretton O, Ali Ali E, Al-Barwary N, Wang X, Doenhoff MJ, Mari A, Fitzsimmons CM, Dunne DW, Nakamura R, Oliveira GC, Alcocer MJC, Falcone FH. Use of humanised rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RS-ATL8 for the assessment of allergenicity of Schistosoma mansoni proteins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3124. [PMID: 25254513 PMCID: PMC4177753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parasite-specific IgE is thought to correlate with protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection or re-infection. Only a few molecular targets of the IgE response in S. mansoni infection have been characterised. A better insight into the basic mechanisms of anti-parasite immunity could be gained from a genome-wide characterisation of such S. mansoni allergens. This would have repercussions on our understanding of allergy and the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations against helminthic parasites. Methodology/Principal Findings A complete medium- to high-throughput amenable workflow, including important quality controls, is described, which enables the rapid translation of S. mansoni proteins using wheat germ lysate and subsequent assessment of potential allergenicity with a humanised Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) reporter cell line. Cell-free translation is completed within 90 minutes, generating sufficient amounts of parasitic protein for rapid screening of allergenicity without any need for purification. Antigenic integrity is demonstrated using Western Blotting. After overnight incubation with infected individuals' serum, the RS-ATL8 reporter cell line is challenged with the complete wheat germ translation mixture and Luciferase activity measured, reporting cellular activation by the suspected allergen. The suitability of this system for characterization of novel S. mansoni allergens is demonstrated using well characterised plant and parasitic allergens such as Par j 2, SmTAL-1 and the IgE binding factor IPSE/alpha-1, expressed in wheat germ lysates and/or E. coli. SmTAL-1, but not SmTAL2 (used as a negative control), was able to activate the basophil reporter cell line. Conclusion/Significance This method offers an accessible way for assessment of potential allergenicity of anti-helminthic vaccine candidates and is suitable for medium- to high-throughput studies using infected individual sera. It is also suitable for the study of the basis of allergenicity of helminthic proteins. Infection with parasitic helminths is characterised by a marked elevation of total and parasite-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is widely believed that this IgE response has evolved to protect hosts against large metazoan parasites. Such a protective function has been well characterised in particular against members of the genus Schistosoma. However, with a few notable exceptions, the molecular targets of the IgE response and the downstream immunological mechanisms leading to host protection are not well understood. The molecular targets of a specific IgE response are by definition called allergens. While almost 3,000 different allergens, contained in e.g. plant pollen or seeds, moulds or animal materials, have been characterised at the molecular level, and are listed and described in databases such as the Allergome database (www.allergome.org), only a few dozen allergens have been characterised in parasitic helminths. A more detailed understanding of the molecular targets of the anti-helminth IgE response can not only be expected to further our basic understanding of protective immune responses and allergy in general–such knowledge can also be expected to have important repercussions on the production of safe and effective anti-helminthic vaccines. This research describes a novel approach suitable for genome-wide functional identification of allergens in S. mansoni and other parasites, paving the way for the identification of the Schistosoma allergome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. W. Alanine
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Stretton
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eman Ali Ali
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nafal Al-Barwary
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Doenhoff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Mari
- Center for Molecular Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Associated Centres for Molecular Allergology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David W. Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guilherme C. Oliveira
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos J. C. Alcocer
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ;
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Zhang T, Han S, Liu Q, Guo Y, He L. Analysis of allergens in tubeimu saponin extracts by using rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cell-based affinity chromatography coupled to liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3384-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
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Blank U, Madera-Salcedo IK, Danelli L, Claver J, Tiwari N, Sánchez-Miranda E, Vázquez-Victorio G, Ramírez-Valadez KA, Macias-Silva M, González-Espinosa C. Vesicular trafficking and signaling for cytokine and chemokine secretion in mast cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:453. [PMID: 25295038 PMCID: PMC4170139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation mast cells (MCs) secrete numerous inflammatory compounds stored in their cytoplasmic secretory granules by a process called anaphylactic degranulation, which is responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses. Prestored mediators include histamine and MC proteases but also some cytokines and growth factors making them available within minutes for a maximal biological effect. Degranulation is followed by the de novo synthesis of lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes as well as a vast array of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which are responsible for late phase inflammatory responses. While lipid mediators diffuse freely out of the cell through lipid bilayers, both anaphylactic degranulation and secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors depends on highly regulated vesicular trafficking steps that occur along the secretory pathway starting with the translocation of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Vesicular trafficking in MCs also intersects with endocytic routes, notably to form specialized cytoplasmic granules called secretory lysosomes. Some of the mediators like histamine reach granules via specific vesicular monoamine transporters directly from the cytoplasm. In this review, we try to summarize the available data on granule biogenesis and signaling events that coordinate the complex steps that lead to the release of the inflammatory mediators from the various vesicular carriers in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blank
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Iris Karina Madera-Salcedo
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Luca Danelli
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Julien Claver
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- INSERM UMRS 1149 , Paris , France ; CNRS ERL8252 , Paris , France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX , Paris , France
| | | | - Genaro Vázquez-Victorio
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México City , México
| | | | - Marina Macias-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México City , México
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Knipping K, Simons PJ, Buelens-Sleumer LS, Cox L, den Hartog M, de Jong N, Teshima R, Garssen J, Boon L, Knippels LMJ. Development of β-lactoglobulin-specific chimeric human IgEκ monoclonal antibodies for in vitro safety assessment of whey hydrolysates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106025. [PMID: 25153680 PMCID: PMC4143325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cow’s milk-derived whey hydrolysates are nutritional substitutes for allergic infants. Safety or residual allergenicity assessment of these whey hydrolysates is crucial. Currently, rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells expressing the human IgE receptor α-chain (huFcεRIα-RBL-2H3), sensitized with serum IgE from cow’s milk allergic children, are being employed to assess in vitro residual allergenicity of these whey hydrolysates. However, limited availability and inter-lot variation of these allergic sera impede standardization of whey hydrolysate safety testing in degranulation assays. Objective An oligoclonal pool of chimeric human (chu)IgE antibodies against bovine β-lactoglobulin (a major allergen in whey) was generated to increase sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of existing degranulation assays. Methods Mice were immunized with bovine β-lactoglobulin, and subsequently the variable domains of dissimilar anti-β-lactoglobulin mouse IgG antibodies were cloned and sequenced. Six chimeric antibodies were generated comprising mouse variable domains and human constant IgE/κ domains. Results After sensitization with this pool of anti-β-lactoglobulin chuIgEs, huFcεRIα-expressing RBL-2H3 cells demonstrated degranulation upon cross-linking with whey, native 18 kDa β-lactoglobulin, and 5–10 kDa whey hydrolysates, whereas a 3 kDa whey hydrolysate and cow’s milk powder (mainly casein) showed no degranulation. In parallel, allergic serum IgEs were less sensitive. In addition, our pool anti-β-lactoglobulin chuIgEs recognized multiple allergenic immunodominant regions on β-lactoglobulin, which were also recognized by serum IgEs from cow’s milk allergic children. Conclusion Usage of our ‘unlimited’ source and well-defined pool of β-lactoglobulin-specific recombinant chuIgEs to sensitize huFcεRIα on RBL-2H3 cells showed to be a relevant and sensitive alternative for serum IgEs from cow’s milk allergic patients to assess safety of whey-based non-allergic hydrolyzed formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Knipping
- Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (KK); (PS)
| | - Peter J. Simons
- Bioceros Holding B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (KK); (PS)
| | | | - Linda Cox
- Bioceros Holding B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Reiko Teshima
- Division of Foods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johan Garssen
- Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros Holding B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Léon M. J. Knippels
- Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Cell-based immunological assay: complementary applications in evaluating the allergenicity of foods with FAO/WHO guidelines. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Sun N, Zhou C, Zhou X, Sun L, Che H. Use of a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunological assay for allergen identification, clinical diagnosis of allergy, and identification of anti-allergy agents for use in immunotherapy. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:199-205. [PMID: 24920006 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.920063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an important public health problem that affects an estimated 8% of young children and 2% of adults. With an increasing interest in genetically-engineered foods, there is a growing need for development of sensitive and specific tests to evaluate potential allergenicity of foods and novel proteins as well as to determine allergic responses to ensure consumer safety. This review covers progress made in the field of development of cell models, specifically that involving a rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell-based immunoassay, for use in allergen identification, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The RBL assay has been extensively employed for determining biologically relevant cross-reactivities of food proteins, assessing the effect of processing on the allergenicity of food proteins, diagnosing allergic responses to whole-food products, and identifying anti-allergy food compounds. From the review of the literature, one might conclude the RBL cell-based assay is a better test system when compared to wild-type mast cell and basophil model systems for use in allergen identification, diagnosis, and analyses of potential immunotherapeutics. However, it is important to emphasize that this assay will only be able to identify those allergens to which the human has already been exposed, but will not identify a truly novel allergen, i.e. one that has never been encountered as in its preferred (humanized) configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China and
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21
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Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5, a target molecule of vialinin A, is a key molecule of TNF-α production in RBL-2H3 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80931. [PMID: 24349023 PMCID: PMC3857809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a central mediator of the inflammatory response, is released from basophilic cells and other cells in response to a variety of proinflammatory stimuli. Vialinin A is a potent inhibitor of TNF-α production and is released from RBL-2H3 cells. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5), a deubiquitinating enzyme, was identified as a target molecule of vialinin A and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by vialinin A. Here we report production of TNF-α is decreased in USP5 siRNA-knockdown RBL-2H3 cells, compared with control cells. The finding of the present study strongly suggests that USP5 is one of the essential molecules for the production of TNF-α in RBL-2H3.
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22
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Blank U, Falcone FH, Nilsson G. The history of mast cell and basophil research - some lessons learnt from the last century. Allergy 2013; 68:1093-101. [PMID: 23991682 DOI: 10.1111/all.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This year (2013) marks the 50th anniversary of death of Otto Carl Willy Prausnitz (1876-1963) and Heinz Küstner (1897-1963). The two physicians, when working at the Hygiene Institute at the University of Breslau, Germany (Prausnitz was the Head of the Institute), described in 1921 what is still called today the Prausnitz-Küstner or PK reaction showing that allergy could be transferred from the allergic person by transferring serum to a healthy person. Their discovery ended the belief that an anaphylactic/allergic reaction was caused by poisons, but to the contrary showed that the presence of the hypersensitivity factor could be transferred to other people. We know now that this factor is immunoglobulin E (IgE), sensitizing mast cells and basophils to respond to an allergic stimulus. We take this occasion to retrace some of the important discoveries and lessons learnt from the last century relating to the function of these two cell types as effectors of the IgE system and the mediators they produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F. H. Falcone
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science; School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham; UK
| | - G. Nilsson
- Department of Medicine; Clinical Immunology and Allergy; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
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23
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Chung MJ, Sohng JK, Choi DJ, Park YI. Inhibitory effect of phloretin and biochanin A on IgE-mediated allergic responses in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Life Sci 2013; 93:401-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rayees S, Kumar A, Rasool S, Kaiser P, Satti NK, Sangwan PL, Singh S, Johri RK, Singh G. Ethanolic Extract ofAlternanthera sessilis(AS-1) Inhibits IgE-mediated Allergic Response in RBL-2H3 Cells. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:470-80. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.789909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Duarte J, Herbert F, Guiyedi V, Franetich JF, Roland J, Cazenave PA, Mazier D, Kombila M, Fesel C, Pied S. High Levels of Immunoglobulin E Autoantibody to 14-3-3 Protein Correlate With Protection Against Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1781-9. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Anti-allergic activity of emodin on IgE-mediated activation in RBL-2H3 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Gourbeyre P, Denery-Papini S, Larré C, Gaudin JC, Brossard C, Bodinier M. Wheat gliadins modified by deamidation are more efficient than native gliadins in inducing a Th2 response in Balb/c mice experimentally sensitized to wheat allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:336-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Park KL, Ko NY, Lee JH, Kim DK, Kim HS, Kim AR, Her E, Kim B, Kim HS, Moon EY, Kim YM, Kim HR, Choi WS. 4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline inhibits activation of Syk kinase to suppress mast cells in vitro and mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:235-41. [PMID: 21958720 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline is a quinoxaline derivative. We aimed to study the effects of 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline on activation of mast cells in vitro and in mice. 4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline reversibly inhibited degranulation of mast cells in a dose-dependent manner, and also suppressed the expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-4 in mast cells. Mechanistically, 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline inhibited activating phosphorylation of Syk and LAT, which are crucial for early FcεRI-mediated signaling events, as well as Akt and MAP kinases, which play essential roles in the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. Notably, although 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline inhibited the activation of Fyn and Syk, minimal inhibition was observed in mast cells in the case of Lyn. Furthermore, consistent with its in vitro activity, 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline significantly suppressed mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. In summary, the results from this study demonstrate that 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline shows an inhibitory effect on mast cells in vitro and in vivo, and that this is mediated by inhibiting the activation of Syk in mast cells. Therefore, 4-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline could be useful in the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Lea Park
- Center for Drug Development Assistance, National Institute of Food Drug Safety Evaluation, KFDA, Cheongwon-gun, Republic of Korea
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Piboonpocanun S, Jirapongsananuruk O, Tipayanon T, Boonchoo S, Goodman RE. Identification of hemocyanin as a novel non-cross-reactive allergen from the giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1492-8. [PMID: 21656669 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Sensitization to giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr) was recently reported. However, the allergens have yet to be identified. This study aimed to identify and characterize a novel allergen of Mr shrimp. METHODS AND RESULTS Extracted proteins were separated and purified by anion and in some experiments, size-exclusion chromatography. Serum IgE from shrimp allergic donors identified a candidate protein, which was characterized by LC-MS/MS. The specificity of IgE binding was tested using immunoblotting and inhibition ELISA. The IgE-binding profiles from 12 of 13 Mr allergic subjects that were pre-incubated with an extract of Penaeus monodon showed residual binding to ~60-80 kDa proteins. The 60-80 kDa IgE-bound proteins were fractionated in the flow-through of anion chromatography showing a high IgE reactivity. Peptides identified by LC-MS/MS showed the proteins closely match subunits of hemocyanin (Hcs). Purified Hcs from hemolymph markedly inhibited binding of IgE from sera of Mr allergic subjects to solid-phased Mr proteins in inhibition ELISA. CONCLUSION Hcs were identified as heat-stable, non-cross-reactive, high-molecular-weight (MW) allergens from Mr shrimp. Since circulatory organs are not always removed during food preparation, high concentrations of Hcs may be present along with shrimp meat, which contains the known cross-reactive tropomyosin protein.
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Inhibitory effect of Pleurotus eryngii extracts on the activities of allergic mediators in antigen-stimulated mast cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1416-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Han EH, Hwang YP, Kim HG, Park JH, Choi JH, Im JH, Khanal T, Park BH, Yang JH, Choi JM, Chun SS, Seo JK, Chung YC, Jeong HG. Ethyl acetate extract of Psidium guajava inhibits IgE-mediated allergic responses by blocking FcεRI signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:100-8. [PMID: 20934477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Psidium guajava (P. guajava) is an important food crop and medicinal plant with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities, supporting its traditional uses. However, its precise effects remain unknown. We investigated the effects of P. guajava ethyl acetate extract (PGEA) on IgE-mediated allergic responses in rat mast RBL-2H3 cells. PGEA reduced antigen (DNP-BSA)-induced release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, it inhibited antigen-induced IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA expression and protein production in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. PGEA also suppressed antigen-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in these cells, as well as antigen-induced activation of NFAT and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, it inhibited antigen-induced activation of NF-κB and degradation of IκB-α. To identify the mechanisms underpinning the inhibition of degranulation and cytokine production by PGEA, we examined the activation of intracellular FcεRI signaling molecules. PGEA suppressed antigen-induced phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, Gab2, and PLCγ2 but not Lyn, and inhibited antigen-induced phosphorylation of downstream signaling intermediates including MAP kinases and Akt. Collectively, the anti-allergic effects of PGEA in vitro suggest its possible therapeutic application to inflammatory allergic diseases, in which its inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and FcεRI-dependent signaling events in mast cells may be hugely beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Benhamou M, Blank U. Stimulus-secretion coupling by high-affinity IgE receptor: new developments. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4941-8. [PMID: 20851120 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of mast cells through their high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) leads to the secretion of pre- and neoformed soluble mediators through vesicular carriers. This process is highly regulated in order to adapt the secretion of these potentially dangerous factors to the physiological needs. This regulation requires numerous essential effectors that are necessary to transmit the initial signal of FcεRI aggregation and couple it to the sophisticated secretory machinery of membrane fusion. Studies in recent years have led to the discovery of a series of new effector molecules that link FcεRI to secretion. We describe here some of the new developments that have allowed to obtain a clearer picture of stimulus/secretion coupling in mast cells.
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Han EH, Park JH, Kim JY, Jeong HG. Houttuynia cordata water extract suppresses anaphylactic reaction and IgE-mediated allergic response by inhibiting multiple steps of FcεRI signaling in mast cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1659-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Blanc F, Adel-Patient K, Drumare MF, Paty E, Wal JM, Bernard H. Capacity of purified peanut allergens to induce degranulation in a functional in vitro assay: Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the most efficient elicitors. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1277-85. [PMID: 19538351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is a most common and potent food allergen. Many peanut allergens have been characterized using, in particular, IgE-binding studies. OBJECTIVES We optimized an in vitro functional assay to assess the capacity of peanut allergens to degranulate humanized rat basophilic leukaemia cells, RBL SX-38 cells, after sensitization by serum IgE from peanut-allergic patients. We thus compared the activity of the main peanut allergens, i.e. Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6, purified from roasted peanut. METHODS Sera of 12 peanut-allergic patients were collected and total and peanut-specific IgE were measured. They were used to sensitize RBL SX-38 cells and the degranulation was induced by incubation with ranging concentrations of a whole peanut protein extract or of purified peanut allergens. The mediator release was quantified by the determination of beta-hexosaminidase activity in the supernatant. The intensity of the degranulation was expressed as maximum release and as EC50, corresponding to the dose of allergen that induced 50% of the maximum release. RESULTS For each serum, only 10 IU/mL of human IgE was necessary to sensitize the cells and obtain an optimal degranulation. With all the allergens, the release was positively correlated with the concentration of allergen-specific IgE in the serum used to sensitize the cells. The medians of EC50 obtained for Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 were 2.1 and 2.8 pm, respectively, while they were much higher for Ara h 3 and Ara h 1 (65 and 150 pm, respectively). CONCLUSION The RBL SX-38 release assay proved to be sensitive, specific and reproducible. It allowed the comparison of the degranulation potential of different peanut allergens. For all the sera tested, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 were more potent than Ara h 1 or Ara h 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blanc
- INRA, UR496, Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
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Han EH, Park JH, Kim JY, Chung YC, Jeong HG. Inhibitory mechanism of saponins derived from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on anaphylactic reaction and IgE-mediated allergic response in mast cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1069-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nowak-Wegrzyn AH, Bencharitiwong R, Schwarz J, David G, Eggleston P, Gergen PJ, Liu AH, Pongracic JA, Sarpong S, Sampson HA. Mediator release assay for assessment of biological potency of German cockroach allergen extracts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:949-955.e1. [PMID: 19348929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroach is an important allergen in inner-city asthma. The diagnosis and treatment of cockroach allergy has been impeded by the lack of standardized cockroach extracts. OBJECTIVE We investigated the utility of a mediator release assay based on rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cells for comparing the potency of German cockroach extracts. METHODS RBL cells (line 2H3) transfected with human FcepsilonRI were passively sensitized with sera from subjects with cockroach allergy and stimulated with serial dilutions of 3 commercial cockroach extracts (1:10 weight/volume). In addition, the in-house prepared extract was tested in separate experiments with pooled sera that produced optimal performance in the RBL assay. N-hexosaminidase release (NHR) was used as a marker of RBL cell degranulation and was examined in relation to the intradermal skin test (ID(50)EAL) and serum cockroach-specific and total IgE levels. RESULTS The median cockroach-specific IgE concentration in 60 subjects was 0.72 kU(A)/L (interquartile range, 0.35-2.97 kU(A)/L); 19 sera (responders) produced a minimum 10% NHR to more than 1 extract. Responders had higher median cockroach-specific IgE (7.4 vs 1.0 kU(A)/L) and total IgE (429 vs 300 kU/L) levels than nonresponders. Ranking of extract potency was consistent between the mediator release assay and the ID(50)EAL. For the in-house prepared cockroach extract, the dose-response curves were shifted according to the concentration of the extract. NHR was reproducible between different experiments by using pooled sera. CONCLUSION The mediator release assay measures biologic potency and correlates with the ID(50)EAL. It should be further evaluated to determine whether it could be used to replace intradermal skin test titration for assessing the potency of cockroach extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Christensen LH, Holm J, Lund G, Riise E, Lund K. Several distinct properties of the IgE repertoire determine effector cell degranulation in response to allergen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thomas K, Herouet-Guicheney C, Ladics G, McClain S, MacIntosh S, Privalle L, Woolhiser M. Current and future methods for evaluating the allergenic potential of proteins: international workshop report 23-25 October 2007. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3219-25. [PMID: 18656521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The International Life Science Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Protein Allergenicity Technical Committee hosted an international workshop October 23-25, 2007, in Nice, France, to review and discuss existing and emerging methods and techniques for improving the current weight-of-evidence approach for evaluating the potential allergenicity of novel proteins. The workshop included over 40 international experts from government, industry, and academia. Their expertise represented a range of disciplines including immunology, chemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics, and toxicology. Among participants, there was consensus that (1) current bioinformatic approaches are highly conservative; (2) advances in bioinformatics using structural comparisons of proteins may be helpful as the availability of structural data increases; (3) proteomics may prove useful for monitoring the natural variability in a plant's proteome and assessing the impact of biotechnology transformations on endogenous levels of allergens, but only when analytical techniques have been standardized and additional data are available on the natural variation of protein expression in non-transgenic bred plants; (4) basophil response assays are promising techniques, but need additional evaluation around specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility; (5) additional research is required to develop and validate an animal model for the purpose of predicting protein allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karluss Thomas
- International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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Ladics GS, van Bilsen JHM, Brouwer HMH, Vogel L, Vieths S, Knippels LMJ. Assessment of three human FcepsilonRI-transfected RBL cell-lines for identifying IgE induced degranulation utilizing peanut-allergic patient sera and peanut protein extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 51:288-94. [PMID: 18534732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Specific IgE sera screening studies are employed to investigate protein cross-reactivity. Such nonfunctional immunochemical methods cannot measure the biological activity of proteins. Therefore, an assay using RBL cells transfected with human FcepsilonRI was developed. Our objective was to evaluate the degranulation of three cell-lines expressing either the alpha-(RBL-hEI(a)-2B12 and RBL-30/25cells) or alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits (RBL SX-38) of the human FcepsilonRI by beta-hexosaminidase release. Purified human IgE and serum-derived polyclonal IgE from peanut-allergic subjects following challenge with anti-IgE or peanut protein extract, respectively, were utilized. Robust degranulation was induced in all three: RBL-30/25 (84%), -hEI(a)-2B12 (54%), SX-38 (94%), respectively, using purified IgE+anti-human IgE. Good release (18%, 40-45%, and 65%, respectively) occurred for one peanut-allergic subject+peanut extract with all cell-lines. With serum from three other peanut-allergic subjects, no beta-hexosaminidase release occurred with RBL-hEI(a)-2B12 cells+peanut extract, while only serum from one subject induced good degranulation, 30% and 60%, respectively, with RBL-30/25 and RBL SX 38 cells. Consistent degranulation with a potent food allergen (peanuts) was not observed. The assay's utility in safety assessment, predictive value and reproducibility for evaluating the cross-reactivity of proteins with allergens needs further investigation with additional proteins and well-characterized sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ladics
- DuPont Company, Building 353/334, Route 141 and Henry Clay Road, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.
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Bodinier M, Brossard C, Triballeau S, Morisset M, Guérin-Marchand C, Pineau F, de Coppet P, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Blank U, Denery-Papini S. Evaluation of an in vitro mast cell degranulation test in the context of food allergy to wheat. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:307-20. [PMID: 18367844 DOI: 10.1159/000121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigenic profiles obtained by ELISA with IgE from patients with wheat food allergy (WFA) established that major allergens are albumins/globulins (AG) for children suffering from atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), omega5-gliadins for adults suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), anaphylaxis or urticaria and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits for patients with anaphylaxis. We aimed to characterize a new mast cell transfectant for its ability to degranulate with wheat proteins and patient sera and compare these results to those obtained by ELISA. METHODS Thirty sera from patients with WFA were tested: 14 with AEDS (group 1) and 16 with WDEIA, anaphylaxis or urticaria (group 2). An IgE Fc receptor (FcepsilonRI) humanized rat RBL-2H3 line was established by transfection with cDNAs encoding alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits for the human IgE receptor. RESULTS A humanized RBL clone was selected for its capacity to express mRNA alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of FcepsilonRI, to bind allergen-specific human IgE and to degranulate. In group 1, sera induced enhanced degranulation with AG extract, but rarely reacted with gliadins and glutenins. In group 2, half of the sera showed degranulation with LMW glutenins whereas the AG fraction and lipid transfer proteins were rarely positive. omega5-Gliadins did not appear as a major allergen in degranulation assays, although functional allergen-specific IgE was measurable in appreciable amounts. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that in wheat food allergen evaluation, correlation exists between mast cell degranulation and IgE measurements, depending on the type of allergen. Therefore, the biological activity of some allergen types may also be affected by other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodinier
- Unité de Recherche 1268, Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Huang F, Yamaki K, Tong X, Fu L, Zhang R, Cai Y, Yanagisawa R, Inoue KI, Takano H, Yoshino S. Inhibition of the antigen-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells by sinomenine. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:502-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cho SW, Lee HN. Immune reactions and allergy in experimental anisakiasis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2007; 44:271-83. [PMID: 17170569 PMCID: PMC2559135 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The third-stage larvae (L3) of the parasitic nematode, Anisakis simplex, have been implicated in the induction of hyperimmune allergic reactions in orally infected humans. In this work, we have conducted a review of an investigation into immune reactions occurring in animals experimentally infected with A. simplex L3. The patterns of serum antibody productions in the experimental animals against excretory-secretory products (ESP) of A. simplex L3 contributed to our current knowledge regarding specific humoral immune reactions in humans. In our review, we were able to determine that L3 infection of experimental animals may constitute a good model system for further exploration of immune mechanisms and allergy in anisakiasis of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Weon Cho
- Department of Parasitology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Total and functional parasite specific IgE responses in Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients exhibiting different clinical status. Malar J 2007; 6:1. [PMID: 17204149 PMCID: PMC1781948 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increase of serum levels of IgE during Plasmodium falciparum infections in individuals living in endemic areas. These IgEs either protect against malaria or increase malaria pathogenesis. To get an insight into the exact role played by IgE in the outcome of P. falciparum infection, total IgE levels and functional anti-parasite IgE response were studied in children and adults, from two different endemic areas Gabon and India, exhibiting either uncomplicated malaria, severe non cerebral malaria or cerebral malaria, in comparison with control individuals. Methodology and results Blood samples were collected from controls and P. falciparum-infected patients before treatment on the day of hospitalization (day 0) in India and, in addition, on days 7 and 30 after treatment in Gabon. Total IgE levels were determined by ELISA and functional P. falciparum-specific IgE were estimated using a mast cell line RBL-2H3 transfected with a human Fcε RI α-chain that triggers degranulation upon human IgE cross-linking. Mann Whitney and Kruskall Wallis tests were used to compare groups and the Spearman test was used for correlations. Total IgE levels were confirmed to increase upon infection and differ with level of transmission and age but were not directly related to the disease phenotype. All studied groups exhibited functional parasite-specific IgEs able to induce mast cell degranulation in vitro in the presence of P. falciparum antigens. Plasma IgE levels correlated with those of IL-10 in uncomplicated malaria patients from Gabon. In Indian patients, plasma IFN-γ , TNF and IL-10 levels were significantly correlated with IgE concentrations in all groups. Conclusion Circulating levels of total IgE do not appear to correlate with protection or pathology, or with anti-inflammatory cytokine pattern bias during malaria. On the contrary, the P. falciparum-specific IgE response seems to contribute to the control of parasites, since functional activity was higher in asymptomatic and uncomplicated malaria patients than in severe or cerebral malaria groups.
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Gafvelin G, Parmley S, Neimert-Andersson T, Blank U, Eriksson TLJ, van Hage M, Punnonen J. Hypoallergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy by directed molecular evolution of mite group 2 allergens. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:3778-87. [PMID: 17170112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607938200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment that provides long lasting relief of allergic symptoms. Currently, it is based on repeated administration of allergen extracts. To improve the safety and efficacy of allergen extract-based immunotherapy, application of hypoallergens, i.e. modified allergens with reduced IgE binding capacity but retained T-cell reactivity, has been proposed. It may, however, be difficult to predict how to modify an allergen to create a hypoallergen. Directed molecular evolution by DNA shuffling and screening provides a means by which to evolve proteins having novel or improved functional properties without knowledge of structure-function relationships of the target molecules. With the aim to generate hypoallergens we applied multigene DNA shuffling on three group 2 dust mite allergen genes, two isoforms of Lep d 2 and Gly d 2. DNA shuffling yielded a library of genes from which encoded shuffled allergens were expressed and screened. A positive selection was made for full-length, high-expressing clones, and screening for low binding to IgE from mite allergic patients was performed using an IgE bead-based binding assay. Nine selected shuffled allergens revealed 80-fold reduced to completely abolished IgE binding compared with the parental allergens in IgE binding competition experiments. Two hypoallergen candidates stimulated allergen-specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine production at comparable levels as the wild-type allergens in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. The two candidates also induced blocking Lep d 2-specific IgG antibodies in immunized mice. We conclude that directed molecular evolution is a powerful approach to generate hypoallergens for potential use in allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Gafvelin
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Johansson SGO, Nopp A, van Hage M, Olofsson N, Lundahl J, Wehlin L, Söderström L, Stiller V, Oman H. Passive IgE-sensitization by blood transfusion. Allergy 2005; 60:1192-9. [PMID: 16076307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the mechanisms of passive sensitization of patients receiving plasma containing IgE antibodies to a defined allergen. METHODS When required for medical reasons, regular donor plasma with IgE antibodies to timothy grass allergen (8-205 kU(A)/l), was given. Kinetics of IgE antibodies in the recipients' serum and his/her basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD-sens, was monitored up to 2-3 weeks after transfusion. The IgE antibodies were quantitated by ImmunoCAP. The CD-sens in plasma recipients, determined by CD63 up-regulation, was measured by flow cytometry and compared to CD-sens of patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis. RESULTS There was a significant correlation (r = 0.98; P < 0.001) between amount of IgE antibody given and recipient serum peak concentration. The T(1/2) for IgE antibody in circulation was 1.13 days (95% confidence limit 0.35-1.91 days). The recipients became CD-sens positive already 3 h after transfusion. The CD-sens peak was observed after 3.4 days and the value were correlated (r = 0.68; P < 0.02) to the amount of IgE antibody transfused and were of the same magnitude as found in allergic patients. The T(1/2) of CD-sens indicated two populations of basophils; one with a CD-sens decrease T(1/2) of 4 days and one of 10 days. CONCLUSION Transfused IgE antibodies will sensitize mast cells and basophils to CD-sens levels similar to those of allergic patients. The recipients expressed 'slow' or 'rapid' CD-sens decline, indicating two different basophil populations. After transfusion of plasma with >10 kU(A)/l IgE antibody the recipient could have allergen reactive basophils for up to 7 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G O Johansson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Demeure CE, Brahimi K, Hacini F, Marchand F, Péronet R, Huerre M, St-Mezard P, Nicolas JF, Brey P, Delespesse G, Mécheri S. AnophelesMosquito Bites Activate Cutaneous Mast Cells Leading to a Local Inflammatory Response and Lymph Node Hyperplasia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3932-40. [PMID: 15778349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
When Anopheles mosquitoes probe the skin for blood feeding, they inject saliva in dermal tissue. Mosquito saliva is known to exert various biological activities, but its perception by the immune system and its role in parasite transmission remain poorly understood. In the present study, we report on the cellular changes occurring in the mouse skin and draining lymph nodes after a Anopheles stephensi mosquito bite. We show that mosquito bites induce dermal mast cell degranulation, leading to fluid extravasation and neutrophil influx. This inflammatory response does not occur in mast cell-deficient W/W(v) mice, unless these are reconstituted specifically with mast cells. Mast cell activation caused by A. stephensi mosquito bites is followed by hyperplasia of the draining lymph node due to the accumulation of CD3(+), B220(+), CD11b(+), and CD11c(+) leukocytes. The T cell enrichment of the draining lymph nodes results from their sequestration from the circulation rather than local proliferation. These data demonstrate that mosquito bites and very likely saliva rapidly trigger the immune system, emphasizing the critical contribution of peripheral mast cells in inducing T cell and dendritic cell recruitment within draining lymph nodes, a prerequisite for the elicitation of T and B lymphocyte priming.
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Pasquier B, Launay P, Kanamaru Y, Moura IC, Pfirsch S, Ruffié C, Hénin D, Benhamou M, Pretolani M, Blank U, Monteiro RC. Identification of FcalphaRI as an inhibitory receptor that controls inflammation: dual role of FcRgamma ITAM. Immunity 2005; 22:31-42. [PMID: 15664157 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum IgA is considered a discrete housekeeper of the immune system with multiple anti-inflammatory functions, whereas IgA-immune complexes mediate inflammatory responses. Here, we identify FcalphaRI as a molecular device that determines the nature of IgA responses. In the absence of sustained aggregation, receptor targeting by serum IgA or anti-FcalphaRI Fab inhibits activating responses of heterologous FcgammaR or FcepsilonRI. The inhibitory mechanism involves recruitment of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 to FcalphaRI and impairment of Syk, LAT, and ERK phosphorylation induced by FcepsilonRI engagement. SHP-1 recruitment is dependent on ERK. Conversely, sustained aggregation of FcalphaRI by multimeric ligands stimulates cell activation by recruiting high amounts of Syk and aborting SHP-1 binding. Both types of signals require the FcRgamma-ITAM motif. Anti-FcalphaRI Fab treatment suppresses manifestations of allergic asthma in FcalphaRI transgenic mice. These findings redefine FcalphaRI as a bifunctional inhibitory/activating receptor of the immune system that mediates both anti- and proinflammatory functions of IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Pasquier
- INSERM U699, Bichat Medical School, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75870 Paris Cedex 18, France
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000136752.28324.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Satti MZ, Cahen P, Skov PS, Joseph S, Jones FM, Fitzsimmons C, Hoffmann KF, Reimert C, Curtis Kariuki H, Kazibwe F, Mwatha JK, Kimani G, Vennervald BJ, Ouma JH, Kabatereine NB, Dunne DW. Changes in IgE- and antigen-dependent histamine-release in peripheral blood of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Ugandan fishermen after treatment with praziquantel. BMC Immunol 2004; 5:6. [PMID: 15102330 PMCID: PMC419341 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parasite-specific IgE levels correlate with human resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma spp. after chemotherapy. Although the role of eosinophils in schistosomiasis has been the focus of a great deal of important research, the involvement of other Fcε receptor-bearing cells, such as mast cells and basophils, has not been investigated in relation to human immunity to schistosomes. Chemotherapy with praziquantel (PZQ) kills schistosomes living in an in vivo blood environment rich in IgE, eosinophils and basophils. This releases parasite Ags that have the potential to cross-link cell-bound IgE. However, systemic hypersensitivity reactions are not induced by treatment. Here, we describe the effects of schistosomiasis, and its treatment, on human basophil function by following changes in total cellular histamine and in vitro histamine-release induced by schistosome Ags or anti-IgE, in blood samples from infected Ugandan fishermen, who are continuously exposed to S. mansoni infection, before and 1-day and 21-days after PZQ treatment. Results There was a significant increase in the total cellular histamine in blood samples at 1-day post-treatment, followed by a very significant further increase by 21-days post-treatment. In vitro histamine-release induced by S. mansoni egg (SEA) or worm (SWA) Ags or anti-IgE antibody, was significantly reduced 1-day post-treatment. The degree of this reduction correlated with pre-treatment infection intensity. Twenty-1-days post-treatment, SEA-induced histamine-release was still significantly lower than at pretreatment. Histamine-release was not correlated to plasma concentrations of total or parasite-specific IgE, nor to specific IgG4 plasma concentrations. Conclusion The biology of human blood basophils is modulated by S. mansoni infection and praziquantel treatment. Infection intensity-dependent suppression of basophil histamine-release, histamine-dependent resistance to infection, and similarities with allergen desensitisation are discussed as possible explanations of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z Satti
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Present Address: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641 ABHA Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre Cahen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Per S Skov
- Reference Laboratory ApS, P.O. Box 590, Tagensvej 20 7512, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sarah Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Frances M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Colin Fitzsimmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Claus Reimert
- Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1D, DK 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - H Curtis Kariuki
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Kenyan Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 20750, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kazibwe
- Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph K Mwatha
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gachuhi Kimani
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1D, DK 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - John H Ouma
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Kenyan Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 20750, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Narcis B Kabatereine
- Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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