1
|
Escobar E, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Peñafiel C, Hormazábal-Hevia A, Herrera-Fuentes C, Mori-Aliaga D. Immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF and CD105 according to histological grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE PATOLOGIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CITOLOGIA 2023; 56:147-157. [PMID: 37419553 PMCID: PMC10234467 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent head and neck cancer. Few studies have analyzed the expression of proteins related to inflammation (COX-2) and tumor progression according to the histological grade of OSCC. OBJECTIVE Analyze the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, Ki-67 (cell proliferation), Bcl-2/Bax (apoptosis), VEGF, and CD105 (angiogenesis) according to histological grades of OSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF, and CD105 of 58 cases of OSCC was analyzed. 13 cases of oral mucosa (OM) were analyzed as controls. RESULTS COX-2, VEGF, CD105, and Ki-67 were higher in OSCC than in OM, particularly in poorly differentiated OSCC (p<0.05). Bax expression was lower in poorly differentiated OSCC (p<0.001). The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was higher in OSCC compared to MO (p<0.05). CONCLUSION There are immunohistochemical differences according to histological grades of OSCC, which could influence clinical behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Escobar
- Departmento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Peñafiel
- Departmento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alondra Hormazábal-Hevia
- Departmento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Herrera-Fuentes
- Departmento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Mori-Aliaga
- Departmento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das R, Virlan MJR, Xenaki V, Kulasekara KK, Lukandu O, Neppelberg E, Vintermyr OK, Johannessen AC, Calenic B, Costea DE. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and keratinocyte growth factor control of early stages of differentiation of oral epithelium. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12867. [PMID: 35452148 PMCID: PMC9322408 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral epithelial differentiation is known to be directed by underlying fibroblasts, but the responsible factor(s) have not been identified. We aimed here to identify fibroblast‐derived factors responsible for oral epithelial differentiation. Primary normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from healthy volunteers after informed consent (n = 5) and 3D‐organotypic (3D‐OT) cultures were constructed. Various growth factors were added at a range of 0.1‐100 ng/ml. 3D‐OTs were harvested after ten days and assessed histologically, by immunohistochemistry and the TUNEL method. Epithelium developed in 3D‐OT without fibroblasts showed an undifferentiated phenotype. Addition of granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) induced expression of cytokeratin 13 in suprabasal cell layers. Admixture of GM‐CSF and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induced, in addition, polarization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and β1‐integrin to basal cell layer and collagen IV deposition. Terminal differentiation with polarization of TUNEL‐positive cells to superficial layers occurred only in the presence of fibroblasts in collagen gels either in direct contact or at distance from normal oral keratinocytes. Taken together, these results show that major aspects of oral epithelial differentiation are regulated by the synergic combination of GM‐CSF and KGF. However, the terminal stage seems to be controlled by other yet unidentified fibroblast‐derived diffusible factor(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Das
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Justina Roxana Virlan
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Department of Biochemistry, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Xenaki
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Keerthi K Kulasekara
- Department of Pharmacy & Applied Science, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ochiba Lukandu
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Neppelberg
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav K Vintermyr
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Chr Johannessen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Department of Biochemistry, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dwivedi R, Chandra S, Mehrotra D, Raj V, Pandey R. Predicting transition from oral pre-malignancy to malignancy via Bcl-2 immuno-expression: Evidence and lacunae. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:397-403. [PMID: 32775181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 (B cell Lymphoma -2) family comprises of both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins whose altered expression or change in ratio inhibits apoptosis, and promotes tumor progression. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of Bcl-2 in distinguishing dysplastic or malignant epithelium from non-dysplastic or normal epithelium to aid in prediction of malignant transformation potential. Material and method Study group comprised of 30 cases of clinically diagnosed leukoplakia (OPMD), 15 cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and 5 normal tissue samples. The labeling index of Bcl-2 was analyzed in immunohistochemically stained sections. Different statistical tools were used to analyze the data and to compare Bcl-2 expression qualitatively and quantitatively among all the groups. Results An increasing trend of Bcl-2 immunoexpression was observed from normal epithelium to non-dysplastic and from non-dysplastic to dysplastic lesions. In OSCC, the peripheral cells in the differentiating epithelial islands (within the connective tissue) showed Bcl-2 immuno-reactivity, which gradually decreased towards the center. In contrast, intense and diffuse Bcl-2 immuno-reactivity was seen in poorly differentiated carcinoma. But the overall Bcl-2 positivity was less in OSCC as compared to dysplastic lesions. Conclusion Increased expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein in sequentially progressing epithelial dysplasia and down-regulation in differentiating carcinoma (well and moderately differentiating OSCC) unveils the clinical relevance of Bcl-2 in early stages of OSCC tumorigenesis. The heterogenous expression of Bcl-2 in carcinoma with different grades of differentiation renders them unable to be used as an independent tool for predicting transition from oral pre-malignancy to malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dwivedi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vineet Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- DHR-MRU, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Polydopamine-coated Au-Ag nanoparticle-guided photothermal colorectal cancer therapy through multiple cell death pathways. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:414-424. [PMID: 30366131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are emerging as a new therapeutic modality due to their high stability, precise targeting, and high biocompatibility. Branched Au-Ag nanoparticles with polydopamine coating (Au-Ag@PDA) have strong near-infrared absorbance and no cytotoxicity but high photothermal conversion efficiency. However, the photothermal activity of Au-Ag@PDA in vivo and in vitro has not been reported yet, and the mechanism underlying the effects of photothermal nanomaterials is not clear. Therefore, in this study, the colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 and nude mice xenografts were used to observe the photothermal effects of Au-Ag@PDA in vivo and in vitro. The results suggest that Au-Ag@PDA NPs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, Au-Ag@PDA NP-mediated photothermal therapy inhibited the growth of tumors at doses of 50 and 100 μg in vivo. The mechanisms through which Au-Ag@PDA NPs induced colorectal cancer cell death involved multiple pathways, including caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, lysosomal membrane permeability, and autophagy. Thus, our findings suggest that Au-Ag@PDA NPs could be used as potential antitumor agents for photothermal ablation of colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gopalakrishnan T, Ganapathy S, Veeran V, Namasivayam N. Preventive effect of D-carvone during DMBA induced mouse skin tumorigenesis by modulating xenobiotic metabolism and induction of apoptotic events. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:178-187. [PMID: 30583225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural integrity and excellent immune system of the skin makes it a protective covering, inspite of its exposure to hazardous compounds. In the present study, the chemopreventive efficacy of D-carvone was studied in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis. DMBA (25 μg in 0.1 m L-1acetone) was used to induce skin cancer in Swiss albino mice. Animals were randomly divided into six groups of six animals in each. Different concentrations of D-carvone (10, 20, 30 mg/kg body weight) were used to assess its anticancer effect. Tumor incidence, tumor volume, tumor burden, histological examination and levels of phase I and phase II detoxification agents were analyzed in experimental animals. Further, expression of p53 and various apoptotic proteins including- Bcl-2, Bax was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and enzymatic expression of apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and caspase-9 was carried out by using ELISA. We observed 100% tumor incidence in DMBA-painted animals and our results showed that D-carvone at 20 mg dose significantly prevents skin carcinogenesis. Our results also showed decreased levels of phase I enzymes (Cyt P450 and-Cyt b5) with increased levels of phase II enzymes (GR, GST and GSH) and increased expression of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 with decreased expression of mutated p53 and Bcl-2 in animals treated with DMBA and D-carvone at 20 mg dose. The results of the present study suggest that D-carvone can be used as a chemopreventive agent against skin cancer, as it induces apoptosis in cancer. However, further studies are warranted to check chemopreventive efficacy of D-carvone on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis before going to human trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamizharasi Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sindhu Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Veeravarmal Veeran
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salem A, Almahmoudi R, Listyarifah D, Siponen M, Maaninka K, Al-Samadi A, Salo T, Eklund KK. Histamine H 4 receptor signalling in tongue cancer and its potential role in oral carcinogenesis - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:621-630. [PMID: 28653289 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent reports indicate that histamine and its novel, high-affinity histamine H4 receptor (H4R) play a role in carcinogenesis, and thus H4R signalling has become a focus of increasing interest in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The roles of H4R in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess H4R expression in OTSCC patients and in OTSCC-derived cell lines. METHODS Biopsies taken from OED, OTSCC and healthy oral mucosa were studied by immunostaining. Primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and two OTSCC-derived cell lines (HSC-3 and SCC-25) were used for the in vitro studies. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure oncogene expression in the stimulated HOKs. RESULTS We found that H4R-immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the OED and OTSCC samples, especially in the samples with higher histopathological grades and noticeably increased mast cell counts. The presence of H4R in HSC-3 cells had clearly waned, in contrast to the HOKs. Gene expression data indicated that histamine-relevant inflammatory and environmental elements may participate in the regulation of oncogenes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an association between H4R and oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our findings raise a potential implication of histamine-mediated factors in the regulation of oncogenes, possibly via mast cells, as crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. The identification of new elements that govern oral cancer development is highly relevant for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in OTSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, PO Box 63, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rabeia Almahmoudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, PO Box 63, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dyah Listyarifah
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, PO Box 63, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria Siponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, PO Box 63, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, PO Box 63, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang YY, Chen YK, Hsu YL, Chiu WC, Tsai CH, Hu SCS, Hsieh PW, Yuan SSF. Synthetic β-nitrostyrene derivative CYT-Rx20 as inhibitor of oral cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth through glutathione suppression and reactive oxygen species induction. Head Neck 2017; 39:1055-1064. [PMID: 28346709 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The β-nitrostyrene family possesses anticancer properties. In this study, β-nitrostyrene derivative CYT-Rx20 (3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene) was synthesized and investigated its anticancer activity in oral cancer. METHODS Anticancer activity of CYT-Rx20 and the underlying mechanisms were analyzed using cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, annexin V staining, comet assay, glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, immunoblotting, soft agar assay, nude mice xenograft study, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CYT-Rx20-induced cell apoptosis via ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, associated with release of mitochondrial cytochrome C to cytosol and activation of downstream caspases and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, CYT-Rx20 induced mitochondrial ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, followed by GSH downregulation. CYT-Rx20-induced cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage were reversed by thiol antioxidants. In nude mice, CYT-Rx20 inhibited oral tumor growth accompanied by increased expression of γH2AX, GSH reductase, and cleaved-caspase-3. CONCLUSION CYT-Rx20 has the potential to be further developed into an antioral cancer drug clinically. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1055-1064, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Chiu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leite AFSDA, Bernardo VG, Buexm LA, Fonseca ECD, Silva LED, Barroso DRC, Lourenço SDQC. Immunoexpression of cleaved caspase-3 shows lower apoptotic area indices in lip carcinomas than in intraoral cancer. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:359-65. [PMID: 27556207 PMCID: PMC4990365 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720160156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate apoptosis by assessing cleaved caspase-3 immunoexpression in hyperplastic, potentially malignant disorder (PMD), and malignant tumors in intraoral and lower lip sites. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study using paraffin blocks with tissues from patients with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH), actinic cheilitis, oral leukoplakia, lower lip and intraoral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was performed. The tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody. Apoptotic area index was then correlated with lesion type. RESULTS From 120 lesions assessed, 55 (46%) were cleaved caspase-3-positive. The SCC samples (n=40) had the highest apoptotic area indices (n=35; 87.5%). Significant differences were detected between SCCs and PMDs (p=0.0003), as well as SCCs and IFHs (p=0.001), regarding caspase-3 immunopositivity. Carcinomas of the lower lip had lower apoptotic area indices than intraoral cancer (p=0.0015). CONCLUSIONS Cleaved caspase-3 immunoexpression showed differences in oral SCCs and PMDs and demonstrated a distinct role of apoptosis in carcinogenesis of intraoral and lower lip cancer. In future, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 with other target molecules in oral cancer may be helpful in delineating the prognosis and treatment of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vagner Gonçalves Bernardo
- - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto de Alcântara Gomes, Departamento de Bioquímica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luisa Aguirre Buexm
- - Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Centro de Pesquisas, Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eliene Carvalho da Fonseca
- - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Licínio Esmeraldo da Silva
- - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Matemática, Departamento de Estatística, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Danielle Resende Camisasca Barroso
- - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Formação Específica, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil.,- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica-odontológica, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Siavash H, Nikitakis N, Sauk J. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription: Insights into the Molecular Basis of Oral Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:298-307. [DOI: 10.1177/154411130401500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts on developing more direct and effective targets for cancer therapy have revolved around a family of transcription factors known as STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription). STAT proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that become activated in response to extracellular signaling proteins. STAT proteins have been convincingly reported to possess oncogenic properties in a plethora of human cancers, including oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Signal transduction pathways mediated by these oncogenic transcription factors and their regulation in oral cancer are the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Siavash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland, Dental School, 666 West Baltimore Street, Room 4-C-02, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - N.G. Nikitakis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland, Dental School, 666 West Baltimore Street, Room 4-C-02, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - J.J. Sauk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland, Dental School, 666 West Baltimore Street, Room 4-C-02, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Agarwal S, Chaudhary M, Gawande M, Gupta P. Documentation of postmortem changes in salivary gland architecture and staining characteristics. J Forensic Dent Sci 2016; 8:113. [PMID: 27555735 PMCID: PMC4970411 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1475.186360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Estimation of time passed since death continues to be a major problem for the forensic pathologist and its determination plays an important and vital role in medico-legal cases. The histological studies on various tissues after death have been mostly confined to single organ or tissue by individual workers at different atmospheric conditions. AIMS The aim of this study is to determine the best rehydrating solution for dehydrated tissues in postmortem examination. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This study was specific to salivary gland tissues and certain pattern of changes were determined during postmortem time intervals using hematoxylin and eosin stain and special stains like mucicarmine and alcian blue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into two groups. (1) Group A: Normal tissue samples (twenty normal salivary gland tissue samples left without fixation for varying periods of time). (2) Group B: Control group (twenty normal salivary gland tissue samples immediately fixed in formalin). The three different rehydrating agents used in this study were glycerol, normal saline and modified Ruffer solution. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Not required. RESULTS Modified Ruffer solution is the best when compared to glycerol and normal saline for rehydration of dehydrated tissues. CONCLUSIONS Thus in our study we conclude that the tissue which had been dehydrated at the crime scene for a fairly long period showed better rehydration with modified Ruffer solution and yield good cellular and nuclear details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Gawande
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Patil A, Anand R, Patil SG, Rao RS, Augustine D. Inflammation and Oral Cancer: An Update Review on Targeted Therapies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:595-602. [PMID: 26329416 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the recent past, numerous inflammation-mediated molecular pathways have been explored and studied as important events in carcinogenesis with respect to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These pathways are engaged in numerous stages during tumorigenesis; which includes processes, like initiation, promotion, malignant conversion, invasion and metastasis. The inflammation-mediated/related carcinogenesis pathways reported in OSCC involves COX-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p38a MAP kinase, NF-kB, STAT, RhoC, PPARy, etc. Many researchers are trying to target these pathways to explore more effective therapeutic interventions in OSCC. The aim of the present paper is to briefly discuss these pathways, with special emphasis on the therapeutic utilities. The therapeutic targets for the aforementioned pathways were searched in databases pubmed and scopus with no restriction to date of publication. Articles published in English medical literature on OSCC were selected for discussion. The recent combinations, modifications in dosage and frequency, or the use of new anti-inflammatory compounds, may exemplify the next generation care for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +919922491465, e-mail:
| | - Anuprita Patil
- EK 2 Emirates building, Muhaisnah 4, United Arab Emirates Dubai
| | - Rahul Anand
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankar Gouda Patil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Expression of apoptosis-regulating miRNAs and target mRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
13
|
Tiwari P, Sahay S, Pandey M, Qadri SSYH, Gupta KP. Combinatorial chemopreventive effect of butyric acid, nicotinamide and calcium glucarate against the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced mouse skin tumorigenesis attained by enhancing the induction of intrinsic apoptotic events. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 226:1-11. [PMID: 25478867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We explored the basis of the combinatorial chemopreventive effect of butyric acid (BA), nicotinamide (NA) and calcium glucarate (CAG) on mouse skin exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). We studied the effects of topical application of DMBA in the presence or absence of BA, NA and CAG on the regulators of apoptosis. DMBA treatment suppressed Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cyt c, Apaf1, caspase-9, -3 mediated apoptosis. Downregulation of p21 and upregulation of Bcl-2, mut p53 were also observed in only DMBA treated mice. Simultaneous application of BA, NA and CAG induced a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, characterized by a rise in the Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cyt c, upregulation of Apaf1 with down-stream activation of caspase-9, -3. Furthermore treatment with BA, NA and CAG demonstrated an upregulation of p21 and downregulation of Bcl-2, mut p53. But this effect was enhanced in the presence of all the three compounds together in combination. Chemoprevention by a combination of BA, NA and CAG by inducing the apoptosis, the natural cell death, suggest the importance of the potential combinational strategies capable of preventing skin tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Tiwari
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Satya Sahay
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Manuraj Pandey
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Syed S Y H Qadri
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishna P Gupta
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garewal J, Garewal R, Sircar K. Expression of Bcl-2 and MIB-1 Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)- A Comparative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:QC01-4. [PMID: 25177617 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/6474.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoplasia results from various genetic and epigenetic factors. Our study focused on the pathogenesis which involved an imbalance in various molecular mechanisms which regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic mechanism is regulated by Bcl-2 gene, while Ki-67 is expressed exclusively in nuclei of proliferating cells. This study was done to evaluate the basic pathologic process which underlay well and poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cases of oscc were selected, out of which 11 were well differentiated, 9 were moderately differentiated and 10 were poorly differentiated. Three slides of 4μm thickness were prepared out of each sample, which were then subjected to Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) staining and two types of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Immunohistochmical markers used were Ki-67 (proliferative marker using MIB-1 (Molecular Immunology Borstel 1) antibody) and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic marker). The number of MIB-1 and Bcl-2 positive cells was calculated from ten different high power fields, by counting the number of positive cells per 50 cells in each field, by making a grid pattern. The overall percentage value for each case was evaluated for MIB-1 and Bcl-2 positive cells. Karl-Pearson's co-relation coefficient was calculated between MIB-1 and Bcl-2 in each group. The aim of this study was to co-relate the expression of Ki-67, a proliferative marker, by using MIB-1 antibody and Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic marker in various grades of oscc and also to determine whether there was any co-relation between these two markers in the 30 cases of oscc . RESULTS A statistically significant increase for MIB-1 and a statistically significant decrease for Bcl-2 was found in well to moderately to poorly differentiated Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A statistically significant co-relation was also found between MIB-1 and Bcl-2 in poorly differentiated oscc . CONCLUSION MIB-1 expression is predominant in well, moderate and poorly differentiated SCCs. Bcl-2 expression is predominant in well differentiated than in moderately and poorly differentiated oscc , which suggested that apoptosis probably played a major role in the early stages of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Garewal
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, National Dental College and Hospital , Derabassi, India
| | - Ripin Garewal
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital , Derabassi, India
| | - Keya Sircar
- Faculty, Department of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Dental College , New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Loreto C, Galanti C, Leonardi R, Musumeci G, Pannone G, Palazzo G, Rusu MC. Possible role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and clinical evolution of radicular cyst: an immunohistochemical study. Int Endod J 2013; 46:642-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Loreto
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; Section of Anatomy; University of Catania; Catania; Italy
| | - C. Galanti
- Department of Orthodontics; University of Catania; Catania; Italy
| | - R. Leonardi
- Department of Orthodontics; University of Catania; Catania; Italy
| | - G. Musumeci
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; Section of Anatomy; University of Catania; Catania; Italy
| | - G. Pannone
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Institute of Pathology and Cytopathology; University of Foggia; Foggia; Italy
| | - G. Palazzo
- Department of Orthodontics; University of Catania; Catania; Italy
| | - M. C. Rusu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine; “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Bucharest; Romania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li X, Li W, Ma G, Liang X, Xiao J, Jacobs R. Oral Cavity Carcinogenesis Modeled in Carcinogen-Treated Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Leyva-Huerta ER, Ledesma-Montes C, Rojo-Botello RE, Vega-Memije E. P53 and bcl-2 immunoexpression in patients with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e745-50. [PMID: 22549684 PMCID: PMC3482516 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine by immunohistochemistry the presence and significance of p53 and bcl-2 proteins in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). STUDY DESIGN We used 21 cases diagnosed as OLP 16 diagnosed as OSCC and four normal gingival biopsies taken from healthy patients were used as controls. Slides were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-p53 and anti-bcl-2 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS We found p53 immunoexpression in 71.4% OLP cases and 68.7% OSCC cases, with no immunoexpression in control cases. Bcl-2 was negative for all OLP and OSCC cases, and mild positivity was observed in normal tissue. We found significant correlation among p53 expression and OSCC malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TP53 system mainly promotes a hyperproliferative state by cell cycle arrest of the OLP epithelial cells for repairing damaged DNA nor apoptosis and that anti-apoptotic action of bcl-2 is not important in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elba-Rosa Leyva-Huerta
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Ciprés #169-2, Col. Vergel-Coapa, México, 14320. D.F, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bose P, Klimowicz AC, Kornaga E, Petrillo SK, Matthews TW, Chandarana S, Magliocco AM, Brockton NT, Dort JC. Bax expression measured by AQUAnalysis is an independent prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:332. [PMID: 22852863 PMCID: PMC3487960 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and proteins regulating apoptosis have been proposed as prognostic markers in several malignancies. However, the prognostic impact of apoptotic markers has not been consistently demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This inconsistency in reported associations between apoptotic proteins and prognosis can be partly attributed to the intrinsic low resolution and misclassification associated with manual, semi-quantitative methods of biomarker expression measurement. The aim of this study was to examine the association between apoptosis-regulating proteins and clinical outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using the quantitative fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) based AQUAnalysis technique. Methods Sixty-nine OSCC patients diagnosed between 1998–2005 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada were included in the study. Clinical data were obtained from the Alberta Cancer Registry and chart review. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were assembled from triplicate cores of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded pre-treatment tumour tissue. Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL protein expression was quantified using fluorescent IHC and AQUA technology in normal oral cavity squamous epithelium (OCSE) and OSCC tumour samples. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results Bax expression was predominantly nuclear in OCSE and almost exclusively cytoplasmic in OSCC. No similar differences in localization were observed for Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL. Only Bax expression associated with disease-specific survival (DSS), with 5-year survival estimates of 85.7% for high Bax versus 50.3% for low Bax (p = 0.006), in univariate analysis. High Bax expression was also significantly associated with elevated Ki67 expression, indicating that increased proliferation might lead to an improved response to radiotherapy in patients with elevated Bax expression. In multivariate analyses, Bax protein expression remained an independent predictor of DSS in OSCC [HR 0.241 (0.078-0.745), p = 0.013]. Conclusions The AQUA technique used in our study eliminates observer bias and provides reliable and reproducible estimates for biomarker expression. AQUA also provides essential measures of quality control that cannot be achieved with manual biomarker scoring techniques. Our results support the use of Bax protein expression as a prognostic marker in conjunction with other clinico-pathological variables when designing personalized treatment strategies for OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Bose
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barut O, Vural P, Şirin Ş, Aydin S, Dizdar Y. The oxidant/antioxidant status and cell death mode in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:303-8. [PMID: 21815836 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.600720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress and imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system have a critical role in carcinogenesis by affecting necrosis and apoptosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status and cell death modes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with OSCC and 29 control subjects were included in the study. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined in plasma samples of all subjects. The necrotic and apoptotic cell death modes were evaluated with M65 ELISA and M30 ELISA, respectively. RESULTS MDA and AOPP values as oxidative stress markers were higher in patients with OSCC than in the control group. FRAP values evaluating plasma antioxidant status increased in OSCC patients. M65 and M30 levels indicating necrosis and apoptosis were significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to controls. There were significant correlations between MDA, AOPP and FRAP; M65 and M30 values. CONCLUSIONS The elevated levels of oxidative stress markers together with the increase of antioxidant capacity and the presence of a strong correlation between MDA, AOPP and FRAP suggest an activation of antioxidant defense against accentuated oxidative stress determined in OSCC. Enhanced oxidation of lipids and proteins may cause decomposition of cell membranes with subsequent leakage of cytoskeletal cytokeratins as CK18 and caspase-cleaved CK18 (evaluated as M65 and M30, respectively) in the circulation, suggesting that both cell death modes are affected in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oya Barut
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bulmer JN, Innes BA, Levey J, Robson SC, Lash GE. The role of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and migration during uterine spiral artery remodeling in normal human pregnancy. FASEB J 2012; 26:2975-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-203679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith N. Bulmer
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Barbara A. Innes
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Joanne Levey
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Stephen C. Robson
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Gendie E. Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vieira RAMAR, Minicucci EM, Marques MEA, Marques SA. Actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: clinical, histopathological and immunogenetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol 2012; 87:105-14. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962012000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic cheilitis is the main precancerous lesion of the lip. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is reported together with oral carcinomas in the Brazilian official statistics. Overall, they account for 40% of the head and neck carcinomas. In general, physicians and dentists know little about what causes oral tumor development and progression. Tumor suppressor genes and cell proliferation regulatory proteins play a role in the progression of actinic cheilitis to squamous cell carcinoma and in its biological behavior. Knowledge on prognostic and diagnostic markers has a positive impact on the follow-up of these patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chikamatsu K, Ishii H, Takahashi G, Okamoto A, Moriyama M, Sakakura K, Masuyama K. Resistance to apoptosis-inducing stimuli in CD44+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Head Neck 2011; 34:336-43. [PMID: 21472882 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 was identified previously as a surface marker in cancer stem cells (CSCs) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Most cancer treatments have been linked to the activation of the apoptosis-signaling pathway; however, the resistance mechanisms to apoptosis in CSCs have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS The sensitivity of CD44+ cells to diverse apoptosis-inducing stimuli was compared with that of CD44- cells. Furthermore, cell cycle changes and the expression of anti-apoptosis-related genes were examined using flow cytometry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS CD44+ cells were resistant to various apoptosis-inducing stimuli. Moreover, CD44+ cells showed a higher proportion of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and upregulation of Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family genes compared with CD44- cells. CONCLUSION Treatment resistance in CSCs seems to be regulated by various mechanisms, and, therefore, additional treatment strategies to target CSCs are required in patients with HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coutinho-Camillo CM, Lourenço SV, Nishimoto IN, Kowalski LP, Soares FA. Expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and association with clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2010; 57:304-16. [PMID: 20716171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the expression of proteins that inhibit (Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2-related protein A1, BAG-1) or promote (Bak, Bax, Bim/Bod, Bim-Long, Bad, Bid, PUMA) apoptosis and determine possible correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS AND RESULTS Two-hundred and twenty-nine cases of OSCC, arranged in a tissue microarray, were immunohistochemically analysed. The results demonstrated that the absence of vascular invasion was associated with increased expression of Bak, Bax, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2-related protein and PUMA. Increased expression of Bim/Bod and BAG-1 was associated with the presence of perineural infiltration. An increase in Bid and Bim-Long expression was associated with moderately to well-differentiated tumours. Increased expression of the Bcl-2-related protein and PUMA was associated with tumours occurring in the floor of mouth and increased expression of PUMA was also associated with recurrence of the tumour. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that PUMA and Bim-Long were independent factors in prognosis of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the involvement of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in OSCC tumorigenesis and suggest that the expression of apoptotic molecules might be used as a prognostic indicator for OSCC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Coutinho-Camillo CM, Lourenço SV, Nishimoto IN, Kowalski LP, Soares FA. Caspase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 33:1191-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
25
|
Mallick S, Patil R, Gyanchandani R, Pawar S, Palve V, Kannan S, Pathak KA, Choudhary M, Teni TR. Human oral cancers have altered expression of Bcl-2 family members and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic splice variant ofMcl-1. J Pathol 2009; 217:398-407. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
26
|
Ribeiro DA, Angelieri F. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells from adults exposed to dental X-rays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 26:325-30. [PMID: 18677605 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-008-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although it has been clearly demonstrated that X-rays play a key role in diagnosing medical and dental problems, this type of ionizing radiation is also able to induce noxious activities, such as genetic damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from healthy individuals (smokers and nonsmokers) following dental X-ray exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 39 healthy people who had submitted to panoramic dental radiography were included in the study: 9 smokers and 30 nonsmokers. RESULTS The results indicated no significant statistically differences (P>0.05) in micronucleated oral mucosa cells before and after dental X-ray exposure. On the other hand, X-ray exposure did increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis. It seems that cigarette smoke did not affect X-ray outcomes induced in buccal cells. CONCLUSION These data indicate that dental panoramic radiography may not induce chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity. Because cellular death is considered a prime mechanism in nongenotoxic mechanisms of carcinogenesis, dental X-ray should be used only when necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos SP 11060-001, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Expression of apoptotic and cell proliferation regulatory proteins in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
28
|
Ribeiro DA, Kitakawa D, Domingues MAC, Cabral LAG, Marques MEA, Salvadori DMF. Survivin and inducible nitric oxide synthase production during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis: A possible relationship. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:131-7. [PMID: 17428462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of survivin and inducible nitric oxide synthase during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50 ppm 4NQO solution through their drinking water for 4, 12, and 20 weeks. Ten animals were used as negative control. Although no histopathological abnormalities were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure, survivin and iNOS were expresssed (p<0.05) in some cells of the 'normal' oral epithelium. In pre-neoplastic lesions at 12 weeks following carcinogen exposure, the levels of survivin and iNOS were increased (p<0.05) when compared to negative control, being the strongest effect observed to iNOS. In well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO, survivin and iNOS were expressed in some tumor cells. Lack of immunoreactivity for both markers was observed in the negative control group. Taken together, our results support the belief that expression of survivin and iNOS are early events during malignant transformation and conversion of the oral mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Loro LL, Johannessen AC, Vintermyr OK. Loss of BCL-2 in the progression of oral cancer is not attributable to mutations. J Clin Pathol 2006; 58:1157-62. [PMID: 16254104 PMCID: PMC1770776 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.021709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCL-2 and BAX are important in the regulation of apoptosis. There have been reports of loss of BCL-2 in basal cells of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and suppression of BAX in poorly differentiated OSCC. AIM To investigate whether loss of BCL-2 in OED and OSCC, and of BAX in poorly differentiated OSCC could be attributed to BCL-2 and BAX mutations. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation were used to confirm BCL-2 and BAX expression. DNA was extracted from archival samples of OED (n = 22) and OSCC (n = 28). The connective tissue part from each section was collected separately and used as the normal reference. RESULTS No mutations were detected in BCL-2 or BAX that could explain their aberrant expression at the mRNA and protein levels in OED and OSCC. The reported A/G polymorphism at codon 7 of BCL-2 was detected in 18 of 50 samples and a novel C/T polymorphism at codon 100 was detected in three of 50 samples. CONCLUSIONS No mutations were found that could explain loss of BCL-2 in oral dysplasia and carcinoma. An unreported C/T polymorphism in BCL-2 was detected. Downregulation of BCL-2 in OED and OSCC may be the result of transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Loro
- Department of Odontology-Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Assis GF, Ceolin DS, Marques MEA, Salvadori DMF, Ribeiro DA. Cigarette smoke affects apoptosis in rat tongue mucosa: role of bcl-2 gene family. J Mol Histol 2005; 36:483-9. [PMID: 16733793 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-006-9023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While it has been clearly demonstrated that smoking is the most significant exogenous factor involved in oral carcinogenesis, little is known about the global molecular and cellular changes that occur prior to the appearance of clinically detectable symptoms. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the expressivity of bcl-2, bax and PCNA in the rat tongue mucosa exposed to cigarette smoke by means of immunohistochemistry. A total of twelve male Wistar rats were distributed into 2 groups: negative control and experimental group exposed to cigarette smoke during 75 days. After experimental period, no histopathological changes in the tongue mucosa were detected in the negative control and the experimental group. On the other hand, an overexpression of bcl-2 was detected (p < 0.01) throughout all layers of the epithelium, whereas bax did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). Also, the labeling index for bcl-2 and bax showed an increase 75 days after cigarette exposure (p < 0.01). PCNA-labeling index did not show remarkable changes between groups. Taken together, our results show that bcl-2 is overexpressed in the rat tongue keratinocytes after cigarette smoke exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson F Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Histology, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death plays an important role in maintenance of the normal physiological state and in the pathogenesis of diseases in the body. Over the last three decades the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis have been unravelled leading to development of novel therapeutic approaches. This paper aims to present current knowledge of the role of apoptosis in normal oral tissues and in the development of oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ll Loro
- Department of Odontology-Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Loyola AM, Cardoso SV, Lisa GS, Oliveira LJ, Mesquita RA, Carmo MAV, Aguiar MCF. Apoptosis in epithelial cells of apical radicular cysts. Int Endod J 2005; 38:465-9. [PMID: 15946267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the occurrence of apoptotic cell death in the epithelium of radicular cysts and to compare its frequency in lesions presenting a distinct functional state. METHODOLOGY Twenty radicular cysts were selected and arranged into two groups with 10 lesions in each group: atrophic (quiescent) and hyperplastic (active) epithelium. Morphologic investigations of apoptosis were conducted by means of optic microscopy in haematoxylin and eosin slides. Immunohistochemical techniques to detect the bcl-2 protein were carried out by streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase assay. In both instances, 30 sequential high-power microscopic fields were observed to determine apoptotic (AI) and bcl-2 immunostaining (bcl-2I) indexes. The presence of AI and bcl-2I within the two groups was compared using the t-test. Correlation between the AI and the bcl-2I was investigated using the Spearman test. RESULTS Apoptosis was detected in the epithelium of all cysts. Higher AI levels were found in lesions with an atrophic (0.17 +/- 0.19) rather than a hyperplastic (0.10 +/- 0.10) epithelium. The same was found for the bcl-2I levels (0.06 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.01, respectively). However, these differences were not statistically significant. A positive and significant correlation was found between AI and bcl-2I. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis was always present in the epithelium of the lesions and was more frequent in lesions with atrophic (quiescent) epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Loyola
- Oral Pathology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martínez A, Brethauer U, Rojas IG, Spencer M, Mucientes F, Borlando J, Rudolph MI. Expression of apoptotic and cell proliferation regulatory proteins in actinic cheilitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34:257-62. [PMID: 15817067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a pre-malignant lesion caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The apoptotic proteins p53, bax, bcl-2, and the proliferation marker Ki-67, are known to play an important role in UV-exposed skin and carcinomas, therefore, these markers were assessed in AC and compared with normal lip and oral mucosa. METHODS AC (n = 13), normal lip (n = 7) and oral mucosa (n = 6) biopsies were stained immunohistochemically for p53, bax, bcl-2 and Ki-67, to determine their expression and distribution. RESULTS p53 was over-expressed in AC as compared with normal lip and oral mucosa (P < 0.003). Although bcl-2 expression was higher in AC than in oral mucosa (P < 0.002), it was significantly reduced as compared with normal lip (P < 0.04). Bax expression remained unchanged, and Ki-67 was significantly increased in AC and normal lip as compared with oral mucosa (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that DNA-damaged cells by UV radiation in AC are eliminated by apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Syafriadi M, Cheng J, Jen KY, Ida-Yonemochi H, Suzuki M, Saku T. Two-phase appearance of oral epithelial dysplasia resulting from focal proliferation of parabasal cells and apoptosis of prickle cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34:140-9. [PMID: 15689227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the histologic characteristics of epithelial dysplasias of the oral mucosa is droplet-shaped rete processes resulting from a solid proliferation of basaloid cells. These basaloid cells are suddenly changed into an overlay of parakeratotic cells. However, it is unknown how this characteristic two-phase appearance is generated. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin sections of the oral mucosal specimens with normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas were examined for apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method and for lymphoid cells by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Apoptotic cells were only located in the keratinized layer of normal/hyperplastic epithelia. However, in epithelial dysplasias, apoptotic cells were scattered in the middle or even in the lower parts of the epithelial layer with frequent vacuolation changes of epithelial cells. Within the epithelial layer of dysplasias, there were increased number of lymphocytes, which were immunopositive for CD45RO, CD8, and CD57- and CD68-immunopositive (+), S-100 protein-positive and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-positive monocytic lineages. They increased in number with the severity of dysplastic degrees, and they were often located in the vicinity of apoptotic epithelial cells, but decreased in carcinomas in situ and invasive carcinomas, which contained fewer numbers of apoptotic figures. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that intraepithelial infiltrations of both cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells are closely related to the apoptotic phenomena of prickle cells, which may result in the characteristic 'two-phase appearance' of epithelial dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Syafriadi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nikitakis NG, Sauk JJ, Papanicolaou SI. The role of apoptosis in oral disease: mechanisms; aberrations in neoplastic, autoimmune, infectious, hematologic, and developmental diseases; and therapeutic opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 97:476-90. [PMID: 15088032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed form of cell death, which primarily functions to eliminate senescent or altered cells that are useless or harmful for the multicellular organism. Contrary to necrosis, apoptosis represents a physiologic cellular mechanism, normal function and control of which are critical for the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In contrast, aberrations of the apoptotic mechanisms that cause excessive or deficient programmed cell death have been linked to a wide array of pathologic conditions. This review briefly summarizes the major apoptotic pathways and molecules and presents the most important oral diseases that are related to dysregulation of apoptosis. Knowledge of the association between aberrations in apoptotic mechanisms and human pathology hopefully will be implemented for the design of improved diagnostic and prognostic assays and the development of novel, more efficient, therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Costea DE, Loro LL, Dimba EAO, Vintermyr OK, Johannessen AC. Crucial Effects of Fibroblasts and Keratinocyte Growth Factor on Morphogenesis of Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:1479-86. [PMID: 14675199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The connective tissue is known to have a general supportive effect for the development of the overlying epithelium; however, the more specific effects of fibroblasts and the involvement of their product, keratinocyte growth factor, on oral epithelial morphogenesis have not yet been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fibroblasts and keratinocyte growth factor on human oral epithelial morphogenesis in vitro. Reconstituted human oral epithelium was generated from primary human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts by use of an organotypic cell culture model in a defined medium. Addition of fibroblasts to the collagen biomatrix increased total epithelial thickness from 28.0+/-5.0 microm to 66.1+/-8.6 microm (p=0.028), and basal cell proliferation from 3.6+/-0.7% to 16.6+/-1.1% (p=0.025). Presence of fibroblasts profoundly influenced the pattern of epithelial differentiation, and induced a switch in the pattern of cell death, from a predominance of spontaneous cell death in the basal cell layer (from 4.7+/-0.6% to 1.8+/-0.3%, p=0.029) to a more prevalent cell death due to terminal differentiation in the suprabasal cell layer (from 4.0+/- 0.1% to 5.4+/-0.1%, p=0.034). Keratinocyte growth factor promoted epithelial growth, but did not significantly enhance epithelial differentiation, demonstrating that fibroblasts possess additional mechanisms to keratinocyte growth factor synthesis that can modulate differentiation of reconstituted human oral epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Elena Costea
- Department of Odontology-Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|