1
|
Ahmad P, Hussain A, Siqueira WL. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches for salivary protein biomarkers discovery and dental caries diagnosis: A critical review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:826-856. [PMID: 36444686 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from the intricate interplay among acid-generating bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and several host factors such as saliva. Saliva comprises several proteins which could be utilized as biomarkers for caries prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Mass spectrometry-based salivary proteomics approaches, owing to their sensitivity, provide the opportunity to investigate and unveil crucial cariogenic pathogen activity and host indicators and may demonstrate clinically relevant biomarkers to improve caries diagnosis and management. The present review outlines the published literature of human clinical proteomics investigations on caries and extensively elucidates frequently reported salivary proteins as biomarkers. This review also discusses important aspects while designing an experimental proteomics workflow. The protein-protein interactions and the clinical relevance of salivary proteins as biomarkers for caries, together with uninvestigated domains of the discipline are also discussed critically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hirtz C, Mannaa AM, Moulis E, Pible O, O’Flynn R, Armengaud J, Jouffret V, Lemaistre C, Dominici G, Martinez AY, Dunyach-Remy C, Tiers L, Lavigne JP, Tramini P, Goldsmith MC, Lehmann S, Deville de Périère D, Vialaret J. Deciphering Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain Composition in Children Using Metaproteomics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8258-8267. [PMID: 35309464 PMCID: PMC8928488 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the use of a metaproteomic approach to analyze Black Extrinsic Tooth Stains, a specific type of pigmented extrinsic substance. Metaproteomics is a powerful emerging technology that successfully enabled human protein and bacterial identification of this specific dental biofilm using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1600 bacterial proteins were identified in black stain (BS) samples and 2058 proteins in dental plaque (DP) samples, whereas 607 and 582 human proteins were identified in BS and DP samples, respectively. A large diversity of bacteria genera (142) in BS and DP was identified, showing a high prevalence of Rothia, Kingella, Neisseria, and Pseudopropionibacterium in black stain samples. In this work, the high diversity of the dental microbiota and its proteome is highlighted, including significant differences between black stain and dental plaque samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hirtz
- Univ
Montpellier, INM, IRMB, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34070, France
| | - Atef Mahmoud Mannaa
- Higher
Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Borg AlArab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
- INSERM
U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire
& Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Estelle Moulis
- U.F.R.
d’Odontologie, Département de pédodontie, 545, Avenue du Professeur Jean-Louis
Viala, Montpellier Cedex 5 34 193, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- Laboratoire
Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic
(Li2D), Université de Montpellier, Bagnols-sur-Cèze F-30207, France
| | - Robin O’Flynn
- U.F.R.
d’Odontologie, Département de pédodontie, 545, Avenue du Professeur Jean-Louis
Viala, Montpellier Cedex 5 34 193, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire
Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic
(Li2D), Université de Montpellier, Bagnols-sur-Cèze F-30207, France
| | - Virginie Jouffret
- Laboratoire
Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic
(Li2D), Université de Montpellier, Bagnols-sur-Cèze F-30207, France
| | - Camille Lemaistre
- U.F.R.
d’Odontologie, Département de pédodontie, 545, Avenue du Professeur Jean-Louis
Viala, Montpellier Cedex 5 34 193, France
| | - Gabriel Dominici
- U.F.R.
d’Odontologie, Département de pédodontie, 545, Avenue du Professeur Jean-Louis
Viala, Montpellier Cedex 5 34 193, France
| | - Alex Yahiaoui Martinez
- Virulence
Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier,
Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Virulence
Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier,
Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France
| | - Laurent Tiers
- Univ
Montpellier, INM, IRMB, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34070, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Virulence
Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier,
Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France
| | - Paul Tramini
- U.F.R.
d’Odontologie, Département de pédodontie, 545, Avenue du Professeur Jean-Louis
Viala, Montpellier Cedex 5 34 193, France
| | - Marie-christine Goldsmith
- U.F.R.
d’Odontologie, Département de pédodontie, 545, Avenue du Professeur Jean-Louis
Viala, Montpellier Cedex 5 34 193, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Univ
Montpellier, INM, IRMB, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34070, France
| | | | - Jerome Vialaret
- Univ
Montpellier, INM, IRMB, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34070, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang F, Cheng Z, Ding C, Li J. Functional biomedical materials derived from proteins in the acquired salivary pellicle. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6507-6520. [PMID: 34304263 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the oral environment, the acquired salivary pellicle (ASP) on the tooth surface comprises proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The ASP can specifically and rapidly adsorb on the enamel surface to provide effective lubrication, protection, hydration, and remineralisation, as well as be recognised by various bacteria to form a microbial biofilm (plaque). The involved proteins, particularly various phosphoproteins such as statherins, histatins, and proline-rich proteins, are vital to their specific functions. This review first describes the relationship between the biological functions of these proteins and their structures. Subsequently, recent advances in functional biomedical materials derived from these proteins are reviewed in terms of dental/bone therapeutic materials, antibacterial materials, tissue engineering materials, and coatings for medical devices. Finally, perspectives and challenges regarding the rational design and biomedical applications of ASP-derived materials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4892. [PMID: 34063086 PMCID: PMC8124254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time, they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects within the oral cavity. This review provides an overview on the different polyphenols, and their structure and interactions with the tooth surface and the pellicle. In particular, the effects of various tea polyphenols on bioadhesion and erosion have been reviewed. The current research confirms that polyphenols can reduce the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, they can decrease the adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface and improve the erosion-protective properties of the acquired enamel pellicle. Tea polyphenols, especially, have the potential to contribute to an oral health-related diet. However, in vitro studies have mainly been conducted. In situ studies and clinical studies need to be extended and supplemented in order to significantly contribute to additive prevention measures in caries prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakamura K, Hamba H, Miyayoshi Y, Ishizuka H, Muramatsu T. In vitro remineralization of enamel with a solution containing casein and fluoride. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1109-1114. [PMID: 33883330 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of casein in a remineralization solution on enamel remineralization. Bovine blocks were demineralized for 21 days, then, allocated into four groups. The specimens were remineralized for 21 days in the following artificial saliva solutions: 1) 0 µg/mL casein, 0 ppm fluoride (F) (C0-F0); 2) 0 µg/mL casein, 1 ppm F (C0-F1); 3) 10 µg/mL casein, 0 ppm F (C10-F0); and 4) 10 µg/mL casein, 1 ppm F (C10-F1). Micro-CT analyses were performed once a week. Specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The present results suggest that casein by itself inhibits remineralization, whereas the coexistence of casein and F promotes the remineralization of caries bodies by interrupting mineral deposition on the enamel surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yoshihito Miyayoshi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Hisako Ishizuka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fischer NG, Aparicio C. The salivary pellicle on dental biomaterials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111570. [PMID: 33460965 PMCID: PMC8005451 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle, an adlayer formed by adsorption of salivary components on teeth and dental biomaterials, has direct consequences on basic outcomes of dentistry. Here, we provide an overview of salivary pellicle formation processes with a critical focus on dental biomaterials. We describe and critique the array of salivary pellicle measurement techniques. We also discuss factors that may affect salivary pellicle formation and the heterogeneity of the published literature describing salivary pellicle formation on dental biomaterials. Finally, we survey the many effects salivary pellicles have on dental biomaterials and highlight its implications on design criteria for dental biomaterials. Future investigations may lead to rationally designed dental biomaterials to control the salivary pellicle and enhance material function and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020. [PMID: 32575983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM); SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging. This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status. The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017759.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3238-3253. [PMID: 32575983 PMCID: PMC8008451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell
accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A
cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM);
SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional
cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging.
This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome
of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy
controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation
revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls
and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis
and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich
proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as
the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated
with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase
and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status.
The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated
forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher
levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C
patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange
with identifier PXD017759.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boroumand M, Olianas A, Manconi B, Serrao S, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Pieroni L, Faa G, Messana I, Castagnola M, Cabras T. Mapping of Transglutaminase-2 Sites of Human Salivary Small Basic Proline-Rich Proteins by HPLC-High-Resolution ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:300-313. [PMID: 31638822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because of the distinctive features of the oral cavity, the determination of the proteins involved in the formation of the "oral protein pellicle" is demanding. The present study investigated the susceptibility of several human basic proline-rich peptides, named P-H, P-D, P-F, P-J, and II-2, as substrates of transglutaminase-2. The reactivity of the P-C peptide and statherin was also investigated. Peptides purified from human whole saliva were incubated with the enzyme in the presence or in the absence of monodansyl-cadaverine. Mass spectrometry analyses of the reaction products highlighted that P-H and P-D (P32 and A32 variants) were active substrates, II-2 was less reactive, and P-F and P-J showed very low reactivity. P-C and statherin were highly reactive. All of the peptides formed cyclo derivatives, and only specific glutamine residues were involved in the cycle formation and reacted with monodansyl-cadaverine: Q29 of P-H, Q37 of P-D, Q21 of II-2, Q41 of P-C, and Q37 of statherin were the principal reactive residues. One or two secondary glutamine residues of only P-H, P-D P32, P-C, and statherin were hierarchically susceptible to the reaction with monodansyl-cadaverine. MS and MS/MS data were deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride ) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD014658.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma 00168 , Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Roma 00143 , Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare , Rome 00168 , Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica -Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello- IRCCS , Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma 00142 , Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, AOU , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09100 , Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare , Rome 00168 , Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica -Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello- IRCCS , Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma 00142 , Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hertel S, Schulz A, Lang R, Hofmann T, König B, Hannig M, Hannig C. Activity and distribution pattern of enzymes in the in-situ pellicle of children. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:24-32. [PMID: 31158701 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated, for the first time, pellicle enzymes with respect to their activity, distribution and fluorescence pattern in children with different caries experience. DESIGN In-situ pellicles were collected from 41 children (aged 4-6 years) with different caries status; 17 of them were caries-free (dmf = 0), 12 had dental restorations but no current caries (dmf ≥ 2) and 12 had at least two carious lesions (dmf ≥ 2). Bovine enamel samples were fixed on individual upper jaw braces for pellicle formation. After 30 min of intraoral exposure, the pellicle and saliva samples were analysed for the activities of amylase, lysozyme, peroxidase and glucosyltransferase (GTF). The distribution of these enzymes, including GTF-isoforms B, C and D, and the pellicle ultrastructure were examined by gold-immunolabelling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, interactions between pellicle enzymes and adherent bacteria were visualised using combined fluorescence and immunofluorescence labelling. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the pellicle enzyme activities between the study groups. TEM analysis revealed the absence of GTF C and D in the pellicle of caries-active children. Amylase, peroxidase and GTF-isoforms showed a random distribution within the pellicle layer; lysozyme was found in the form of clusters. A similar ultrastructural pattern was observed for all subjects. Fluorescence labelling technique enabled visualisation of all enzymes, except for GTF B. CONCLUSION Pellicle enzyme activities and ultrastructure are not associated with children's caries status. Further investigation is needed to assess the influence of individual GTF-isoforms on caries susceptibility in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Hertel
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Annika Schulz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Belinda König
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. J Dent 2019; 80 Suppl 1:S3-S12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
13
|
Pedersen AML, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH, Ekström J. Salivary secretion in health and disease. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:730-746. [PMID: 29878444 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a complex fluid produced by 3 pairs of major salivary glands and by hundreds of minor salivary glands. It comprises a large variety of constituents and physicochemical properties, which are important for the maintenance of oral health. Saliva not only protects the teeth and the oropharyngeal mucosa, it also facilitates articulation of speech, and is imperative for mastication and swallowing. Furthermore, saliva plays an important role in maintaining a balanced microbiota. Thus, the multiple functions provided by saliva are essential for proper protection and functioning of the body as a whole and for the general health. A large number of diseases and medications can affect salivary secretion through different mechanisms, leading to salivary gland dysfunction and associated oral problems, including xerostomia, dental caries and fungal infections. The first part of this review article provides an updated insight into our understanding of salivary gland structure, the neural regulation of salivary gland secretion, the mechanisms underlying the formation of saliva, the various functions of saliva and factors that influence salivary secretion under normal physiological conditions. The second part focuses on how various diseases and medical treatment including commonly prescribed medications and cancer therapies can affect salivary gland structure and function. We also provide a brief insight into how to diagnose salivary gland dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M L Pedersen
- Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology & Clinical Oral Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C E Sørensen
- Oral Biochemistry, Cariology & Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G B Proctor
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - G H Carpenter
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - J Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pedersen A, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1399-1416. [PMID: 29645367 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Saliva exerts multiple functions in relation to the initial digestive processes taking place in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Ingestion of food and beverages, in turn, is a strong stimulus for secretion of saliva with a differential composition depending on the neuronal stimulation pattern. This review paper provides insight into the mechanisms by which saliva acts in relation to taste, mastication, bolus formation, enzymatic digestion and swallowing. Also, the protective functions of saliva including maintenance of dental and mucosal integrity will be discussed as they indirectly influence the digestive process. The final part of this study focuses on the implications of xerostomia and salivary gland dysfunction on gastrointestinal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aml Pedersen
- Section 1, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology & Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C E Sørensen
- Section of Oral Biochemistry, Cariology & Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G B Proctor
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| | - G H Carpenter
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao-Umezawa E, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Kikuta J, Suzuki K, Kasai K. Relationship between root resorption and individual variation in the calcium/phosphorous ratio of cementum. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:465-470. [PMID: 28962729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individual variation in the hardness and chemical composition of the cementum in the root apex affects the degree of root resorption. METHODS In a previous study, we evaluated the Vickers hardness scale of 50 extracted teeth. For this study, we classified the 50 extracted teeth into soft, moderate, and hard groups according to the Vickers hardness scale. Then, we randomly selected 7 teeth from each group and measured the resorbed areas of the apical cementum in vitro using human osteoclast precursor cells. We also investigated the calcium/phosphorous (Ca/P) and magnesium/calcium ratios of these 21 extracted teeth using energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis studies to determine the chemical composition of the cementum in the root apex. RESULTS In the pit formation assay, the resorbed area in the soft group showed a greater extent than it did in the moderate and hard groups (P < 0.01). A correlation was noted between the Vickers hardness and the resorbed area of the cementum in the root apex (r = -0.714; P < 0.01). The Ca/P ratios in the soft and moderate groups were lower than the ratio in the hard group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). A correlation was noted between the Vickers hardness and the Ca/P ratio of the cementum in the root apex (r = 0.741; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the hardness and Ca/P ratio of the cementum may be involved in root resorption caused by orthodontic forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Yao-Umezawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Correlation of Salivary Statherin and Calcium Levels with Dental Calculus Formation: A Preliminary Study. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:2857629. [PMID: 28572822 PMCID: PMC5442335 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2857629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary constituents have a wide range of functions including oral calcium homeostasis. Salivary proteins such as statherin inhibit crystal growth of calcium phosphate in supersaturated solutions and interact with several oral bacteria to adsorb on hydroxyapatite. Concurrently, saliva, which is supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphates, is the driving force for plaque mineralization and formation of calculus. Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate and correlate salivary statherin and calcium concentration to the dental calculus formation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between salivary statherin, calcium, and dental calculus among 70 subjects, aged 20–55 years. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the calculus scores as interpreted by Calculus Index which was followed by collection of whole saliva using Super•SAL™. Salivary calcium levels were assessed by calorimetric method using Calcium Assay kit (Cayman Chemical, Michigan, USA) and statherin levels by using ELISA Kit (Cusabio Biotech). Results Statherin levels showed a weak negative correlation with the calcium levels and with calculus formation. The mean salivary statherin and calcium concentration were found to be 0.96 μg/ml and 3.87 mg/ml, respectively. Salivary statherin levels differed significantly among the three groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary data indicates that statherin could possibly play a role in the formation of dental calculus.
Collapse
|
17
|
Demirhan H, Yıldız M, Çelebi ÖÖ, Baz Ş, İnal BB, Yiğit Ö. The Role of Fetuin-A and Electrolytes in the Etiology of Sialolithiasis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:840-843. [PMID: 28457217 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817697045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate serum and saliva fetuin-A, protein, and electrolyte levels in patients with sialolithiasis. Study Design Prospective randomized controlled study. Setting Tertiary center. Subjects and Methods Twenty patients with recurrent sialadenitis secondary to submandibular salivary gland stones and 20 asymptomatic healthy volunteers without salivary gland stones were included in the study. Bimanual palpation and ultrasonography were performed in the patient and control groups. The electrolyte, protein, and fetuin-A levels of the serum and saliva were measured. Results The serum calcium, phosphorus, and potassium levels of the patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (respectively, P = .04, P = .01, P = .04). There was no statistically significant difference between the serum fetuin-A levels of the 2 groups ( P = .06). The saliva phosphorus values of the patients were higher than those of the control group ( P = .05), as were their saliva fetuin-A and total protein values ( P = .001, P = .01). A positive correlation was determined between the saliva fetuin-A levels and the saliva phosphorus and potassium levels of the patients ( P = .04, P = .02). The magnesium level, which has been argued to be a factor in the prevention of calcification, showed an increased correlation with the total protein in the patient group ( P = .02). Conclusion It is possible that the high levels of saliva fetuin-A, total protein, and phosphorus with insufficient of saliva magnesium levels may make a contribution to the formation of sialoliths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Demirhan
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Yıldız
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Önerci Çelebi
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şehide Baz
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrin Berçik İnal
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ekström J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the Control of Its Secretion. Dysphagia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Li J, Helmerhorst EJ, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG. Identification of in vivo Pellicle Constituents by Analysis of Serum Immune Responses. J Dent Res 2016; 83:60-4. [PMID: 14691115 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human acquired enamel pellicle is composed of molecules that selectively adsorb from saliva onto tooth surfaces and provides a protective interface between the tooth enamel and the oral environment. To identify the micro-amounts of components present in pellicle, we immunized mice with in vivo-formed human acquired enamel pellicle and analyzed the serum immune responses. Selective reactivities of the serum (OD > 1.0 above background) against albumin, amylase, carbonic anhydrase II, sIgA, IgG, IgM, lactoferrin, lysozyme, proline-rich proteins, statherin, histatin 1, and mucous glycoprotein 1 were observed. We further confirmed the presence of proline-rich proteins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and carbonic anhydrase II by probing in vivo pellicle with specific polyclonal anti-sera. The polyclonal antibody approach provided a powerful method for the identification of various pellicle proteins, including some which show mineral homeostasis or antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Proctor GB, Pramanik R, Carpenter GH, Rees GD. Salivary Proteins Interact with Dietary Constituents to Modulate Tooth Staining. J Dent Res 2016; 84:73-8. [PMID: 15615880 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary components rich in polyphenols—for example, tea and red wine—are thought to cause tooth staining. In the present study, hydroxyapatite was used as a model of enamel for study of the influence of salivary proteins on the binding of different polyphenols to hydroxyapatite in vitro. Neither salivary protein pellicles nor salivary proteins in solution significantly altered the binding of the small polyphenol epigallocatechin to hydroxyapatite. However, hydroxyapatite binding of anthocyanin, a small grape-skin-derived polyphenol, or the larger polyphenols of black tea was increased by the presence of salivary proteins, either as a pellicle or in solution. Proline-rich proteins were enriched from parotid saliva and found to increase binding of anthocyanin and black tea polyphenols to hydroxyapatite, while enriched histatins did not increase binding. It is concluded that some salivary proteins, including proline-rich protein, can mediate increased staining of enamel by red-wine- and black-tea-derived polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G B Proctor
- Salivary Research Unit, King's College London, Floor 17, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romero MJRH, Nakashima S, Nikaido T, Ichinose S, Sadr A, Tagami J. Inhibition of hydroxyapatite growth by casein, a potential salivary phosphoprotein homologue. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:288-96. [PMID: 26083784 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salivary phosphoproteins are essential in tooth mineral regulation but are often overlooked in vitro. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of casein, as a salivary phosphoprotein homologue, on the deposition and growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) on tooth surfaces. Hydroxyapatite growth was quantified using seeded crystal systems. Artificial saliva (AS) containing HA powder and 0, 10, 20, 50, or 100 μg ml(-1) of casein, or 100 μg ml(-1) of dephosphorylated casein (Dcasein), was incubated for 0-8 h at 37°C, pH 7.2. Calcium concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Surface precipitation of HA on bovine enamel and dentine blocks, incubated in similar conditions for 7 d, was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Casein adsorption was assessed using modified Lowry assays and zeta-potential measurements. The AAS results revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition of calcium consumption. Hydroxyapatite precipitation occurred when no casein was present, whereas precipitation of HA was apparently completely inhibited in casein-containing groups. Adsorption data demonstrated increasingly negative zeta-potential with increased casein concentration and an affinity constant similar to proline-rich proteins with Langmuir modelling. Casein inhibited the deposition and growth of HA primarily through the binding of esterized phosphate to HA active sites, indicating its potential as a mineral-regulating salivary phosphoprotein homologue in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J R H Romero
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syozi Nakashima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alireza Sadr
- International Exchange Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gibbins HL, Yakubov GE, Proctor GB, Wilson S, Carpenter GH. What interactions drive the salivary mucosal pellicle formation? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 120:184-92. [PMID: 24921197 PMCID: PMC4097378 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bound salivary pellicle is essential for protection of both the enamel and mucosa in the oral cavity. The enamel pellicle formation is well characterised, however the mucosal pellicle proteins have only recently been clarified and what drives their formation is still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the salivary pellicle on particles with different surface properties (hydrophobic or hydrophilic with a positive or negative charge), to determine a suitable model to mimic the mucosal pellicle. A secondary aim was to use the model to test how transglutaminase may alter pellicle formation. Particles were incubated with resting whole mouth saliva, parotid saliva and submandibular/sublingual saliva. Following incubation and two PBS and water washes bound salivary proteins were eluted with two concentrations of SDS, which were later analysed using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Experiments were repeated with purified transglutaminase to determine how this epithelial-derived enzyme may alter the bound pellicle. Protein pellicles varied according to the starting salivary composition and the particle chemistry. Amylase, the single most abundant protein in saliva, did not bind to any particle indicating specific protein binding. Most proteins bound through hydrophobic interactions and a few according to their charges. The hydrophobic surface most closely matched the known salivary mucosal pellicle by containing mucins, cystatin and statherin but an absence of amylase and proline-rich proteins. This surface was further used to examine the effect of added transglutaminase. At the concentrations used only statherin showed any evidence of crosslinking with itself or another saliva protein. In conclusion, the formation of the salivary mucosal pellicle is probably mediated, at least in part, by hydrophobic interactions to the epithelial cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Gibbins
- Salivary Research Unit, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Gleb E Yakubov
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Gordon B Proctor
- Salivary Research Unit, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Stephen Wilson
- Unilever R&D Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK.
| | - Guy H Carpenter
- Salivary Research Unit, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Proteomic evaluation of acquired enamel pellicle during in vivo formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67919. [PMID: 23844127 PMCID: PMC3700865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a protein film that forms on the enamel surface of teeth by selective adsorption of proteins and peptides present in the mouth. This protein film forms the interface between enamel and the damage oral biofilm, which modulates the attachment of bacteria found in oral biofilm. The overall goal of this study was to gain insight into the biological formation of the human in vivo AEP. This study hypothesized that AEP is created by the formation of successive protein layers, which consist of initial binding to enamel and subsequent protein-protein interactions. This hypothesis was examined by observing quantitative and qualitative changes in pellicle composition during the first two hours of AEP formation in the oral cavity. Quantitative mass spectrometry approaches were used to generate an AEP protein profile for each time-point studied. Relative proteomic quantification was carried out for the 50 proteins observed in all four time-points. Notably, the abundance of important salivary proteins, such as histatin 1, decrease with increasing of the AEP formation, while other essential proteins such as statherin showed constant relative abundance in all time-points. In summary, this is the first study that investigates the dynamic process to the AEP formation by using proteomic approaches. Our data demonstrated that there are significant qualitative and quantitative proteome changes during the AEP formation, which in turn will likely impact the development of oral biofilms.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mazzeo MA, Linares JA, López MM, Bachmeier E, Wietz FM, Galván V, Valentinuzzi MC, Riveros JA, Finkelberg A. Analysis of saliva samples from oncological patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive system. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:788-92. [PMID: 23647127 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a chemical and morphological analysis of samples of saliva taken from patients who were under treatment with intravenous chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium. Samples of saliva were extracted from fifteen patients during the three stages of the treatment: The initial stage (previous to the chemotherapy), the intermediate stage (during the chemotherapy), and the final stage (twenty-one days after finishing the treatment). An amount of 50 μl was collected in each visit. Chemical contrast images were taken by means of scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray characteristic spectra were obtained from all the studied samples by using an energy dispersive system from all the studied samples. Images that correspond to the intermediate stage showed important differences with respect to the initial and final stages. In addition, X-ray spectra provided information about the present elements in saliva and their relative abundance allowed us to determine variations in the chemical composition. The backscattered electron images and X-ray spectra from the intermediate stage showed clusters of crystals with fluorine content higher than those obtained in initial and final stages. This fact probably indicates the passage of metabolites of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium from the plasma to the oral cavity. This finding enhances the hypothesis proposed by other authors about the secondary effects of the drugs on the stomatognathic system such as oral mucositis, dysgeusia, and xerostomia with or without hyposalivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Adrián Mazzeo
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Masson N, Domingues RR, Cury JA, Paes Leme AF. Acidulated phosphate fluoride application changes the protein composition of human acquired enamel pellicle. Caries Res 2013; 47:251-8. [PMID: 23343843 DOI: 10.1159/000346280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated, by proteomic analysis, whether the chemical changes provoked on enamel by acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application alter the protein composition of acquired enamel pellicle. Enamel slabs, pretreated with distilled water (negative control), phosphoric acid (active control) or APF solution, were immersed in human saliva for pellicle formation. The adsorbed proteins were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Fifty-six proteins were identified, 12 exclusive to APF and 11 to phosphoric acid. APF decreased the concentration of histatin-1, but increased the concentration of S100-A9, which is confirmed by immunoblotting. The findings suggest that APF application changes the acquired enamel pellicle composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Masson
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Siqueira W, Custodio W, McDonald E. New Insights into the Composition and Functions of the Acquired Enamel Pellicle. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1110-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512462578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a thin acellular film that forms on tooth surfaces upon exposure to the oral environment. It consists predominantly of salivary proteins, but also includes non-salivary-derived proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Since it is the interface between teeth and the oral environment, the AEP plays a key role in the maintenance of oral health by regulating processes including lubrication, demineralization, and remineralization and shaping the composition of early microbial flora adhering to tooth surfaces. Knowledge of the 3D structure of the AEP and how that correlates with its protective functions may provide insight into several oral pathological states, including caries, erosion, and periodontal disease. This review intends to update readers about the latest discoveries related to the formation, ultrastructure, composition, and functions of the AEP, as well as the future of pellicle research, with particular emphasis on the emerging role of proteomic and microscopy techniques in oral diagnosis and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W.L. Siqueira
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - W. Custodio
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - E.E. McDonald
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hannig C, Wagenschwanz C, Pötschke S, Kümmerer K, Kensche A, Hoth-Hannig W, Hannig M. Effect of Safflower Oil on the Protective Properties of the in situ Formed Salivary Pellicle. Caries Res 2012; 46:496-506. [DOI: 10.1159/000339924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
28
|
Castagnola M, Cabras T, Vitali A, Sanna MT, Messana I. Biotechnological implications of the salivary proteome. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:409-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Hara AT, Zero DT. The caries environment: saliva, pellicle, diet, and hard tissue ultrastructure. Dent Clin North Am 2010; 54:455-67. [PMID: 20630189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the dental biofilm is modified by salivary and dietary factors, as well as by the characteristics of the tooth structure. The composition of the acquired pellicle can modify the mineral homeostasis of the tooth surfaces and the attachment of bacteria for the development of the biofilm. The substitution of sucrose from the diet by other less cariogenic sugars and/or sugar substitutes can contribute to reducing the pathogenicity of the biofilm. Saliva clears, dilutes, neutralizes, and buffers acids produced by the biofilm. In addition, saliva provides the biofilm/tooth structure with Ca(2+) PO(4)(3-) and F(-) ions, which can positively affect the equilibrium between demineralization-remineralization toward the remineralization and modify the susceptibility of the tooth structure to caries progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson T Hara
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ndao M, Ash JT, Stayton PS, Drobny GP. The Role of Basic Amino Acids in the Molecular Recognition of Hydroxyapatite by Statherin using Solid State NMR. SURFACE SCIENCE 2010; 604:L39-L42. [PMID: 20676391 PMCID: PMC2910444 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organisms use proteins such as statherin to control the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is the principal component of teeth and bone. Though much emphasis has been placed on the acidic character of these proteins, the role of their basic amino acids is not well understood. In this work, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to probe the interaction of the basic arginine side chains with the HAP surface. Statherin samples were individually labeled at each arginine site, and the distance to the surface was measured using the Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR) technique. The results indicate a strong coupling between the R9 and R10 residues and the phosphorus atoms on the surface, with internuclear distances of 4.62 ± 0.29 Å and 4.53 ± 0.16 Å, respectively. Conversely, results also indicate weak coupling between R13 and the surface, suggesting this residue is more removed from the surface than R9 and R10. Combining these results with previous data, a new model for the molecular recognition of HAP by statherin is constructed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moise Ndao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jason T. Ash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Gary P. Drobny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Potential biomarkers of human salivary function: a modified proteomic approach. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54:91-100. [PMID: 18804197 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In previous studies, we defined groups of subjects with opposite salivary function. Group membership was associated with clinically relevant outcomes. High aggregation-adherence (HAA) groups showed lower levels of caries, supragingival plaque, total streptococci, and Tannerella forsythensis than low high aggregation-adherence (LAA) groups. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to search for biomarkers which could be useful as risk indicators for those outcomes. DESIGN Clarified resting whole saliva from each of 41 HAA and LAA subjects was separated by preparative isoelectric focusing. Fractions showing the most distinctive protein profiles were pooled into four sets (pI 3-3.5, pI 4-4.7, pI 5.7-7.7, pI 10-11.5). Each pool then was compared by SDS-PAGE. Image analysis software was used to quantify matched bands. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) was used to determine which of the 65 bands from all four pools were the best predictors of group membership, caries, total plaque, total streptococci, and T. forsythensis counts. Those bands were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS-MS). RESULTS Two bands consistently were strong predictors in separate PLS analyses of each outcome variable. In follow-up univariate analyses, those bands showed the strongest significant differences between the HAA and LAA groups. They also showed significant inverse correlations with caries and all the microbiological variables. MSMS identified those bands as statherin, and a truncated cystatin S missing the first eight N-terminal amino acids. CONCLUSIONS Levels of statherin and truncated cystatin S may be potential risk indicators for the development of caries and other oral diseases.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vitorino R, Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Duarte JA, Domingues PM, Amado FML. Peptide profile of human acquired enamel pellicle using MALDI tandem MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:523-37. [PMID: 18266264 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study proposes a strategy for human in vivo acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) peptidome characterisation based on sequential extraction with guanidine and TFA followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. Three different nanoscale analytical approaches were used: samples were subjected to tryptic digestion followed by nano-HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS) analysis. Undigested samples were analysed by LC-MS (both linear and reflector modes) and LC-MS/MS analysis, and samples were subjected to nano-HPLC followed by on-plate digestion and mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS) analysis. The majority of the identifications corresponded to peptide/protein fragments of salivary protein, belonging to the classes: acidic PRPs, basic PRPs, statherin, cystatins S and SN and histatin 1 (all also identified in intact form). Overall, more than 90 peptides/proteins were identified. Results clearly show that peptides with acidic groups are enriched in the TFA fraction while peptides with no acidic or phosphate groups are prevalent on the guanidine extract. Also, phosphorylated peptides were observed mainly on the TFA fraction. Fragments present in the AEP show a predominance of cleavage points located at Arg, Tyr and Lys residues. Obtained data suggest that proteolytic activity could influence AEP formation and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Isola M, Cabras T, Inzitari R, Lantini MS, Proto E, Cossu M, Riva A. Electron microscopic detection of statherin in secretory granules of human major salivary glands. J Anat 2008; 212:664-8. [PMID: 18397241 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase current knowledge regarding statherin secretion into the oral cavity, ultrastructural localization of this peptide was investigated in human salivary glands by using a post-embedding immunogold staining technique. Statherin reactivity was found inside the granules of serous cells of parotid and submandibular glands. In parotid granules immunostaining was preferentially present in the less electron-dense region, whereas in submandibular serous granules the reactivity was uniform and the dense core always stained. By contrast, none or weak reactivity was observed in serous cells of major sublingual glands. These findings reveal for the first time the subcellular localization of statherin by electron transmission microscopy and confirm that of the three major types of salivary glands, the parotid and submandibular glands are the greatest source of salivary statherin. Moreover, they suggest that more than one packaging mechanism may be involved in the storage of statherin within serous granules of salivary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Isola
- Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Goobes G, Goobes R, Shaw WJ, Gibson JM, Long JR, Raghunathan V, Schueler-Furman O, Popham JM, Baker D, Campbell CT, Stayton PS, Drobny GP. The structure, dynamics, and energetics of protein adsorption-lessons learned from adsorption of statherin to hydroxyapatite. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45 Suppl 1:S32-S47. [PMID: 18172904 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are found to be involved in interaction with solid surfaces in numerous natural events. Acidic proteins that adsorb to crystal faces of a biomineral to control the growth and morphology of hard tissue are only one example. Deducing the mechanisms of surface recognition exercised by proteins has implications to osteogenesis, pathological calcification and other proteins functions at their adsorbed state. Statherin is an enamel pellicle protein that inhibits hydroxyapatite nucleation and growth, lubricates the enamel surface, and is recognized by oral bacteria in periodontal diseases. Here, we highlight some of the insights we obtained recently using both thermodynamic and solid state NMR measurements to the adsorption process of statherin to hydroxyapatite. We combine macroscopic energy characterization with microscopic structural findings to present our views of protein adsorption mechanisms and the structural changes accompanying it and discuss the implications of these studies to understanding the functions of the protein adsorbed to the enamel surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Goobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Goobes G, Stayton PS, Drobny GP. Solid State NMR Studies of Molecular Recognition at Protein-Mineral Interfaces. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 50:71-85. [PMID: 19768124 PMCID: PMC2746069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Goobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle WA 98195, USA, , Tel: 1 (206) 543 7760, Fax: 1 (206) 685 8665
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle WA 98195, USA, , Tel: 1 (206) 685 8148, Fax: 1 (206) 685 8256
| | - Gary P. Drobny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle WA 98195, USA, , Tel: 1 (206) 685 2052, Fax: 1 (206) 685 8665
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hannig C, Becker K, Häusler N, Hoth-Hannig W, Attin T, Hannig M. Protective effect of the in situ pellicle on dentin erosion–an ex vivo pilot study. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:444-9. [PMID: 17126806 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The acquired pellicle is well known as an anti-erosive proteinaceous layer on enamel, but its protective properties on dentin have not been investigated in detail until now. The aim of the present ex vivo study was to evaluate the erosive effects on pellicle coated dentin. METHODS Bovine dentin slabs were exposed to the oral cavity of one subject for 120 min for in situ pellicle formation. Subsequently, the slabs were incubated with HCl (pH 2.3) in vitro for 5 min and erosive calcium-release was measured photometrically. In addition, the acid treated specimens were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pellicle free samples served as controls. RESULTS Calcium erosion from the pellicle coated dentin slabs amounted to 23.5+/-2.9 microg Ca/min (pellicle free samples: 32.2+/-4.2 microg Ca/min). The difference was statistically significant (p < or = 0.05). In pellicle coated as well as in uncoated dentin samples, TEM-evaluation showed a demineralised dentinal surface layer which thickness ranged between 3 and 6 microm. The pellicle itself was partially dissolved but not removed by hydrochloric acid treatment. CONCLUSION The protective properties of the acquired pellicle against an erosive challenge of the dentinal surface are limited. The dentinal pellicle functions like an ion permeable network rather than a barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hannig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cárdenas M, Elofsson U, Lindh L. Salivary Mucin MUC5B Could Be an Important Component of in Vitro Pellicles of Human Saliva: An in Situ Ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:1149-56. [PMID: 17326682 DOI: 10.1021/bm061055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a combined investigation of the salivary and MUC5B films structure and topography in conditions similar to those found in the oral cavity in terms of ionic strength, pH, and protein concentration. AFM and ellipsometry were successfully used to give a detailed picture of the film structure and topography both on hydrophilic and on hydrophobic substrata. Regardless of the substrata, the salivary film can be described as having a two sublayer structure in which an inner dense layer is decorated by large aggregates. However, the shape and height of these larger aggregates largely depend on the type of substrata used. Additionally, we show that the adsorption of MUC5B is controlled by the type of substrata and the MUC5B film topography is similar to that of the larger aggregates present in the salivary films, especially on hydrophobic substrates. Therefore, we conclude that MUC5B is a major component in the salivary film when formed on hydrophobic substrates. Furthermore, we studied how resistant the salivary and MUC5B films are against elutability by buffer rinsing and addition of SDS solution. We conclude that the adsorbed proteins contain fractions with varying binding strengths to the two types of surfaces. Specifically, we have shown that the large MUC5B biomacromolecules on the hydrophobic substrates are especially resistant to both elution with buffer solution and SDS. Therefore, these large mucins can be responsible for the increased resistance of HWS films on hydrophobic substrates and can protect the intraoral surfaces against surface-active components present in oral health care products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marité Cárdenas
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vitorino R, Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Williams J, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Tomer KB, Duarte JA, Domingues PM, Amado FML. Peptidomic analysis of human acquired enamel pellicle. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:1107-17. [PMID: 17516463 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human acquired enamel pellicle is the result of a selective interaction of salivary proteins and peptides with the tooth surface. In the present work, the characterization of the peptides as well as the type of interactions established with the enamel surface was performed. Peptides from in vivo bovine enamel implants in the human oral cavity were sequentially extracted using guanidine and trifluoroacetic acid solutions and the fractions obtained were analysed by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Based on the LC-MS data, six phosphorylated peptides were identified in an intact form, strongly adsorbed to the enamel surface. Data from the LC-MS/MS analyses allowed us to identified 30 fragment peptides non-covalently bonded to enamel [basic proline-rich proteins, histatins (1 and 3) and acidic proline-rich protein classes]. The tandem mass spectrometry experiments showed the existence of a pattern of amide bond cleavage for the different identified peptide classes suggesting a selective proteolytic activity. For histatins, a predominance of cleavage at Arg, Lys and His residues was observed, while for basic proline-rich proteins, cleavage at Arg and Pro residues prevailed. In the case of acidic proline-rich proteins, a clearly predominance of cleavage of the Gln-Gly amide bond was evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goobes G, Goobes R, Schueler-Furman O, Baker D, Stayton PS, Drobny GP. Folding of the C-terminal bacterial binding domain in statherin upon adsorption onto hydroxyapatite crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:16083-8. [PMID: 17060618 PMCID: PMC1637540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607193103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statherin is an enamel pellicle protein that inhibits hydroxyapatite (HAP) nucleation and growth, lubricates the enamel surface, and is recognized by oral bacteria in periodontal diseases. We report here from solid-state NMR measurements that the protein's C-terminal region folds into an alpha-helix upon adsorption to HAP crystals. This region contains the binding sites for bacterial fimbriae that mediate bacterial cell adhesion to the surface of the tooth. The helical segment is shown through long-range distance measurements to fold back onto the intermediate region (residues Y16-P28) defining the global fold of the protein. Statherin, previously shown to be unstructured in solution, undergoes conformation selection on its substrate mineral surface. This surface-induced folding of statherin can be related to its functionality in inhibiting HAP crystal growth and can explain how oral pathogens selectively recognize HAP-bound statherin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Baker
- Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Gary P. Drobny
- Departments of Chemistry
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Leme AP, Koo H, Bellato C, Bedi G, Cury J. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation--new insight. J Dent Res 2006; 85:878-87. [PMID: 16998125 PMCID: PMC2257872 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608501002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease, and fermentable dietary carbohydrates are the key environmental factors involved in its initiation and development. However, among the carbohydrates, sucrose is considered the most cariogenic, because, in addition to being fermented by oral bacteria, it is a substrate for the synthesis of extracellular (EPS) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharides. Therefore, while the low pH environment triggers the shift of the resident plaque microflora to a more cariogenic one, EPS promote changes in the composition of the biofilms' matrix. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the biofilm formed in the presence of sucrose presents low concentrations of Ca, P(i), and F, which are critical ions involved in de- and remineralization of enamel and dentin in the oral environment. Thus, the aim of this review is to explore the broad role of sucrose in the cariogenicity of biofilms, and to present a new insight into its influence on the pathogenesis of dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.F. Paes Leme
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, CEP 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - H. Koo
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C.M. Bellato
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo-CENA/USP
| | - G. Bedi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J.A. Cury
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, CEP 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Svendsen IE, Lindh L, Arnebrant T. Adsorption behaviour and surfactant elution of cationic salivary proteins at solid/liquid interfaces, studied by in situ ellipsometry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 53:157-66. [PMID: 17029761 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of the cationic salivary proteins lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and histatin 5 to pure (hydrophilic) and methylated (hydrophobized) silica surfaces was investigated by in situ ellipsometry. Effects of concentration (</=10 microgml(-1), for lysozyme </=200 microgml(-1)) and dependence of surface wettability, as well as adsorption kinetics and elutability of adsorbed films by buffer and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solutions were investigated. Results showed that the amounts adsorbed decreased in the order lactoferrin>/=lactoperoxidase>lysozyme>/=histatin 5. On hydrophilic silica, the adsorption was most likely driven by electrostatic interactions, which resulted in adsorbed amounts of lactoferrin that indicated the formation of a monolayer with both side-on and end-on adsorbed molecules. For lactoperoxidase the adsorbed amounts were somewhat higher than an end-on monolayer, lysozyme adsorption showed amounts corresponding to a side-on monolayer, and histatin 5 displayed adsorbed amounts in the range of a side-on monolayer. On hydrophobized substrata, the adsorption was also mediated by hydrophobic interactions, which resulted in lower adsorbed amounts of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase; closer to side-on monolayer coverage. For both lysozyme and histatin 5 the adsorbed amounts were the same as on the hydrophilic silica. The investigated proteins exhibited fast adsorption kinetics, and the initial kinetics indicated mass transport controlled behaviour at low concentrations on both types of substrates. Buffer rinsing and SDS elution indicated that the proteins in general were more tightly bound to the hydrophobized surface compared to hydrophilic silica. Overall, the surface activity of the investigated proteins implicates their importance in the salivary film formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Svendsen
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vitorino R, de Morais Guedes S, Ferreira R, Lobo MJC, Duarte J, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Tomer KB, Domingues PM, Amado FML. Two-dimensional electrophoresis study of in vitro pellicle formation and dental caries susceptibility. Eur J Oral Sci 2006; 114:147-53. [PMID: 16630307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a proteomic approach was applied to evaluate the influence of salivary protein composition on in vitro dental pellicle formation and its possible correlation with dental caries. Whole saliva, collected from caries-free and caries-susceptible subjects, was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Data analysis of salivary protein composition showed a statistically significant correlation between the quantity of acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs), lipocalin, cystatin SN and cystatin S, and samples from the caries-free group of subjects [decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) = 0]. Samples from subjects with a high DMFT index appear to be correlated with high levels of amylase, immunoglobulin A, and lactoferrin. In vitro pellicle-composition experiments showed the same correlations found for whole saliva. As cystatins are known physiological inhibitors of cathepsins, the higher quantities of lipocalin, and cystatins S and SN found in the samples from the caries-free subjects suggest that inhibition of proteolytic events on other salivary proteins may indirectly provide tooth protection. The correlation between higher levels of the phosphorylated acidic PRPs 1/2 with samples from the caries-free group also suggests a protective role for these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dodds MWJ, Johnson DA, Yeh CK. Health benefits of saliva: a review. J Dent 2004; 33:223-33. [PMID: 15725522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to present a review of the literature on human saliva composition, flow rates and some of the health benefits of saliva, with emphasis on studies from our laboratory that have looked at effects of age and age-related diseases on saliva output and composition. DATA Saliva influences oral health both through its non-specific physico-chemical properties, as well as through more specific effects. The proline-rich proteins, statherin and the histatins are salivary proteins that influence calcium phosphate chemistry, initial plaque formation and candida infection. Increases or decreases in mastication may affect saliva output. Our cross-sectional studies of saliva in a large population-based study cohort (N=1130) indicate that there is an age-related decline in saliva output for unstimulated whole, stimulated parotid, unstimulated submandibular/sublingual and stimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva, as well as some compositional alterations in anti-microbial and other proteins. Some of these alterations also appear to be specific for certain age-related medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS These studies and data presented confirm the importance of saliva in maintaining a healthy oral environment; the practitioner is encouraged to consider saliva output and medical conditions that may compromise it as part of routine dental treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W J Dodds
- Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, 3535 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60609, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Deimling D, Breschi L, Hoth-Hannig W, Ruggeri A, Hannig C, Nekrashevych Y, Prati C, Hannig M. Electron microscopic detection of salivary alpha-amylase in the pellicle formed in situ. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112:503-9. [PMID: 15560833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and biochemical analyses have shown that alpha-amylase is an essential component of the acquired pellicle. After adsorption, this enzyme might act as a receptor for bacterial adherence. However, data indicating that amylase is bound to the pellicle surface in vivo and thus available for adhering bacteria are rare. Therefore, the present study focused on alpha-amylase within the pellicle formed in situ, using gold-immunolabeling electron microscopic techniques. Pellicles were formed by intra-oral exposure of enamel specimens for 30 and 120 min in six subjects. The results obtained by transmission electron microscopy indicate that amylase was randomly distributed in the pellicle layer without any preferential localization within the pellicle. Thus, salivary alpha-amylase might be considered as an important structural component that is even involved in the early stages of pellicle formation. The findings of field emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy provided evidence that the enzyme is located on the pellicle surface. It could be concluded that alpha-amylase might act as a receptor for bacterial adherence to the pellicle in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Deimling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Joiner A, Muller D, Elofsson UM, Arnebrant T. Ellipsometry analysis of the in vitro adsorption of tea polyphenols onto salivary pellicles. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112:510-5. [PMID: 15560834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of components from black tea and of purified tea polyphenols onto a whole unstimulated salivary pellicle-like protein layer, formed in vitro on hydroxyapatite discs, was studied by in situ ellipsometry. It was found that components from black tea and the purified polyphenols epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin readily adsorbed onto the pellicle. Further investigations showed that under the experimental conditions of this study, no black tea- or purified polyphenol-modified pellicles were eluted by either phosphate buffer or sodium dodecyl sulphate rinses. Therefore, black tea and its polyphenol components are indicated to have a profound effect on in vitro pellicle modification. Similar effects were observed for tannic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shellis RP, Addy M, Rees GD. In vitro studies on the effect of sodium tripolyphosphate on the interactions of stain and salivary protein with hydroxyapatite. J Dent 2004; 33:313-24. [PMID: 15781139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study properties of sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) relevant to inhibition or removal of dental stain in vitro. METHODS The effects of STP and other phosphates on adsorption of a dietary chromogen (black tea polyphenol) and salivary protein to hydroxyapatite (HA) powder were studied by analysing loss of protein or tea stain from solutions mixed with HA or HA pre-treated with the test agents. The effects on desorption of protein and stain from HA were studied by analysis of water or solutions of test agents mixed with HA or HA pre-treated with saliva or tea solution. RESULTS At concentrations and pH representative of those likely to occur in the mouth, STP inhibited adsorption of salivary protein and black tea polyphenol to, and desorbed these substances from, HA surfaces. Adsorption and desorption of protein and stain were not influenced by pH of the STP solutions but adsorption varied with concentration. STP showed equivalent effectiveness with respect to salivary protein adsorption and desorption as a longer-chain condensed phosphate. The inhibitory activity of HA-bound STP on adsorption of salivary protein and stain resisted extensive washing. CONCLUSIONS STP is likely to be an effective agent for inhibiting and removing dental stain, whether bound directly to mineralised surfaces or indirectly via salivary pellicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Shellis
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vitorino R, Lobo MJC, Duarte J, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Tomer KB, Dubin JR, Domingues PM, Amado FML. In vitro hydroxyapatite adsorbed salivary proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 320:342-6. [PMID: 15219832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the present knowledge about saliva components and their respective functions, the mechanism(s) of pellicle and dental plaque formation have hitherto remained obscure. This has prompted recent efforts on in vitro studies using hydroxyapatite (HA) as an enamel model. In the present study salivary proteins adsorbed to HA were extracted with TFA and EDTA and resolved by 2D electrophoresis over a pH range between 3 and 10, digested, and then analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Nineteen different proteins were identified using automated MS and MS/MS data acquisition. Among them, cystatins, amylase, carbonic anhydrase, and calgranulin B, were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|