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He H, Xia X, Yang H, Peng Q, Zheng J. A pilot study: a possible implication of Candida as an etiologically endogenous pathogen for oral lichen planus. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:72. [PMID: 32171292 PMCID: PMC7071738 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotypic profiles of Candida albicans in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Materials and methods Positive rates and genotypic profiles of Candida albicans strains from OLP patients and healthy controls were analyzed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA and internal transcribed spacer of ribosome DNA polymerase chain reactions were used to sequence the DNA of these strains, and then their genetic similarity was measured using BLAST, UIV Band, and Vector NTI Suite Sequence Analyses Software. Results The prevalence of C. albicans strains detected from erosive-OLP, non-erosive OLP, and normal individuals was 18.87, 18.75, and 7.92%, respectively. Four different genotypes were revealed by the two methods. To be specific, type I was found only in the healthy subjects; type II a and II b were found in non-erosive OLP, and type III was identified in erosive OLP. Intragroup similarity coefficients, i.e. SAB were 100%, and inter-groups similarity coefficients, i.e. SAB were less than 30%. Conclusions The genotypic results of C. albicans in OLP revealed an endogenous rather than exogenous infection of C. albicans. In addition, a possible pathogenic role of C. albicans in OLP, with the etiologic sense contributing to a more proper recognition on the pathogenesis, development, and progression of OLP, as well as some strategies for its diagnosis and treatment were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyu Xia
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoer Zheng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Characterization of the Same Mutations in FCA1 Gene Associated With 5-FC Resistance of Candida albicans. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mahmoudi S, Roustaei M, Zaini F, Kordbacheh P, Safara M. In vitro antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada and fluconazole against pathogenic Candida species. Curr Med Mycol 2015; 1:7-12. [PMID: 28680982 PMCID: PMC5490307 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Candida species constitute an important group of opportunistic fungi, which cause various clinical diseases. Considering the resistance of some Candida species to conventional antifungal agents, treatment of such cases may be challenging and complicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada latex and fluconazole against different Candida species. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 Candida isolates including C. albicans (n=77), C. glabrata (n=28), C. parapsilosis (n=23), C. tropicalis (n=15), C. krusei (n=4), C. famata (n=1), C. kefyr (n=1) and C. inconspicua (n=1) were included in this study. In vitro antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada latex and fluconazole against these Candida species were evaluated, according to M27-A2 protocol on broth macrodilution method by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS Among 150 Candida isolates, 98 isolates (65.33%), i.e., C. albicans (n=41), C. glabrata (n=23), C. tropicalis (n=12) and C. parapsilosis (n=22) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 8 μg/ml were susceptible to fluconazole. Resistance to fluconazole was noted in 15 isolates, i.e., C. albicans (n=10), C. glabrata (n=2), C. krusei (n=1), C. kefyr (n=1), and C. inconspicua (n=1), with MICs of 64 µg/ml. The remaining isolates (n=37) including C. albicans (n=26), C. glabrata (n=3), C. tropicalis (n=3), C. parapsilosis (n=1), C. krusei (n=3) and C. famata (n=1) with MIC= 16-32 µg/ml showed dose-dependent susceptibility. The latex of Euphorbia macroclada was able to inhibit the growth of 30 out of 150 tested Candida isolates with MIC range of 128-512 µg/ml. These isolates were as follows: C. albicans (n=2), C. glabrata (n=4), C. parapsilosis (n=19), C. krusei (n=2) and C. tropicalis (n=3). Compared to other isolates, higher MIC values were noted for C. albicans and C. glabrata (512 µg/ml), respectively. CONCLUSION The latex of Euphorbia macroclada showed notable antifungal activities against some pathogenic Candida species. Therefore, it can be potentially used as an alternative antifungal agent in future. However, further research is required to identify its active components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Zaini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fekrazad R, Ghasemi Barghi V, Poorsattar Bejeh Mir A, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M. In vitro photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans by phenothiazine dye (new methylene blue) and Indocyanine green (EmunDo®). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Costa CR, Hasimoto e Souza LK, Ataídes FS, Ferri PH, Costa MPD, Fernanades ODFL, Silva MDRR. Molecular analysis and dimorphism of azole-susceptible and resistant Candida albicans isolates. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:740-4. [PMID: 22094708 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candida albicans is responsible for superficial or systemic infections known as candidiasis, which may be found in infected tissue as unicellular budding yeasts, hyphae, or pseudohyphae. In this study, the effects of both fluconazole and itraconazole antifungal agents on the hyphal formation and genotypic characterization of C. albicans isolates classified as either susceptible or resistant were investigated. METHODS The hyphal production of five C. albicans isolates under the action of antifungal agents was investigated by culturing yeast on growth medium and on hyphal induction medium. The genotypic characterization was carried out for 13 isolates of C. albicans using the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) method. RESULTS The dimorphism analysis showed that the hyphal formation was higher in resistant than in the susceptible isolates to both azoles. The RAPD-PCR method identified the formation of two different groups. In group A, four resistant and two susceptible isolates were clustered, and in group B, one resistant and six susceptible isolates were clustered. CONCLUSIONS Considering that hyphal formation was higher in resistant isolates in the presence of azole drugs, we confirmed that the hyphal production is closely related to susceptibility to azoles. These drugs may affect the morphogenesis of C. albicans depending on their susceptibility to these drugs. In relation to RAPD-PCR, most resistant isolates classified in group A and susceptible isolates in group B demonstrated that this method presented a similar standard between the two groups, suggesting that by this technique, a strong correlation between genotypes and fluconazole-resistant samples may be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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Lyon JP, Moraes KCM, Moreira LM, Aimbire F, de Resende MA. Candida albicans: genotyping methods and clade related phenotypic characteristics. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:841-9. [PMID: 24031564 PMCID: PMC3769759 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several molecular methods, such as Southern blotting hybridization, Multilocus Sequence Typing, and DNA microsatellite analysis, have been employed to genotype Candida albicans. The genotype analysis allows to group strains in clades, that is, a group composed of one ancestor and its descendants. These genotype studies demonstrate that clades distribution is influenced by geographic area as well as that antifungal resistance is associated with particular clades. These findings suggested that C. albicans reproduces mainly in a clonal manner, with certain degree of DNA microevolution. Additionally, virulence factors and site of isolation have also been associated with clade specificity. The present article is a brief review about the methods used for Candida genotyping and the correlated clade systems established. Special emphasis is given to Ca3 hybridization, MLST, and Microsatellites. The present work is also focused on the phenotypic and physiological traits associated with Candida clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Lyon
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei , São João Del-Rei, MG , Brasil ; Universidade do Vale do Paraíba , São José dos Campos, SP , Brasil
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Mijiti J, Pu XM, Erfan A, Yaguchi T, Chibana H, Tanaka R. Genotyping of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolated from Uighurian people in Xinjing (China) using ALTS/RFLP and micro-TGGE method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:165-8. [PMID: 20716855 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.51.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed for 38 Candida albicans strains isolated from oral cavities of 43 Uighurian AIDS patients. Results showed that six isolates were resistant to fluconazole; one showed low susceptibility. We attempted to examine these strains molecular-epidemiologically, but 25S rDNA genotyping was insufficient for their discrimination. To estimate whether the origins of resistant strains were identical, we developed a new combination method of C. albicans tandem repeating units (ALTS)/RFLP and micro-temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (micro-TGGE). This new method was able to distinguish all seven strains. A suspected nosocomial infection was ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhaer Mijiti
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Zheng H, Jiang YY, Wang Y, Jia XM, Yan TH, Gao PH, Yan L, Jiang LH, Ji H, Cao YB. TOP2 gene disruption reduces drug susceptibility by increasing intracellular ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:797-803. [PMID: 20223895 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.018325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the role of the TOP2 gene in fungal drug susceptibility was investigated by disrupting and overexpressing the gene in Candida albicans. MIC determination and a spot assay showed that a top2Delta/Delta null mutant (strain T2bc) was more resistant to the antifungals tested than the wild-type (strain CAI4). Real-time RT-PCR and rhodamine 6G efflux examination showed that TOP2 did not influence the activity of drug efflux pumps. Sterol analysis with GC/high-resolution MS indicated that the intracellular ergosterol composition of the top2Delta/Delta mutant was significantly increased. Subsequently, fluorescence polarization measurements also revealed that Top2-deprived cells displayed a decrease in membrane fluidity, resulting in enhanced passive diffusion of the drugs. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis further confirmed that the ERG11 gene, an essential gene in ergosterol biosynthesis, was upregulated. These results demonstrate a close relationship between the TOP2 gene and drug susceptibility in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuan-Ying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tian-Hua Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ping-Hui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ling-Huo Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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Chen KW, Chen YC, Lo HJ, Odds FC, Wang TH, Lin CY, Li SY. Multilocus sequence typing for analyses of clonality of Candida albicans strains in Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2172-8. [PMID: 16757617 PMCID: PMC1489451 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00320-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize the genetic profiles of 51 Candida albicans isolates collected from 12 hospitals in Taiwan. Among the 51 isolates, 16 were epidemiologically unrelated, 28 were isolates from 11 critically ill, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients, and 7 were long-term serial isolates from 3 HIV-positive patients. Internal regions of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. A total of 83 polymorphic nucleotide sites were identified. Ten to 20 different genotypes were observed at the different loci, resulting, when combined, in 45 unique genotype combinations or diploid sequence types (DSTs). Thirty (36.1%) of the 83 individual changes were synonymous and 53 (63.9%) were nonsynonymous. Due to the diploid nature of C. albicans, MLST was more discriminatory than the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-BssHII-restricted fragment method in discriminating epidemiologically related strains. MLST is able to trace the microevolution over time of C. albicans isolates in the same patient. All but one of the DSTs of our Taiwanese strain collections were novel to the internet C. albicans DST database (http://test1.mlst.net/). The DSTs of C. albicans in Taiwan were analyzed together with those of the reference strains and of the strains from the United Kingdom and United States by unweighted-pair group method using average linkages and minimum spanning tree. Our result showed that the DNA type of each isolate was patient specific and associated with ABC type and decade of isolation but not associated with mating type, anatomical source of isolation, hospital origin, or fluconazole resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chen
- Laboratory for Mycology, Division of Research and Diagnostics, Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dassanayake RS, Samaranayake YH, Yau JYY, Samaranayake LP. DNA FINGERPRINTING ELICITED EVOLUTIONARY TREND OF ORAL CANDIDA TROPICALIS ISOLATES FROM DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC LOCALES. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen CJ, Weng YH, Su LH, Huang YC. Molecular evidence of congenital candidiasis associated with maternal candidal vaginitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:655-6. [PMID: 16804443 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000220233.00827.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A premature newborn born to a mother with candidal vaginitis developed congenital invasive candidiasis. The isolates of Candida albicans from the bloodstream and the oral cavity of the neonate and the vagina of the mother shared a common genotype, which provide direct evidence of the association of congenital candidiasis with candidal vaginitis in the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Chen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chen KW, Lo HJ, Lin YH, Li SY. Comparison of four molecular typing methods to assess genetic relatedness of Candida albicans clinical isolates in Taiwan. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:249-258. [PMID: 15713608 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the investigation of the genetic profiles of 53 Candida albicans isolates collected from 18 hospitals in Taiwan using three PFGE-based typing methods (PFGE karyotyping, and PFGE of SfiI and BssHII restriction fragments) and one repetitive-sequence-PCR (rep-PCR) method. All four methods were able to identify clonal related isolates from the same patients. PFGE-BssHII exhibited the highest discriminatory power by discriminating 40 genotypes, followed by PFGE-SfiI (35 genotypes) and then by rep-PCR (31 genotypes), while PFGE karyotyping exhibited the lowest discriminatory power (19 genotypes). High discriminatory power can also be achieved by combining typing methods with different typing mechanisms, such as rep-PCR and PFGE-based typing methods. The results also showed that the genotype of each isolate was patient-specific and not associated with the source of the isolation, geographic origin or antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chen
- Laboratory for Mycopathogens, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, Division of Laboratory Research and Development, Center for Disease Control, 161 Kun-Yang Street, Nan-Kang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan 2Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- Laboratory for Mycopathogens, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, Division of Laboratory Research and Development, Center for Disease Control, 161 Kun-Yang Street, Nan-Kang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan 2Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Laboratory for Mycopathogens, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, Division of Laboratory Research and Development, Center for Disease Control, 161 Kun-Yang Street, Nan-Kang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan 2Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Laboratory for Mycopathogens, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, Division of Laboratory Research and Development, Center for Disease Control, 161 Kun-Yang Street, Nan-Kang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan 2Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2002; 19:1183-90. [PMID: 12371408 DOI: 10.1002/yea.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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