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Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wang C, Shi J, He J, Chen J, Liang L, Jiang F. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods for the rapid identification of Amanita exitialis. Food Chem 2024; 448:139086. [PMID: 38520990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Amanita exitialis, a deadly mushroom found in eastern Asia, causes the highest death rates among all poisonous mushrooms in China. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient, accurate, and user-friendly PCR-based method for identifying A. exitialis that could facilitate the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of associated food poisoning. A. exitialis-specific primers and probes were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer region variations of 27 mushroom species. Specificity was confirmed using conventional and real-time PCR for 23 non-target mushroom species, including morphologically similar and closely related species. Compared to conventional PCR, real-time PCR was more sensitive (detectable DNA concentration: 1.36 × 10-2 ng/μL vs. 1.36 × 10-3) and efficient (analysis time: 1 h vs. 40 min). Furthermore, the real-time PCR results could be immediately visualized using amplification curve analysis. The results present two robust PCR-based methods for A. exitialis identification that can facilitate food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junxia Shi
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Jiayao He
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Zhongshan Customs Technology Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, China.
| | - Liang Liang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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Dong Q, Zhang Y, Zhong S, Zhang Q, Yang H, Yang H, Yi X, Tan F, Chen C, Luo P. Conserved DNA sequence analysis reveals the phylogeography and evolutionary events of Akebia trifoliata in the region across the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and subtropical China. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38654171 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eastern edge of the Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau (QTP) and subtropical China have various regions where plant species originate and thrive, but these regions have been the focus of very few integrative studies. Here, we elucidated the phylogeographic structure of a continuous and widespread Akebia trifoliata population across these two regions. RESULTS Sixty-one populations consisting of 391 genotypes were examined to assess population diversity and structure via network distribution analysis, maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree reconstruction, divergence time estimation, demographic history inference, and ancestral area reconstruction of both conserved internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast (rps16) DNA sequences. The results showed that the ITS region was more variable than the rps16 region and could be suitable for studying intraspecific phylogeography. The A. trifoliata population displayed high genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and obvious phylogeographical structure, possibly originating on the eastern QTP, expanding during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, diverging in the early Pleistocene and middle Pleistocene, and extensively migrating thereafter. The migration route from west to east along rivers could be largely responsible for the long-distance dispersal of this species, while three main refuges (Qinba Mountains, Nanling Mountains and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) with multiple ice shelters facilitated its wide distribution. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the from west to east long migration accompanying with the minor short reciprocal migration in the south-north direction, and the three main refuges (the Qinba Mountains, Nanling Mountains and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) contributed to the extant geographical distribution of A. trifoliata. In addition, this finding also strongly reduced the discrepancy between glacial contraction and postglacial expansion and the in situ survival hypothesis by simultaneously considering the existence of many similar climate-related ecological niches and migration influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiquan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Chen X, Xu G, Xiong P, Peng J, Fang K, Wan S, Wang B, Gu F, Li J, Xiong H. Dry and wet seasonal variations of the sediment fungal community composition in the semi-arid region of the Dali River, Northwest China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:123694-123709. [PMID: 37993647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities play an important role in water quality regulation and biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystems. However, there has been a lack of research on the seasonal variation of sediment microorganisms in the sediments of small river basins in typical semi-arid region. In this study, high-throughput DNA sequencing was used to investigate the fungal community and its influencing factors in the sediment of the Dali River in the dry and wet seasons. The results showed that there were obvious seasonal differences in fungal alpha diversity. The diversity and richness of fungi in the dry season were greater than that in the wet season, but the evenness of fungi in the dry season was lower than that in the wet season. In addition, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most important phyla in the Dali River fungal community, but their distributions showed clear seasonal differences. In the dry season, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were 12.34-46.42% and 17.59-27.20%, respectively. In the wet season, the relative abundances of these two phyla were 24.33-36.56% and 5.75-12.26%, respectively. PICRUSt2 was used to predict the metabolic function of fungal community in the sediment, and it was found that at the first level, the proportion of biosynthesis in the dry season was higher than that in the wet season. The ecological network structure showed that the fungal community in the wet season was more complex and stable than that in the dry season. The characteristic fungi in the dry season sediment were chytrid fungi in the family Rhizophydiaceae and the order Rhizophydiales, whereas those in the wet season sediment were in the orders Eurotiales and Saccharomycetales. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the physicochemical properties of water and sediment together explained a greater proportion of the dry-season fungal community changes than of the wet-season changes. In the dry season, temperature and ammonia nitrogen in the water were the main factors affecting the change of fungal community, whereas in the wet season, total nitrogen concentration of the water, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and available phosphorus of the sediment, pH, and temperature were the main factors affecting the changes in fungal community composition. The results of this study enhanced our understanding of microbial communities in semi-arid river ecosystems, and highlight the importance of the management and protection in river ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoce Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ping Xiong
- Shaanxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Xi'an, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbo Peng
- Shaanxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Xi'an, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Fang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shun Wan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyou Gu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
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Bozbuga R, Yildiz S, Yuksel E, Özer G, Dababat AA, İmren M. Nematode-citrus plant interactions: host preference, damage rate and molecular characterization of Citrus root nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:871-879. [PMID: 37585261 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Citrus plants are host to several plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which are microscopic organisms. Among PPNs, the citrus root nematode, T. semipenetrans (Cobb 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae), causes significant damage to citrus plantations worldwide. Understanding citrus nematode populations, precise identification, host preference among citrus species, and damage threshold are crucial to control T. semipenetrans. The minutiae of citrus plant-nematode interactions, nematode density and molecular nematode identification are not well understood. In this study, nematode species and density in citrus orchards, host specialization, molecular and morphological characteristics of nematodes were assessed. Molecular and morphological methods, host-nematode interactions, host (citrus species) preference, damage economic threshold (ET), and economic injury level (EIL) were determined using laboratory methods and field sampling. Citrus plantations in different provinces in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were investigated. Nematode species were identified molecularly and morphologically. ITS sequences revealed that samples were infected by citrus root nematode T. semipenetrans. The lowest nematode density was in C. reticulata in Mersin (53 2nd stage juveniles (J2s) 100 g-1 soil), while the highest density was from Hatay in C. sinensis (12173 J2s 100 g-1 soil). Highest citrus nematode population density was on roots of C. reticulata, followed by C. sinensis, C. limon, and C. paradisi. The citrus nematode is more common than was thought and population fluctuations change according to specific citrus species. Environmental conditions, host and ecological factors, such as temperature, soil pH, and soil nutrients, might influence nematode populations in citrus orchards. Investigating nematode density in diverse soil ecologies and the responses of different resistant/tolerant citrus species and cultivars to nematode populations is essential in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bozbuga
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - S Yildiz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgystan
| | - E Yuksel
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - G Özer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - A A Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
| | - M İmren
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Ragab OG, Mamdouh D, Bedair R, Smetanska I, Gruda NS, Yousif SKM, Omer RM, Althobaiti AT, Abd El-Raouf HS, El-Taher AM, El-Sayed AS, Eldemerdash MM. Distinguishing features of Lycium L. species (family Solanaceae) distributed in Egypt based on their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1162695. [PMID: 37251766 PMCID: PMC10213676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Among the 70-80 species of the genus Lycium (family Solanaceae) disjunctly distributed around the world, only three are frequently distributed in different locations in Egypt. Due to the morphological similarities between these three species, there is a need for alternative tools to distinguish them. Thus, the objective of this study was to revise the taxonomic features of Lycium europaeum L., Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult., and Lycium schweinfurthii var. aschersonii (Dammer) Feinbrun in consideration of their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. In addition to analysis of their anatomical and ecological features, DNA barcoding was performed for molecular characterization through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Furthermore, metabolic profiling of the studied species was conducted based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The observed anatomical features of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, type of mesophyll, crystals, number of palisade and spongy layers, and the vascular system showed variations between the studied species. Beyond this, the anatomy of the leaves showed an isobilateral structure in the studied species, without distinct differences. Species were molecularly identified in terms of ITS sequences and SCoT markers. The ITS sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ON149839.1, OP597546.1, and ON521125.1 for L. europaeum L., L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii, respectively. The sequences showed variations in GC content between the studied species; this was 63.6% in L. europaeum, 61.53% in L. shawii, and 63.55% in L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii. A total of 62 amplified fragments, including 44 polymorphic fragments with a ratio of 70.97%, were obtained in the SCoT analysis, as well as unique amplicons in L. europaeum L., shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii of 5, 11, and 4 fragments, respectively. Through GC-MS profiling, 38 compounds were identified with clear fluctuations in the extracts of each species. Of these, 23 were distinguishing chemicals that could help in chemical identification of the extracts of the studied species. The present study succeeds in identifying alternative clear and diverse characteristics that can be used to distinguish between L. europaeum, L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama G. Ragab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa Mamdouh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Ramadan Bedair
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iryna Smetanska
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Nazim S. Gruda
- Division of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sawsan K. M. Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hany S. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Taher
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Eldemerdash
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yang F, Wang TT, Wang YH, Wang HC. Sileneophioglossa (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae), a new species from southwest China. PhytoKeys 2023; 225:99-113. [PMID: 37252324 PMCID: PMC10209620 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sileneophioglossa Huan C. Wang & Feng Yang, a new species of Caryophyllaceae, is here described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species was found in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, southwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed this new species belongs to section Cucubaloides. Morphologically, it resembles S.phoenicodonta and S.viscidula, which were also found in the southwest China, but clearly differs from the latter two species by having 5-7 mm long calyces with sparsely hirtellous and short glandular hairs, white petals, linear limbs and lobes, and absent or oblong-linear coronal scales. A distribution map and a table with morphological diagnostic characters of new species and its closest relatives are provided, as well as a preliminary conservation assessment of S.ophioglossa under the IUCN criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Huan-Chong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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Jin HY, Yue JQ, Yan YQ, Zhang DQ, Yang C, Zhang SY, Li XD, Shao YH, Fang BT, Wang HF, Qin F. [Response of Soil Fungal Communities in Diversified Rotations of Wheat and Different Crops]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:3338-3347. [PMID: 35686804 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crop-soil microorganism interactions and feedback are critical to soil health and crop production. The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in soil fungal communities under diversified rotations of wheat and different crops in the North China Plain and to provide a theoretical basis for the construction and optimization of ecological sustainable planting systems. The soil fungal community abundance, composition, and diversity of continuous winter wheat-summer maize M, winter wheat-summer peanut (summer maize) PM, and winter wheat-summer soybean (summer maize) SM treatments were studied using real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that, compared with those of the continuous winter wheat-summer maize treatment, the peanut rotation treatment PM2 and soybean rotation treatment SM2 significantly reduced soil fungal ITS sequence copy numbers (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in soil fungal ITS sequence copy numbers between other rotation treatments and those of the control (P>0.05). Rotation treatments with peanut or soybean increased soil fungal community richness (Chao1 and ACE indices) and diversity (Shannon and InvSimson indices), in which the community richness of all rotation treatments and the community diversity of SM1/SM2 treatments varied significantly (P<0.05). The result of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the soil fungal community among different rotation crops were obviously separated. The rotation crops significantly affected soil fungal community structure (PERMANOVA:r2=0.350, P=0.001; ANOSIM:r=0.478, P=0.001). Ascomycota (73.67%-85.48%) was the dominant phylum, whereas Sordariomycetes (30.53%-48.19%) and Eurotiomycetes (11.12%-31.19%) were the dominant classes of the fungal communities of sandy-loam fluvo-aquic soil in the North China Plain. There were significantly different taxa of soil fungal communities in different rotations. Potential pathogens such as Neocosmospora, Plectosphaerella, and Gibellulopsis were significantly enriched in the rotations of winter wheat-summer peanut (summer maize), whereas potential beneficial fungi such as Penicillium and Zopfiella were significantly enriched in the rotations of winter wheat-summer soybean (summer maize). Compared with that under the continuous winter wheat-summer maize treatment, rotations with peanut or soybean increased the relative abundance of pathotroph, pathotroph-symbiotroph, and saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi and decreased the relative abundance of saprotroph fungi. The soil fungal community richness and structure were significantly related to soil organic carbon and available nutrients, and the Shannon diversity index was significantly related to soil mineral nitrogen and available phosphorus. In summary, on the basis of continuous winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain, adding summer peanut or summer soybean instead of summer maize for rotations with different interval years could increase the richness and diversity of soil fungal communities and significantly change soil fungal community structure. In particular, summer soybean as the preceding crop had a positive effect on the enrichment of potential beneficial fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Jin
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun-Qin Yue
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ya-Qian Yan
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - De-Qi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Su-Yu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yun-Hui Shao
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bao-Ting Fang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Han-Fang Wang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology, Henan Engineering Research Center for Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Bhambri A, Srivastava M, Mahale VG, Mahale S, Karn SK. Mushrooms as Potential Sources of Active Metabolites and Medicines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837266. [PMID: 35558110 PMCID: PMC9090473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mushrooms exist as an integral and vital component of the ecosystem and are very precious fungi. Mushrooms have been traditionally used in herbal medicines for many centuries. Scope and Approach There are a variety of medicinal mushrooms mentioned in the current work such as Agaricus, Amanita, Calocybe, Cantharellus, Cordyceps, Coprinus, Cortinarius, Ganoderma, Grifola, Huitlacoche, Hydnum, Lentinus, Morchella, Pleurotus, Rigidoporus, Tremella, Trametes sp., etc., which play a vital role in various diseases because of several metabolic components and nutritional values. Medicinal mushrooms can be identified morphologically on the basis of their size, color (white, black, yellow, brown, cream, pink and purple-brown, etc.), chemical reactions, consistency of the stalk and cap, mode of attachment of the gills to the stalk, and spore color and mass, and further identified at a molecular level by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of gene sequencing. There are also other methods that have recently begun to be used for the identification of mushrooms such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), microscopy, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), DNA sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), chemical finger printing, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-TOF) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Lately, the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique is also used for the identification of fungi. Key Finding and Conclusion Medicinal mushrooms possess various biological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, and many others that will be mentioned in this article. This manuscript will provide future direction, action mechanisms, applications, and the recent collective information of medicinal mushrooms. In addition to many unknown metabolites and patented active metabolites are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bhambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | | | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
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Eldemerdash MM, El-Sayed ASA, Hussein HA, Teleb SS, Shehata RS. Molecular and metabolic traits of some Egyptian species of Cassia L. and Senna Mill (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae). BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:205. [PMID: 35443606 PMCID: PMC9020050 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cassia and Senna have been classified under subfamily Caesalpinioideae of family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) of order Fabales. There is a scarce taxonomical studies of the genus Cassia and Senna inhabiting Egyptian environments, thus, the main objective of the current was to revise and authenticate the phylogenetic relationship between studied taxa of the species of the genera Cassia and Senna in Egypt using the recent tools of ITS barcoding, RAPD analysis and metabolic profiling, in comparing to the traditional taxonomical features. From the cluster analysis of the traditional 27 morphological characters, the studied taxa were categorized into two major clades with an average taxonomic distance of 4.3. The clade I include Cassia fistula, C. renigera, C. javanica L subsp. nodosa and C. roughiia that belongs to series Obolospermae, and C. grandis that belongs to series Grandes. The clade (II) includes Senna surattensis and S. alata at taxonomic level 3.6. The taxonomical description of the studied taxa was confirmed from the molecular analysis of ITS sequences and RAPD analysis. The ITS sequences of the tested plants species C. fistula L, C. grandis MD4, C. javanica subsp. nodosa MD7, C. roxburghii MD5, C. renigera MD5 were deposited at genbank with accession numbers MW367973, MZ960447, MW386305, MW326753 and MW32685, respectively. While, the ITS sequences of the S. surrattensis and S. alata were deposited into genbank accession # MD14 MW367670 and MD20 MW412635, respectively. Thus, from the molecular analysis, two clades were clearly separated into Clade I of Cassia and Clade II of Senna. The cluster I represented by C. fistula, C. renigera, C. roxburghii, and C. javanica sub nodosa, and the cluster II represented by S. alata and S. surattensis. From the PCA of RAPD, a clearly discrimination between the two Taxa was observed revealing the characteristic grouping of Cassia and Senna. The species Senna alata and Senna surattensis were grouped together, but the species of C. renigera, C. javanica, C. roxburghii and C. grandis was grouped on a distinct group. The separation of Cassia and Senna species into two clusters verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato into two distinct genera namely Senna P. and Cassia L. The morphological, molecular traits of the studied plants were authenticated from the metabolic profiling by GC-MS analysis. Among the 23 identified metabolites, four compounds namely hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-ethyl ester and Vitamin E were detected with fluctuated concentrations, among C. fistula, C. grandis, C. javanica subsp. nodosa and C. roxburghii. Conclusively, the traditional morphological features, molecular barcoding using ITS sequences, RAPD analysis and metabolic traits by GC-MS analysis, authenticates the taxonomical diversity of the genus Cassia and Senna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Eldemerdash
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Hussein A. Hussein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Samir S. Teleb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Rania S. Shehata
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Irinyi L, Rope M, Meyer W. In depth search of the Sequence Read Archive database reveals global distribution of the emerging pathogenic fungus Scedosporium aurantiacum. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6542442. [PMID: 35244718 PMCID: PMC8994208 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium species are emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens causing various infections mainly in immunocompromised patients, but also in immunocompetent individuals, following traumatic injuries. Clinical manifestations range from local infections, such as subcutaneous mycetoma or bone and joint infections, to pulmonary colonization and severe disseminated diseases. They are commonly found in soil and other environmental sources. To date S. aurantiacum has been reported only from a handful of countries. To identify the worldwide distribution of this species we screened publicly available sequencing data from fungal metabarcoding studies in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of The National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) by multiple BLAST searches. S. aurantiacum was found in 26 countries and two islands, throughout every climatic region. This distribution is like that of other Scedosporium species. Several new environmental sources of S. aurantiacum including human and bovine milk, chicken and canine gut, freshwater, and feces of the giant white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus) were identified. This study demonstrated that raw sequence data stored in the SRA database can be repurposed using a big data analysis approach to answer biological questions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Irinyi
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW Australia
| | - Michael Rope
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW Australia.,Westmead Hospital (Research and Education Network), Westmead, NSW, Australia
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11
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Zhang YZ, Han QD, Fu LW, Wang YX, Sui ZH, Liu YG. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of fungal pathogens isolated from diseased fish in Xinjiang, China. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1887-1898. [PMID: 34472096 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The outbreaks of fungal diseases in cultured fish have been severe in recent years, which is harmful to the healthy and sustainable development of fish farming. In this study, an investigation was conducted for significant fungal infections of 12 species of fish in four regions in Xinjiang, China, to understand the distribution of local fish fungal pathogens. Twenty-six fungal strains with pathogenicity were isolated, and the challenge experiment showed that eight strains from Changji area had high infection rate to fish eggs. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence data and molecular analysis, the 26 strains were classified into nine different species of six fungal genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were divided into two clades, namely Cluster 1 (contains only the genus Mucor) and Cluster 2 (consists of five small branches), and the distribution of strains from the same region was scattered in two clusters. There is no strict host selectivity for these fungi to infect fish. Mucor sp. are the main fungal pathogen of fish in these four regions, whereas Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Carassius auratus are two types of fish that were susceptible to pathogen. In addition, the environmental adaptability experiments showed that eight highly pathogenic strains have different adaptability to the environment, and their optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and 7.0, respectively, whereas the concentration of NaCl was negatively correlated with the growth of strains. Therefore, these results indicated that the coinfection of multiple fungal pathogens in a culture region should be considered in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing-Dian Han
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Long-Wei Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong-Xing Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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Ertas Onmaz N, Gungor C, Al S, Dishan A, Hizlisoy H, Yildirim Y, Kasap Tekinsen F, Disli HB, Barel M, Karadal F. Mycotoxigenic and phylogenetic perspective to the yeasts and filamentous moulds in mould-matured Turkish cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 357:109385. [PMID: 34509930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the diversity of yeasts and filamentous moulds in mould-matured cheese (MMC) consumed in Turkey. Overall, 120 samples were collected from 12 different geographical locations between March 2016 and April 2017. The morphological observation was applied in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and molecular analyses to determine yeasts and filamentous moulds in the cheeses. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to evaluate the ability of mycotoxins production of fungal isolates and the presence of mycotoxins in cheese samples. A total of 241 fungi (81 filamentous moulds and 160 yeast) were recovered, and Penicillium roqueforti and Debaryomyces hansenii were the most frequently isolated species in all cheese samples. The rep-PCR results indicated a high level of genetic diversity among fungal isolates, regardless of isolation source or geographical origin. Filamentous mould strains isolated from MMC were found to synthesize at least one mycotoxin (Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2, citrinine, cyclopiazonic acid, mycophenolic acid, ochratoxin A, penicillic acid and roquefortine C). Although mycotoxin producing ability was observed from all isolates, none of the cheese samples were found positive for these mycotoxins. AFM1 was detected in 8 (6.6%) MMC samples from which 2 (1.6%) were above the legal limits (0.05 μg/kg) set by the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) and European Commission (EC). In conclusion, Turkish MMCs were found to be contaminated with toxigenic fungi, so a potential public health risk, while low, exists. Therefore, the selection of nontoxigenic filamentous mould strains for cheese manufacturing and control of the ripening conditions is a critical need to ensure the quality and safety of Turkish MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Ertas Onmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Candan Gungor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serhat Al
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Adalet Dishan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Harun Hizlisoy
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yildirim
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kasap Tekinsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - H Burak Disli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Barel
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fulden Karadal
- Department of Food Processing, Bor Vocational School, Niğde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
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Ahmed HIS, Badr A, El-Shazly HH, Watson L, Fuoad AS, Ellmouni FY. Molecular Phylogeny of Trifolium L. Section Trifolium with Reference to Chromosome Number and Subsections Delimitation. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10101985. [PMID: 34685795 PMCID: PMC8539877 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Trifolium is one of the largest genera of the legume family Fabaceae with ca. 255 species. The genus is divided into eight sections; the section Trifolium is a major section of the genus, comprising 73 species mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and morphological variation to reconsider the delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of species in the section Trifolium with reference to chromosomal variations. Bayesian analysis of ITS data delimited the species as three clades based on the analysis of ITS sequence and informative indels in combination with morphological variation. The phylogeny of the species by different analyses methods does not support their current delimitation in 17 subsections. The basic chromosome number x = 8 is the number for the genus Trifolium, from which x = 7, 6 and 5 were derived through successive aneuploidy events. With reference to the distribution of these numbers in the species of the section Trifolium, species in clade III and clade II are more evolved than species in clade I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan I. Sayed Ahmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Abdelfattah Badr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 117900, Egypt;
| | - Hanaa H. El-Shazly
- Department of Biological Sciences and Geology, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt;
| | - Linda Watson
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3013, USA;
| | - Ahmed S. Fuoad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Faten Y. Ellmouni
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
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14
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Zhu S, Liu Q, He J, Nakajima N, Samarakoon SP, Swe S, Zaw K, Komatsu K. Genetic identification of medicinally used Salacia species by nrDNA ITS sequences and a PCR-RFLP assay for authentication of Salacia-related health foods. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 274:113909. [PMID: 33588011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots and stems of several Salacia species have been used as traditional medicines, especially in Ayurvedic medical system for the treatment of diabetes, rheumatism, gonorrhea, amenorrhea, skin diseases, etc. Due to reported evidence supporting Salacia's beneficial effects in early-stage diabetes and other lifestyle-related diseases, Salacia-based dietary supplements and health foods have been gaining popularity in Japan and other countries in recent years. However, due to the morphological similarities between Salacia plants, particularly in the medicinally used parts (roots and stems), the authentication of the botanical identities of Salacia-derived products is challenging. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study aims to develop a genetic approach to authenticate the medicinally used Salacia species and to determine the botanical sources of the commercially available Salacia-derived products. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sequences of nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast trnK-rps16 region were determined and compared between 10 plant specimens from three medicinally used Salacia species as well as 48 samples of commercial crude drugs. Moreover, a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was developed for rapid identification based on the ITS sequences. RESULTS The plant specimens from the three medicinally used Salacia species showed three main types of sequences in both ITS (types I, II, III) and trnK-rps16 (i, ii, iii) regions. Combined the sequences of ITS and trnK-rps16 regions, S. reticulata and S. oblonga had type I-i and type III-iii or similar sequences, respectively. S. chinensis had type II-ii or II(536M)-i sequences. Forty-eight samples of commercial crude drugs were identified based on ITS and trnK-rps16 DNA barcode. A convenient PCR-RFLP assay using Cac8I restriction enzyme was established and applied to identify the botanical sources of health food products purchased from online retailers. All the twelve samples were identified as S. chinensis. CONCLUSION The nrDNA ITS sequences provided useful information to authenticate Salacia species and to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship within the Salacia genus. Genetic identification results revealed that S. chinensis and S. reticulata are the major sources of commercially available Salacia-products. Based on the ITS sequences, a convenient PCR-RFLP assay was established for the identification of the medicinally used Salacia species as well as their derived health food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Qundong Liu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jingyu He
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakajima
- Uchida Wakanyaku Ltd., 4-3-3, Higashi Nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8571, Japan
| | - S P Samarakoon
- Department of Botany, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Swe Swe
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health & Sports, 47 Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Khin Zaw
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health & Sports, 47 Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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El-Demerdash MM, El-Sayed AS, Georg NM, Abou-Elnour A, Nosier H. Biosystematic studies of some Egyptian species of Cestrum (Solanaceae). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4497-4515. [PMID: 34101109 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cestrum is the second largest genus of family Solanaceae, after Solanum, distributed in warm to subtropical regions. Species of genus Cestrum are one of the most ethnopharmacological relevant plants, for their broad biological and pharmacological properties. There is a scarcity to taxonomical studies and identification of these plants in Egypt, thus, the objective of this study was to implement various morphological features, chemical markers and molecular tools to emphasize the taxonomical features of the different Cestrum species. Morphologically, the epidermal cells of C. diurnum, C. elegans and C. parqui were irregular with sinuate anticlinal wall patterns for both surfaces, while, C. nocturnum has anticlinal walls, sinuolate with polygonal to irregular epidermal cells on the abaxial surface. The species of Cestrum have hypostomatic leaves, except C. parqui that has amphistomatic leaves. The experimented species of Cestrum have Anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, while, C. elegans has a diacytic stomata. The morphologically identified Cestrum spp were molecular confirmed based on their ITS sequences, the sequences of C. diurnum, C. nocturnum, C. elegans and C. parqui were deposited on genbank with accession # MT742788.1, MT749390.1, MW091481.1 and MW023744.1, respectively. From the SCOT analyses, the four species of Cestrum were grouped into 2 clusters (I, II), cluster I contains C. elegans, C. nocturnum and C. parqui, while cluster II contains only C. diurnum with 100% polymorphism for all primers. From the GC-MS profile, the C. diurnum exhibited a diverse metabolic paradigm, ensuring their richness with different metabolites comparing to other experimented Cestrum species. Among the total resolved metabolites, 15-methyltricyclo 6.5.2-pentadeca-1,3,5,7,9, 11,13-heptene was the highly incident compound in C. elegans (35.89%) followed by C. parqui (21.81%) and C. diurnum (11.28%), while it absent on C. nocturnum. The compound, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol was highly detected in C. elegans and C. dirunum with minor amounts in the other Cestrum species. Cypermethrin and 3-butynyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-methanol were pivotally reported in C. nocturnum. Taken together, from molecular and metabolic markers, C. diurnum, C. parqui and C. elegans have higher proximity unlike to C. nocturnum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M El-Demerdash
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf S El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Nelly M Georg
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amira Abou-Elnour
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hala Nosier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shirahata T, Ishikawa H, Kudo T, Takada Y, Hoshino A, Taga Y, Minakuchi Y, Hasegawa T, Horiguchi R, Hirayama T, Konishi T, Takemoto H, Sato N, Aragane M, Oikawa T, Odaguchi H, Hanawa T, Kodaira E, Fukuda T, Kobayashi Y. Metabolic fingerprinting for discrimination of DNA-authenticated Atractylodes plants using 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Nat Med 2021; 75:475-88. [PMID: 33569695 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Identifying different species of the genus Atractylodes which are commonly used in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine, using chromatographic approaches can be difficult. 1H NMR metabolic profiling of DNA-authenticated, archived rhizomes of the genus Atractylodes was performed for genetic and chemical evaluation. The ITS region of the nuclear rDNA was sequenced for five species, A. japonica, A. macrocephala, A. lancea, A. chinensis, and A. koreana. Our samples had nucleotide sequences as previously reported, except that part of the A. lancea cultivated in Japan had a type 5, hybrid DNA sequence. Principal component analysis (PCA) using 1H NMR spectra of extracts with two solvent systems (CD3OD, CDCl3) was performed. When CDCl3 extracts were utilized, the chemometric analysis enabled the identification and classification of Atractylodes species according to their composition of major sesquiterpene compounds. The 1H NMR spectra using CD3OD contained confounding sugar peaks. PCA removal of these peaks gave the same result as that obtained using CDCl3 and allowed species distinction. Such chemometric methods with multivariate analysis of NMR spectra will be useful for the discrimination of plant species, without specifying the index components and quantitative analysis on multi-components.
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Qi W, Tuerxun J, Li J, Wang C, Luo R, Liu C. Identification of Bupleurum (Apiaceae) seeds by allele-specific PCR based on ITS sequences. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:240. [PMID: 32405444 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Bupleuri radix (chaihu) is the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and many adulterants exist because of the differences in traditional understanding, medication habits and seed resources. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification methods for Bupleurum (Apiaceae) seeds are required. We analyzed the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of five common Bupleurum species to detect variations in them, including B. chinense, B. scorzonerifolium, B. marginatum var. stenophyllum, B. falcatum and B. smithii var.parvifolium. Based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITS region, we designed five specific primer pairs and used these primers in an allele-specific PCR technique to establish a robust molecular identification method. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of ITS sequences showed that five Bupleurum species formed their own monophyly. Five specific primer pairs were designed and integrated into a specific PCR master mix and cycling conditions. The primer pair of BCF/R8 for B. chinense could amplify a specific identification band of 429 bp and the minimum detection limit of the 5 g mixture was about 5%; BSF/R11 for B. scorzonerifolium could amplify a specific 464 bp band and the minimum detection limit was about 5%; BMSF/R1 for B. marginatum var. stenophyllum could amplify a specific 344 bp band and the minimum detection limit was about 1%; BFF/R7 for B. falcatum could amplify a specific 137 bp band and the minimum detection limit was about 1%; BSPF/R1 for B. smithii var. parvifolium could amplify a specific 390 bp band. Subsequent analysis proved the reliable accuracy and good practicability of the five specific identification primers, indicating that the allele-specific primer PCR identification method can quickly identify Bupleurum seeds. The method elaborated in this study has the advantages of simple operation, good accuracy and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Qi
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Julaiti Tuerxun
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jianchao Li
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Chen Wang
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Rong Luo
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Changli Liu
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069 China
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He H, Xia X, Yang H, Peng Q, Zheng J. A pilot study: a possible implication of Candida as an etiologically endogenous pathogen for oral lichen planus. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:72. [PMID: 32171292 PMCID: PMC7071738 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotypic profiles of Candida albicans in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Materials and methods Positive rates and genotypic profiles of Candida albicans strains from OLP patients and healthy controls were analyzed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA and internal transcribed spacer of ribosome DNA polymerase chain reactions were used to sequence the DNA of these strains, and then their genetic similarity was measured using BLAST, UIV Band, and Vector NTI Suite Sequence Analyses Software. Results The prevalence of C. albicans strains detected from erosive-OLP, non-erosive OLP, and normal individuals was 18.87, 18.75, and 7.92%, respectively. Four different genotypes were revealed by the two methods. To be specific, type I was found only in the healthy subjects; type II a and II b were found in non-erosive OLP, and type III was identified in erosive OLP. Intragroup similarity coefficients, i.e. SAB were 100%, and inter-groups similarity coefficients, i.e. SAB were less than 30%. Conclusions The genotypic results of C. albicans in OLP revealed an endogenous rather than exogenous infection of C. albicans. In addition, a possible pathogenic role of C. albicans in OLP, with the etiologic sense contributing to a more proper recognition on the pathogenesis, development, and progression of OLP, as well as some strategies for its diagnosis and treatment were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyu Xia
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoer Zheng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Qi BW, Mo T, Zhang X, Yan YR, Xu XP, Yang HY, Wang XH, Li J, Shi SP, Liu X. [Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Huperzia serrata and their metabolites' inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:3213-3220. [PMID: 31602874 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190527.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 27 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Huperzia serrata,which were richly distributed in the stems and leaves while less distributed in roots. The 27 strains were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer( ITS) r DNA molecular method and one of the strains belongs to Basidiomycota phylum,and other 26 stains belong to 26 species,9 general,6 families,5 orders,3 classes of Ascomycota Phylum. The dominant strains were Colletotrichum genus,belonging to Glomerellaceae family,Glomerellales order,Sordariomycetes class,Ascomycota Phylum,with the percentage of 48. 15%. The inhibitory activities of the crude extracts of 27 endophytic fungal strains against acetylcholinesterase( ACh E) and nitric oxide( NO) production were evaluated by Ellman's method and Griess method,respectively. Crude extracts of four fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against ACh E with an IC50 value of 42. 5-62. 4 mg·L~(-1),and some fungi's crude extracts were found to inhibit nitric oxide( NO) production in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated RAW264. 7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 2. 2-51. 3 mg·L~(-1),which indicated that these fungi had potential anti-inflammatory activities.The chemical composition of the Et OAc extract of endophytic fungus HS21 was also analyzed by LCMS-IT-TOF. Seventeen compounds including six polyketides,four diphenyl ether derivatives and seven meroterpenoids were putatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Qi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Ting Mo
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Research Institute Yinchuan 750021,China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Ya-Ru Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xi-Ping Xu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Hong-Yun Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
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He H, Zhang D, Gao J, Andersen TR, Mou Z. Identification and evaluation of Lonicera japonica flos introduced to the Hailuogou area based on ITS sequences and active compounds. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7636. [PMID: 31534858 PMCID: PMC6730534 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica flos (LJF), the dried flower buds of L. japonica Thunb., have been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. Recent studies have reported that LJF has many medicinal properties because of its antioxidative, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. LJF is widely used in China in foods and healthcare products, and is contained in more than 30% of current traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. Because of this, many Chinese villages cultivate LJF instead of traditional crops due to its high commercial value in the herbal medicine market. Since 2005, the flower buds of L. japonica are the only original LJF parts considered according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However, for historical and commercial reasons, some closely related species of Lonicera Linn. continue to be mislabeled and used as LJF. Currently, there are hundreds of commercial varieties of LJF on the market and it is difficult to choose fine LJF varieties to cultivate. In this study, a total of 21 varieties labeled as LJF on the market were planted in the Hailuogou area. In order to choose the optimum variety, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence alignment analysis was used to test whether the 21 varieties were genuine LJF or not. Cluster analysis of active components based on the content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in flower buds, stems and leaves was used to evaluate the quality of the varieties. Results demonstrated that four of the varieties were L. macranthoides Hand.-Mazz., while the other 17 varieties were L. japonica, and genuine LJF. The ITS sequence analysis was proven to be highly effective in identifying LJF and Lonicerae flos. Among the 17 L. japonica varieties, the amounts of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in flower buds, stems and leaves were significantly different. Based on the cluster analysis method, the variety H11 was observed to have the highest level of active components, and is therefore recommended for large-scale planting in the Hailuogou area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Zishen Mou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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21
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He Z, Su Y, Li S, Long P, Zhang P, Chen Z. Development and Evaluation of Isothermal Amplification Methods for Rapid Detection of Lethal Amanita Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1523. [PMID: 31338080 PMCID: PMC6626908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) methods were developed to detect and distinguish different lethal Amanita species. Specific LAMP primers and HRCA padlock probes for species-specific identification and a set of universal LAMP primers for lethal Amanita species were designed and tested. The results indicated that the LAMP-based assay was able to discriminate introclade lethal Amanita species but was not able to discriminate intraclade species perfectly, while the HRCA-based assay could discriminate whether introclade or intraclade species. The universal LAMP primers were positive for 10 lethal species of Amanita section Phalloideae and negative for 16 species of Amanita outside section Phalloideae. The detection limits of LMAP and HRCA were 10 and 1 pg of genomic DNA per reaction, respectively. In conclusion, the two methods could be rapid, specific, sensitive and low-cost tools for the identification of lethal Amanita species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmi He
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Su
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sainan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Long
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuohong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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22
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Marengo A, Maxia A, Sanna C, Mandrone M, Bertea CM, Bicchi C, Sgorbini B, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P. Intra-specific variation in the little-known Mediterranean plant Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter analysed through phytochemical and biomolecular markers. Phytochemistry 2019; 161:21-27. [PMID: 30798201 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter is a Mediterranean endemism traditionally used for its health-giving properties. Little is known about this species, therefore this study provides additional information about the phytochemical and biomolecular patterns of this plant, to have a combined fingerprint as a taxonomic tool. Several P. casabonae specimens were therefore collected from three different sites, two from Sardinia (Italy) and one from Corsica and the hydroalcoholic extracts of their aerial parts were investigated through HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis to study the phenolic composition. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, apigenin and diosmetin O-glycosides, and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were found as main components. Samples from the three sites showed similar phenolic profiles, although statistical analyses highlighted some quantitative differences for several compounds. The biomolecular analysis included amplification and sequencing of ITS, 5S-rRNA-NTS and psbA regions. No difference was found in the nucleotides among the P. casabonae samples from different geographical origins; however, a comparison with other Ptilostemon species sequences from Genbank, revealed an interspecific variability of ITS and psbA regions. The combination of the results of the phytochemical and biomolecular studies provide information on P. casabonae useful to depict this little-known plant, which can also be applied for future investigations and to obtain a fingerprint of it. Moreover, the stability of the phenolic profile within the species affords to identify a set of specialised metabolites useful for its chemotaxonomic characterization. At the same time, the stability of the biomolecular profile of P. casabonae, and the identification of sequences specific for this species, enables to identify useful biomolecular markers to distinguish it unequivocally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Botanica, Università di Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Botanica, Università di Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia M Bertea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia Dei Sistemi, Unità di Fisiologia Vegetale, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Viglietti G, Galla G, Porceddu A, Barcaccia G, Curk F, Luro F, Scarpa GM. Karyological Analysis and DNA Barcoding of Pompia Citron: A First Step toward the Identification of Its Relatives. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8040083. [PMID: 30935148 PMCID: PMC6524030 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pompia is a citrus fruit endemic of Sardinia, Italy, with an essential oil profile showing outstanding anti-inflammatory and anti-microbic properties. Despite its remarkable pharmaceutical potential, little taxonomic and genetic information is available for this species. We applied flow cytometry and classical cytogenetic techniques to assess the DNA content and to reconstruct the karyotype of several Pompia accessions. Molecular data from plastid DNA barcoding and nuclear DNA sequencing were used to study the genetic distance between Pompia and other citrus species. Flow cytometric estimates of DNA content and somatic chromosome counts suggest that Pompia is a regular diploid Citrus species. DNA polymorphisms of nuclear and chloroplast markers allowed us to investigate the genetic relationships between Pompia accessions and other Citrus species. Based on DNA polymorphism data we propose that Pompia is a very recent interspecific hybrid generated by a cross between C. aurantium (as seed bearer) and C. medica (as pollen donor). Our findings pave the way for further and more specific investigations of local Pompia germplasm resources that may help the preservation and valorisation of this valuable citrus fruit tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Viglietti
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giulio Galla
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Porceddu
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Frank Curk
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Amelioration Genetique et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR Agap), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-20230 San Giuliano, France.
| | - Francois Luro
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Amelioration Genetique et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR Agap), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-20230 San Giuliano, France.
| | - Grazia Maria Scarpa
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA Research Unit SACEG, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Fang R, Li H, Zhang P, Cao R, Yang S. [Identification and characterization of a taxol-producing endophytic fungus from Taxus media]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2017; 33:1945-1954. [PMID: 29271172 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.170061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To enrich the resource pool of endophytic fungi from plants which produce taxol, a taxol-producing endophytic fungus TMS-26 was isolated from the stem of Taxus Media. The result of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that TMS-26 extract exhibited similar chromatographic peaks and retention time (4.545 min) with authentic taxol. Then mass spectrometry (MS) analysis further confirmed that TMS-26 extracts contained the same mass peaks with authentic taxol ((M+Na)+=876). These indicated that the isolated endophytic fungus TMS-26 can produce taxol. According to the morphological characteristics, the molecular analysis of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer nuclear rDNA gene sequence, the fungus was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus TMS-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haohao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiji Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shushen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Tsai JN, Ann PJ, Liou RF, Hsieh WH, Ko WH. Phellinus noxius: molecular diversity among isolates from Taiwan and its phylogenetic relationship with other species of Phellinus based on sequences of the ITS region. Bot Stud 2017; 58:9. [PMID: 28510192 PMCID: PMC5430557 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of phylogenetic relationship of 91 isolates of Phellinus noxius obtained from 46 plant species in Taiwan did not show distinct grouping based on ITS sequences. RESULTS However, the ITS nucleotides showed 20 different kinds of variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms, deletion and insertion in ITS1 and ITS2, but none in 5.8 S. The Taiwanese isolates of P. noxius were dividable into long (type L), median (type M) and short (type S) groups based on ITS sequence length. Two isolates with identical ITS sequence belonged to types L. Type M with 72 isolates was further divided into 33 subtypes, while types S with 17 isolates was further divided into two subtypes. CONCLUSION Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences among Phellinus species showed that isolates of P. noxius were in the same clade distinctly separated from other Phellinus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Nong Tsai
- Division of Plant Pathology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Jen Ann
- Division of Plant Pathology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Fen Liou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsui Hsieh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Ko
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kuroda C, Kobayashi R, Nagata A, Nakadozono Y, Itoh T, Okamoto Y, Tori M, Hanai R, Gong X. Terpenoids and Phenylpropanoids in Ligularia duciformis, L. kongkalingensis, L. nelumbifolia, and L. limprichtii. Molecules 2017; 22:E2062. [PMID: 29186833 PMCID: PMC6149998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity in root chemicals and evolutionally neutral DNA regions in the complex of Ligularia duciformis, L. kongkalingensis, and L. nelumbifolia (the d/k/n complex) was studied using eight samples collected in central and northern Sichuan Province of China. Cacalol (14) and epicacalone (15), rearranged eremophilanes, were isolated from the complex for the first time. Two new phenylpropanoids were also obtained. Seven of the eight samples produced phenylpropanoids and the other produced lupeol alone. Two of the seven samples also produced furanoeremophilanes or their derivatives and one produced oplopanes. The geographical distribution of the sesquiterpene-producing populations suggests that the production of sesquiterpenes evolved independently in separate regions. L. limprichtii collected in northern Sichuan was also analyzed and its chemical composition and the sequence of internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) in the ribosomal RNA gene cluster were found to be similar to that in the d/k/n complex and L. yunnanensis, which are morphologically similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Yumi Nakadozono
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Taketo Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hanai
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Xun Gong
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
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Song X, Li Y, Xu G, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu S, Gu X. Identification of Notoginseng powder based on similarity to "DNA Barcoding Core-genotype". Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 28:355-357. [PMID: 26714125 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Notoginseng powder is a medicine form of Notoginseng radix et rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopeia. Common adulterants of Notoginseng powder appeared in the market include powder of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius. Here, "DNA Barcoding Core-Genotype (DBCG)" based on ITS sequences was developed for authenticating Notoginseng powder. DBCG was the genotype with the highest frequency of DNA barcoding in species. The DBCG was found as the reference sequence and minimal-similarity to identify species was calculated by large sample analysis. Then we could calculate similarity index between DBCG and sequences of the unidentified Notoginseng powder and compare it through minimal-similarity to identify the species. This method was simple, efficient, and might be a preferable tool for accurate authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Song
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Guojie Xu
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yong Liu
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- b Lishui Hospital of Tradition Chinese Medicine , Lishui , China
| | - Ying Liu
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Siqi Liu
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xuan Gu
- a School of Chinese Pharmacy , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
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Luo ZP, Lin HY, Ding WB, He HL, Li YZ. Phylogenetic Diversity and Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Tephrosia purpurea. Mycobiology 2015; 43:435-443. [PMID: 26839503 PMCID: PMC4731648 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2015.43.4.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-one endophytic fungus strains with different colony morphologies were isolated from the leaves, stems and roots of Tephrosia purpurea with colonization rates of 66.95%, 37.50%, and 26.92%, respectively. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, 61 isolates were classified into 16 genera belonging to 3 classes under the phylum Ascomycota. Of the 61 isolates, 6 (9.84%) exhibited antifungal activity against one or more indicator plant pathogenic fungi according to the dual culture test. Isolate TPL25 had the broadest antifungal spectrum of activity, and isolate TPL35 was active against 5 plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, culture filtrates of TPL25 and TPL35 exhibited greater than 80% growth inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We conclude that the endophytic fungal strains TPL25 and TPL35 are promising sources of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ping Luo
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wen-Bing Ding
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hua-Liang He
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - You-Zhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Xiao P, Pan Q, Yu G, Li R. Genetic analysis on Dolichospermum (Cyanobacteria; sensu Anabaena) populations based on the culture-independent clone libraries revealed the dominant genotypes existing in Lake Taihu, China. Harmful Algae 2014; 31:76-81. [PMID: 28040113 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lake Taihu has been severely eutrophied during the last few decades and dense cyanobacterial blooms have led to a decrease in phytoplankton diversity. The cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu were mainly composed of unicellular colony-forming Microcystis and filamentous heterocystous Dolichospermum (formerly known as planktonic species of Anabaena). In contrast to that of Microcystis spp., the fundamental knowledge about diversity, abundance and dynamics of Dolichospermum populations in Lake Taihu is lacking. The present study was conducted to understand genotypic distribution, dynamics and succession of Dolichospermum populations in Lake Taihu. By sequencing 688 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of Dolichospermum, we were able to confirm that all the sequences were Dolichospermum rather than Aphanizomenon. 118 different genotypes were identified from the obtained sequences, and two genotypes (W-type and L-type) were found to dominate in the lake, representing 36.6% and 26.2% of the total sequences, respectively. These two dominant genotypes of Dolichospermum displayed the significant seasonal pattern. Stepwise regressions analysis revealed that water temperature was associated with the two dominant genotypes. The combined results implied the possible existence of ecotypes in bloom-forming cyanobacteria, probably triggered by water temperature in the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Key Lab of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Wu PK, Tai WCS, Choi RCY, Tsim KWK, Zhou H, Liu X, Jiang ZH, Hsiao WLW. Chemical and DNA authentication of taste variants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum herbal tea. Food Chem 2011; 128:70-80. [PMID: 25214331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino (Gp) was once used as a sweetener in Japan and is now widely consumed as an herbal tea worldwide for lowering cholesterol levels. Two taste variants, bitter and sweet, of Gp exist in the commercial market, but they cannot be differentiated morphologically nor by existing chemical analytical methods. This has been creating a problem in quality control of Gp products. In the present study, using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, we found that the Gp saponins, not flavonoids, from the sweet and bitter variants have distinctly different profiles. In addition, the two variants share only 69.01% homology in the ribosomal ITS-1 region, suggesting a phylogenic gap between these two variants. The combinations of chemical profiling and phylogenic analysis clearly confirm, for the first time, the distinction between these two taste variants. This information has direct application in the authentication and quality assessment of the various Gynostemma tea products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Kei Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - William C S Tai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roy C Y Choi
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Guo D, Chen J, Du X, Han B. Screening of molluscicidal strain against Oncomelania hupensis from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6:159-65. [PMID: 20931072 PMCID: PMC2950375 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.66928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The research aimed to screen and exploit molluscicidal microorganisms against Oncomelania hupensis, from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant, Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., and one strain named as SL-30 was obtained with excellent molluscicidal activity. The freeze-dried powder of exocellular broth (EXB) of SL-30 could kill 100% of snails at a concentration of 48 mg/l for a submerged period of 24 h, with stabile molluscicidal activity at a temperature lower than 60°C; furthermore, it could be gradually degraded after exposure to illumination for 15 days. The freeze-dried powder of SL-30's EXB was safe to fresh fish and shrimp, even at a concentration beyond LC(90) of 24-h exposure period. The glycogen and total protein content of soft tissues of snails decreased after treating with SL-30's EXB, and glycogen content's decreasing rate had a linear relationship with molluscicidal activity. Finally, phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequence showed that strain SL-30 had a higher similarity to Aspergillus fumigatus with bootstrap value 98%; accordingly, it was identified as a species of Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danzhao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xiangping Du
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu P. R. China
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Wang XY, Wei XL, Han KS, Koh YJ, Hur JS. Taxonomic study on the lichen genus coccocarpia (lecanorales, ascomycota) in South Korea. Mycobiology 2007; 35:174-179. [PMID: 24015093 PMCID: PMC3763168 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2007.35.4.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three species of Coccocarpia have been reported from Korean Peninsular. However, there was no revisional study on this genus before. After careful examination of the specimens deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) and collected from main mountain areas of Korea, two species of Coccocarpia, C. palmicola and C. erythroxyli, have been revealed to occur and confirmed in South Korea. The presence and absence of isidia and apothecia are the most important characters for the South Korean species. We provide the detailed description and illustration of the available two species. A key to the species is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu Wang
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
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Paul NC, Kim WK, Woo SK, Park MS, Yu SH. Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Taraxacum coreanum and Their Antifungal Activity. Mycobiology 2006; 34:185-90. [PMID: 24039496 PMCID: PMC3769571 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2006.34.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaf and root samples of Taraxacum coreanum. Of the 72 isolates recovered, 39 were from leaves and 33 from roots with an isolation frequency of 54% and 46%, respectively. Based on ITS sequence analysis, 72 isolates were classified into 19 genera of which 17 were under the phylum Ascomycota and 2 were under Basidiomycota. Diverse genera were found and Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Phoma were dominant. Out of 19 genera, Apodus, Ceriporia, Dothideales, Leptodontidium, Nemania, Neoplaconema, Phaeosphaeria, Plectosphaerella and Terfezia were new to Korea. Seventy two isolates were screened for antifungal activity, of which 10 isolates (14%) were found active at least against one of the tested fungi. Isolate 050603 had the widest antifungal spectra of activity, and isolates 050592 and 050611 were active against three plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Abstract
• Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are indispensable symbionts for the normal growth of many tree species. Here, we report the underground primary succession of ECM fungi in a volcanic desert on Mt. Fuji, Japan. • We identified all the underground fungal constituents by comparing the fragment lengths of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in nuclear r-DNA with those of sporocarps, considering intraspecific variation of each species at the research site. ITS sequences were also used for identification. • In total, 21 ECM fungi associated with Salix reinii were identified. Species recorded as sporocarps dominated the underground ECM community. The sere of underground ECM fungi was initiated by one or two of three first-stage fungi, and additional species were recruited with host growth, especially in the soil that developed within a vegetation patch. The species richness of ECM fungi increased significantly with host growth. • The underground ECM community associated with unhealthy hosts differed from that of normally growing hosts. The underground ECM communities and their successional patterns might influence plant growth and plant communities during early primary succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Nara
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, NishiTokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nakaya
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, NishiTokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Bingyun Wu
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, NishiTokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, NishiTokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Taizo Hogetsu
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, NishiTokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
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