1
|
de Souza CAP, Nishino FA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Pineal Microdialysis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:63-74. [PMID: 36180678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pineal microdialysis is characterized by the real-time monitoring of melatonin, neurotransmitters, metabolites, and other compounds released by the pineal gland throughout 24 h. It is a technique with great advantages that allows in vivo study of the ongoing pineal gland metabolism. In this chapter, we describe the entire process of pineal microdialysis that includes probe manufacturing, surgical procedure for its implantation, and the sample collection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Akane Nishino
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arellanes-Licea EDC, Pérez-Mendoza M, Carmona-Castro A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Miranda-Anaya M. Obese Neotomodon alstoni mice exhibit sexual dimorphism in the daily profile of circulating melatonin and clock proteins PER1 and BMAL1 in the hypothalamus and peripheral oscillators. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:584-597. [PMID: 33393371 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1860999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health threat and a risk factor for several metabolic conditions. Though circadian dysfunction has been considered among the multiple causes of obesity, little work has been done to explore the relationship between obesity, circadian dysfunction, and sexual dimorphism. The Neotomodon alstoni mouse is a suitable model for such research. This study employed N. alstoni mice in a chronobiological analysis to determine whether there is circadian desynchronization of relative PER1 and BMAL1 protein levels in the hypothalamus, liver, visceral white adipose tissue, kidney, and heart. It also compared differences between sexes and lean and obese N. alstoni adult mice, by recording behavior and daily circulating serum melatonin as markers of circadian output. We found that obese mice display reduced locomotor activity. Additionally, Cosinor analyses of the relative expression of PER1 and BMAL1 show differences between lean and obese mice in a sex-linked manner. The PER1 24 h rhythm was absent in all tissues of obese males and significant in the tissues of obese females. The BMAL1 24 h rhythm also was significant in most of the tissues tested in lean males, whereas it was significant and shifted the acrophase (peak time of rhythm) in most of the tissues in obese females. Both lean male and female mice showed a rhythmic 24 h pattern of circulating serum melatonin. This daily profile was not only absent in obese mice of both sexes but showed sexual dimorphism. Obese male mice showed lower circulating levels of melatonin compared to lean male mice, but they were higher in obese females compared to lean females. Our results suggest that obesity in N. alstoni is associated with an internal circadian desynchronization in a sex-dependent manner. Overall, this study reinforces the need for further research on the neuroendocrinology of obesity and circadian rhythms using this biological model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Del Carmen Arellanes-Licea
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Moisés Pérez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Agustín Carmona-Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu W, Tang J, Zhang Z, Tang Q, Yan Y, Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q, Guo X, Jin M, Zhang Y, Di R, Chu M. Polymorphisms in the ASMT and ADAMTS1 gene may increase litter size in goats. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:775-787. [PMID: 32529744 PMCID: PMC7738733 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolificacy of most local goat breeds in China is low. Jining Grey goat is one of the most prolific goat breeds in China, it is an important goat breed for the rural economy. ASMT (acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase) and ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) are essential for animal reproduction. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ASMT and ADAMTS1 genes in the highly prolific breed (Jining Grey goats), medium prolific breed (Boer goats and Guizhou White goats) and low prolific breeds (Angora goats, Liaoning Cashmere goats and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats) were detected by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Two SNPs (g.158122T>C, g.158700G>A) of ASMT gene and two SNPs (g.7979798A>G, g.7979477C>T) of ADAMTS1 gene were identified. For g.158122T>C of ASMT gene, further analysis revealed that genotype TC or CC had 0.66 (p < 0.05) or 0.75 (p < 0.05) kids more than those with genotype TT in Jining Grey goats. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in litter size between TC and CC genotypes. The SNP (g.158122T>C) caused a p.Tyr298His change and this SNP mutation resulted in changes in protein binding sites and macromolecule‐binding sites. The improvement in reproductive performance may be due to changes in the structure of ASMT protein. For g.7979477C>T of ADAMTS1 gene, Jining Grey does with genotype CT or TT had 0.82 (p < 0.05) or 0.86 (p < 0.05) more kids than those with genotype CC. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in litter size between CT or TT genotypes. These results preliminarily indicated that C allele (g.158122T>C) of ASMT gene and T allele (g.7979477C>T) of ADAMTS1 gene are potential molecular markers which could improve litter size of Jining Grey goats and be used in goat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jishun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhuangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qianqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pinqing Wang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mei Jin
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, PR China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferreira MDF, Mellanby RJ, Gow AG. Serum melatonin in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunting, with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e23. [PMID: 31974269 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a hormone produced and secreted primarily by the pineal gland and mainly metabolised in the liver. Increased melatonin concentrations have been reported in human cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome of neurological dysfunction. The pathogenesis of canine HE is incompletely understood. Melatonin has been hypothesised as a contributor to the development of HE. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum melatonin concentrations are increased in canine congenital portosystemic shunting (cPSS), with and without HE. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, for which archived (-80°C) serum samples were available. A canine competitive ELISA was used to measure melatonin in two cohorts: dogs with a final diagnosis of cPSS (n=23) with and without clinical signs of HE, and healthy dogs (n=15). RESULTS Melatonin concentrations were not significantly different (P=0.81) between healthy controls (median 27.2 pg/mL, range 19.8-161.5 pg/mL) and dogs with cPSS (median 25.7 pg/mL, range 18.5-244.9 pg/mL). Serum melatonin did not differ between cPSS patients with and without clinical signs of HE (P>0.99). No correlation was found between serum melatonin and blood ammonia (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rs =-0.41, P=0.08). CONCLUSION Serum melatonin is not increased in canine cPSS with and without HE. We found no evidence that altered melatonin metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of cPSS-associated HE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa da Fonseca Ferreira
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Richard John Mellanby
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Adam George Gow
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Itoh MT, Hosaka T, Takahashi N, Ishizuka B. Expression of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor in the rat pineal gland. J Pineal Res 2006; 41:35-41. [PMID: 16842539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) influences the secretion of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) from the pineal gland. The present study examined the possible presence of LH/chorionic gonadotropin (CG) receptor in the pineal gland of adult female rats. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that LH/CG receptor mRNA is expressed in the pineal gland. Western blotting showed that the pineal gland, like the ovary, contains an 80 kDa receptor protein. Immunohistochemistry revealed that LH/CG receptor, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (a regulatory enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis) and serotonin (a melatonin precursor) are localized primarily to the same cells of the pineal gland. We further found that the levels of pineal LH/CG receptor protein in normal cycling female rats change significantly during the estrous cycle, being lowest at early metestrus. These results demonstrate that LH/CG receptor is expressed in the pineal gland, primarily in melatonin-synthesizing cells, namely pinealocytes. Furthermore, it is suggested that LH influences pineal melatonin secretion through binding to this receptor. In addition, LH/CG receptor levels in the pineal gland are regulated during the estrous cycle under normal physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori T Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prata Lima MF, Baracat EC, Simões MJ. Effects of melatonin on the ovarian response to pinealectomy or continuous light in female rats: similarity with polycystic ovary syndrome. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:987-95. [PMID: 15264005 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between melatonin and chronic anovulation. Adult (3-4 months old) female Wistar rats were submitted to pinealectomy: group I: pinealectomized ovariectomized melatonin-treated (N = 10); group II: pinealectomized ovariectomized placebo-treated (N = 12); group III: pinealectomized light-treated placebo-treated (N = 10) or maintained under continuous light; group IV: maintained under continuous light, ovariectomized melatonin-treated (N = 22); group V: maintained under continuous light, ovariectomized placebo-treated (N = 10); group VI: maintained under continuous light placebo-treated (N = 10). In order to assess ovarian modifications, unilateral ovariectomy was performed during the fourth month in groups I, II, IV, V and the other ovary was removed after 8 months. Ovariectomy was performed in groups III and VI only after eight months. Melatonin (200 micro g/100 g body weight) dissolved in 0.02 ml absolute ethanol was injected intramuscularly daily during the last 4 months into groups I and IV. The other groups were treated with placebo (NaCl). The ovarian cysts were analyzed and their area, perimeter and maximum diameter, as well as the thickness of the ovarian capsule were measured. Daily colpocytological smears were performed throughout the study. Persistent estrous condition and ovarian cysts were observed in all groups. In pinealectomized rats the ovarian and vaginal alterations disappeared at the end of the study and in rats maintained under continuous light the vaginal and ovarian polycystic aspect was reversed only in those treated with melatonin. We conclude that melatonin may act on the ovarian response reverting chronic anovulation induced by pinealectomy or continuous light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Prata Lima
- Disciplina de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simonneaux V, Ribelayga C. Generation of the melatonin endocrine message in mammals: a review of the complex regulation of melatonin synthesis by norepinephrine, peptides, and other pineal transmitters. Pharmacol Rev 2003; 55:325-95. [PMID: 12773631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.55.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland, displays characteristic daily and seasonal patterns of secretion. These robust and predictable rhythms in circulating melatonin are strong synchronizers for the expression of numerous physiological processes in photoperiodic species. In mammals, the nighttime production of melatonin is mainly driven by the circadian clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which controls the release of norepinephrine from the dense pineal sympathetic afferents. The pivotal role of norepinephrine in the nocturnal stimulation of melatonin synthesis has been extensively dissected at the cellular and molecular levels. Besides the noradrenergic input, the presence of numerous other transmitters originating from various sources has been reported in the pineal gland. Many of these are neuropeptides and appear to contribute to the regulation of melatonin synthesis by modulating the effects of norepinephrine on pineal biochemistry. The aim of this review is firstly to update our knowledge of the cellular and molecular events underlying the noradrenergic control of melatonin synthesis; and secondly to gather together early and recent data on the effects of the nonadrenergic transmitters on modulation of melatonin synthesis. This information reveals the variety of inputs that can be integrated by the pineal gland; what elements are crucial to deliver the very precise timing information to the organism. This also clarifies the role of these various inputs in the seasonal variation of melatonin synthesis and their subsequent physiological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Simonneaux
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Rythmes, UMR 7518 CNRS/ULP, 12, rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|