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Irwandi RA, Kuswandani SO, Harden S, Marletta D, D'Aiuto F. Circulating inflammatory cell profiling and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1069-1096. [PMID: 35199874 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru1021-524r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver of common noncommunicable diseases. Among common triggers of inflammation, chronic gingival inflammation (periodontitis) triggers a consistent humoral host inflammatory response, but little is known on its impact on circulating inflammatory cell profiles. We aimed to systematically appraise all the evidence linking periodontitis and its treatment to circulating inflammatory cell profiles. From 6 databases, 157 studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 29 studies for meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that participants with periodontitis exhibited a significant mean increase in circulating CD4+ , CD4+ CD45RO+ , IFNγ-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ CD27+ and CD5+ B cells, CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, and CD16+ neutrophils but decrease in CD8+ T and CD14++ CD16- monocytes. Our qualitative synthesis revealed that peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with periodontitis consistently showed elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared with those of healthy controls. Some evidence suggested that the treatment of periodontitis reversed the exaggerated ROS production, but limited and inconclusive data were found on several circulating inflammatory cell profiling. We conclude that periodontitis and its treatment are associated with minor but consistent alterations in circulating inflammatory cell profiles. These changes could represent key mechanisms explaining the association of periodontitis with other comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky A Irwandi
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra O Kuswandani
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Simon Harden
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Marletta
- Cruciform Hub, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Relationship between Periodontitis and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Ophthalmol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5384602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glaucoma. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study performed between 2004 and 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9572 patients with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (nonperiodontitis) were selected. We analysed the history of glaucoma in periodontitis and control participants. The participants were interviewed regarding their history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, periodontitis, glaucoma, smoking, and alcohol consumption by trained interviewers. A logistic regression model was created to analyse the odds ratio of having a history of glaucoma among patients with periodontitis. Two-tailed analyses using chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis as a risk factor for glaucoma was 3.44 (95% confidence interval = 2.99–3.97,
). This study demonstrated that glaucoma was associated with periodontitis.
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3
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Tóthová L, Celec P. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1055. [PMID: 29311982 PMCID: PMC5735291 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, large interventional studies with antioxidants failed to show benefits in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or diabetes mellitus. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the association of oxidative stress markers and periodontitis. Technical and biological variability is high for most of the analyzed markers and none of them seems to be optimal for routine clinical use. In a research setting, analysis of a palette of oxidative stress markers is needed to cover lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and the antioxidant status. The source of reactive oxygen species and their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. Interventional experiments indicate that oxidative stress might be more than just a simple consequence of the inflammation. Small studies have confirmed that some antioxidants could have therapeutic value at least as an addition to the standard non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. A clear evidence for the efficiency of antioxidant treatment in large patient cohorts is lacking. Potentially, because lowering of oxidative stress markers might be a secondary effect of anti-inflammatory or antibacterial agents. As the field of research of oxidative stress in periodontitis gains attraction and the number of relevant published papers is increasing a systematic overview of the conducted observational and interventional studies is needed. This review summarizes the currently available literature linking oxidative stress and periodontitis and points toward the potential of adjuvant antioxidant treatment, especially in cases where standard treatment fails to improve the periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'ubomíra Tóthová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Van der Velden U. What exactly distinguishes aggressive from chronic periodontitis: is it mainly a difference in the degree of bacterial invasiveness? Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:24-44. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zeidán-Chuliá F, Gürsoy M, Neves de Oliveira BH, Özdemir V, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. A Systems Biology Approach to Reveal Putative Host-Derived Biomarkers of Periodontitis by Network Topology Characterization of MMP-REDOX/NO and Apoptosis Integrated Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 5:102. [PMID: 26793622 PMCID: PMC4707239 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a formidable global health burden, is a common chronic disease that destroys tooth-supporting tissues. Biomarkers of the early phase of this progressive disease are of utmost importance for global health. In this context, saliva represents a non-invasive biosample. By using systems biology tools, we aimed to (1) identify an integrated interactome between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-REDOX/nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis upstream pathways of periodontal inflammation, and (2) characterize the attendant topological network properties to uncover putative biomarkers to be tested in saliva from patients with periodontitis. Hence, we first generated a protein-protein network model of interactions ("BIOMARK" interactome) by using the STRING 10 database, a search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins, with "Experiments" and "Databases" as input options and a confidence score of 0.400. Second, we determined the centrality values (closeness, stress, degree or connectivity, and betweenness) for the "BIOMARK" members by using the Cytoscape software. We found Ubiquitin C (UBC), Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), and matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14) as the most central hub- and non-hub-bottlenecks among the 211 genes/proteins of the whole interactome. We conclude that UBC, JUN, and MMP14 are likely an optimal candidate group of host-derived biomarkers, in combination with oral pathogenic bacteria-derived proteins, for detecting periodontitis at its early phase by using salivary samples from patients. These findings therefore have broader relevance for systems medicine in global health as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Ben-Hur Neves de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vural Özdemir
- Faculty of Communications and Office of the President, International Technology and Innovation Policy, Gaziantep UniversityGaziantep, Turkey; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University)Kollam, India
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland; Oral Health Care, Welfare DivisionTurku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku Turku, Finland
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Hazeldine J, Lord JM. Innate immunesenescence: underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biogerontology 2014; 16:187-201. [PMID: 25009085 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A well-established feature of physiological ageing is altered immune function, a phenomenon termed immunesenescence. Thought to be responsible in part for the increased incidence and severity of infection reported by older adults, as well as the age-related decline in vaccine efficacy and autoimmunity, immunesenescence affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Whilst much is known regarding the impact of age on adaptive immunity, innate immunity has received far less attention from immune gerontologists. However, over the last decade it has become increasingly apparent that this non-specific arm of the immune response undergoes considerable functional and phenotypical alterations with age. Here, we provide a detailed overview of innate immunesenescence and its underlying molecular mechanisms, and highlight those studies whose results indicate that changes in innate immunity with age have a significant impact upon the health and well-being of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hazeldine
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK,
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Žilinskas J, Žekonis J, Žekonis G, Šadzevičienė R, Sapragonienė M, Navickaitė J, Barzdžiukaitė I. Inhibition of peripheral blood neutrophil oxidative burst in periodontitis patients with a homeopathic medication Traumeel S. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR284-91. [PMID: 21525811 PMCID: PMC3539582 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-inflammatory effects of a homeopathic remedy, Traumeel S, have been observed in experimental and clinical studies; however, its antioxidant properties have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Traumeel S on peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with periodontitis. Material/Methods The study was performed using venous blood of 22 individuals with chronic periodontitis and 21 healthy subjects. The antioxidant effects of Traumeel S on the production of reactive oxygen species by unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli neutrophils were investigated using luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Results Polymorphonuclear leukocytes of periodontitis patients produced higher levels (p<0.01) of light output of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and significantly reduced (p<0.01) light output of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence than analogous cells of healthy subjects. Highly diluted (10−4 of the stem solution) Traumeel S significantly (by approximately 50%) reduced superoxide-induced oxidation of lucigenin by unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli polymorphonuclear leukocytes of periodontitis patients and had a tendency to intensify luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Preincubation of the unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy subjects with Traumeel S exerts no inhibitory action on the luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of the above-mentioned cells. Conclusions This study indicates that Traumeel S may significantly reduce production of superoxide anion by unstimulated and stimulated peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils of periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juozas Žilinskas
- STOMATOLOGIJA Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Mizuno N, Niitani M, Shiba H, Iwata T, Hayashi I, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H. Proteome analysis of proteins related to aggressive periodontitis combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:310-7. [PMID: 21226751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Some patients suffering from aggressive periodontitis (Ag-P) also display neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction. In this study, we attempted to identify the proteins involved in Ag-P associated with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction using proteome analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis system was used to detect differences in protein expression between neutrophils from four patients suffering from Ag-P combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction and those from four controls. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the proteins identified by the above method were examined in neutrophils from four types of subjects using the real-time polymerase chain reaction: twenty patients suffering from Ag-P with or without the dysfunction, 15 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 15 controls. RESULTS Four proteins, lactoferrin, caldesmon, heat shock protein 70, and stac, displayed a higher protein expression level in the neutrophils from the patients suffering from Ag-P combined with the neutrophil dysfunction than in those from the control group. The caldesmon mRNA levels in the neutrophils from the patients suffering from Ag-P combined with the neutrophil dysfunction were high compared with those in the neutrophils from the patients suffering from the other two types of periodontitis and those from the control group. CONCLUSION Caldesmon may be a marker of Ag-P combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Research Facility, Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Hall JA, Chinn RM, Vorachek WR, Gorman ME, Jewell DE. Aged Beagle dogs have decreased neutrophil phagocytosis and neutrophil-related gene expression compared to younger dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:130-5. [PMID: 20605222 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Information on aging and the innate immune response in dogs is needed in order to understand the impact of age on the innate immune system and to design diets that might improve age-associated changes in innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age on phagocytosis and antibacterial activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, and on expression levels of selected mRNA specific for neutrophil migration or killing functions. Three groups of Beagle dogs were evaluated in a cross-sectional study design: puppies less than 1 year of age (n=15), adults 1-7 years of age (n=37) and senior adults over 8 years of age (n=25). Neutrophil phagocytosis and killing of Lactococcus lactis were assessed, and the relative abundance of mRNAs for myeloperoxidase (MPO), l-selectin, interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8R) and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) was determined. Results showed that in Beagle dogs there is a significant effect of age on percent bacterial killing by neutrophils. Average decline in phagocytic ability at 4 and 10 years of age (compared to 1 year of age) was 25% and 39%, respectively. In addition, younger dogs have significantly higher levels of mRNA for IL-8R, l-selectin and ICE. These results suggest that older dogs have depressed innate immune responses compared with younger dogs, which may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR 97331-4802, United States.
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10
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Dommisch H, Vorderwülbecke S, Eberhard J, Steglich M, Jepsen S. SELDI-TOF-MS of gingival crevicular fluid--a methodological approach. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:803-9. [PMID: 19555922 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) and the human cathelicidin LL-37 are antimicrobial peptides secreted by neutrophils, which play a crucial role in innate immune responses. The aim of this study was to establish a new method for ProteinChip arrays in combination with surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) technology and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. To optimize experimental conditions, four different ProteinChip arrays (NP20; CM10, pH 4; CM10, pH 7; IMAC) along with corresponding binding buffers were tested. GCF samples were collected from patients showing healthy periodontal sites and sites with early signs of inflammation (gingivitis), but with no pocket depth greater than 4 mm. For GCF analysis, NP20 arrays and CM10 (pH 4) arrays showed specific and reproducible profiles in the range of 2.5-30.0 kDa. Donors that demonstrated significantly higher intensity peaks corresponding to the mass of LL-37 (p=0.01) also tended to show greater intensity peaks corresponding to the masses of HNP-1 and HNP-2 in samples from inflamed compared to healthy periodontal sites. The findings indicate that analysis of GCF samples by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a useful approach to simultaneously analyze multiple markers, such as antimicrobial peptides, which may be beneficial for determination of new periodontal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Giannopoulou C, Krause KH, Müller F. The NADPH oxidase NOX2 plays a role in periodontal pathologies. Semin Immunopathol 2008; 30:273-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-008-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Gunji T, Onouchi Y, Nagasawa T, Katagiri S, Watanabe H, Kobayashi H, Arakawa S, Noguchi K, Hata A, Izumi Y, Ishikawa I. Functional polymorphisms of the FPR1 gene and aggressive periodontitis in Japanese. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Chapple ILC, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:160-232. [PMID: 17214840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- Unit of Periodontology, The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
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Morozumi T, Kubota T, Sugita N, Itagaki M, Yoshie H. Alterations of gene expression in human neutrophils induced by smoking cessation. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:1110-6. [PMID: 15560814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of smoking cessation on the peripheral neutrophil mRNA expression levels for inflammatory cytokines, chemokine, growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen male smokers (aged 22-39 [25.3+/-4.0] years), with no clinical signs of periodontal and systemic diseases, were recruited. The experiment was performed before (baseline) and at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after smoking cessation. The status of smoking and smoking cessation was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and serum cotinine concentration. Neutrophils were isolated from each subjects' peripheral blood, then the cell was stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). The mRNA expression levels for interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MMP-8 were analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions. The same experiment was performed on 11 non-smoking controls (four female and seven male), aged 23-27 (24.4+/-1.2) years. RESULTS Eleven of 16 smokers successfully completed smoking cessation for 8 weeks. At 1 day after smoking cessation, there was a statistically significantly lower CO concentration than at baseline (p<0.01). Also, cotinine concentration markedly decreased at the second measurement, which was taken at 1 week. All of the analyzed mRNA expression levels of neutrophils from smokers were statistically significantly lower than that in non-smokers (p<0.01: IL-1 beta, IL-8, VEGF; p<0.05: TNF-alpha, MMP-8). The MMP-8 mRNA levels were statistically significantly increased at 8 weeks after smoking cessation compared with the baseline (p<0.05). Although the other mRNA expression levels were also elevated gradually from the baseline, they did not reach the statistically significant levels at 8 weeks after smoking cessation. CONCLUSION The results showed that the neutrophil transcript levels in smokers were generally lower than those in non-smokers, which could be related to an impairment of neutrophils by smoking effects. The significant increase of MMP-8 mRNA levels were associated with the effects of smoking cessation, while recovery of the other mRNA levels seemed to require a bit longer period beyond 8 weeks after smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem E Sahingur
- Department of Oral Biology, and Periodontics & Endodontics, Schoolof Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Syed R, Uygar C, Pallos D, Gorry MC, Firatli E, Cortelli JR, VanDyke TE, Hart PS, Feingold E, Hart TC. Evaluation of human leukocyte N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR1) SNPs in aggressive periodontitis patients. Genes Immun 2003; 4:22-9. [PMID: 12595898 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are attracted to sites of infection by N-formylpeptide (fMLP) chemoattractants. The high-affinity fMLP receptor (FPR1) of phagocytic cells interacts with bacterial fMLP and mediates chemotaxis, degranulation, and superoxide production. These cellular functions are disrupted in PMN from aggressive periodontitis (AP) patients. Two FPR1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), c.329T>C and c.378C>G, have been associated with a localized form of AP in African-American patients. To evaluate the generality of these SNPs in AP patients, we sequenced a 363 bp interval of the FPR1 gene in an ethnically diverse group of patients (n=111) and controls (n=115). Neither c.329T>C nor c.378C>G were detected in the 452 alleles sequenced. Six SNPs were identified including two located in the FPR1 second extracellular loop that were significantly associated with the AP phenotype in African-American patients (p.R190W, P=0.0033; and p.N192K, P=0.0018). These two SNPs show three predominant haplotypes, each associated with a different disease risk in African-Americans. These data do not support the hypothesis that the FPR1 SNPs c.329T>C and c.378C>G play an etiologic role in aggressive periodontitis, but do suggest that SNPs in the second extracellular loop may be etiologically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburg School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburg, PA 15261, USA
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Liu RK, Cao CF, Meng HX, Gao Y. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their mediators in gingival tissues from generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2001; 72:1545-53. [PMID: 11759866 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.11.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions were generally considered to be related to the onset of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). However, some research has indicated that the hyperreactivity of PMN seems to be involved in the inflammatory response of GAgP. The present study's main purpose was to provide more evidence about the role of PMN in the pathogenesis of GAgP by surveying PMN infiltration in gingiva and its relationship with the expression of their mediators including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The inflammatory response in GAgP was also compared with that in adult periodontitis (AP) and periodontally healthy subjects. Since these PMN mediators were reported to be produced mainly by macrophages, the association between the expression of these PMN mediators and the distribution of macrophages was also investigated. METHODS A total of 25 gingival specimens were obtained from 10 GAgP patients, 10 AP patients, and 5 periodontally healthy subjects. Serial sections were obtained from each specimen, and the following techniques were adopted to investigate the distribution and interrelation of different cells and cytokines. Infiltration of PMN was observed by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Distribution of the macrophages, identified as CD68+, was shown by using immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of ICAM-1, IL-8, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha in gingival tissues. These techniques were performed in serial sections from each individual specimen. RESULTS Large numbers of infiltrating PMNs were observed in gingiva from GAgP. In gingiva from both GAgP and AP, the strongest protein and mRNA expression of IL-8, ICAM-1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were located in pocket epithelium and adjacent connective tissue with large numbers of infiltrating PMNs. In tissues without abundant PMN infiltration, the appearance of positive cells expressing IL-8, ICAM-1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha was scattered. CD68+ was distributed sparsely in connective tissue and was hardly seen in pocket epithelium with large numbers of PMN infiltration. The degree of leukocyte infiltration and connective tissue destruction in gingiva from GAgP patients was not distinctly different from that in gingiva from AP. The gingival specimens with heavy PMN infiltration from both GAgP and AP patients presented strong expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha; showed more extensive inflammatory cell infiltration; had severe connective tissue destruction; and presented severe elongation and ulceration of pocket epithelium. In gingiva from healthy subjects, inflammation was minor with visually no PMN, CD68+, or the positive cells of IL-8, ICAM-1, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced accumulation of PMN, which is associated with the upregulation of IL-8, ICAM-1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha expression, relates to the severity and activity of GAgP. In addition to macrophages, PMN and/or epithelial cells might also be important sources of IL-8, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production in gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Worch KP, Listgarten MA, Korostoff JM. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset periodontitis: a case report. J Periodontol 2001; 72:96-106. [PMID: 11210080 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of early-onset forms of periodontitis (EOP) represent a major challenge to periodontists. In this case report, we describe a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of a patient with severe generalized juvenile periodontitis (GJP). Our approach incorporates clinical laboratory evaluation with conventional concepts of periodontal pathogenesis and therapeutics to diagnose and effectively treat EOP. METHODS The 17-year-old female patient presented with clinical and radiographic evidence of severe attachment loss. Microbiological testing showed the presence of known periodontal pathogens including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Routine immunological tests did not reveal any of the functional defects thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of EOP After initiation of therapy, which consisted of scaling and root planing, supplemented with administration of systemic antibiotics, a reduction in probing depth and gain in clinical attachment could be demonstrated. Microbiological testing was used to monitor the composition of the periodontal microbiota and to adjust antimicrobial therapy accordingly. RESULTS Using a non-surgical approach to treatment, except for 2 root amputations performed without flap reflection, we have been able to stabilize this patient's periodontal condition over the course of a 2-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This treatment strategy provides an efficacious alternative to more aggressive forms of therapy and should therefore be considered for the treatment of patients with severe EOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Worch
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Waddington RJ, Moseley R, Embery G. Reactive oxygen species: a potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2000; 6:138-51. [PMID: 10822357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathological events leading to the destruction of the periodontium during inflammatory periodontal diseases are likely to represent complex interactions involving an imbalance in enzymic and non-enzymic degradative mechanisms. This paper aims to review the increasing body of evidence implicating reactive oxygen species (ROS), derived from many metabolic sources, in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue destruction. ROS are generated predominantly by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during an inflammatory response and are regarded as being highly destructive in nature. The detection of ROS oxidation products, the elevation of iron and copper ions, which catalyse the production of the most reactive radical species, and the identification of an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant activity within periodontal pockets, suggests a significant role for ROS in periodontal tissue destruction. In vitro studies have shown that ROS are capable of degrading a number of extracellular matrix components including proteoglycans, resulting in the modification of amino acid functional groups, leading to fragmentation of the core protein, whilst the constituent glycosaminoglycan chains undergo limited depolymerisation. The identification and characterisation of connective tissue metabolites in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) resulting from the degradation of periodontal tissues, notably alveolar bone, provides further evidence for a role for ROS in tissue destruction associated with inflammatory periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Waddington
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
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