1
|
Grigorenko AP, Moliaka YK, Plotnikova OV, Smirnov A, Nikishina VA, Goltsov AY, Gusev F, Andreeva TV, Nelson O, Bezprozvanny I, Rogaev EI. Mutational re-modeling of di-aspartyl intramembrane proteases: uncoupling physiologically-relevant activities from those associated with Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82006-82026. [PMID: 29137240 PMCID: PMC5669866 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramembrane proteolytic activities of presenilins (PSEN1/PS1 and PSEN2/PS2) underlie production of β-amyloid, the key process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dysregulation of presenilin-mediated signaling is linked to cancers. Inhibition of the γ-cleavage activities of PSENs that produce Aβ, but not the ε-like cleavage activity that release physiologically essential transcription activators, is a potential approach for the development of rational therapies for AD. In order to identify whether different activities of PSEN1 can be dissociated, we designed multiple mutations in the evolutionary conserved sites of PSEN1. We tested them in vitro and in vivo assays and compared their activities with mutant isoforms of presenilin-related intramembrane di-aspartyl protease (IMPAS1 (IMP1)/signal peptide peptidase (SPP)). PSEN1 auto-cleavage was more resistant to the mutation remodeling than the ε-like proteolysis. PSEN1 with a G382A or a P433A mutation in evolutionary invariant sites retains functionally important APP ε- and Notch S3- cleavage activities, but G382A inhibits APP γ-cleavage and Aβ production and a P433A elevates Aβ. The G382A variant cannot restore the normal cellular ER Ca2+ leak in PSEN1/PSEN2 double knockout cells, but efficiently rescues the loss-of-function (Egl) phenotype of presenilin in C. elegans. We found that, unlike in PSEN1 knockout cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak is not changed in the absence of IMP1/SPP. IMP1/SPP with the analogous mutations retained efficiency in cleavage of transmembrane substrates and rescued the lethality of Ce-imp-2 knockouts. In summary, our data show that mutations near the active catalytic sites of intramembrane di-aspartyl proteases have different consequences on proteolytic and signaling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia P Grigorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.,Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Youri K Moliaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Olga V Plotnikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Vera A Nikishina
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Andrey Y Goltsov
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Fedor Gusev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Andreeva
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Omar Nelson
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.,Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verdile G, Gandy SE, Martins RN. The role of presenilin and its interacting proteins in the biogenesis of Alzheimer's beta amyloid. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:609-23. [PMID: 16944319 PMCID: PMC1832151 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis and accumulation of the beta amyloid protein (Abeta) is a key event in the cascade of oxidative and inflammatory processes that characterises Alzheimer's disease. The presenilins and its interacting proteins play a pivotal role in the generation of Abeta from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In particular, three proteins (nicastrin, aph-1 and pen-2) interact with presenilins to form a large multi-subunit enzymatic complex (gamma-secretase) that cleaves APP to generate Abeta. Reconstitution studies in yeast and insect cells have provided strong evidence that these four proteins are the major components of the gamma-secretase enzyme. Current research is directed at elucidating the roles that each of these protein play in the function of this enzyme. In addition, a number of presenilin interacting proteins that are not components of gamma-secretase play important roles in modulating Abeta production. This review will discuss the components of the gamma-secretase complex and the role of presenilin interacting proteins on gamma-secretase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s disease Research and Care, and the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 WA Australia
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia
| | - Samuel E Gandy
- Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s disease Research and Care, and the Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 WA Australia
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Yang L, Conde-Knape K, Beher D, Shearman MS, Shachter NS. Fatty acids increase presenilin-1 levels and γ-secretase activity in PSwt-1 cells. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:2368-76. [PMID: 15375184 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400317-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PS1) is an important determinant of the gamma-secretase activity necessary for the generation of beta-amyloid (Abeta), likely the central pathogenic molecule in Alzheimer's disease. Most presenilin is rapidly degraded, and determinants of the level of the active cleaved form are unknown. We examined the influence of fatty acids on PS1 levels and gamma-secretase activity using stably transfected CHO cells that express human PS1 and the human amyloid precursor protein. Cells cultured with 0.4 mM oleic acid (OA), with 0.1 mM linoleic acid, or with a triglyceride emulsion expressed increased PS1 and Abeta. This effect was independent of any secondary increase in cellular cholesterol. Cells cultured in 0.4 mM OA also exhibited significantly increased gamma-secretase activity. PS1 mRNA levels were unchanged, and pulse-chase experiments indicated that OA slowed presenilin holoprotein degradation. Nontransfected human neuroblastoma cells also showed increased presenilin when cultured in 0.4 mM OA. Lipids may be important biological determinants of PS1 level and gamma-secretase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ling Y, Morgan K, Kalsheker N. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the biology of proteolytic processing: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 35:1505-35. [PMID: 12824062 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides 1-40 and 1-42. The latter is neurotoxic and its accumulation results in amyloid fibril formation and the generation of senile plaques, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whilst there has been considerable progress made in understanding the generation of Abeta by alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretase activity on APP, recently enzymes involved in the degradation of Abeta have been identified including neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). We review the pathways involved in proteolytic processing of APP and discuss the potential implications of aberrant proteolysis on neurodegeneration. It is conceivable that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions of genes in these proteolytic cascades, which alter their expression, could contribute to some of the age-related changes seen in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ling
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sernee MF, Evin G, Culvenor JG, Villadangos JA, Beyreuther K, Masters CL, Cappai R. Selecting cells with different Alzheimer's disease gamma-secretase activity using FACS. Differential effect on presenilin exon 9 gamma- and epsilon-cleavage. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:495-506. [PMID: 12542699 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate step in Alzheimer's disease Abeta generation involves gamma-secretase, which releases Abeta from its membrane-bound precursor. A similar presenilin-dependent proteolytic activity is implicated in the release of the Notch intracellular domain. We have developed a novel assay for gamma-secretase activity based on green fluorescent protein detection. This involves cotransfection of a substrate-activator based on the amyloid precursor protein or the Notch sequence and a fluorescent reporter gene. Stable fluorescent cell populations were selected by fluorescent activated cell sorting and characterized. This assay enabled the identification and sorting of populations, which differ in their levels of gamma-secretase activity, with high fluorescent cells producing more Abeta than low fluorescent cells. Specific gamma-secretase inhibitors, L-685,458 and MW167, reduced cell fluorescence in a dose-dependent manner that paralleled inhibition of Abeta secretion. Overexpression of presenilin 1 increased the cell fluorescence. Cells expressing presenilin with different aspartate mutations (D257A, D385A and D257A/D385A) or exon 9 deletion mutation showed reduced fluorescence. The single aspartate mutations showed a concomitant reduction in Abeta secretion, whereas the D257A/D385A and DeltaE9 mutations had no effect on Abeta secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fleur Sernee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fortini ME. Gamma-secretase-mediated proteolysis in cell-surface-receptor signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002; 3:673-84. [PMID: 12209127 DOI: 10.1038/nrm910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many cell-surface receptors transmit signals to the nucleus through complex protein cascades. By contrast, the Notch signalling pathway uses a relatively direct mechanism, in which the intracellular domain of the receptor is liberated by intramembrane cleavage and translocates to the nucleus. This critical cleavage is mediated by the gamma-secretase complex, and new findings reveal that this mechanism is used by various receptors, although many questions remain about the biochemical details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Fortini
- Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 560, Room 22-12, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu G, Chen F, Nishimura M, Steiner H, Tandon A, Kawarai T, Arawaka S, Supala A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Holmes E, Zhang DM, Milman P, Fraser P, Haass C, St George-Hyslop P. Mutation of conserved aspartates affect maturation of presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 complexes. ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2001; 176:6-11. [PMID: 11261807 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2000.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin (PS1 and PS2) holoproteins are transiently incorporated into low molecular weight (MW) complexes. During subsequent incorporation into a higher MW complex, they undergo endoproteolysis to generate stable N- and C-terminal fragments (NTF/CTF). Mutation of either of two conserved aspartate residues in transmembrane domains inhibits both presenilin-endoproteolysis and the proteolytic processing of APP and Notch. We show that aspartate-mutant holoprotein presenilins are not incorporated into the high molecular weight, NTF/CTF-containing complexes. Aspartate-mutant presenilin holoproteins also preclude entry of endogenous wild-type PS1/PS2 into the high molecular weight complexes, but do not affect the incorporation of wild-type holoproteins into lower molecular weight holoprotein complexes. These data suggest that the loss-of-function aspartate-mutants cause altered PS complex maturation, and argue that the functional presenilin moieties are contained in the high molecular weight presenilin NTF/CTF-containing complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Yu
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medical, Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|