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Kanellopoulos P, Bezverkhniaia E, Abouzayed A, Rosenström U, Tolmachev V, Orlova A. Two Novel [ 68Ga]Ga-Labeled Radiotracers Based on Metabolically Stable [Sar 11]RM26 Antagonistic Peptide for Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of GRPR-Positive Prostate Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18608-18616. [PMID: 38680331 PMCID: PMC11044165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC-3) and can be used for diagnostic purposes. We herein present the design and preclinical evaluation of two novel NOTA/NODAGA-containing peptides suitable for labeling with the positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide Ga-68. These analogs are based on the previously reported GRPR-antagonist DOTAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26, developed for targeted radiotheraostic applications. Both NOTA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 and NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 were successfully labeled with Ga-68 and evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PC-3 cell models. Both, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 displayed high metal-chelate stability in phosphate buffered saline and against the EDTA-challenge. The two [68Ga]Ga-labeled conjugates demonstrated highly GRPR-mediated uptake in vitro and in vivo and exhibited a slow internalization over time, typical for radioantagonistis. The [natGa]Ga-loaded peptides displayed affinity in the low nanomole range for GRPR in competition binding experiments. The new radiotracers demonstrated biodistribution profiles suitable for diagnostic imaging shortly after administration with fast background clearance. Their high tumor uptake (13 ± 1 and 15 ± 3% IA/g for NOTA and NODAGA conjugates, respectively) and high tumor-to-blood ratios (60 ± 10 and 220 ± 70, respectively) 3 h pi renders them promising PET tracers for use in patients. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios were higher for [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 than for the NOTA-containing counterpart. The performance of the two radiopeptides was further supported with the PET/CT images. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 is a promising PET imaging tracer for visualization of GRPR-expressing lesions with high imaging contrast shortly after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayman Abouzayed
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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2
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D’Onofrio A, Engelbrecht S, Läppchen T, Rominger A, Gourni E. GRPR-targeting radiotheranostics for breast cancer management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1250799. [PMID: 38020178 PMCID: PMC10657217 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1250799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer worldwide and, despite the advancements made toward early diagnosis and novel treatments, there is an urgent need to reduce its mortality. The Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) is a promising target for the development of theranostic radioligands for luminal BC with positive estrogen receptor (ER) expression, because GRPR is expressed not only in primary lesions but also in lymph nodes and distant metastasis. In the last decades, several GRPR-targeting molecules have been evaluated both at preclinical and clinical level, however, most of the studies have been focused on prostate cancer (PC). Nonetheless, given the relevance of non-invasive diagnosis and potential treatment of BC through Peptide Receptor Radioligand Therapy (PRRT), this review aims at collecting the available preclinical and clinical data on GRPR-targeting radiopeptides for the imaging and therapy of BC, to better understand the current state-of-the-art and identify future perspectives and possible limitations to their clinical translation. In fact, since luminal-like tumors account for approximately 80% of all BC, many BC patients are likely to benefit from the development of GRPR-radiotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eleni Gourni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Abouzayed A, Kanellopoulos P, Gorislav A, Tolmachev V, Maina T, Nock BA, Orlova A. Preclinical Characterization of a Stabilized Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist for Targeted Cancer Theranostics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1134. [PMID: 37509170 PMCID: PMC10377574 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonists have shown great promise for the theranostics of prostate cancer; however, their suboptimal metabolic stability leaves room for improvements. It was recently shown that the replacement of Gly11 with Sar11 in the peptidic [D-Phe6,Leu13-NHEt,des-Met14]BBN(6-14) chain stabilized the [99mTc]Tc-DB15 radiotracer against neprilysin (NEP). We herein present DOTAGA-PEG2-(Sar11)RM26 (AU-RM26-M1), after Gly11 to Sar11-replacement. The impact of this replacement on the metabolic stability and overall biological performance of [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 was studied using a head-to-head comparison with the unmodified reference [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26. In vitro, the cell uptake of [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 could be significantly reduced in the presence of a high-excess GRPR-blocker that demonstrated its specificity. The cell uptake of both radiolabeled GRPR antagonists increased with time and was superior for [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1. The dissociation constant reflected strong affinities for GRPR (500 pM for [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1). [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 showed significantly higher stability in peripheral mice blood at 5 min pi (88 ± 8% intact) than unmodified [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26 (69 ± 2% intact; p < 0.0001). The administration of a NEP inhibitor had no significant impact on the Sar11-compound (91 ± 2% intact; p > 0.05). In vivo, [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 showed high and GRPR-mediated uptake in the PC-3 tumors (7.0 ± 0.7%IA/g vs. 0.9 ± 0.6%IA/g in blocked mice) and pancreas (2.2 ± 0.6%IA/g vs. 0.3 ± 0.2%IA/g in blocked mice) at 1 h pi, with rapid clearance from healthy tissues. The tumor uptake of [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 was higher than for [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26 (at 4 h pi, 5.7 ± 1.8%IA/g vs. 3 ± 1%IA/g), concordant with its higher stability. The implanted PC-3 tumors were visualized with high contrast in mice using [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1 SPECT/CT. The Gly11 to Sar11-substitution stabilized [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-(Sar11)RM26 against NEP without negatively affecting other important biological features. These results support the further evaluation of AU-RM26-M1 for prostate cancer theranostics after labeling with clinically relevant radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Alisa Gorislav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (T.M.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.A.); (P.K.); (A.G.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Bailly T, Bodin S, Goncalves V, Denat F, Morgat C, Prignon A, Valverde IE. Modular One-Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of Heterobivalent Tracers. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:636-644. [PMID: 37197474 PMCID: PMC10184157 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalent ligands, i.e., molecules having two ligands covalently connected by a linker, have been gathering attention since the first description of their pharmacological potential in the early 80s. However, their synthesis, particularly of labeled heterobivalent ligands, can still be cumbersome and time-consuming. We herein report a straightforward procedure for the modular synthesis of labeled heterobivalent ligands (HBLs) using dual reactive 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine as a starting material and suitable partners for sequential SNAr and inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions. This assembly method conducted in a stepwise or in a sequential one-pot manner provides quick access to multiple HBLs. A conjugate combining ligands toward the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) was radiolabeled, and its biological activity was assessed in vitro and in vivo (receptor binding affinity, biodistribution, imaging) as an illustration that the assembly methodology preserves the tumor targeting properties of the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Bailly
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne,
UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sacha Bodin
- University
of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne,
UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne,
UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Clément Morgat
- University
of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, University Hospital
of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Aurélie Prignon
- UMS28
Laboratoire d’Imagerie Moléculaire Positonique (LIMP), Sorbonne Université, Paris 75020, France
| | - Ibai E. Valverde
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne,
UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Mailing
Address: Ibai E. Valverde,
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L’Université
de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue
Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France; , Phone: +33 380 39 90 48
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5
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Abouzayed A, Borin J, Lundmark F, Rybina A, Hober S, Zelchan R, Tolmachev V, Chernov V, Orlova A. The GRPR Antagonist [ 99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG 2-RM26 towards Phase I Clinical Trial: Kit Preparation, Characterization and Toxicity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091611. [PMID: 37175001 PMCID: PMC10178091 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed in the majority of primary prostate tumors and in prostatic lymph node and bone metastases. Several GRPR antagonists were developed for SPECT and PET imaging of prostate cancer. We previously reported a preclinical evaluation of the GRPR antagonist [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 (based on [D-Phe6, Sta13, Leu14-NH2]BBN(6-14)) which bound to GRPR with high affinity and had a favorable biodistribution profile in tumor-bearing animal models. In this study, we aimed to prepare and test kits for prospective use in an early-phase clinical study. The kits were prepared to allow for a one-pot single-step radiolabeling with technetium-99m pertechnetate. The kit vials were tested for sterility and labeling efficacy. The radiolabeled by using the kit GRPR antagonist was evaluated in vitro for binding specificity to GRPR on PC-3 cells (GRPR-positive). In vivo, the toxicity of the kit constituents was evaluated in rats. The labeling efficacy of the kits stored at 4 °C was monitored for 18 months. The biological properties of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26, which were obtained after this period, were examined both in vitro and in vivo. The one-pot (gluconic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, stannous chloride, and maSSS-PEG2-RM26) single-step radiolabeling with technetium-99m was successful with high radiochemical yields (>97%) and high molar activities (16-24 MBq/nmol). The radiolabeled peptide maintained its binding properties to GRPR. The kit constituents were sterile and non-toxic when tested in living subjects. In conclusion, the prepared kit is considered safe in animal models and can be further evaluated for use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Borin
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanny Lundmark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anastasiya Rybina
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Zelchan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Chernov
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Gomena J, Vári B, Oláh-Szabó R, Biri-Kovács B, Bősze S, Borbély A, Soós Á, Ranđelović I, Tóvári J, Mező G. Targeting the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRP-R) in Cancer Therapy: Development of Bombesin-Based Peptide-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3400. [PMID: 36834815 PMCID: PMC9967152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted tumour therapy has proved to be an efficient alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among several receptors upregulated in cancer cells, the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) has recently emerged as a promising target for cancer imaging, diagnosing and treatment due to its overexpression on cancerous tissues such as breast, prostate, pancreatic and small-cell lung cancer. Herein, we report on the in vitro and in vivo selective delivery of the cytotoxic drug daunorubicin to prostate and breast cancer, by targeting GRP-R. Exploiting many bombesin analogues as homing peptides, including a newly developed peptide, we produced eleven daunorubicin-containing peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), acting as drug delivery systems to safely reach the tumour environment. Two of our bioconjugates revealed remarkable anti-proliferative activity, an efficient uptake by all three tested human breast and prostate cancer cell lines, high stability in plasma and a prompt release of the drug-containing metabolite by lysosomal enzymes. Moreover, they revealed a safe profile and a consistent reduction of the tumour volume in vivo. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of GRP-R binding PDCs in targeted cancer therapy, with the possibility of further tailoring and optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Gomena
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Oláh-Szabó
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adina Borbély
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Soós
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- KINETO Lab Ltd., 1037 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Marlin A, Hierlmeier I, Guillou A, Bartholomä M, Tripier R, Patinec V. Bioconjugated chelates based on (methylpyridinyl)tacn: synthesis, 64Cu labeling and in vitro evaluation for prostate cancer targeting. Metallomics 2022; 14:6596882. [PMID: 35648482 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Three new bifunctional copper chelators based on the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) platform have been synthesized and conjugated to peptide. The first one is constituted of the tacn with two methylpyridinyl and one methylthiazolyl carboxylic acid pendant arms, while, in the second and third ones, the macrocycle is functionalized by three methylpyridinyl groups, with an additional hexynoic acid chain on a carbon of one or two pyridine rings. These three bifunctional chelators have been conjugated to the antagonist JMV594 peptide for targeting the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRP-r), which is overexpressed in prostate cancer. The resulting monomeric bioconjugates have shown their efficiency to be radiolabeled with β+ emitter 64Cu, and the hydrophilicity and PC-3 cell internalisation properties of these radiolabeled conjugates have been studied. PC-3 cell binding affinity of mono- and dimeric metal-free and natCu metallated conjugates have been evaluated by IC50 measurements. The results demonstrate the potential of these methylpyridinyl tacn derivatives for radiopharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axia Marlin
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Ina Hierlmeier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Amaury Guillou
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mark Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University-Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Véronique Patinec
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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8
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Mansi R, Nock BA, Dalm SU, Busstra MB, van Weerden WM, Maina T. Radiolabeled Bombesin Analogs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225766. [PMID: 34830920 PMCID: PMC8616220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent medical advancements have strived for a personalized medicine approach to patients, aimed at optimizing therapy outcomes with minimum toxicity. In this respect, nuclear medicine methodologies have been playing increasingly important roles. For example, the overexpression of peptide receptors, such as the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), on tumor cells as opposed to their lack of expression in healthy surrounding tissues can be elegantly exploited with the aid of “smart” peptide carriers, such as the analogs of the amphibian 14-peptide bombesin (BBN). These molecules can bring clinically attractive radionuclides to malignant lesions in prostate, breast, and other human cancers, sparing healthy tissues. Depending upon the radionuclide in question, diagnostic imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) has been pursued, identifying patients who are eligible for peptide radionuclide receptor therapy (PRRT) in an integrated “theranostic” approach. In the present review, we (i) discuss the major steps taken in the development of anti-GRPR theranostic radioligands, with a focus on those selected for clinical testing; (ii) comment on the present status in this field of research; and (iii) reflect on the current limitations as well as on new opportunities for their broader and more successful clinical applications. Abstract The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is expressed in high numbers in a variety of human tumors, including the frequently occurring prostate and breast cancers, and therefore provides the rationale for directing diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides on cancer lesions after administration of anti-GRPR peptide analogs. This concept has been initially explored with analogs of the frog 14-peptide bombesin, suitably modified at the N-terminus with a number of radiometal chelates. Radiotracers that were selected for clinical testing revealed inherent problems associated with these GRPR agonists, related to low metabolic stability, unfavorable abdominal accumulation, and adverse effects. A shift toward GRPR antagonists soon followed, with safer analogs becoming available, whereby, metabolic stability and background clearance issues were gradually improved. Clinical testing of three main major antagonist types led to promising outcomes, but at the same time brought to light several limitations of this concept, partly related to the variation of GRPR expression levels across cancer types, stages, previous treatments, and other factors. Currently, these parameters are being rigorously addressed by cell biologists, chemists, nuclear medicine physicians, and other discipline practitioners in a common effort to make available more effective and safe state-of-the-art molecular tools to combat GRPR-positive tumors. In the present review, we present the background, current status, and future perspectives of this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Mansi
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece;
| | - Simone U. Dalm
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.U.D.); (M.B.B.); (W.M.v.W.)
| | - Martijn B. Busstra
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.U.D.); (M.B.B.); (W.M.v.W.)
| | - Wytske M. van Weerden
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.U.D.); (M.B.B.); (W.M.v.W.)
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-650-3908/3891
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9
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Mitran B, Tolmachev V, Orlova A. Radiolabeled GRPR Antagonists for Imaging of Disseminated Prostate Cancer - Influence of Labeling Chemistry on Targeting Properties. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7090-7111. [PMID: 32164503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200312114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radionuclide molecular imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) expression promises unparalleled opportunities for visualizing subtle prostate tumors, which due to small size, adjacent benign tissue, or a challenging location would otherwise remain undetected by conventional imaging. Achieving high imaging contrast is essential for this purpose and the molecular design of any probe for molecular imaging of prostate cancer should be aimed at obtaining as high tumor-to-organ ratios as possible. OBJECTIVE This short review summarizes the key imaging modalities currently used in prostate cancer, with a special focus on radionuclide molecular imaging. Emphasis is laid mainly on the issue of radiometals labeling chemistry and its influence on the targeting properties and biodistribution of radiolabeled GRPR antagonists for imaging of disseminated prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus library databases was conducted to find relevant articles. RESULTS The combination of radionuclide, chelator and required labeling chemistry was shown to have a significant influence on the stability, binding affinity and internalization rate, off-target interaction with normal tissues and blood proteins, interaction with enzymes, activity uptake and retention in excretory organs and activity uptake in tumors of radiolabeled bombesin antagonistic analogues. CONCLUSION Labeling chemistry has a very strong impact on the biodistribution profile of GRPRtargeting peptide based imaging probes and needs to be considered when designing a targeting probe for high contrast molecular imaging. Taking into account the complexity of in vivo interactions, it is not currently possible to accurately predict the optimal labeling approach. Therefore, a detailed in vivo characterization and optimization is essential for the rational design of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mitran
- Department of Medicianl Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicianl Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Makris G, Bandari RP, Kuchuk M, Jurisson SS, Smith CJ, Hennkens HM. Development and Preclinical Evaluation of 99mTc- and 186Re-Labeled NOTA and NODAGA Bioconjugates Demonstrating Matched Pair Targeting of GRPR-Expressing Tumors. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:52-61. [PMID: 32886303 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this work was to develop hydrophilic gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting complexes of the general formula fac-[M(CO)3(L)]+ [M = natRe, 99mTc, 186Re; L: NOTA for 1, NODAGA for 2] conjugated to a powerful GRPR peptide antagonist (DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) via a 6-aminohexanoic acid linker. PROCEDURES Metallated-peptides were prepared employing the [M(OH2)3(CO)3]+ [M = Re, 99mTc, 186Re] precursors. Re-1/2 complexes were characterized with HR-MS. IC50 studies were performed for peptides 1/2 and their respective Re-1/2 complexes in a binding assay utilizing GRPR-expressing human PC-3 prostate cancer cells and [125I]I-Tyr4-BBN as the competing ligand. The 99mTc/186Re-complexes were identified by HPLC co-injection with their Re-analogues. All tracers were challenged in vitro at 37 °C against cysteine/histidine (phosphate-buffered saline 10 mM, pH 7.4) and rat serum. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging of [99mTc]Tc-1/2 and [186Re]Re-2 were performed in PC-3 tumor-bearing ICR SCID mice. RESULTS High in vitro receptor affinity (IC50 2-3 nM) was demonstrated for all compounds. The 99mTc/186Re-tracers were found to be hydrophilic (log D7.4 ≤ - 1.35) and highly stable. Biodistribution in PC-3 xenografted mice revealed good tumor uptake (%ID/g at 1 h: 4.3 ± 0.7 for [99mTc]Tc-1, 8.3 ± 0.9 for [99mTc]Tc-2 and 4.2 ± 0.8 for [186Re]Re-2) with moderate retention over 24 h. Rapid renal clearance was observed for [99mTc]Tc-2 and [186Re]Re-2 (> 84 % at 4 h), indicating favorable pharmacokinetics. Micro-SPECT/CT images for the 99mTc-tracers clearly visualized PC-3 tumors in agreement with the biodistribution data and with superior imaging properties found for [99mTc]Tc-2. CONCLUSIONS [99mTc]Tc-2 shows promise for further development as a GRPR-imaging agent. [186Re]Re-2 demonstrated very similar in vivo behavior to [99mTc]Tc-2, and further studies are therefore justified to explore the theranostic potential of our approach for targeting of GRPR-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Makris
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajendra P Bandari
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Marina Kuchuk
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Charles J Smith
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Heather M Hennkens
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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11
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Preclinical Evaluation of 99mTc-Labeled GRPR Antagonists maSSS/SES-PEG 2-RM26 for Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020182. [PMID: 33573232 PMCID: PMC7912279 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is an important target for imaging of prostate cancer. The wide availability of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and the generator-produced 99mTc can be utilized to facilitate the use of GRPR-targeting radiotracers for diagnostics of prostate cancers. METHODS Synthetically produced mercaptoacetyl-Ser-Ser-Ser (maSSS)-PEG2-RM26 and mercaptoacetyl-Ser-Glu-Ser (maSES)-PEG2-RM26 (RM26 = d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) were radiolabeled with 99mTc and characterized in vitro using PC-3 cells and in vivo, using NMRI or PC-3 tumor bearing mice. SPECT/CT imaging and dosimetry calculations were performed for [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26. RESULTS Peptides were radiolabeled with high yields (>98%), demonstrating GRPR specific binding and slow internalization in PC-3 cells. [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 outperformed [99mTc]Tc-maSES-PEG2-RM26 in terms of GRPR affinity, with a lower dissociation constant (61 pM vs 849 pM) and demonstrating higher tumor uptake. [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 had tumor-to-blood, tumor-to-muscle, and tumor-to-bone ratios of 97 ± 56, 188 ± 32, and 177 ± 79, respectively. SPECT/CT images of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 clearly visualized the GRPR-overexpressing tumors. The dosimetry estimated for [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 showed the highest absorbed dose in the small intestine (1.65 × 10-3 mGy/MBq), and the effective dose is 3.49 × 10-3 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION The GRPR antagonist maSSS-PEG2-RM26 is a promising GRPR-targeting agent that can be radiolabeled through a single-step with the generator-produced 99mTc and used for imaging of GRPR-expressing prostate cancer.
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12
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Makris G, Shegani A, Kankanamalage PHA, Kuchuk M, Bandari RP, Smith CJ, Hennkens HM. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel 64Cu-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Bioconjugates for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1290-1297. [PMID: 33434428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the preclinical evaluation of new [64Cu]Cu-gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting tracers, employing the potent peptide antagonist DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-VaI-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 conjugated to NOTA (in 1) or NODAGA (in 2) chelators via a 6-aminohexanoic acid linker. The Cu-1/2 metalated peptides were synthesized by reacting 1/2 with CuCl2 and were characterized by LC-ESI-MS and HR-ESI-MS. Cu-1/2 exhibited high GRPR-binding affinities with IC50 values <3 nM, as measured in a competition assay using the GRPR-expressing human PC-3 prostate cancer cell line and [125I]I-Tyr4-BBN as the competing ligand. Tracers [64Cu]Cu-1/2 were prepared in quantitative radiochemical yield (by radio-HPLC), and their identities were confirmed by coelution with their Cu-1/2 standards via comparative HPLC studies. Lipophilicity was measured in 1-octanol/PBS (pH 7.4), and the negative log D7.4 values (≤-1) confirmed the anticipated hydrophilic character for [64Cu]Cu-1/2. Both tracers demonstrated excellent in vitro stability, with ≥98% remaining intact through 24 h at physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4, 37 °C). Biodistribution in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated good tumor uptake (%ID/g at 4 h: 4.34 ± 0.71 for [64Cu]Cu-1, 3.92 ± 1.03 for [64Cu]Cu-2) and rapid renal clearance (≥87% ID at 4 h). Tumor uptake was receptor-mediated, as verified by parallel GRPR-blocking studies. Small-animal PET/CT imaging studies validated the biodistribution data. These preclinical data support that the [64Cu]Cu-1/2 tracers show promise for further development as diagnostic PET imaging agents of GRPR-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Makris
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Antonio Shegani
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marina Kuchuk
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Rajendra P Bandari
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Charles J Smith
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Heather M Hennkens
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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13
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Rečnik LM, Kandioller W, Mindt TL. 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as Amide Bond Surrogates for the Stabilisation of Linear Peptides with Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3576. [PMID: 32781656 PMCID: PMC7465391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides represent an important class of biologically active molecules with high potential for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to their structural diversity, favourable pharmacokinetic properties, and synthetic availability. However, the widespread use of peptides and conjugates thereof in clinical applications can be hampered by their low stability in vivo due to rapid degradation by endogenous proteases. A promising approach to circumvent this potential limitation includes the substitution of metabolically labile amide bonds in the peptide backbone by stable isosteric amide bond mimetics. In this review, we focus on the incorporation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as amide bond surrogates in linear peptides with the aim to increase their stability without impacting their biological function(s). We highlight the properties of this heterocycle as a trans-amide bond surrogate and summarise approaches for the synthesis of triazole-containing peptidomimetics via the Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The impacts of the incorporation of triazoles in the backbone of diverse peptides on their biological properties such as, e.g., blood serum stability and affinity as well as selectivity towards their respective molecular target(s) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Rečnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Satpati D, Vats K, Sharma R, Kameswaran M, Sarma HD, Dash A. Synthesis, radiolabeling, and evaluation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist 68 Ga-HBED-CC-RM26. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:843-849. [PMID: 31378967 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The acyclic chelator HBED-CC has attained huge clinical significance owing to high thermodynamic and kinetic stability of 68 Ga-HBED-CC chelate. It provides an excellent platform for quick preparation of 68 Ga-based radiotracers in high yield. Thus, the present study aimed at conjugation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) antagonist, RM26, with HBED-CC chelator for 68 Ga-labeling. In vitro and vivo behavior of the peptide tracer, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26, was assessed and compared with 68 Ga-NODAGA-PEG2 -RM26. The peptide tracers, 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26 and 68 Ga-NODAGA-PEG2 -RM26, prepared either by wet chemistry or formulated using freeze-dried kits exhibited excellent radiochemical yield and in vitro stability. The two peptide tracers cleared rapidly from the blood. Biodistribution studies in normal mice demonstrated slightly higher or comparable uptake of 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26 in GRPr-expressing organs pancreas, stomach, and intestine. The preliminary studies suggest high potential of 68 Ga-HBED-CC-PEG2 -RM26 for further investigation as a GRPr imaging agent and the wide scope of HBED-CC chelator in development of 68 Ga-based peptide tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kusum Vats
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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15
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Stability Evaluation and Stabilization of a Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) Targeting Imaging Pharmaceutical. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162878. [PMID: 31398865 PMCID: PMC6720803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are identified as important targets on prostate cancer. Receptor-targeting radiolabeled imaging pharmaceuticals with high affinity and specificity are useful in studying and monitoring biological processes and responses. Two potential imaging pharmaceuticals, AMBA agonist (where AMBA = DO3A-CH2CO-G-[4-aminobenzyl]- Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) and RM1 antagonist (where RM1 = DO3A-CH2CO-G-[4-aminobenzyl]-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2), have demonstrated high binding affinity (IC50) to GRP receptors and high tumor uptake. Antagonists, despite the poor tumor cell internalization properties, can show clearer images and pharmacokinetic profiles by virtue of their higher tumor uptake in animal models compared to agonists. For characterization, development, and translation of a potential imaging pharmaceutical into the clinic, it must be evaluated in a series of tests, including in vitro cell binding assays, in vitro buffer and serum stability studies, the biodistribution of the radiolabeled material, and finally imaging studies in preclinical animal models. Data related to acetate buffer, mouse, canine, and human sera stability of 177Lu-labeled RM1 are presented here and compared with the acetate buffer and sera stability data of AMBA agonist. The samples of 177Lu-labeled RM1 with a high radioconcentration degrade faster than low-radioconcentration samples upon storage at 2–8 °C. Addition of stabilizers, ascorbic acid and gentisic acid, improve the stability of 177Lu-labeled RM1 significantly with gentisic acid being more efficient than ascorbic acid as a stabilizer. The degradation kinetics of 177Lu-labeled AMBA and RM1 in sera follow the order (fastest to slowest): mouse > canine > human sera. Finally, 177Lu-labeled RM1 antagonist is slower to degrade in mouse, canine, and human sera than 177Lu-labeled AMBA agonist, further suggesting that an antagonist is a more promising candidate than agonist for the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and therapy of prostate cancer patients.
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16
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Oroujeni M, Abouzayed A, Lundmark F, Mitran B, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Rosenström U. Evaluation of Tumor-Targeting Properties of an Antagonistic Bombesin Analogue RM26 Conjugated with a Non-Residualizing Radioiodine Label Comparison with a Radiometal-Labelled Counterpart. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080380. [PMID: 31382362 PMCID: PMC6724035 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelled antagonistic bombesin analogues are successfully used for targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) that are overexpressed in prostate cancer. Internalization of antagonistic bombesin analogues is slow. We hypothesized that the use of a non-residualizing radioiodine label might not affect the tumour uptake but would reduce the retention in normal organs, where radiopharmaceutical would be internalized. To test this hypothesis, tyrosine was conjugated via diethylene glycol linker to N-terminus of an antagonistic bombesin analogue RM26 to form Tyr-PEG2-RM26. [111In]In-DOTA-PEG2-RM26 was used as a control with a residualizing label. Tyr-PEG2-RM26 was labelled with 125I with 95% radiochemical purity and retained binding specificity to GRPR. The IC50 values for Tyr-PEG2-RM26 and DOTA-PEG2-RM26 were 1.7 ± 0.3 nM and 3.3 ± 0.5 nM, respectively. The cellular processing of [125I]I-Tyr-PEG2-RM26 by PC-3 cells showed unusually fast internalization. Biodistribution showed that uptake in pancreas and tumour was GRPR-specific for both radioconjugates. Blood clearance of [125I]I-Tyr-PEG2-RM26 was appreciably slower and activity accumulation in all organs was significantly higher than for [111In]In-DOTA-PEG2-RM26. Tumor uptake of [111In]In-DOTA-PEG2-RM26 was significantly higher than for [125I]I-Tyr-PEG2-RM26, resulting in higher tumour-to-organ ratio for [111In]In-DOTA-PEG2-RM26 at studied time points. Incorporation of amino acids with hydrophilic side-chains next to tyrosine might overcome the problems associated with the use of tyrosine as a prosthetic group for radioiodination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fanny Lundmark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-750 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Abouzayed A, Yim CB, Mitran B, Rinne SS, Tolmachev V, Larhed M, Rosenström U, Orlova A. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Radio-Iodinated GRPR/PSMA Bispecific Heterodimers for the Theranostics Application in Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E358. [PMID: 31340483 PMCID: PMC6680768 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers. GRPR expression is higher in early stages while PSMA expression increases with progression. The possibility of targeting both markers with a single theranostics radiotracer could improve patient management. Three GRPR/PSMA-targeting bispecific heterodimers (urea derivative PSMA-617 and bombesin-based antagonist RM26 linked via X-triazolyl-Tyr-PEG2, X = PEG2 (BO530), (CH2)8 (BO535), none (BO536)) were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Peptides were radio-iodinated and evaluated in vitro for binding specificity, cellular retention, and affinity. In vivo specificity for all heterodimers was studied in PC-3 (GRPR-positive) and LNCaP (PSMA-positive) xenografts. [125I]I-BO530 was evaluated in PC-3pip (GRPR/PSMA-positive) xenografts. Micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (microSPECT/CT) scans were acquired. The heterodimers were radiolabeled with high radiochemical yields, bound specifically to both targets, and demonstrated high degree of activity retention in PC-3pip cells. Only [125I]I-BO530 demonstrated in vivo specificity to both targets. A biodistribution study of [125I]I-BO530 in PC-3pip xenografted mice showed high tumor activity uptake (30%-35%ID/g at 3 h post injection (pi)). Activity uptake in tumors was stable and exceeded all other organs 24 h pi. Activity uptake decreased only two-fold 72 h pi. The GRPR/PSMA-targeting heterodimer [125I]I-BO530 is a promising agent for theranostics application in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheng-Bin Yim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara S Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Mitran B, Rinne SS, Konijnenberg MW, Maina T, Nock BA, Altai M, Vorobyeva A, Larhed M, Tolmachev V, de Jong M, Rosenström U, Orlova A. Trastuzumab cotreatment improves survival of mice with PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts treated with the GRPR antagonist 177 Lu-DOTAGA-PEG 2 -RM26. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3347-3358. [PMID: 31077356 PMCID: PMC6852655 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin‐releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed in prostate cancer and are suitable for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). We optimized the bombesin‐derived GRPR‐antagonist PEG2‐RM26 for labeling with 177Lu and further determined the effect of treatment with 177Lu‐labeled peptide alone or in combination with the anti‐HER2 antibody trastuzumab in a murine model. The PEG2‐RM26 analog was coupled to NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA and DOTAGA chelators. The peptide‐chelator conjugates were labeled with 177Lu and characterized in vitro and in vivo. A preclinical therapeutic study was performed in PC‐3 xenografted mice. Mice were treated with intravenous injections (6 cycles) of (A) PBS, (B) DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26, (C) 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26, (D) trastuzumab or (E) 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 in combination with trastuzumab. 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 demonstrated quantitative labeling yield at high molar activity (450 GBq/μmol), high in vivo stability (5 min pi >98% of radioligand remained when coinjected with phosphoramidon), high affinity to GRPR (KD = 0.4 ± 0.2 nM), and favorable biodistribution (1 hr pi tumor uptake was higher than in healthy tissues, including the kidneys). Therapy with 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 induced a significant inhibition of tumor growth. The median survival for control groups was significantly shorter than for treated groups (Group C 66 days, Group E 74 days). Trastuzumab together with radionuclide therapy significantly improved survival. No treatment‐related toxicity was observed. In conclusion, based on in vitro and in vivo characterization of the four 177Lu‐labeled PEG2‐RM26 analogs, we concluded that 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 was the most promising analog for TRT. Radiotherapy using 177Lu‐DOTAGA‐PEG2‐RM26 effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine prostate cancer model. Anti‐HER2 therapy additionally improved survival. What's new? Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) using radiolabeled peptides seeking gastrin‐releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) in tumors is a promising approach to treat disseminated prostate cancer. The possibility to improve the therapeutic index via combination therapies also warrants further investigation. Here, the authors developed and characterized a promising GRPR‐targeting radioligand and demonstrated its therapeutic efficacy in prostate cancer xenografts. Moreover, this study using the anti‐HER2 antibody trastuzumab presents the first in vivo proof‐of‐principle that the effects of anti‐GRPR radiotherapy can be amplified by co‐administration of anti‐HER2 treatment leading to prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mitran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara S Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark W Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Berthold A Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Cheng S, Lang L, Wang Z, Jacobson O, Yung B, Zhu G, Gu D, Ma Y, Zhu X, Niu G, Chen X. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Prostate Cancer with Ga-68-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Agonist BBN 7-14 and Antagonist RM26. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:410-419. [PMID: 29254329 PMCID: PMC5824342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Radiolabeled
bombesin (BBN) analogs have long been used for developing
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted imaging probes,
and tracers with excellent in vivo performance including high tumor
uptake, high contrast, and favorable pharmacokinetics are highly desired.
In this study, we compared the 68Ga-labeled GRPR agonist
(Gln–Trp–Ala–Val–Gly–His–Leu–Met–NH2, BBN7–14) and antagonist (d-Phe–Gln–Trp–Ala–Val–Gly–His–Sta–Leu–NH2, RM26) for the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging
of prostate cancer. The in vitro stabilities, receptor binding, cell
uptake, internalization, and efflux properties of the probes 68Ga–1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)–Aca–BBN7–14 and 68Ga–NOTA–poly(ethylene
glycol)3 (PEG3)–RM26 were studied in
PC-3 cells, and the in vivo GRPR targeting abilities and kinetics
were investigated using PC-3 tumor xenografted mice. BBN7–14, PEG3-RM26, NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14, and NOTA–PEG3–RM26 showed similar binding
affinity to GRPR. In PC-3 tumor-bearing mice, the tumor uptake of 68Ga–NOTA–PEG3–RM26 remained
at around 3.00 percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue within
1 h after injection, in contrast with 68Ga–NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14, which demonstrated rapid elimination and high
background signal. Additionally, the majority of the 68Ga–NOTA–PEG3–RM26 remained intact
in mouse serum at 5 min after injection, while almost all of the 68Ga–NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14 was degraded under the same conditions, demonstrating more-favorable
in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and metabolic stabilities of the
antagonist probe relative to its agonist counterpart. Overall, the
antagonistic GRPR targeted probe 68Ga–NOTA–PEG3–RM26 is a more-promising candidate than the agonist 68Ga–NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14 for the PET imaging of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430000, PR China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bryant Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dongyu Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Mansour N, Paquette M, Ait-Mohand S, Dumulon-Perreault V, Guérin B. Evaluation of a novel GRPR antagonist for prostate cancer PET imaging: [ 64 Cu]-DOTHA 2 -PEG-RM26. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 56:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Martinez J. Joseph Rudinger memorial lecture: Unexpected functions of angiotensin converting enzyme, beyond its enzymatic activity. J Pept Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron; UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM; Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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22
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High Contrast PET Imaging of GRPR Expression in Prostate Cancer Using Cobalt-Labeled Bombesin Antagonist RM26. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:6873684. [PMID: 29097932 PMCID: PMC5612608 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6873684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
High gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expression is associated with numerous cancers including prostate and breast cancer. The aim of the current study was to develop a 55Co-labeled PET agent based on GRPR antagonist RM26 for visualization of GRPR-expressing tumors. Labeling with 57Co and 55Co, stability, binding specificity, and in vitro and in vivo characteristics of 57Co-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 were studied. NOTA-PEG2-RM26 was successfully radiolabeled with 57Co and 55Co with high yields and demonstrated high stability. The radiopeptide showed retained binding specificity to GRPR in vitro and in vivo. 57Co-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 biodistribution in mice was characterized by rapid clearance of radioactivity from blood and normal non-GRPR-expressing organs and low hepatic uptake. The clearance was predominantly renal with a low degree of radioactivity reabsorption. Tumor-to-blood ratios were approximately 200 (3 h pi) and 1000 (24 h pi). The favorable biodistribution of cobalt-labeled NOTA-PEG2-RM26 translated into high contrast preclinical PET/CT (using 55Co) and SPECT/CT (using 57Co) images of PC-3 xenografts. The initial biological results suggest that 55Co-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 is a promising tracer for PET visualization of GRPR-expressing tumors.
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23
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Bednarova S, Lindenberg ML, Vinsensia M, Zuiani C, Choyke PL, Turkbey B. Positron emission tomography (PET) in primary prostate cancer staging and risk assessment. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:413-423. [PMID: 28725583 PMCID: PMC5503952 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the few neoplasms that are not well served by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). As a result, a number of PET tracers have been developed to target particular biological features of PCa. Such agents can be used for diagnosis, staging, identification of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and evaluation of metastatic disease. Here, we focus on primary disease and local staging. To date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven superior to PET in the imaging of primary PCa. However, some PET agents have shown remarkable promise in staging high-risk PCa (defined as any combination of a clinical T3, a PSA score >20 ng/mL, or a Gleason score of 8–10), as well as biochemical relapse after definitive therapy and metastatic PCa. PET agents can be divided into those that interrogate tumor metabolism (18F-FDG, 11C-Choline, 18F-Choline, 11C-Acetate, 18F-FACBC), hormone receptors (18F-FDHT), and other targets such as prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) (68Ga-PSMA, 18F-DCFBC, 18F-DCFPyl) or gastric releasing peptide (18F-GRP or 18F-Bombesin). In this review, we compare the available PCa targeted PET tracers utilized in staging of high risk tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bednarova
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria L Lindenberg
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Vinsensia
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Zuiani
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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25
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Mansour N, Dumulon-Perreault V, Ait-Mohand S, Paquette M, Lecomte R, Guérin B. Impact of dianionic and dicationic linkers on tumor uptake and biodistribution of [64Cu]Cu/NOTA peptide-based gastrin-releasing peptide receptors antagonists. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:200-212. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nematallah Mansour
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Véronique Dumulon-Perreault
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Michel Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke and Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS); Sherbrooke Canada
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26
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Mansi R, Minamimoto R, Mäcke H, Iagaru AH. Bombesin-Targeted PET of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:67S-72S. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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27
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Ding H, Kothandaraman S, Gong L, Williams MM, Dirksen WP, Rosol TJ, Tweedle MF. A human GRPr-transfected Ace-1 canine prostate cancer model in mice. Prostate 2016; 76:783-95. [PMID: 26940014 PMCID: PMC5867903 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A versatile drug screening system was developed to simplify early targeted drug discovery in mice and then translate readily from mice to a dog prostate cancer model that more fully replicates the features of human prostate cancer. METHODS We stably transfected human cDNA of the GRPr bombesin (BBN) receptor subtype to canine Ace-1 prostate cancer cells (Ace-1(huGRPr) ). Expression was examined by (125) I-Tyr(4) -BBN competition, calcium stimulation assay, and fluorescent microscopy. A dual tumor nude mouse xenograft model was developed from Ace-1(CMV) (vector transfected Ace-1) and Ace-1(huGRPr) cells. The model was used to explore the in vivo behavior of two new IRDye800-labeled GRPr binding optical imaging agents: 800-G-Abz4-t-BBN, from a GRPr agonist peptide, and 800-G-Abz4-STAT, from a GRPr antagonist peptide, by imaging the tumor mice and dissected organs. RESULTS Both agents bound Ace-1(huGRPr) and PC-3, a known GRPr-expressing human prostate cancer cell line, with 4-13 nM IC50 against (125) I-Tyr(4) -BBN, but did not bind Ace-1(CMV) cells (vector transfected). Binding was blocked by bombesin. Ca(2+) activation assays demonstrated that Ace-1(huGPRr) expressed biologically active GRPr. Both Ace-1 cell lines grew in the flanks of 100% of the nude mice and formed tumors of ∼0.5 cm diameter in 1 week. In vivo imaging of the mice at 800 nm emission showed GRPr+: GRPr- tumor signal brighter by a factor of two at 24 h post IV administration of 10 nmol of the imaging agents. Blood retention (4-8% ID at 1 h) was greater by a factor >10 and cumulative urine accumulation (28-30% at 4 h) was less by a factor 2 compared to a radioactive analog of the t-BBN containing agent, (177) LuAMBA, probably due to binding to blood albumin, which we confirmed in a mouse serum assay. CONCLUSIONS The dual tumor Ace-1(CMV) /Ace-1(huGRPr) model system provides a rapid test of specific to nonspecific binding of new GRPr avid agents in a model that will extend logically to the known Ace-1 orthotopic canine prostate cancer model. Prostate 76:783-795, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shankaran Kothandaraman
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michelle M. Williams
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wessel P. Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael F. Tweedle
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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28
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Accardo A, Galli F, Mansi R, Del Pozzo L, Aurilio M, Morisco A, Ringhieri P, Signore A, Morelli G, Aloj L. Pre-clinical evaluation of eight DOTA coupled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) ligands for in vivo targeting of receptor-expressing tumors. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:17. [PMID: 26897133 PMCID: PMC4761355 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) has been documented in several human neoplasms such as breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer. There is growing interest in developing radiolabeled peptide-based ligands toward these receptors for the purpose of in vivo imaging and radionuclide therapy of GRP-R-overexpressing tumors. A number of different peptide sequences, isotopes, and labeling methods have been proposed for this purpose. The aim of this work is to perform a direct side-by-side comparison of different GRP-R binding peptides utilizing a single labeling strategy to identify the most suitable peptide sequence. Methods Solid-phase synthesis of eight derivatives (BN1-8) designed based on literature analysis was carried out. Peptides were coupled to the DOTA chelator through a PEG4 spacer at the N-terminus. Derivatives were characterized for serum stability, binding affinity on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice, and gamma camera imaging at 1, 6, and 24 h after injection. Results Serum stability was quite variable among the different compounds with half-lives ranging from 16 to 400 min at 37 °C. All compounds tested showed Kd values in the nanomolar range with the exception of BN3 that showed no binding. Biodistribution and imaging studies carried out for compounds BN1, BN4, BN7, and BN8 showed targeting of the GRP-R-positive tumors and the pancreas. The BN8 compound (DOTA-PEG-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) showed high affinity, the longest serum stability, and the highest target-to-background ratios in biodistribution and imaging experiments among the compounds tested. Conclusions Our results indicate that the NMeGly for Gly substitution and the Sta-Leu substitution at the C-terminus confer high serum stability while maintaining high receptor affinity, resulting in biodistribution properties that outperform those of the other peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPeB, University of Naples "Federico II" and Invectors srl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Mansi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Del Pozzo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michela Aurilio
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Anna Morisco
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Paola Ringhieri
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPeB, University of Naples "Federico II" and Invectors srl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPeB, University of Naples "Federico II" and Invectors srl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Struttura Complessa Medicina Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 52, Napoli, 80131, Italy.
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides 2015; 72:128-44. [PMID: 25976083 PMCID: PMC4641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This following article is written for Prof. Abba Kastin's Festschrift, to add to the tribute to his important role in the advancement of the role of peptides in physiological, as well as pathophysiological processes. There have been many advances during the 35 years of his prominent role in the Peptide field, not only as editor of the journal Peptides, but also as a scientific investigator and editor of two volumes of the Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [146,147]. Similar to the advances with many different peptides, during this 35 year period, there have been much progress made in the understanding of the pharmacology, cell biology and the role of (bombesin) Bn receptors and their ligands in various disease states, since the original isolation of bombesin from skin of the European frog Bombina bombina in 1970 [76]. This paper will briefly review some of these advances over the time period of Prof. Kastin 35 years in the peptide field concentrating on the advances since 2007 when many of the results from earlier studies were summarized [128,129]. It is appropriate to do this because there have been 280 articles published in Peptides during this time on bombesin-related peptides and it accounts for almost 5% of all publications. Furthermore, 22 Bn publications we have been involved in have been published in either Peptides [14,39,55,58,81,92,93,119,152,216,225,226,231,280,302,309,355,361,362] or in Prof. Kastin's Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [137,138,331].
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
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Gourni E, Del Pozzo L, Kheirallah E, Smerling C, Waser B, Reubi JC, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, Meyer PT, Maecke HR. Copper-64 Labeled Macrobicyclic Sarcophagine Coupled to a GRP Receptor Antagonist Shows Great Promise for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2781-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500671j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gourni
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Luigi Del Pozzo
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Emilie Kheirallah
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Waser
- Department
of Pathology, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Reubi
- Department
of Pathology, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of
Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of
Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Philipp T. Meyer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Maecke
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
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31
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Pourghiasian M, Liu Z, Pan J, Zhang Z, Colpo N, Lin KS, Perrin DM, Bénard F. 18F-AmBF3-MJ9: A novel radiofluorinated bombesin derivative for prostate cancer imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Mansi R, Abiraj K, Wang X, Tamma ML, Gourni E, Cescato R, Berndt S, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. Evaluation of three different families of bombesin receptor radioantagonists for targeted imaging and therapy of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) positive tumors. J Med Chem 2014; 58:682-91. [PMID: 25474596 DOI: 10.1021/jm5012066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new classes of radiolabeled GRP receptor antagonists are studied and compared with the well-established statine-based receptor antagonist DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethylpiperidine-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM2, 1; DOTA:1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid; Sta:(3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid). The bombesin-based pseudopeptide DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethylpiperidine-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leuψ(CHOH-CH2)-(CH2)2-CH3 (RM7, 2), and the methyl ester DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethylpiperidine-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-OCH3 (ARBA05, 3) analogues are labeled with (111)In and evaluated in vitro in PC-3 cell line and in vivo in PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice. Antagonist potency was assessed by immunofluorescence-based receptor internalization and Ca(2+) mobilization assays. The conjugates showed good binding affinity, the IC50 value of 2 (3.2 ± 1.8 nM) being 2 and 10 times lower than 1 and 3. Compared to (111)In-1, (111)In-2 showed higher uptake in target tissues such as pancreas (1.5 ± 0.5%IA/g and 39.8 ± 9.3%IA/g at 4 h, respectively), whereas the compounds had similar tumor uptake (11.5 ± 2.4%IA/g and 11.8 ± 3.9%IA/g at 4h, respectively). The displacement of the radioligand in vivo was different in different receptor positive organs and depended on the displacing peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Mansi
- Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel , Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Chatalic KLS, Franssen GM, van Weerden WM, McBride WJ, Laverman P, de Blois E, Hajjaj B, Brunel L, Goldenberg DM, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J, Boerman OC, de Jong M. Preclinical comparison of Al18F- and 68Ga-labeled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists for PET imaging of prostate cancer. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:2050-6. [PMID: 25413139 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in human prostate cancer and is being used as a target for molecular imaging. In this study, we report on the direct comparison of 3 novel GRPR-targeted radiolabeled tracers: Al(18)F-JMV5132, (68)Ga-JMV5132, and (68)Ga-JMV4168 (JMV5132 is NODA-MPAA-βAla-βAla-[H-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2], JMV4168 is DOTA-βAla-βAla-[H-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2], and NODA-MPAA is 2-[4-(carboxymethyl)-7-{[4-(carboxymethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1,4,7-triazacyclononan-1-yl]acetic acid). METHODS The GRPR antagonist JMV594 (H-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) was conjugated to NODA-MPAA for labeling with Al(18)F. JMV5132 was radiolabeled with (68)Ga and (18)F, and JMV4168 was labeled with (68)Ga for comparison. The inhibitory concentration of 50% values for binding GRPR of JMV4168, JMV5132, (nat)Ga-JMV4168, and (nat)Ga-JMV5132 were determined in a competition-binding assay using GRPR-overexpressing PC-3 tumors. The tumor-targeting characteristics of the compounds were assessed in mice bearing subcutaneous PC-3 xenografts. Small-animal PET/CT images were acquired, and tracer biodistribution was determined by ex vivo measurements. RESULTS JMV5132 was labeled with (18)F in a novel 1-pot, 1-step procedure within 20 min, without need for further purification and resulting in a specific activity of 35 MBq/nmol. Inhibitory concentration of 50% values (in nM) for GRPR binding of JMV5132, JMV4168, (nat)Ga-JMV5132, (nat)Ga-JMV4168, and Al(nat)F-JMV5132 were 6.8 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 4.6-10.0), 13.2 (95% CIs, 5.9-29.3), 3.0 (95% CIs, 1.5-6.0), 3.2 (95% CIs, 1.8-5.9), and 10.0 (95% CIs, 6.3-16.0), respectively. In mice with subcutaneous PC-3 xenografts, all tracers cleared rapidly from the blood, exclusively via the kidneys for (68)Ga-JMV4168 and partially hepatobiliary for (68)Ga-JMV5132 and Al(18)F-JMV5132. Two hours after injection, the uptake of (68)Ga-JMV4168, (68)Ga-JMV5132, and Al(18)F-JMV5132 in PC-3 tumors was 5.96 ± 1.39, 5.24 ± 0.29, 5.30 ± 0.98 (percentage injected dose per gram), respectively. GRPR specificity was confirmed by significantly reduced tumor uptake of the 3 tracers after coinjection of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled JMV4168 or JMV5132. Small-animal PET/CT clearly visualized PC-3 tumors, with the highest resolution observed for Al(18)F-JMV5132. CONCLUSION JMV5132 could be rapidly and efficiently labeled with (18)F. Al(18)F-JMV5132, (68)Ga-JMV5132, and (68)Ga-JMV4168 all showed comparable high and specific accumulation in GRPR-positive PC-3 tumors. These new PET tracers are promising candidates for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristell L S Chatalic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter Laverman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bouchra Hajjaj
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Brunel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Target selective micelles for bombesin receptors incorporating Au(III)-dithiocarbamato complexes. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Gourni E, Mansi R, Jamous M, Waser B, Smerling C, Burian A, Buchegger F, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. N-Terminal Modifications Improve the Receptor Affinity and Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Peptidic Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonists: Examples of 68Ga- and 64Cu-Labeled Peptides for PET Imaging. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1719-25. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Jamous M, Tamma ML, Gourni E, Waser B, Reubi JC, Maecke HR, Mansi R. PEG spacers of different length influence the biological profile of bombesin-based radiolabeled antagonists. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:464-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Levi J, Sathirachinda A, Gambhir SS. A high-affinity, high-stability photoacoustic agent for imaging gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3721-9. [PMID: 24850845 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of targeted photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in providing molecular information to complement intrinsic functional and anatomical details of the vasculature within prostate lesion. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a PAI agent, AA3G-740, that targets gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), found to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. The binding specificity of the agent was evaluated in human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and LNCaP, and antagonist properties determined by cell internalization and intracellular calcium mobilization studies. The imaging sensitivity was assessed for the agent itself and for the PC3 cells labeled with agent. The in vivo stability of the agent was determined in human plasma and in the blood of living mice. The in vivo binding of the agent was evaluated in PC3 prostate tumor models in mice, and was validated ex vivo by optical imaging. RESULTS AA3G-740 demonstrated strong and specific binding to GRPR. The sensitivity of detection in vitro indicated suitability of the agent to image very small lesions. In mice, the agent was able to bind to GRPR even in poorly vascularized tumors leading to nearly 2-fold difference in photoacoustic signal relative to the control agent. CONCLUSIONS The ability to image both vasculature and molecular profile outside the blood vessels gives molecular PAI a unique advantage over currently used imaging techniques. The imaging method presented here can find application both in diagnosis and in image-guided biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Levi
- Authors' Affiliations: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Stanford, California
| | - Ataya Sathirachinda
- Authors' Affiliations: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Authors' Affiliations: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Stanford, California
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Valverde IE, Huxol E, Mindt TL. Radiolabeled antagonistic bombesin peptidomimetics for tumor targeting. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:275-8. [PMID: 24327435 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of amide bonds in the backbone of peptides by proteolytically stable 1,2,3-triazole isosteres can provide novel peptidomimetics with promising properties for the development of tumor-targeting radiopeptides. On the basis of our previous work with radiolabeled agonistic bombesin (BBN) derivatives of the sequence [Nle(14) ]BBN(7-14), we substituted selected amide bonds of the structurally closely related antagonistic peptide analog JMV594. With the exception of the C-terminal modification, amide-to-triazole substitutions tolerated by [Nle(14) ]BBN(7-14) without loss of biological function led to abolished receptor affinity in the case of JMV594. These findings provide an additional piece of evidence for the currently disputed differences in the modes of action of agonistic and antagonistic gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting radiopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai E Valverde
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Varasteh Z, Velikyan I, Lindeberg G, Sörensen J, Larhed M, Sandström M, Selvaraju RK, Malmberg J, Tolmachev V, Orlova A. Synthesis and characterization of a high-affinity NOTA-conjugated bombesin antagonist for GRPR-targeted tumor imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1144-53. [PMID: 23763444 DOI: 10.1021/bc300659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR/BB2) is a molecular target for the visualization of prostate cancer. This work focused on the development of high-affinity, hydrophilic, antagonistic, bombesin-based imaging agents for PET and SPECT. The bombesin antagonist analog d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 ([d-Phe(6),Sta(13),Leu(14)]bombesin[6-14]) was synthesized and conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N″-triacetic acid (NOTA) via a diethylene glycol (PEG2) linker. The resulting conjugate, NOTA-PEG2-[d-Phe(6),Sta(13),Leu(14)]bombesin[6-14] (NOTA-P2-RM26), was labeled with (68)Ga (T1/2 = 68 min, positron emitter) and (111)In (T1/2 = 2.8 days, gamma emitter). The labeling stability, specificity, inhibition efficiency (IC50), and dissociation constant (KD) of both labeled compounds as well as their cellular retention and internalization were investigated. The pharmacokinetics of the dual isotope ((111)In/(68)Ga)-labeled peptide in both normal NMRI mice and PC-3 tumor-bearing Balb/c nu/nu mice was also studied. NOTA-P2-RM26 was labeled with (111)In and (68)Ga at a radiochemical yield of >98%. Both conjugates were shown to have high specificity and binding affinity for GRPR. The KD value was determined to be 23 ± 13 pM for the (111)In-labeled compound in a saturation binding experiment. In addition, (nat)In- and (nat)Ga-NOTA-P2-RM26 showed low nanomolar binding inhibition concentrations (IC50 = 1.24 ± 0.29 nM and 0.91 ± 0.19 nM, respectively) in a competitive binding assay. The internalization rate of the radiolabeled conjugates was slow. The radiometal-labeled tracers demonstrated rapid blood clearance via the kidney and GRPR-specific uptake in the pancreas in normal mice. Tumor targeting and biodistribution studies in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts displayed high and specific uptake in tumors (8.1 ± 0.4%ID/g for (68)Ga and 5.7 ± 0.3%ID/g for (111)In) and high tumor-to-background ratios (tumor/blood: 12 ± 1 for (68)Ga and 10 ± 1 for (111)In) after only 1 h p.i. of 45 pmol of peptide. The xenografts were visualized by gamma and microPET cameras shortly after injection. In conclusion, the antagonistic bombesin analog NOTA-PEG2-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (NOTA-P2-RM26) is a promisindg candidate for prostate cancer imaging using PET and SPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Varasteh
- Preclinical PET Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Varshney R, Hazari PP, Fernandez P, Schulz J, Allard M, Mishra AK. (68)Ga-labeled bombesin analogs for receptor-mediated imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013; 194:221-256. [PMID: 22918762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-27994-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted receptor-mediated imaging techniques have become crucial tools in present targeted diagnosis and radiotherapy as they provide accurate and specific diagnosis of disease information. Peptide-based pharmaceuticals are gaining popularity, and there has been vast interest in developing (68)Ga-labeled bombesin (Bn) analogs. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) family and its Bn analog have been implicated in the biology of several human cancers. The three bombesin receptors GRP, NMB, and BRS-3 receptor are most frequently ectopically expressed by common, important malignancies. The low expression of Bn/GRP receptors in normal tissue and relatively high expression in a variety of human tumors can be of biological importance and form a molecular basis for Bn/GRP receptor-mediated imaging. To develop a Bn-like peptide with favorable tumor targeting and pharmacokinetic characteristics for possible clinical use, several modifications in the Bn-like peptides, such as the use of a variety of chelating agents, i.e., acyclic and macrocyclic agents with different spacer groups and with different metal ions (gallium), have been performed in recent years without significant disturbance of the vital binding scaffold. The favorable physical properties of (68)Ga, i.e., short half-life, and the fast localization of small peptides make this an ideal combination to study receptor-mediated imaging in patients.
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Accardo A, Mansi R, Salzano G, Morisco A, Aurilio M, Parisi A, Maione F, Cicala C, Ziaco B, Tesauro D, Aloj L, De Rosa G, Morelli G. Bombesin peptide antagonist for target-selective delivery of liposomal doxorubicin on cancer cells. J Drug Target 2012; 21:240-249. [PMID: 23167653 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.741138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study addresses novel peptide modified liposomal doxorubicin to specifically target tissues overexpressing bombesin (BN) receptors. METHODS DOTA-(AEEA)2-peptides containing the [7-14]bombesin and the new BN-AA1 sequence have been synthesized to compare their binding properties and in serum stabilities. The amphiphilic peptide derivative (MonY-BN-AA1) containing BN-AA1, a hydrophobic moiety, polyethylenglycole (PEG), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), has been synthesized. Liposomes have been obtained by mixing of MonY-BN-AA1 with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). RESULTS Both 111In labeled peptide derivatives present nanomolar Kd to PC-3 cells. 177Lu labeled peptide DOTA-(AEEA)2-BN-AA1 is very stable (half-life 414.1 h), while DOTA-(AEEA)2-BN, shows a half-life of 15.5 h. In vivo studies on the therapeutic efficacy of DSPC/MonY-BN-AA1/Dox in comparison to DSPC/MonY-BN/Dox, were performed in PC-3 xenograft bearing mice. Both formulations showed similar tumor growth inhibition (TGI) compared to control animals treated with non-targeted DSPC/Dox liposomes or saline solution. For DSPC/MonY-BN-AA1/Dox the maximum effect was observed 19 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS DSPC/MonY-BN-AA1/Dox nanovectors confirm the ability to selectively target and provide therapeutic efficacy in mice. The lack of receptor activation and possible acute biological side effects provided by using the AA1 antagonist bombesin sequence should provide safe working conditions for further development of this class of drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- a CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences & IBB CNR, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy.,b Invectors srl , Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosalba Mansi
- c Division of Radiological Chemistry, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- d Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Morisco
- e Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori , Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michela Aurilio
- e Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori , Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- f Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- f Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- f Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Diego Tesauro
- a CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences & IBB CNR, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy.,b Invectors srl , Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Aloj
- e Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori , Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- d Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- a CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences & IBB CNR, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy.,b Invectors srl , Napoli, Italy
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Development of a potent DOTA-conjugated bombesin antagonist for targeting GRPr-positive tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 38:97-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mansi R, Wang X, Forrer F, Kneifel S, Tamma ML, Waser B, Cescato R, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. Evaluation of a 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-Tetraacetic Acid–Conjugated Bombesin-Based Radioantagonist for the Labeling with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Therapeutic Radionuclides. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5240-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jensen RT, Battey JF, Spindel ER, Benya RV. International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian bombesin receptors: nomenclature, distribution, pharmacology, signaling, and functions in normal and disease states. Pharmacol Rev 2008; 60:1-42. [PMID: 18055507 PMCID: PMC2517428 DOI: 10.1124/pr.107.07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian bombesin receptor family comprises three G protein-coupled heptahelical receptors: the neuromedin B (NMB) receptor (BB(1)), the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (BB(2)), and the orphan receptor bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) (BB(3)). Each receptor is widely distributed, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS), and the receptors have a large range of effects in both normal physiology and pathophysiological conditions. The mammalian bombesin peptides, GRP and NMB, demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological/biological responses. GRP stimulates smooth muscle contraction and GI motility, release of numerous GI hormones/neurotransmitters, and secretion and/or hormone release from the pancreas, stomach, colon, and numerous endocrine organs and has potent effects on immune cells, potent growth effects on both normal tissues and tumors, potent CNS effects, including regulation of circadian rhythm, thermoregulation; anxiety/fear responses, food intake, and numerous CNS effects on the GI tract as well as the spinal transmission of chronic pruritus. NMB causes contraction of smooth muscle, has growth effects in various tissues, has CNS effects, including effects on feeding and thermoregulation, regulates thyroid-stimulating hormone release, stimulates various CNS neurons, has behavioral effects, and has effects on spinal sensory transmission. GRP, and to a lesser extent NMB, affects growth and/or differentiation of various human tumors, including colon, prostate, lung, and some gynecologic cancers. Knockout studies show that BB(3) has important effects in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, control of body weight, lung development and response to injury, tumor growth, and perhaps GI motility. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the biology/pharmacology of these receptors, including their classification, structure, pharmacology, physiology, and role in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Cornelio DB, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor as a molecular target in experimental anticancer therapy. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1457-66. [PMID: 17351255 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, several lines of experimental evidence have suggested that the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) may act as a growth factor in many types of cancer. For that reason, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonists have been developed as anticancer candidate compounds, exhibiting impressive antitumoral activity both in vitro and in vivo in various murine and human tumors. In this article, the GRPR cell surface expression profile in human malignancies is reviewed aiming at the identification of potential tumor types for future clinical trials with GRP analogues and antagonists. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the GRPR status in human malignancies. Source data were obtained by searching all published material available through Medline, PubMed and relevant articles from 1971 to 2006. The data available demonstrated a high expression of GRPRs in a large spectrum of human cancers, demonstrating the potential relevance of this intracellular signaling pathway in various human tumor models. The GRPR may be an interesting target for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies, as carriers for cytotoxins, immunotoxins or radioactive compounds, being also a potential tool for tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Cornelio
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Academic Hospital Research Center, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Synthesis of chiral β2,2,3-3-amino-2-hydroxyalkanoates and 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-β-lactams by double asymmetric induction. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Sex pheromone biosynthesis in many moth species is controlled by a cerebral neuropeptide, termed pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). PBAN is a 33 amino acid C-terminally amidated neuropeptide that is produced by neuroendocrine cells of the subesophageal ganglion (SEG). Studies of the regulation of sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths have revealed that this function can be elicited by additional neuropeptides all of which share the common C-terminal pentapeptide FXPRL-amide (X = S, T, G, V). In the past two decades extensive studies were carried out on the chemical, cellular and molecular aspects of PBAN and the other peptides (termed the pyrokinin (PK)/PBAN family) aiming to understand the mode of their action on sex pheromone biosynthesis. In the present review we focus on a few of these aspects, specifically on the: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the PK/PBAN family, (ii) characterization of the PK/PBAN receptor and (iii) development of a novel strategy for the generation of PK/PBAN antagonists and their employment in studying the mode of action of the PK/PBAN peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Altstein
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel.
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49
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Abstract
The development of a new integrated approach to the generation of a novel type of insect neuropeptide (Np) antagonists and putative insect control agents based on backbone cyclic compounds is described. The approach, termed the backbone cyclic neuropeptide-based antagonist (BBC-NBA), was applied to the insect pyrokinin (PK)/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family as a model, and led to the discovery of a potent linear lead antagonist and several highly potent, metabolically stable BBC antagonists, devoid of agonistic activity, which inhibited PBAN-mediated activities in moths in vivo. This review briefly summarizes our knowledge of insect Nps, describes the PK/PBAN Np family, presents the basic concepts behind the BBC-NBA approach, and introduces the advantages of this method for generation of Np agonists, antagonists and insecticide prototype molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Altstein
- Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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50
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Tokita K, Katsuno T, Hocart SJ, Coy DH, Llinares M, Martinez J, Jensen RT. Molecular basis for selectivity of high affinity peptide antagonists for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:36652-63. [PMID: 11463790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104566200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Few gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters have high affinity peptide receptor antagonists, and little is known about the molecular basis of their selectivity or affinity. The receptor mediating the action of the mammalian bombesin (Bn) peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is an exception, because numerous classes of peptide antagonists are described. To investigate the molecular basis for their high affinity for the GRPR, two classes of peptide antagonists, a statine analogue, JMV594 ([d-Phe(6),Stat(13)]Bn(6-14)), and a pseudopeptide analogue, JMV641 (d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leupsi(CHOH-CH(2))-(CH(2))(2)-CH(3)), were studied. Each had high affinity for the GRPR and >3,000-fold selectivity for GRPR over the closely related neuromedin B receptor (NMBR). To investigate the basis for this, we used a chimeric receptor approach to make both GRPR loss of affinity and NMBR gain of affinity chimeras and a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Chimeric or mutated receptors were transiently expressed in Balb/c 3T3. Only substitution of the fourth extracellular (EC) domain of the GRPR by the comparable NMBR domain markedly decreased the affinity for both antagonists. Substituting the fourth EC domain of NMBR into the GRPR resulted in a 300-fold gain in affinity for JMV594 and an 11-fold gain for JMV641. Each of the 11 amino acid differences between the GRPR and NMBR in this domain were exchanged. The substitutions of Thr(297) in GRPR by Pro from the comparable position in NMBR, Phe(302) by Met, and Ser(305) by Thr decreased the affinity of each antagonist. Simultaneous replacement of Thr(297), Phe(302), and Ser(305) in GRPR by the three comparable NMBR amino acids caused a 500-fold decrease in affinity for both antagonists. Replacing the comparable three amino acids in NMBR by those from GRPR caused a gain in affinity for each antagonist. Receptor modeling showed that each of these three amino acids faced inward and was within 5 A of the putative binding pocket. These results demonstrate that differences in the fourth EC domain of the mammalian Bn receptors are responsible for the selectivity of these two peptide antagonists. They demonstrate that Thr(297), Phe(302), and Ser(305) of the fourth EC domain of GRPR are the critical residues for determining GRPR selectivity and suggest that both receptor-ligand cation-pi interactions and hydrogen bonding are important for their high affinity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tokita
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1804, USA
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