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Akhlaghi E, Salari E, Mansouri M, Shafiei M, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Aghassi H, Fasihi Harandi M. Identification and comparison of intestinal microbial diversity in patients at different stages of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18912. [PMID: 39143364 PMCID: PMC11324937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a significant focus on the role of the host microbiome in different outcomes of human parasitic diseases, including cystic echinococcosis (CE). This study was conducted to identify the intestinal microbiome of patients with CE at different stages of hydatid cyst compared to healthy individuals. Stool samples from CE patients as well as healthy individuals were collected. The samples were divided into three groups representing various stages of hepatic hydatid cyst: active (CE1 and CE2), transitional (CE3), and inactive (CE4 and CE5). One family member from each group was selected to serve as a control. The gut microbiome of patients with different stages of hydatid cysts was investigated using metagenomic next-generation amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In this study, we identified 4862 Operational Taxonomic Units from three stages of hydatid cysts in CE patients and healthy individuals with a combined frequency of 2,955,291. The most abundant genera observed in all the subjects were Blautia, Agathobacter, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella. The highest microbial frequency was related to inactive forms of CE, and the lowest frequency was observed in the group with active forms. However, the lowest OTU diversity was found in patients with inactive cysts compared with those with active and transitional cyst stages. The genus Agatobacter had the highest OTU frequency. Pseudomonas, Gemella, and Ligilactobacillus showed significant differences among the patients with different stages of hydatid cysts. Additionally, Anaerostipes and Candidatus showed significantly different reads in CE patients compared to healthy individuals. Our findings indicate that several bacterial genera can play a role in the fate of hydatid cysts in patients at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Akhlaghi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Salari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mansouri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Surgery, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghassi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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2
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Saad E, Faris ME, Abdalla MS, Prasai P, Ali E, Stake J. A Rare Pathogen of Bones and Joints: A Systematic Review of Osteoarticular Infections Caused by Gemella morbillorum. J Clin Med Res 2023; 15:187-199. [PMID: 37187711 PMCID: PMC10181354 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) caused by Gemella morbillorum (G. morbillorum) are a rare clinical entity. This study aimed to review all published cases of OAI due to G. morbillorum. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted to report the demographic and clinical characteristics, microbiological data, management, and outcome of OAIs caused by G. morbillorum in the adult population. A total of 16 studies reporting on 16 patients were included in this review. Eight patients had arthritis and eight patients had osteomyelitis/discitis. The most reported risk factors were immunosuppression, poor dental hygiene/dental infections, and recent gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Five cases of arthritis occurred in a native joint while three patients had prostheses. The potential source of G. morbillorum infection was documented in more than half of the cases (56%) (most commonly odontogenic and GI sources (25% and 18%, respectively). The knee and hip joints were the most frequently affected joints in patients with arthritis, while the thoracic vertebrae were the most common sites for osteomyelitis/discitis. The blood cultures were positive in three patients with arthritis (37.5%) and five patients with osteomyelitis/discitis (62.5%). Associated endovascular infection was found in five patients with bacteremia. Contiguous spread (adjacent mediastinitis) was documented in two patients with sternal osteomyelitis and thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis. Surgical interventions were performed for 12 patients (75%). Most strains of G. morbillorum were susceptible to penicillin and cephalosporins. All patients with reported outcomes had achieved complete recovery. G. morbillorum is an emerging pathogen for OAIs in certain susceptible populations with specific risk factors. This review reported the demographic, clinical, and microbiological features of OAIs caused by G. morbillorum. A careful evaluation of an underlying infectious focus is warranted to control the source. When G. morbillorum bacteremia is present, it is also necessary to have a high index of suspicion to rule out an associated endovascular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltaib Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
- Corresponding Author: Eltaib Saad, Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Mohammed Elamin Faris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Abdalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Paritosh Prasai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Elrazi Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, One Brooklyn Health, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Stake
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Ascension Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
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3
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Pratt M, Forbes JD, Knox NC, Van Domselaar G, Bernstein CN. Colorectal Cancer Screening in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Can Characterization of GI Microbiome Signatures Enhance Neoplasia Detection? Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1409-1423.e1. [PMID: 34998802 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current noninvasive methods for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening are not optimized for persons with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), requiring patients to undergo frequent interval screening via colonoscopy. Although colonoscopy-based screening reduces CRC incidence in IBD patients, rates of interval CRC remain relatively high, highlighting the need for more targeted approaches. In recent years, the discovery of disease-specific microbiome signatures for both IBD and CRC has begun to emerge, suggesting that stool-based biomarker detection using metagenomics and other culture-independent technologies may be useful for personalized, early, noninvasive CRC screening in IBD patients. Here we discuss the utility of the stool microbiome as a noninvasive CRC screening tool. Comparing the performance of multiple microbiome-based CRC classifiers, including several multi-cohort meta-analyses, we find that noninvasive detection of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas from microbial biomarkers is an active area of study with promising early results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Pratt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jessica D Forbes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie C Knox
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Kishikawa T, Ogawa K, Motooka D, Hosokawa A, Kinoshita M, Suzuki K, Yamamoto K, Masuda T, Matsumoto Y, Nii T, Maeda Y, Nakamura S, Inohara H, Mochizuki H, Okuno T, Okada Y. A Metagenome-Wide Association Study of Gut Microbiome in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Revealed Novel Disease Pathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:585973. [PMID: 33363050 PMCID: PMC7759502 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.585973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While microbiome plays key roles in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), its mechanism remains elusive. Here, we conducted a comprehensive metagenome-wide association study (MWAS) of the relapsing-remitting MS gut microbiome (ncase = 26, ncontrol = 77) in the Japanese population, by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Our MWAS consisted of three major bioinformatic analytic pipelines (phylogenetic analysis, functional gene analysis, and pathway analysis). Phylogenetic case-control association tests showed discrepancies of eight clades, most of which were related to the immune system (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.10; e.g., Erysipelatoclostridium_sp. and Gemella morbillorum). Gene association tests found an increased abundance of one putative dehydrogenase gene (Clo1100_2356) and one ABC transporter related gene (Mahau_1952) in the MS metagenome compared with controls (FDR < 0.1). Molecular pathway analysis of the microbiome gene case-control comparisons identified enrichment of multiple Gene Ontology terms, with the most significant enrichment on cell outer membrane (P = 1.5 × 10−7). Interaction between the metagenome and host genome was identified by comparing biological pathway enrichment between the MS MWAS and the MS genome-wide association study (GWAS) results (i.e., MWAS-GWAS interaction). No apparent discrepancies in alpha or beta diversities of metagenome were found between MS cases and controls. Our shotgun sequencing-based MWAS highlights novel characteristics of the MS gut microbiome and its interaction with host genome, which contributes to our understanding of the microbiome’s role in MS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO) Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Hosokawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuro Nii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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5
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Espaladori MC, Diniz JMB, de Brito LCN, Tavares WLF, Kawai T, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Selenium intracanal dressing: effects on the periapical immune response. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2951-2958. [PMID: 33026524 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the selenium (Se) behavior when used as an endodontic dressing in teeth with pulp necrosis. Additionally, its effects was also compared with the calcium hydroxide (C.H.), which is used globally as a root canal dressing, and the combination of the C.H. with Se (C.H. + Se). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 60 patients requiring endodontic treatment who were divided into groups, i.e., without intracanal medication (empty) and with medications as follows: selenium (Se), calcium hydroxide (C.H.), and calcium hydroxide + selenium (C.H. + Se) (n = 15). After the coronary opening, three absorbent paper points were placed in the RCS and maintained for 2 min for microbial evaluation. Following the cleaning and shaping procedures, new paper points were introduced into the root canal system, passing passively through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 2 min, for immune evaluation. The collections were performed again 15 days later. Real-time PCR quantified the expression of the prokaryotic 16S ribosomal RNA. The 16S mRNA was evaluated before the cleaning and shaping procedures and 15 days later in the groups treated with or without medication. RESULTS A significant reduction in the microbial load was observed only in the groups that received endodontic dressing (p < 0.05). The cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-17A, IL-10, IL-6 and MCP-1, were also quantified by real-time PCR. There was an increase in the gene expression level of the cytokines (T15) TNF-α and IL-10 in the C.H. group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The IFN-γ mRNA expression was reduced in the groups treated with the medications (Se, C.H., and C.H. + Se). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that in the case of treatment over multiple sessions, the use of root canal dressing is essential to avoid the root canal system (RCS) microbial recolonization. Selenium potentiated the effects of calcium hydroxide inducing an anti-inflammatory response in periapical tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Se is a mineral essential for the formation of the amino acid selenocysteine, which is directly involved in the maintenance of the immune response. Selenium has been widely used in the medical field in the treatment of cancer, as an activator of bone metabolism, and as a stimulator of the immune system. In this study, it was shown that the incorporation of Se, whether as intracanal medication alone or in conjunction with other medications, may potentiate periapical tissue repair after RCS cleaning and shaping procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Mourão Braga Diniz
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Toshihisa Kawai
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ternes D, Karta J, Tsenkova M, Wilmes P, Haan S, Letellier E. Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer: How to Get from Meta-omics to Mechanism? Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:401-423. [PMID: 32298617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence from metagenomic analyses suggests that a state of pathological microbial imbalance or dysbiosis is prevalent in the gut of patients with colorectal cancer. Several bacterial taxa have been identified of which representative isolate cultures interact with human cancer cells in vitro and trigger disease pathways in animal models. However, how the complex interrelationships in dysbiotic communities may be involved in cancer pathogenesis remains a crucial question. Here, we provide a survey of current knowledge of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer. Moving beyond observational studies, we outline new experimental approaches for gaining ecosystem-level mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiome's role in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ternes
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jessica Karta
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mina Tsenkova
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Eco-Systems Biology group, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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7
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Santa-Rosa CC, Thebit MM, Maciel KF, Brito LCND, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP. Evaluation of chemokines and receptors in gnotobiotic root canal infection by F. nucleatum and E. faecalis. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e120. [PMID: 30517429 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the longitudinal effects of induced experimental infections in gnotoxenic animals on the expression of inflammatory chemokines and their receptors in periradicular tissues. The null hypothesis tested was that Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum had no effect on CCR5, CCL5, CXCL10, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCR2 and CCR1 expression. Two groups of five animals (n = 5) aged between 8 and 12 weeks were used in this study. The animals were anaesthetized, and coronary access was performed in the first molar on the right and left sides. Microorganisms were inoculated into the left molar, and the right molar was sealed without contamination to function as a control. Animals were sacrificed 7 and 14 days after infection, and periapical tissues were collected. The cytokine mRNA expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR. The chemokine mRNA expression levels demonstrated that the experimental infection was capable of inducing increased chemokine expression on day 7 compared to that on day 14, except for CCR5 and CCL5, which showed no changes. The gnotoxenic animal model proved to be effective and allowed evaluation of the immune response against a known infection. Additionally, this study demonstrates that gene expression of chemokines and their receptors against the experimental infection preferentially prevailed during the initial phase of induction of the periradicular alteration (i.e., on day 7 post-infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Christine Santa-Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Marçal Thebit
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Faria Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro-Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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8
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Espaladori MC, Maciel KF, Brito LCND, Kawai T, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Experimental furcal perforation treated with mineral trioxide aggregate plus selenium: immune response. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e103. [PMID: 30328900 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cytokines in response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plus selenium in germ-free mice with experimental furcal perforation. The first left maxillary molar was opened, and the furcal area was perforated and treated with post-MTA-Se (experimental group). The same surgical intervention was performed for the maxillary right first molar, which was treated with MTA (control group). Fifteen mice were sacrificed 7, 14, and 21 days after furcal perforation, and periapical tissue samples were collected. The mRNA expression levels of the cytokines TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, HPRT, IL-10, IL-4, RANK, RANKL, IL-1, and IL-17 were assessed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the experimental group, at 21-days post-MTA-Se sealing, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were upregulated compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). Futher assessment revealed basal mRNA expression levels of IL-1α, IFN-γ, RANK, RANKL, IL-17A, IL-4, and TGF-β, over long experimental times, in both the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MTA+Se sealing favoured increased expression of IL-10 and TNF-α at later time points (day 21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Departament of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Faria Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Departament of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leda Quércia Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Institute of Biological Sciences, Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Departament of Operative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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9
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Neelakantan P, Herrera DR, Pecorari VGA, Gomes BPFA. Endotoxin levels after chemomechanical preparation of root canals with sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine: a systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2018; 52:19-27. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - D. R. Herrera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Endodontics Division; Piracicaba Dental School; State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - V. G. A. Pecorari
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - B. P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Endodontics Division; Piracicaba Dental School; State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Piracicaba SP Brazil
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10
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Reis AL, Oliveira RR, Tavares WLF, Saldanha TDS, Farias LDM, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro AP. Murine Experimental Root Canal Infection: Cytokine Expression in Response to F. nucleatum and E. faecalis. Braz Dent J 2017; 27:578-583. [PMID: 27982237 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of proinflammatory (RANKL, TNF-a and IFN-g) and regulatory (TGF-b and IL-10) cytokines as reaction to experimental infection by mono or bi-association of Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 10953) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433). F. nucleatum and E. faecalis, either in mono- or bi-association were inoculated into the root canal system (RCS) of Balb/c mice. Animals were sacrificed at 10 and 20 days after infection and periapical tissues surrounding the root were collected. The mRNA expression of the cytokines RANKL, TNF-a, IFN- g, TGF-b and IL-10 was assessed using real-time PCR. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. F. nucleatum mono-infection induced high expression of RANKL and TNF-a, while its modulation was due to IL-10. High expression of IFN-g at day 20 was up-regulated by E. faecalis and RANKL; TNF-a was up-regulated by an independent mechanism via IL-10 and TGF-b. Bi-association (F. nucleatum and E. faecalis) stimulated high expression of RANKL, TNF-a and IFN-g, which seemed to be modulated by TGF-b 20 days later. The gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines was more prominent in the earlier periods of the experimental periapical infection, which concomitantly decreased in the later period. This expression may be regulated by IL-10 and TGF-b in an infection-specific condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Lamari Reis
- School of Dentistry, UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Reis Oliveira
- School of Dentistry, UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz de Macêdo Farias
- Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leda Quércia Vieira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro
- School of Dentistry, UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Herrera DR, Martinho FC, de-Jesus-Soares A, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Gomes BPFA. Clinical efficacy of EDTA ultrasonic activation in the reduction of endotoxins and cultivable bacteria. Int Endod J 2016; 50:933-940. [PMID: 27775835 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This clinical study was conducted to investigate the influence of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ultrasonic activation after chemomechanical preparation (CMP) on eliminating/reducing oral bacterial lipopolysaccharides (known as endotoxins) and cultivable bacteria in teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Samples were taken from 24 root canals at several clinical periods: S1 - before CMP; S2 - after CMP; S3 - after EDTA: G1 - with ultrasonic activation (n = 12) and G2 - without ultrasonic activation (n = 12). Root canals were instrumented using Mtwo rotary files. Culture techniques were used to determine the number of colony-forming units (CFU). Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) was used to measure endotoxin levels. Friedman's and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the amount of bacteria and endotoxin levels in each period (P < 0.05). RESULTS Endotoxins and cultivable bacteria were recovered in 100% of the initial samples (S1). CMP was effective in reducing endotoxins and bacterial load (all with P < 0.05). Higher values of endotoxin reduction were achieved with EDTA ultrasonic activation [G1, 0.02 EU mL-1 (range 0.01-0.75)] compared with the no activation group [G2, 1.13 EU mL-1 (range 0.01-8.34)] (P < 0.05). Regarding bacterial reduction, no statistically significant difference was found in S3, regardless of the group (G1, G2, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chemomechanical preparation was effective in reducing bacteria and endotoxins, but could not completely eliminate them. The ultrasonic activation of EDTA was effective in further reducing endotoxin levels in the root canals of teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Herrera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - F C Martinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Jose dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - A de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - A A Zaia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - C C R Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - J F A Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - B P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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12
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Robinson RT. IL12Rβ1: the cytokine receptor that we used to know. Cytokine 2014; 71:348-59. [PMID: 25516297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human IL12RB1 encodes IL12Rβ1, a type I transmembrane receptor that is an essential component of the IL12- and IL23-signaling complex. IL12RB1 is well-established as being a promoter of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), the immunological reaction that limits tuberculosis. However, recent data demonstrate that in addition to promoting DTH, IL12RB1 also promotes autoimmunity. The contradictory roles of IL12RB1 in human health raises the question, what are the factors governing IL12RB1 function in a given individual, and how is inter-individual variability in IL12RB1 function introduced? Here we review recent data that demonstrate individual variability in IL12RB1 function is introduced at the epigenetic, genomic polymorphism, and mRNA splicing levels. Where and how these differences contribute to disease susceptibility and outcome are also reviewed. Collectively, recent data support a model wherein IL12RB1 sequence variability - whether introduced at the genomic or post-transcriptional level - contributes to disease, and that human IL12RB1 is not as simple a gene as we once believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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13
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Braga JM, Oliveira RR, Martins RC, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. The effects of a mineral trioxide aggregate-based sealer on the production of reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species and cytokines by two macrophage subtypes. Int Endod J 2014; 47:909-19. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Braga
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora; Faculdade de Odontologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - R. R. Oliveira
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora; Faculdade de Odontologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - R. C. Martins
- Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva; Faculdade de Odontologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - A. P. Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora; Faculdade de Odontologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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14
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Maciel KF, Neves de Brito LC, Tavares WLF, Moreira G, Nicoli JR, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Cytokine expression in response to root canal infection in gnotobiotic mice. Int Endod J 2012; 45:354-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Moreira Júnior G, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP, Bambirra BHS, Bambirra FHS, Carvalho MAR, Farias LM, Nicoli JR, Moreira ES. Synergistic growth effect among bacteria recovered from root canal infections. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:973-9. [PMID: 24031714 PMCID: PMC3768796 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the ecological relationships between bacterial species that colonize infected root canals. Root canal bacteria recovered from one patient with pulp canal necrosis were evaluated in vitro for synergistic and antagonistic activities determined by mono and co-culture growth kinetics and the production of bacteriocin-like substances using the double layer diffusion method. Peptostreptococcus prevotii triggered a significant increase of Fusobacterium nucleatum growth, while the former bacteria did not affect the growth of P. prevotii. The bacterial species did not produce antagonism activity against itself or against any of the other two species. Despite many studies have demonstrated the capability of root canal microorganisms to produce antagonistic substances, these in vitro experimental tests show the synergistic effect of P. prevotii on the growth of F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Auxiliadora Roque Carvalho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz Macedo Farias
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jacques Robert Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Spangler Moreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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16
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FIGDOR DAVID, GULABIVALA KISHOR. Survival against the odds: microbiology of root canals associated with post-treatment disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2011.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Sattari M, Haghighi AK, Tamijani HD. The relationship of pulp polyp with the presence and concentration of immunoglobulin E, histamine, interleukin-4 and interleukin-12. AUST ENDOD J 2010; 35:164-8. [PMID: 19961456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2009.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pulp polyp formation and immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine and interleukin-4 (IL-4) as the most important mediators which are involved in allergy. Thirty-two samples including 16 pulp polyps and 16 normal pulps were gathered. After homogenising the pulpal tissue samples, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to assess the concentration of IgE, histamine, IL-4 and IL-12. The two groups showed statistically significant differences in terms of both the concentration and presence of IgE, histamine and IL-4 (P < 0.001); both presence and concentration of IgE, histamine and IL-4 were higher in pulp polyps than in normal pulps. There is not any significant difference between case and control groups regarding IL-12. The results of this study give rise to the possibility of type I hypersensitivity reaction being involved in pulp polyp's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Sattari
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
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18
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A decrease in the innate immune response to infection in the presence of root canal sealers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Benedetti P, Rassu M, Branscombe M, Sefton A, Pellizzer G. Gemella morbillorum: an underestimated aetiology of central nervous system infection? J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1652-1656. [PMID: 19713361 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.013367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A case is reported of cerebellar abscess and diffuse cerebritis due to Gemella morbillorum. The clinical course was 'biphasic', developing with an acute meningeal infection followed shortly afterwards by suppuration in the cerebellar and cerebral parenchyma; this pattern seemed to suggest a latent survival of the aetiological agent, probably within the central nervous system (CNS), despite systemic antibiotic therapy. Based upon a review of cases so far described, infections of the CNS caused by G. morbillorum appear to be an emerging reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benedetti
- Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale S. Bortolo, Viale F. Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Mario Rassu
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia, Ospedale S. Bortolo, Viale F. Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Michele Branscombe
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Infectious Disease, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Armine Sefton
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Infectious Disease, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giampietro Pellizzer
- Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale S. Bortolo, Viale F. Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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20
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A novel vaccine targeting Fusobacterium nucleatum against abscesses and halitosis. Vaccine 2009; 27:1589-95. [PMID: 19162109 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An abscess in a gum pocket, resulting from bacterial infection, is a common source of chronic halitosis. Although antibiotics are generally prescribed for abscesses, they require multiple treatments with risks of creating resistant bacterial strains. Here we develop a novel vaccine using ultraviolet-inactivated Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), a representative oral bacterium for halitosis. A gum pocket model, established by continuous inoculation of F. nucleatum, was employed to validate the vaccine potency. Mice immunized with inactivated F. nucleatum effectively minimized the progression of abscesses, measured by swollen tissues of gum pockets. Most notably, the immunized mice were capable of eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the production of volatile sulfur compounds of F. nucleatum. The novel vaccine inducing protective immunity provides an alternative option to conventional antibiotic treatments for chronic halitosis associated with abscesses.
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21
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Rezende TMB, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR, Oliveira RR, Taubman MA, Kawai T. The influence of mineral trioxide aggregate on adaptive immune responses to endodontic pathogens in mice. J Endod 2009; 34:1066-71. [PMID: 18718367 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on adaptive immune responses. BALB/c mice were immunized with heat-killed Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in MTA or other control adjuvants, and serum IgG responses to Fn were measured. Either Fn- or Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa)-reactive memory T cells (Tm) were preincubated in vitro with/without MTA and restimulated with Fn or Pa. Tm proliferation and cytokine production were assessed. Compared with control groups, immunoglobulin G-antibody responses were upregulated in mice immunized with Fn in MTA in a similar manner to animals immunized with Fn in Freund's adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Although MTA did not affect the upregulated expression of interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or RANKL by Tm, it suppressed the proliferation of Pa- or Fn-Tm and inhibited their production of Th1- or Th2-signature cytokines. MTA upregulated the adaptive humoral immune responses but had little or no effect on pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production by Tm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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22
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Marcato LG, Ferlini AP, Bonfim RCF, Ramos-Jorge ML, Ropert C, Afonso LFC, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. The role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production by macrophage cells stimulated with root canal pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:353-9. [PMID: 18793356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical lesions arise as a result of the activation and interaction of the host immune responses against root canal infection. Recently identified Toll-like receptors (TLR) seem to be involved in the recognition and development of immune responses against a myriad of microorganisms. However, very little information is available on the role of TLR in the induction of periapical lesions. METHOD The role of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in the activation of murine macrophages stimulated using Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was investigated. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrate that TLR-2 and TLR-4 are involved in the production of ROS by activated macrophages. The microorganisms induced similar levels of NO production by TLR-2-competent and TLR-2-deficient macrophages, regardless of the addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), ruling out a role for TLR-2 in the NO production induced by these bacteria. Only P. anaerobius induced NO production by TLR-4-competent macrophages without the addition of IFN-gamma. However, after IFN-gamma addition, F. nucleatum induced macrophage NO production. Therefore, NO production stimulated by IFN-gamma and these microorganisms seems to be TLR-4-independent. CONCLUSION TLR-2 seems to be involved in the induction of ROS production by macrophages in response to prevalent root canal bacteria, while only F. nucleatum induced ROS production by TLR-4-competent macrophages. Both microorganisms significantly induced large amounts of NO independent of TLR-2 and TLR-4. We conclude that microorganisms may participate in the induction and progression of periapical lesions through NO and ROS production by activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Marcato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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23
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Rezende TMB, Vargas DL, Cardoso FP, Sobrinho APR, Vieira LQ. Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on cytokine production by peritoneal macrophages. Int Endod J 2005; 38:896-903. [PMID: 16343117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the effect of two commercial brands of grey mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot and MTA-Angelus) on cytokine production by M1 and M2 inflammatory macrophages. METHODOLOGY M1 (from C57BL/6 mice) and M2 peritoneal inflammatory macrophages (from C57BL/6 IL12p40-/- mice) were obtained and cultured in vitro in the presence of MTA. The cellular viability and the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 in response to stimulation with interferon-gamma and Fusobacterium nucleatum or Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were evaluated. Data were analysed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and anova tests. RESULTS The cements did not interfere with cellular viability or with cytokine production by either type of macrophage. However, M2 macrophages produced higher levels of IL-10 when stimulated with F. nucleatum than M1 macrophages (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The brands of MTA evaluated did not interfere in the cytokine response by M1 or M2 macrophages to the two bacteria tested. However, a difference in cytokine production between the two types of macrophages was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M B Rezende
- Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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24
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Oliveira MR, Tafuri WL, Afonso LCC, Oliveira MAP, Nicoli JR, Vieira EC, Scott P, Melo MN, Vieira LQ. Germ-free mice produce high levels of interferon-gamma in response to infection with Leishmania major but fail to heal lesions. Parasitology 2005; 131:477-88. [PMID: 16174412 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005008073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the importance of the host microbiota on differentiation of T cell subsets in response to infection, Swiss/NIH germ-free mice and conventional (microbiota-bearing) mice were infected with Leishmania major, and lesion development, parasite loads, and cytokine production were assessed. Germ-free mice failed to heal lesions and presented a higher number of parasites at the site of infection than their conventional counterparts. In addition, histopathological analysis indicated a higher density of parasitized macrophages in lesions from germ-free mice than in conventional mice. The initial production of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in germ-free mice was comparable to the conventional controls. Also, germ-free mice produced elevated levels of IFN-gamma and lower levels of IL-4 throughout the course of infection, suggesting the development of a Th1 response. Macrophages from germ-free mice exposed to IFN-gamma and infected with amastigotes in vitro were not as efficient at killing parasites as macrophages from conventional animals. These observations indicate that the microbiota is not essential for the development of Th1 immune responses, but seems to be important for macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Oliveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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25
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Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP, Rabelo FLA, Figueiredo CB, Alvarez-Leite JI, Nicoli JR, Uzeda M, Vieira LQ. Bacteria recovered from dental pulp induce apoptosis of lymph node cells. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:413-416. [PMID: 15770029 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is critical in the pathogenesis of several infectious diseases. The induction of apoptosis was assessed in mouse lymph node cells by four bacteria recovered from infected human dental pulp: Gemella morbillorum, Clostridium butyricum, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Smaller lymph nodes and smaller numbers of cells were observed after experimental dental pulp infection with C. butyricum, suggesting that this bacterium induces cell death. Apoptosis was evaluated by determination of cell ploidy and detection of DNA degradation in cells cultured with killed bacteria. Paraformaldehyde-killed C. butyricum and heat-killed G. morbillorum induced substantial cell death, while F. nucleatum and B. adolescentis induced cell death at lower levels. No bacterial preparations induced apoptosis in cells from mice genetically deficient for tumour necrosis factor receptor p55 (TNFRp55), implicating this receptor directly or indirectly as a mediator in the process. It was concluded that apoptosis may be induced during periapical lesions of pulpal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ribeiro-Sobrinho
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F LA Rabelo
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Bo Figueiredo
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J I Alvarez-Leite
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J R Nicoli
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Uzeda
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Q Vieira
- Dental School1, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/ICB2 and Department of Microbiology/ICB3, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CP 486, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 4Department of Microbiology - Institute of Microbiology 'Professor Paulo de Góes', UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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