1
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Zalon AJ, Quiriconi DJ, Pitcairn C, Mazzulli JR. α-Synuclein: Multiple pathogenic roles in trafficking and proteostasis pathways in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:612-635. [PMID: 38420922 PMCID: PMC11358363 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241232963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of both familial and sporadic PD is the presence of Lewy body inclusions composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), a presynaptic protein encoded by the SNCA gene. The mechanisms driving the relationship between α-syn accumulation and neurodegeneration are not completely understood, although recent evidence indicates that multiple branches of the proteostasis pathway are simultaneously perturbed when α-syn aberrantly accumulates within neurons. Studies from patient-derived midbrain cultures that develop α-syn pathology through the endogenous expression of PD-causing mutations show that proteostasis disruption occurs at the level of synthesis/folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), downstream ER-Golgi trafficking, and autophagic-lysosomal clearance. Here, we review the fundamentals of protein transport, highlighting the specific steps where α-syn accumulation may intervene and the downstream effects on proteostasis. Current therapeutic efforts are focused on targeting single pathways or proteins, but the multifaceted pathogenic role of α-syn throughout the proteostasis pathway suggests that manipulating several targets simultaneously will provide more effective disease-modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Drew J Quiriconi
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Zhang Y, Seemann J. RNA scaffolds the Golgi ribbon by forming condensates with GM130. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1139-1153. [PMID: 38992139 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian Golgi is composed of stacks that are laterally connected into a continuous ribbon-like structure. The integrity and function of the ribbon is disrupted under stress conditions, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the ribbon is maintained by biomolecular condensates of RNA and the Golgi matrix protein GM130 (GOLGA2). We identify GM130 as a membrane-bound RNA-binding protein, which directly recruits RNA and associated RNA-binding proteins to the Golgi membrane. Acute degradation of RNA or GM130 in cells disrupts the ribbon. Under stress conditions, RNA dissociates from GM130 and the ribbon is disjointed, but after the cells recover from stress the ribbon is restored. When overexpressed in cells, GM130 forms RNA-dependent liquid-like condensates. GM130 contains an intrinsically disordered domain at its amino terminus, which binds RNA to induce liquid-liquid phase separation. These co-condensates are sufficient to link purified Golgi membranes, reconstructing lateral linking of stacks into a ribbon-like structure. Together, these studies show that RNA acts as a structural biopolymer that together with GM130 maintains the integrity of the Golgi ribbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Seemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Liu M, Duan Y, Dong J, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao M, Jia H, Chen J, Liu M, Wei M, Zhong X. Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116646. [PMID: 38692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shayang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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4
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Kumar K, Basak R, Rai A, Mukhopadhyay A. GRASP negatively regulates the secretion of the virulence factor gp63 in Leishmania. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:1063-1078. [PMID: 38558112 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metalloprotease-gp63 is a virulence factor secreted by Leishmania. However, secretory pathway in Leishmania is not well defined. Here, we cloned and expressed the GRASP homolog from Leishmania. We found that Leishmania expresses one GRASP homolog of 58 kDa protein (LdGRASP) which localizes in LdRab1- and LPG2-positive Golgi compartment in Leishmania. LdGRASP was found to bind with COPII complex, LdARF1, LdRab1 and LdRab11 indicating its role in ER and Golgi transport in Leishmania. To determine the function of LdGRASP, we generated LdGRASP knockout parasites using CRISPR-Cas9. We found fragmentation of Golgi in Ld:GRASPKO parasites. Our results showed enhanced transport of non-GPI-anchored gp63 to the cell surface leading to higher secretion of this form of gp63 in Ld:GRASPKO parasites in comparison to Ld:WT cells. In contrast, we found that transport of GPI-anchored gp63 to the cell surface is blocked in Ld:GRASPKO parasites and thereby inhibits its secretion. The overexpression of dominant-negative mutant of LdRab1 or LdSar1 in Ld:GRASPKO parasites significantly blocked the secretion of non-GPI-anchored gp63. Interestingly, we found that survival of transgenic parasites overexpressing Ld:GRASP-GFP is significantly compromised in macrophages in comparison to Ld:WT and Ld:GRASPKO parasites. These results demonstrated that LdGRASP differentially regulates Ldgp63 secretory pathway in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rituparna Basak
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakansha Rai
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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5
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Bucurica S, Gaman L, Jinga M, Popa AA, Ionita-Radu F. Golgi Apparatus Target Proteins in Gastroenterological Cancers: A Comprehensive Review of GOLPH3 and GOLGA Proteins. Cells 2023; 12:1823. [PMID: 37508488 PMCID: PMC10378073 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in protein sorting, modification and trafficking within cells; its dysregulation has been implicated in various cancers including those affecting the GI tract. This review highlights two Golgi target proteins, namely GOLPH3 and GOLGA proteins, from this apparatus as they relate to gastroenterological cancers. GOLPH3-a highly conserved protein of the trans-Golgi network-has become a key player in cancer biology. Abnormal expression of GOLPH3 has been detected in various gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. GOLPH3 promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion via various mechanisms including activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as altering Golgi morphology and vesicular trafficking. GOLGA family proteins such as GOLGA1 (golgin-97) and GOLGA7 (golgin-84) have also been implicated in gastroenterological cancers. GOLGA1 plays an essential role in protein trafficking within the Golgi apparatus and has been associated with poor patient survival rates and increased invasiveness; GOLGA7 maintains Golgi structure while having been shown to affect protein glycosylation processes. GOLPH3 and GOLGA proteins play a pivotal role in gastroenterological cancer, helping researchers unlock molecular mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets. Their dysregulation affects various cellular processes including signal transduction, vesicular trafficking and protein glycosylation, all contributing to tumor aggressiveness and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University Central Emergency Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Gaman
- Department of Biochemistry, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University Central Emergency Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Adrian Popa
- Student of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University Central Emergency Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Li H, Cheng Z, Jiang B, Shao X, Xu M. Prognosis value and positive association of Rab1A/IL4Rα aberrant expression in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6964. [PMID: 37117331 PMCID: PMC10147632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the leading cause of worldwide cancer-associated mortality. Several GC patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage with an unsatisfactory 5-year survival rate. Rab1A was significantly associated with IL4Rα expression in non-small cell lung cancer. However, their potential correlation in expression and prognosis remains largely unknown in GC. In this study, Rab1A/IL-4Rα was significantly increased in GC than in para-cancerous tissues, and Rab1A/IL-4Rα overexpression caused poor prognosis among GC patients. Rab1A expression was significantly correlated with IL-4Rα expression in GC tissues, as determined by IHC analysis. In addition, the mRNA expression of Rab1A was closely linked with the IL-4Rα mRNA expression in GC tissue expressed by qPCR. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the group with negative Rab1A and IL-4Rα expression had longer 5-year survival rates than the other group. Besides, the group with positive Rab1A and IL-4Rα expression had a worse prognosis than the other group. Finally, nomograms revealed the overall 3 and 5-year survival determined crucial roles of Rab1A/IL-4Rα expression in predicting the prognosis of GC patients. Therefore, Rab1A/IL-4Rα is vital in GC, providing a novel perspective on targeted GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zhengwu Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Menglin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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7
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Golgin Subfamily A Member 5 Is Essential for Production of Extracellular Matrix Proteins during TGF-β1-Induced Periodontal Ligament-Fibroblastic Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3273779. [PMID: 35879965 PMCID: PMC9308542 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3273779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) can be differentiated into periodontal ligament- (PDL-) fibroblastic progenitors by treatment with low concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Although much is known about the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1, the molecular mechanisms mediating the activation of fibroblasts in periodontal ligament-fibroblastic differentiation are not well known. Our study was to investigate the mechanism of the fibroblastic process in the periodontal ligament differentiation of hPDLSCs through the discovery of novel markers. One of the monoclonal antibodies previously established through decoy immunization was the anti-LG11 antibody, which recognized Golgi subfamily A member 5 (GOLGA5) as a PDL-fibroblastic progenitor-specific antigen. GOLGA5/LG11 was significantly upregulated in TGF-β1-induced PDL-fibroblastic progenitors and accumulated in the PDL region of the tooth root. GOLGA5 plays a role in vesicle tethering and docking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous GOLGA5 upregulated in TGF-β1-induced PDL-fibroblastic progenitors resulted in downregulation of representative PDL-fibroblastic markers and upregulation of osteoblast markers. When the TGF-β1 signaling pathway was blocked or GOLGA5 was depleted by siRNA, the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as type I collagen and fibronectin, decreased in PDL-fibroblastic progenitors. In addition, Golgi structures in the perinuclear region underwent fragmentation under these conditions. These results suggest that GOLGA5/LG11 is a PDL-fibroblastic marker with functional importance in ECM protein production and secretion, which are important processes in PDL-fibroblastic differentiation.
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8
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Larocque G, Royle SJ. Integrating intracellular nanovesicles into integrin trafficking pathways and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:335. [PMID: 35657500 PMCID: PMC9166830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane traffic controls the movement of proteins and lipids from one cellular compartment to another using a system of transport vesicles. Intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) are a newly described class of transport vesicles. These vesicles are small, carry diverse cargo, and are involved in multiple trafficking steps including anterograde traffic and endosomal recycling. An example of a biological process that they control is cell migration and invasion, due to their role in integrin recycling. In this review, we describe what is known so far about these vesicles. We discuss how INVs may integrate into established membrane trafficking pathways using integrin recycling as an example. We speculate where in the cell INVs have the potential to operate and we identify key questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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9
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Maintaining Golgi Homeostasis: A Balancing Act of Two Proteolytic Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050780. [PMID: 35269404 PMCID: PMC8909885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central hub for cellular protein trafficking and signaling. Golgi structure and function is tightly coupled and undergoes dynamic changes in health and disease. A crucial requirement for maintaining Golgi homeostasis is the ability of the Golgi to target aberrant, misfolded, or otherwise unwanted proteins to degradation. Recent studies have revealed that the Golgi apparatus may degrade such proteins through autophagy, retrograde trafficking to the ER for ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and locally, through Golgi apparatus-related degradation (GARD). Here, we review recent discoveries in these mechanisms, highlighting the role of the Golgi in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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10
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Focus on the Small GTPase Rab1: A Key Player in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112087. [PMID: 34769517 PMCID: PMC8584362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of large aggregates in the survival neurons called Lewy bodies, which mainly contain α-synuclein (α-syn). The cause of cell death is not known but could be due to mitochondrial dysfunction, protein homeostasis failure, and alterations in the secretory/endolysosomal/autophagic pathways. Survival nigral neurons overexpress the small GTPase Rab1. This protein is considered a housekeeping Rab that is necessary to support the secretory pathway, the maintenance of the Golgi complex structure, and the regulation of macroautophagy from yeast to humans. It is also involved in signaling, carcinogenesis, and infection for some pathogens. It has been shown that it is directly linked to the pathogenesis of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. It has a protective effect against α–σψν toxicity and has recently been shown to be a substrate of LRRK2, which is the most common cause of familial PD and the risk of sporadic disease. In this review, we analyze the key aspects of Rab1 function in dopamine neurons and its implications in PD neurodegeneration/restauration. The results of the current and former research support the notion that this GTPase is a good candidate for therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Wulff T, Voldborg BG, Altamirano C, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Compartmentalized Proteomic Profiling Outlines the Crucial Role of the Classical Secretory Pathway during Recombinant Protein Production in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12439-12458. [PMID: 34056395 PMCID: PMC8154153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Different cellular processes that contribute to protein production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been previously investigated by proteomics. However, although the classical secretory pathway (CSP) has been well documented as a bottleneck during recombinant protein (RP) production, it has not been well represented in previous proteomic studies. Hence, the significance of this pathway for production of RP was assessed by identifying its own proteins that were associated to changes in RP production, through subcellular fractionation coupled to shot-gun proteomics. Two CHO cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody with different specific productivities were used as cellular models, from which 4952 protein groups were identified, which represent a coverage of 59% of the Chinese hamster proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021014. By using SAM and ROTS algorithms, 493 proteins were classified as differentially expressed, of which about 80% was proposed as novel targets and one-third were assigned to the CSP. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response, calcium homeostasis, vesicle traffic, glycosylation, autophagy, proteasomal activity, protein synthesis and translocation into ER lumen, and secretion of extracellular matrix components were some of the affected processes that occurred in the secretory pathway. Processes from other cellular compartments, such as DNA replication, transcription, cytoskeleton organization, signaling, and metabolism, were also modified. This study gives new insights into the molecular traits of higher producer cells and provides novel targets for development of new sub-lines with improved phenotypes for RP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Tune Wulff
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Bjørn G. Voldborg
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio
de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
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12
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Lu Q, Wang PS, Yang L. Golgi-associated Rab GTPases implicated in autophagy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33557950 PMCID: PMC7869216 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process in eukaryotes that facilitates the recycling and reutilization of damaged organelles and compartments. It plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, pathophysiological processes, and diverse diseases in humans. Autophagy involves dynamic crosstalk between different stages associated with intracellular vesicle trafficking. Golgi apparatus is the central organelle involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking where Golgi-associated Rab GTPases function as important mediators. This review focuses on the recent findings that highlight Golgi-associated Rab GTPases as master regulators of autophagic flux. The scope for future research in elucidating the role and mechanism of Golgi-associated Rab GTPases in autophagy and autophagy-related diseases is discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Po-Shun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA.
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13
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Zhang X, Wang Y. Nonredundant Roles of GRASP55 and GRASP65 in the Golgi Apparatus and Beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:1065-1079. [PMID: 32893104 PMCID: PMC7641999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that two Golgi stacking proteins, GRASP55 and GRASP65, self-interact to form trans-oligomers that tether adjacent Golgi membranes into stacks and ribbons in mammalian cells. This ensures proper functioning of the Golgi apparatus in protein trafficking and processing. More recently, GRASP proteins have drawn extensive attention from researchers due to their diverse and essential roles in and out of the Golgi in different organisms. In this review, we summarize their established roles in Golgi structure formation and function under physiological conditions. We then highlight the emerging and divergent roles for individual GRASP proteins, focusing on GRASP65 in cell migration and apoptosis and GRASP55 in unconventional protein secretion and autophagy under stress or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Tomás M, Martínez-Alonso E, Martínez-Martínez N, Cara-Esteban M, Martínez-Menárguez JA. Fragmentation of the Golgi complex of dopaminergic neurons in human substantia nigra: New cytopathological findings in Parkinson's disease. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:47-60. [PMID: 33078843 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon is a common feature of Parkinson´s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. This alteration could be the consequence of the anterograde and retrograde transport imbalance, α-synuclein aggregates, and/or cytoskeleton alterations. Most information on this process has been obtained from cellular and animal experimental models, and as such, there is little information available on human tissue. If the information on human tissue was available, it may help to understand the cytopathological mechanisms of this disease. In the present study, we analyzed the morphological characteristics of the Golgi complex of dopaminergic neurons in human samples of substantia nigra of control and Parkinson's disease patients. We measured the expression levels of putative molecules involved in Golgi fragmentation, including α-synuclein, tubulin, and Golgi-associated regulatory and structural proteins. We show that, as a consequence of the disease, the Golgi complex is fragmented into small stacks without vesiculation. We found that only a limited number of regulatory proteins are altered. Rab1, a small GTPase regulating endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport, is the most dramatically affected, being highly overexpressed in the surviving neurons. We found that the SNARE protein syntaxin 5 forms extracellular aggregates resembling the amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. These findings may help to understand the cytopathology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Tomás
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Mireia Cara-Esteban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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15
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He Q, Liu H, Deng S, Chen X, Li D, Jiang X, Zeng W, Lu W. The Golgi Apparatus May Be a Potential Therapeutic Target for Apoptosis-Related Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:830. [PMID: 33015040 PMCID: PMC7493689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that, in addition to the classical function of protein processing and transport, the Golgi apparatus (GA) is also involved in apoptosis, one of the most common forms of cell death. The structure and the function of the GA is damaged during apoptosis. However, the specific effect of the GA on the apoptosis process is unclear; it may be involved in initiating or promoting apoptosis, or it may inhibit apoptosis. Golgi-related apoptosis is associated with a variety of neurological diseases including glioma, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and ischemic stroke. This review summarizes the changes and the possible mechanisms of Golgi structure and function during apoptosis. In addition, we also explore the possible mechanisms by which the GA regulates apoptosis and summarize the potential relationship between the Golgi and certain neurological diseases from the perspective of apoptosis. Elucidation of the interaction between the GA and apoptosis broadens our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of neurological diseases and provides new research directions for the treatment of these diseases. Therefore, we propose that the GA may be a potential therapeutic target for apoptosis-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiqian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Su H, Li T, Li C, Liu X, Ling H, Li X. Expression of Rab1A in bladder cancer and its clinical implications. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 32952635 PMCID: PMC7480166 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab1A protein has been identified to be highly expressed in a number of malignant tumor tissues and to participate in the regulation of tumor development, but no data concerning bladder cancer have been described at present. The present study measured the expression of Rab1A in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, and analyzed its clinical significance for patients with bladder cancer. A total of 153 pairs of bladder cancer tumor tissues and adjacent cancer healthy tissues were included in the present study. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of Rab1A protein in normal bladder and bladder cancer cell line, and bladder cancer and normal adjacent tissues. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis and mapping of survival curves in patients with bladder cancer. The expression levels of Rab1A protein in normal bladder cells and tissues was significantly decreased compared with that in bladder cancer cells and tissues, and it was significantly associated with tumor size, histological grade, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis and remote metastasis in 153 patients with bladder cancer. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the expression of Rab1A protein in bladder cancer tissues was an independent risk factor for prognosis (overall risk=0.549; 95% confidence interval=0.139-0.916). The 5-year survival rate of patients with bladder cancer with high expression levels of Rab1A protein was 48.613%, which was significantly decreased compared with the rate of patients with low expression 75.31% (P<0.05). The expression of Rab1A in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines was upregulated, and its expression increased with increasing TNM stages. It was also associated with the metastasis of tumor cells and negatively affected the survival time of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Drug and Equipment, The Second Hospital of Zhangjiakou City, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Ling
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China
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17
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Vieira V, Pain C, Wojcik S, Spatola Rossi T, Denecke J, Osterrieder A, Hawes C, Kriechbaumer V. Living on the edge: the role of Atgolgin-84A at the plant ER-Golgi interface. J Microsc 2020; 280:158-173. [PMID: 32700322 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The plant Golgi apparatus is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Golgi matrix components, such as golgins, have been identified and suggested to function as putative tethering factors to mediate the physical connections between Golgi bodies and the ER network. Golgins are proteins anchored to the Golgi membrane by the C-terminus either through transmembrane domains or interaction with small regulatory GTPases. The golgin N-terminus contains long coiled-coil domains, which consist of a number of α-helices wrapped around each other to form a structure similar to a rope being made from several strands, reaching into the cytoplasm. In animal cells, golgins are also implicated in specific recognition of cargo at the Golgi.Here, we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin-84A for its subcellular localization and potential role as a tethering factor at the ER-Golgi interface. For this, fluorescent fusions of Atgolgin-84A and an Atgolgin-84A truncation lacking the coiled-coil domains (Atgolgin-84AΔ1-557) were transiently expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells and imaged using high-resolution confocal microscopy. We show that Atgolgin-84A localizes to a pre-cis-Golgi compartment that is also labelled by one of the COPII proteins as well as by the tether protein AtCASP. Upon overexpression of Atgolgin-84A or its deletion mutant, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is impaired and cargo proteins are redirected to the vacuole. LAY DESCRIPTION: The Golgi apparatus is a specialised compartment found in mammalian and plant cells. It is the post office of the cell and packages proteins into small membrane boxes for transport to their destination in the cell. The plant Golgi apparatus consist of many separate Golgi bodies and is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Specialised proteins called golgins have been suggested to tether Golgi bodies and the ER. Here we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin-84A for its exact within the Golgi body and its potential role as a tethering factor at the ER-Golgi interface. For this, we have fused Atgolgin-84A with a fluorescent protein from jellyfish and we are producing this combination in tobacco leaf cells. This allows us to see the protein using laser microscopy. We show that Atgolgin-84A localises to a compartment between the ER and Golgi that is also labelled by the tether protein AtCASP. When Atgolgin-84A is produced in high amounts in the cell, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is inhibited and proteins are redirected to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vieira
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K
| | - C Pain
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - S Wojcik
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - T Spatola Rossi
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - J Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - A Osterrieder
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K.,Bioethics and Engagement, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - C Hawes
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - V Kriechbaumer
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
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18
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Wang J, Xing H, Nikzad AA, Liu B, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang E, Jia Z. Long Noncoding RNA MNX1 antisense RNA 1 Exerts Oncogenic Functions in Bladder Cancer by Regulating miR-218-5p/RAB1A Axis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:237-247. [PMID: 31843814 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA MNX1 antisense RNA 1 (MNX1-AS1) is significantly overexpressed in patients with bladder cancer, suggesting that it might be associated with bladder cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of MNX1-AS1 in bladder cancer remained indistinct. To illustrate the role of MNX1-AS1 in bladder cancer, the gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted in bladder cancer cells. Reduced expression of MNX1-AS1 could suppress cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells, whereas overexpression of MNX1-AS1 resulted in the opposite effects. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that miR-218-5p was a direct target of RAB1A. MNX1-AS1 could competitively bind to miR-218-5p to regulate RAB1A expression in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that reduced expression of MNX1-AS1 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Taken together, MNX1-AS1 functions as a sponge to miR-218-5p to modulate RAB1A expression in bladder cancer, which suggests that MNX1-AS1 might serve as a novel therapeutic target and a novel biomarker for metastasis and prognosis in bladder cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study demonstrates that long noncoding RNA MNX1-AS1 promotes the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. MNX1-AS1 regulates RAB1A expression to promote proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions of bladder cancer cells via miR-218-5p, which contributes to the tumor growth and metastasis of bladder cancer. Collectively, these results suggest that MNX1-AS1 might serve as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwu Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Aziz Nikzad
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Songchao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Erwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Fakhree MAA, Blum C, Claessens MMAE. Shaping membranes with disordered proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108163. [PMID: 31672499 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins control and shape membrane trafficking processes. The role of protein structure in shaping cellular membranes is well established. However, a significant fraction of membrane proteins is disordered or contains long disordered regions. It becomes more and more clear that these disordered regions contribute to the function of membrane proteins. While the fold of a structured protein is essential for its function, being disordered seems to be a crucial feature of membrane bound intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions. Here we outline the motifs that encode function in disordered proteins and discuss how these functional motifs enable disordered proteins to modulate membrane properties. These changes in membrane properties facilitate and regulate membrane trafficking processes which are highly abundant in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Blum
- Nanobiophysics Group, University of Twente, 7522, NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
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20
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Popa S, Villeneuve J, Stewart S, Perez Garcia E, Petrunkina Harrison A, Moreau K. Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies new regulators of glycoprotein secretion. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:119. [PMID: 32030357 PMCID: PMC6979480 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15232.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The fundamental process of protein secretion from eukaryotic cells has been well described for many years, yet gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated remain. Methods: With the aim of identifying novel genes involved in the secretion of glycoproteins, we used a screening pipeline consisting of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR screen, followed by secondary siRNA screening of the hits to identify and validate several novel regulators of protein secretion. Results: We present approximately 50 novel genes not previously associated with protein secretion, many of which also had an effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus. We further studied a small selection of hits to investigate their subcellular localisation. One of these, GPR161, is a novel Golgi-resident protein that we propose maintains Golgi structure via an interaction with golgin A5. Conclusions: This study has identified new factors for protein secretion involved in Golgi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Popa
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Esther Perez Garcia
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anna Petrunkina Harrison
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kevin Moreau
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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21
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Popa S, Villeneuve J, Stewart S, Perez Garcia E, Petrunkina Harrison A, Moreau K. Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies new regulators of glycoprotein secretion. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:119. [PMID: 32030357 PMCID: PMC6979480 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15232.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The fundamental process of protein secretion from eukaryotic cells has been well described for many years, yet gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated remain. Methods: With the aim of identifying novel genes involved in the secretion of glycoproteins, we used a screening pipeline consisting of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR screen, followed by secondary siRNA screening of the hits to identify and validate several novel regulators of protein secretion. Results: We present approximately 50 novel genes not previously associated with protein secretion, many of which also had an effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus. We further studied a small selection of hits to investigate their subcellular localisation. One of these, GPR161, is a novel Golgi-resident protein that we propose maintains Golgi structure via an interaction with golgin A5. Conclusions: This study has identified new factors for protein secretion involved in Golgi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Popa
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Esther Perez Garcia
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anna Petrunkina Harrison
- NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kevin Moreau
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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22
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Lowe M. The Physiological Functions of the Golgin Vesicle Tethering Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:94. [PMID: 31316978 PMCID: PMC6611411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The golgins comprise a family of vesicle tethering proteins that act in a selective manner to tether transport vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. Tethering is followed by membrane fusion to complete the delivery of vesicle-bound cargo to the Golgi. Different golgins are localized to different regions of the Golgi, and their ability to selectively tether transport vesicles is important for the specificity of vesicle traffic in the secretory pathway. In recent years, our mechanistic understanding of golgin-mediated tethering has greatly improved. We are also beginning to appreciate how the loss of golgin function can impact upon physiological processes through the use of animal models and the study of human disease. These approaches have revealed that loss of a golgin causes tissue-restricted phenotypes, which can vary in severity and the cell types affected. In many cases, it is possible to attribute these phenotypes to a defect in vesicular traffic, although why certain tissues are sensitive to loss of a particular golgin is still, in most cases, unclear. Here, I will summarize recent progress in our understanding of golgins, focusing on the physiological roles of these proteins, as determined from animal models and the study of disease in humans. I will describe what these in vivo analyses have taught us, as well as highlight less understood aspects, and areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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Tormanen K, Ton C, Waring BM, Wang K, Sütterlin C. Function of Golgi-centrosome proximity in RPE-1 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215215. [PMID: 30986258 PMCID: PMC6464164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The close physical proximity between the Golgi and the centrosome is a unique feature of mammalian cells that has baffled scientists for years. Several knockdown and overexpression studies have linked the spatial relationship between these two organelles to the control of directional protein transport, directional migration, ciliogenesis and mitotic entry. However, most of these conditions have not only separated these two organelles, but also caused extensive fragmentation of the Golgi, making it difficult to dissect the specific contribution of Golgi-centrosome proximity. In this study, we present our results with stable retinal pigment epithelial (RPE-1) cell lines in which GM130 was knocked out using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach. While Golgi and centrosome organization appeared mostly intact in cells lacking GM130, there was a clear separation of these organelles from each other. We show that GM130 may control Golgi-centrosome proximity by anchoring AKAP450 to the Golgi. We also provide evidence that the physical proximity between these two organelles is dispensable for protein transport, cell migration, and ciliogenesis. These results suggest that Golgi-centrosome proximity per se is not necessary for the normal function of RPE-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Tormanen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Celine Ton
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara M. Waring
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Sütterlin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Cheng Z, Shao X, Xu M, Wang J, Kuai X, Zhang L, Wu J, Zhou C, Mao J. Rab1A promotes proliferation and migration abilities via regulation of the HER2/AKT-independent mTOR/S6K1 pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2717-2728. [PMID: 30896866 PMCID: PMC6448090 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Recently, Rab1A has been reported to be an activator of mTORC1 and p-S6K1, which is downstream of mTORC1. However, the association between Rab1A and p-S6K1 in CRC remains elusive. In the present study, we first demonstrated that Rab1A was overexpressed in CRC tissues and Rab1A overexpression was positively related to lymph node invasion, degree of differentiation, venous invasion and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. In both TNM stage I–II and III–IV patients, Rab1A-positive patients had a shorter survival time than Rab1A-negative patients. Furthermore, in univariate and multivariate analyses, only Rab1A expression was verified as an independent prognostic factor for survival in CRC patients. The level of p-S6K1 was markedly high in CRC tissues and Rab1A expression level had a positive association with p-S6K1 level. In addition, high levels of both Rab1A and p-S6K1 were associated with a poorer prognosis compared with low expression of either Rab1A or p-S6K1 level. Moreover, high levels of both Rab1A and p-S6K1 were associated with a poorer prognosis than patients with high levels of either Rab1A or p-S6K1 alone. Finally, knockdown of Rab1A expression inhibited migration and proliferation of SW480 and HCT116 cell lines by targeting regulation of p-S6K1. Thus, our findings indicate that Rab1A plays an important role in CRC and may provide a therapeutic target for CRC, particularly for mTORC1-targeted therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Menglin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jiading Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
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25
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central intracellular membrane-bound organelle with key functions in trafficking, processing, and sorting of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins and lipids. To best perform these functions, Golgi membranes form a unique stacked structure. The Golgi structure is dynamic but tightly regulated; it undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during the cell cycle of mammalian cells and is disrupted under certain stress and pathological conditions. In the past decade, significant amount of effort has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Golgi membrane architecture and function. Here we review the major discoveries in the mechanisms of Golgi structure formation, regulation, and alteration in relation to its functions in physiological and pathological conditions to further our understanding of Golgi structure and function in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The role of the Golgi apparatus in carcinogenesis still remains unclear. A number of structural and functional cis-, medial-, and trans-Golgi proteins as well as a complexity of metabolic pathways which they mediate may indicate a central role of the Golgi apparatus in the development and progression of cancer. Pleiotropy of cellular function of the Golgi apparatus makes it a "metabolic heart" or a relay station of a cell, which combines multiple signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, any damage to or structural abnormality of the Golgi apparatus, causing its fragmentation and/or biochemical dysregulation, results in an up- or downregulation of signaling pathways and may in turn promote tumor progression, as well as local nodal and distant metastases. Three alternative or parallel models of spatial and functional Golgi organization within tumor cells were proposed: (1) compacted Golgi structure, (2) normal Golgi structure with its increased activity, and (3) the Golgi fragmentation with ministacks formation. Regardless of the assumed model, the increased activity of oncogenesis initiators and promoters with inhibition of suppressor proteins results in an increased cell motility and migration, increased angiogenesis, significantly activated trafficking kinetics, proliferation, EMT induction, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis-inducing factors, and modulating immune response to tumor cell antigens. Eventually, this will lead to the increased metastatic potential of cancer cells and an increased risk of lymph node and distant metastases. This chapter provided an overview of the current state of knowledge of selected Golgi proteins, their role in cytophysiology as well as potential involvement in tumorigenesis.
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central sorting station in the cell. It receives newly synthesized molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and directs them to different subcellular destinations, such as the plasma membrane or the endocytic pathway. Importantly, in the last few years, it has emerged that the maintenance of Golgi structure is connected to the proper regulation of membrane trafficking. Rab proteins are small GTPases that are considered to be the master regulators of the intracellular membrane trafficking. Several of the over 60 human Rabs are involved in the regulation of transport pathways at the Golgi as well as in the maintenance of its architecture. This chapter will summarize the different roles of Rab GTPases at the Golgi, both as regulators of membrane transport, scaffold, and tethering proteins and in preserving the structure and function of this organelle.
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Li J, Tang D, Ireland SC, Wang Y. DjA1 maintains Golgi integrity via interaction with GRASP65. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:478-490. [PMID: 30566031 PMCID: PMC6594443 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) has been implicated in both Golgi stacking and ribbon linking by forming trans-oligomers. To better understand its function and regulation, we used biochemical methods to identify the DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 (DjA1) as a novel GRASP65-binding protein. In cells, depletion of DjA1 resulted in Golgi fragmentation, short and improperly aligned cisternae, and delayed Golgi reassembly after nocodazole washout. In vitro, immunodepletion of DjA1 from interphase cytosol reduced its activity to enhance GRASP65 oligomerization and Golgi membrane fusion, while adding purified DjA1 enhanced GRASP65 oligomerization. DjA1 is a cochaperone of Heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein (Hsc70), but the activity of DjA1 in Golgi structure formation is independent of its cochaperone activity or Hsc70, rather, through DjA1-GRASP65 interaction to promote GRASP65 oligomerization. Thus, DjA1 interacts with GRASP65 to enhance Golgi structure formation through the promotion of GRASP65 trans-oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
| | - Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
| | - Stephen C Ireland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
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Saraste J, Marie M. Intermediate compartment (IC): from pre-Golgi vacuoles to a semi-autonomous membrane system. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:407-430. [PMID: 30173361 PMCID: PMC6182704 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its discovery more than three decades ago and well-established role in protein sorting and trafficking in the early secretory pathway, the intermediate compartment (IC) has remained enigmatic. The prevailing view is that the IC evolved as a specialized organelle to mediate long-distance endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi communication in metazoan cells, but is lacking in other eukaryotes, such as plants and fungi. However, this distinction is difficult to reconcile with the high conservation of the core machineries that regulate early secretory trafficking from yeast to man. Also, it has remained unclear whether the pleiomorphic IC components—vacuoles, tubules and vesicles—represent transient transport carriers or building blocks of a permanent pre-Golgi organelle. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that the IC maintains its compositional, structural and spatial properties throughout the cell cycle, supporting a model that combines the dynamic and stable aspects of the organelle. Moreover, the IC has been assigned novel functions, such as cell signaling, Golgi-independent trafficking and autophagy. The emerging permanent nature of the IC and its connections with the centrosome and the endocytic recycling system encourage reconsideration of its relationship with the Golgi ribbon, role in Golgi biogenesis and ubiquitous presence in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Michaël Marie
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
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Serebrenik YV, Hellerschmied D, Toure M, López-Giráldez F, Brookner D, Crews CM. Targeted protein unfolding uncovers a Golgi-specific transcriptional stress response. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1284-1298. [PMID: 29851555 PMCID: PMC5994893 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelle-specific stress-response mechanisms are vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus, an essential organelle of the secretory system, is the major site of protein modification and sorting within a cell and functions as a platform for spatially regulated signaling. Golgi homeostasis mechanisms that regulate organelle structure and ensure precise processing and localization of protein substrates remain poorly understood. Using a chemical biology strategy to induce protein unfolding, we uncover a Golgi-specific transcriptional response. An RNA-sequencing profile of this stress response compared with the current state-of-the-art Golgi stressors, nigericin and xyloside, demonstrates the enhanced precision of Golgi targeting achieved with our system. The data set further reveals previously uncharacterized genes that we find to be essential for Golgi structural integrity. These findings highlight the Golgi's ability to sense misfolded proteins and establish new aspects of Golgi autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy V. Serebrenik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Doris Hellerschmied
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Momar Toure
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Dennis Brookner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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Yersinia pestis Targets the Host Endosome Recycling Pathway during the Biogenesis of the Yersinia-Containing Vacuole To Avoid Killing by Macrophages. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01800-17. [PMID: 29463656 PMCID: PMC5821078 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01800-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis has evolved many strategies to evade the innate immune system. One of these strategies is the ability to survive within macrophages. Upon phagocytosis, Y. pestis prevents phagolysosome maturation and establishes a modified compartment termed the Yersinia-containing vacuole (YCV). Y. pestis actively inhibits the acidification of this compartment, and eventually, the YCV transitions from a tight-fitting vacuole into a spacious replicative vacuole. The mechanisms to generate the YCV have not been defined. However, we hypothesized that YCV biogenesis requires Y. pestis interactions with specific host factors to subvert normal vesicular trafficking. In order to identify these factors, we performed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify host factors required for Y. pestis survival in macrophages. This screen revealed that 71 host proteins are required for intracellular survival of Y. pestis. Of particular interest was the enrichment for genes involved in endosome recycling. Moreover, we demonstrated that Y. pestis actively recruits Rab4a and Rab11b to the YCV in a type three secretion system-independent manner, indicating remodeling of the YCV by Y. pestis to resemble a recycling endosome. While recruitment of Rab4a was necessary to inhibit YCV acidification and lysosomal fusion early during infection, Rab11b appeared to contribute to later stages of YCV biogenesis. We also discovered that Y. pestis disrupts global host endocytic recycling in macrophages, possibly through sequestration of Rab11b, and this process is required for bacterial replication. These data provide the first evidence that Y. pestis targets the host endocytic recycling pathway to avoid phagolysosomal maturation and generate the YCV. Yersinia pestis can infect and survive within macrophages. However, the mechanisms that the bacterium use to subvert killing by these phagocytes have not been defined. To provide a better understanding of these mechanisms, we used an RNAi approach to identify host factors required for intracellular Y. pestis survival. This approach revealed that the host endocytic recycling pathway is essential for Y. pestis to avoid clearance by the macrophage. We further demonstrate that Y. pestis remodels the phagosome to resemble a recycling endosome, allowing the bacterium to avoid the normal phagolysosomal maturation pathway. Moreover, we show that infection with Y. pestis disrupts normal recycling in the macrophage and that disruption is required for bacterial replication. These findings provide the first evidence that Y. pestis targets the host endocytic recycling pathway in order to evade killing by macrophages.
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Liu X, Wang Z, Yang Y, Li Q, Zeng R, Kang J, Wu J. Rab1A mediates proinsulin to insulin conversion in β-cells by maintaining Golgi stability through interactions with golgin-84. Protein Cell 2018; 7:692-6. [PMID: 27502188 PMCID: PMC5003788 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qingrun Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Golgi trafficking defects in postnatal microcephaly: The evidence for “Golgipathies”. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ramírez-Peinado S, Ignashkova TI, van Raam BJ, Baumann J, Sennott EL, Gendarme M, Lindemann RK, Starnbach MN, Reiling JH. TRAPPC13 modulates autophagy and the response to Golgi stress. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2251-2265. [PMID: 28536105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tether complexes play important roles in endocytic and exocytic trafficking of lipids and proteins. In yeast, the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) tether regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport and is also implicated in autophagy. In addition, the TRAPP complex acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ypt1, which is homologous to human Rab1a and Rab1b. Here, we show that human TRAPPC13 and other TRAPP subunits are critically involved in the survival response to several Golgi-disrupting agents. Loss of TRAPPC13 partially preserves the secretory pathway and viability in response to brefeldin A, in a manner that is dependent on ARF1 and the large GEF GBF1, and concomitant with reduced caspase activation and ER stress marker induction. TRAPPC13 depletion reduces Rab1a and Rab1b activity, impairs autophagy and leads to increased infectivity to the pathogenic bacterium Shigella flexneri in response to brefeldin A. Thus, our results lend support for the existence of a mammalian TRAPPIII complex containing TRAPPC13, which is important for autophagic flux under certain stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ramírez-Peinado
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tatiana I Ignashkova
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Bram J van Raam
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Baumann
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Erica L Sennott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mathieu Gendarme
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ralph K Lindemann
- Merck Serono TA Oncology, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Darmstadt D-64293, Germany
| | - Michael N Starnbach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jan H Reiling
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 583, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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Sharaf A, Mercati F, Elmaghraby I, Elbaz RM, Marei EM. Functional and comparative genome analysis of novel virulent actinophages belonging to Streptomyces flavovirens. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28257628 PMCID: PMC5336643 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies provide exciting possibilities for whole genome sequencing of a plethora of organisms including bacterial strains and phages, with many possible applications in research and diagnostics. No Streptomyces flavovirens phages have been sequenced to date; there is therefore a lack in available information about S. flavovirens phage genomics. We report biological and physiochemical features and use NGS to provide the complete annotated genomes for two new strains (Sf1 and Sf3) of the virulent phage Streptomyces flavovirens, isolated from Egyptian soil samples. Results The S. flavovirens phages (Sf1 and Sf3) examined in this study show higher adsorption rates (82 and 85%, respectively) than other actinophages, indicating a strong specificity to their host, and latent periods (15 and 30 min.), followed by rise periods of 45 and 30 min. As expected for actinophages, their burst sizes were 1.95 and 2.49 virions per mL. Both phages were stable and, as reported in previous experiments, showed a significant increase in their activity after sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) treatments, whereas after zinc chloride (ZnCl2) application both phages showed a significant decrease in infection. The sequenced phage genomes are parts of a singleton cluster with sizes of 43,150 bp and 60,934 bp, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses and functional characterizations enabled the assignment of possible functions to 19 and 28 putative identified ORFs, which included phage structural proteins, lysis components and metabolic proteins. Thirty phams were identified in both phages, 10 (33.3%) of them with known function, which can be used in cluster prediction. Comparative genomic analysis revealed significant homology between the two phages, showing the highest hits among Sf1, Sf3 and the closest Streptomyces phage (VWB phages) in a specific 13Kb region. However, the phylogenetic analysis using the Major Capsid Protein (MCP) sequences highlighted that the isolated phages belong to the BG Streptomyces phage group but are clearly separated, representing a novel sub-cluster. Conclusion The results of this study provide the first physiological and genomic information for S. flavovirens phages and will be useful for pharmaceutical industries based on S. flavovirens and future phage evolution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharaf
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt. .,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia.
| | - F Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - I Elmaghraby
- Central Lab. of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - R M Elbaz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, 11970, Egypt
| | - E M Marei
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
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Wong M, Gillingham AK, Munro S. The golgin coiled-coil proteins capture different types of transport carriers via distinct N-terminal motifs. BMC Biol 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28122620 PMCID: PMC5267433 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The internal organization of cells depends on mechanisms to ensure that transport carriers, such as vesicles, fuse only with the correct destination organelle. Several types of proteins have been proposed to confer specificity to this process, and we have recently shown that a set of coiled-coil proteins on the Golgi, called golgins, are able to capture specific classes of carriers when relocated to an ectopic location. Results Mapping of six different golgins reveals that, in each case, a short 20–50 residue region is necessary and sufficient to capture specific carriers. In all six of GMAP-210, golgin-84, TMF, golgin-97, golgin-245, and GCC88, this region is located at the extreme N-terminus of the protein. The vesicle-capturing regions of GMAP-210, golgin-84, and TMF capture intra-Golgi vesicles and share some sequence features, suggesting that they act in a related, if distinct, manner. In the case of GMAP-210, this shared feature is in addition to a previously characterized “amphipathic lipid-packing sensor” motif that can capture highly curved membranes, with the two motifs being apparently involved in capturing distinct types of vesicles. Of the three GRIP domain golgins that capture endosome-to-Golgi carriers, golgin-97 and golgin-245 share a closely related capture motif, whereas that in GCC88 is distinct, suggesting that it works by a different mechanism and raising the possibility that the three golgins capture different classes of endosome-derived carriers that share many cargos but have distinct features for recognition at the Golgi. Conclusions For six different golgins, the capture of carriers is mediated by a short region at the N-terminus of the protein. There appear to be at least four different types of motif, consistent with specific golgins capturing specific classes of carrier and implying the existence of distinct receptors present on each of these different carrier classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Wong
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alison K Gillingham
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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Xu H, Qian M, Zhao B, Wu C, Maskey N, Song H, Li D, Song J, Hua K, Fang L. Inhibition of RAB1A suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1619-1626. [PMID: 28184936 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB1A acts as an oncogene in various cancers, and emerging evidence has verified that RAB1A is an mTORC1 activator in hepatocellular and colorectal cancer, but the role of RAB1A in breast cancer remains unclear. In this investigation, RAB1A siRNA was successfully transfected in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 human triple-negative breast cancer cells, and verified by real‑time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Then, MTT cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and wound healing assays were performed to characterize the function of RAB1A in the breast cancer cell lines. Downregulation of RAB1A inhibited cellular growth, cell migration, cell invasion and cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, compared with NC siRNA transfected cells, RAB1A siRNA transfected breast cancer cells inhibited the phosphorylation of S6K1, the effector molecular of mTORC1. Collectively, our data suggested that RAB1A acts as an oncogene by regulating cellular proliferation, growth, invasion and metastasis via activation of mTORC1 pathway in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Mingping Qian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Bingkun Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Niraj Maskey
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jialu Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyao Hua
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Martinez H, García IA, Sampieri L, Alvarez C. Spatial-Temporal Study of Rab1b Dynamics and Function at the ER-Golgi Interface. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160838. [PMID: 27500526 PMCID: PMC4976911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase Rab1b is involved in ER to Golgi transport, with multiple Rab1b effectors (located at ERES, VTCs and the Golgi complex) being required for its function. In this study, we performed live-cell dual-expression studies to analyze the dynamics of Rab1b and some effectors located at the ERES-Golgi interface. Rab1b occupied widely distributed mobile punctate and tubular structures, displaying a transient overlaps with its effectors and showing that these overlaps occurred at the same time in spatially distinct steps of ER to Golgi transport. In addition, we assessed Rab1b dynamics during cargo sorting by analyzing the concentration at ERES of a Golgi protein (SialT2-CFP) during Brefeldin A washout (BFA WO). Rab1b was associated to most of the ERES structures, but at different times during BFA WO, and recurrently SialT2-CFP was sorted in the ERES-Rab1b positive structures. Furthermore, we reveal for first time that Rab1b localization time at ERES depended on GBF1, a Rab1b effector that acts as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Arf1, and that Rab1b membrane association/dissociation dynamics at ERES was dependent on the GBF1 membrane association and activity, which strongly suggests that GBF1 activity modulates Rab1b membrane cycling dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Iris A. García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sampieri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Saraste J. Spatial and Functional Aspects of ER-Golgi Rabs and Tethers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:28. [PMID: 27148530 PMCID: PMC4834429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two conserved Rab GTPases, Rab1 and Rab2, play important roles in biosynthetic-secretory trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells. Both are expressed as two isoforms that regulate anterograde transport via the intermediate compartment (IC) to the Golgi, but are also required for transport in the retrograde direction. Moreover, Rab1 has been implicated in the formation of autophagosomes. Rab1 and Rab2 have numerous effectors or partners that function in membrane tethering, but also have other roles. These include the coiled-coil proteins p115, GM130, giantin, golgin-84, and GMAP-210, as well as the multisubunit COG (conserved oligomeric Golgi) and TRAPP (transport protein particle) tethering complexes. TRAPP also acts as the GTP exchange factor (GEF) in the activation of Rab1. According to the traditional view of the IC elements as motile, transient structures, the functions of the Rabs could take place at the two ends of the ER-Golgi itinerary, i.e., at ER exit sites (ERES) and/or cis-Golgi. However, there is considerable evidence for their specific association with the IC, including its recently identified pericentrosomal domain (pcIC), where many of the effectors turn out to be present, thus being able to exert their functions at the pre-Golgi level. The IC localization of these proteins is of particular interest based on the imaging of Rab1 dynamics, indicating that the IC is a stable organelle that bidirectionally communicates with the ER and Golgi, and is functionally linked to the endosomal system via the pcIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
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Yang XZ, Li XX, Zhang YJ, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Xiang MQ, Wang HY, Zheng XFS. Rab1 in cell signaling, cancer and other diseases. Oncogene 2016; 35:5699-5704. [PMID: 27041585 PMCID: PMC5396462 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membrane system have major roles in cell signaling and regulation of the biosynthesis/transport of proteins and lipids in response to environmental cues such as amino acid and cholesterol levels. Rab1 is the founding member of the Rab small GTPase family, which is known to mediate dynamic membrane trafficking between ER and Golgi. Growing evidence indicate that Rab1 proteins have important functions beyond their classical vesicular transport functions, including nutrient sensing and signaling, cell migration and presentation of cell-surface receptors. Moreover, deregulation of RAB1 expression has been linked to a myriad of human diseases such as cancer, cardiomyopathy and Parkinson's disease. Further investigating these new physiological and pathological functions of Rab1 should provide new opportunities for better understanding of the disease processes and may lead to more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-J Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M-Q Xiang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H-Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - X F S Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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41
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Finding the Golgi: Golgin Coiled-Coil Proteins Show the Way. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:399-408. [PMID: 26972448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus lies at the centre of the secretory pathway. It consists of a series of flattened compartments typically organised into a stack that, in mammals, is connected to additional stacks to form a Golgi ribbon. The Golgi is responsible for the maturation and modification of proteins and lipids, and receives and exports vesicles to and from multiple destinations within the cell. This complex trafficking network requires that only the correct vesicles fuse with the correct destination membrane. Recently, a group of coiled-coil proteins called golgins were shown to not only capture incoming vesicles but to also provide specificity to the tethering step. This raises many interesting questions about how they interact with other components of membrane traffic, some of which may also contribute to specificity.
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Lamb CA, Nühlen S, Judith D, Frith D, Snijders AP, Behrends C, Tooze SA. TBC1D14 regulates autophagy via the TRAPP complex and ATG9 traffic. EMBO J 2016; 35:281-301. [PMID: 26711178 PMCID: PMC4741301 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy requires membrane trafficking and remodelling to form the autophagosome and deliver its contents to lysosomes for degradation. We have previously identified the TBC domain-containing protein, TBC1D14, as a negative regulator of autophagy that controls delivery of membranes from RAB11-positive recycling endosomes to forming autophagosomes. In this study, we identify the TRAPP complex, a multi-subunit tethering complex and GEF for RAB1, as an interactor of TBC1D14. TBC1D14 binds to the TRAPP complex via an N-terminal 103 amino acid region, and overexpression of this region inhibits both autophagy and secretory traffic. TRAPPC8, the mammalian orthologue of a yeast autophagy-specific TRAPP subunit, forms part of a mammalian TRAPPIII-like complex and both this complex and TBC1D14 are needed for RAB1 activation. TRAPPC8 modulates autophagy and secretory trafficking and is required for TBC1D14 to bind TRAPPIII. Importantly, TBC1D14 and TRAPPIII regulate ATG9 trafficking independently of ULK1. We propose a model whereby TBC1D14 and TRAPPIII regulate a constitutive trafficking step from peripheral recycling endosomes to the early Golgi, maintaining the cycling pool of ATG9 required for initiation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lamb
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Group, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefanie Nühlen
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Delphine Judith
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Group, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David Frith
- The Francis Crick Institute Mass Spectrometry Core Technology Platform Clare Hall Laboratories, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- The Francis Crick Institute Mass Spectrometry Core Technology Platform Clare Hall Laboratories, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Christian Behrends
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Group, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Russo AJ, Mathiowetz AJ, Hong S, Welch MD, Campellone KG. Rab1 recruits WHAMM during membrane remodeling but limits actin nucleation. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:967-78. [PMID: 26823012 PMCID: PMC4791140 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small G-proteins regulate the recruitment and activation of WASP-family actin nucleation factors at the plasma membrane. The G-protein Rab1 interacts with the nucleation factor WHAMM to remodel internal membranes into tubules. Unlike other G-proteins that recruit nucleation factors, Rab1 inhibits actin assembly. Small G-proteins are key regulatory molecules that activate the actin nucleation machinery to drive cytoskeletal rearrangements during plasma membrane remodeling. However, the ability of small G-proteins to interact with nucleation factors on internal membranes to control trafficking processes has not been well characterized. Here we investigated roles for members of the Rho, Arf, and Rab G-protein families in regulating WASP homologue associated with actin, membranes, and microtubules (WHAMM), an activator of Arp2/3 complex–mediated actin nucleation. We found that Rab1 stimulated the formation and elongation of WHAMM-associated membrane tubules in cells. Active Rab1 recruited WHAMM to dynamic tubulovesicular structures in fibroblasts, and an active prenylated version of Rab1 bound directly to an N-terminal domain of WHAMM in vitro. In contrast to other G-protein–nucleation factor interactions, Rab1 binding inhibited WHAMM-mediated actin assembly. This ability of Rab1 to regulate WHAMM and the Arp2/3 complex represents a distinct strategy for membrane remodeling in which a Rab G-protein recruits the actin nucleation machinery but dampens its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Russo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Alyssa J Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Steven Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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Saraste J, Marie M. Intermediate Compartment: A Sorting Station between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CELL BIOLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7150006 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394447-4.20013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antón-Fernández A, León-Espinosa G, DeFelipe J, Muñoz A. Changes in the Golgi Apparatus of Neocortical and Hippocampal Neurons in the Hibernating Hamster. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:157. [PMID: 26696838 PMCID: PMC4678224 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibernating animals have been used as models to study several aspects of the plastic changes that occur in the metabolism and physiology of neurons. These models are also of interest in the study of Alzheimer's disease because the microtubule-associated protein tau is hyperphosphorylated during the hibernation state known as torpor, similar to the pretangle stage of Alzheimer's disease. Hibernating animals undergo torpor periods with drops in body temperature and metabolic rate, and a virtual cessation of neural activity. These processes are accompanied by morphological and neurochemical changes in neurons, which reverse a few hours after coming out of the torpor state. Since tau has been implicated in the structural regulation of the neuronal Golgi apparatus (GA) we have used Western Blot and immunocytochemistry to analyze whether the GA is modified in cortical neurons of the Syrian hamster at different hibernation stages. The results show that, during the hibernation cycle, the GA undergo important structural changes along with differential modifications in expression levels and distribution patterns of Golgi structural proteins. These changes were accompanied by significant transitory reductions in the volume and surface area of the GA elements during torpor and arousal stages as compared with euthermic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Antón-Fernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSICMadrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo León-Espinosa
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSICMadrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEUMadrid, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSICMadrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasMadrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSICMadrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain
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Connor MG, Pulsifer AR, Price CT, Abu Kwaik Y, Lawrenz MB. Yersinia pestis Requires Host Rab1b for Survival in Macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005241. [PMID: 26495854 PMCID: PMC4619670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the disease known as plague. During infection of macrophages Y. pestis actively evades the normal phagosomal maturation pathway to establish a replicative niche within the cell. However, the mechanisms used by Y. pestis to subvert killing by the macrophage are unknown. Host Rab GTPases are central mediators of vesicular trafficking and are commonly targeted by bacterial pathogens to alter phagosome maturation and killing by macrophages. Here we demonstrate for the first time that host Rab1b is required for Y. pestis to effectively evade killing by macrophages. We also show that Rab1b is specifically recruited to the Yersinia containing vacuole (YCV) and that Y. pestis is unable to subvert YCV acidification when Rab1b expression is knocked down in macrophages. Furthermore, Rab1b knockdown also altered the frequency of association between the YCV with the lysosomal marker Lamp1, suggesting that Rab1b recruitment to the YCV directly inhibits phagosome maturation. Finally, we show that Rab1b knockdown also impacts the pH of the Legionella pneumophila containing vacuole, another pathogen that recruits Rab1b to its vacuole. Together these data identify a novel role for Rab1b in the subversion of phagosome maturation by intracellular pathogens and suggest that recruitment of Rab1b to the pathogen containing vacuole may be a conserved mechanism to control vacuole pH. Yersinia pestis is the bacterial agent that causes the human disease known as plague. While often considered a historic disease, Y. pestis is endemic in rodent populations on several continents and the World Health Organization considers plague to be a reemerging disease. Much of the success of this pathogen comes from its ability to evade clearance by the innate immune system of its host. One weapon in the Y. pestis arsenal is its ability to resist killing when engulfed by macrophages. Upon invasion of macrophages, Y. pestis actively manipulates the cell to generate a protective vacuolar compartment, called the Yersinia containing vacuole (YCV) that allows the bacterium to evade the normal pathogen killing mechanisms of the macrophage. Here we demonstrate that the host protein Rab1b is recruited to the YCV and is required for Y. pestis to inhibit both the acidification and normal maturation of the phagosome to establish a protective niche within the cell. Rab1b is the first protein, either from the host or Y. pestis, shown to contribute to the biogenesis of the YCV. Furthermore, our data suggest a previously unknown impact of Rab1b recruitment in the phagosome maturation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Pulsifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kato S, Chen J, Cornog KH, Zhang H, Roberts JD. The Golgi apparatus regulates cGMP-dependent protein kinase I compartmentation and proteolysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C944-58. [PMID: 25855081 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00199.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI) is an important effector of cGMP signaling that regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and proliferation. PKGI has been detected in the perinuclear region of cells, and recent data indicate that proprotein convertases (PCs) typically resident in the Golgi apparatus (GA) can stimulate PKGI proteolysis and generate a kinase fragment that localizes to the nucleus and regulates gene expression. However, the role of the endomembrane system in PKGI compartmentation and processing is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PKGI colocalizes with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, GA cisterna, and trans-Golgi network proteins in pulmonary artery SMC and cell lines. Moreover, PKGI localizes with furin, a trans-Golgi network-resident PC known to cleave PKGI. ER protein transport influences PKGI localization because overexpression of a constitutively inactive Sar1 transgene caused PKGI retention in the ER. Additionally, PKGI appears to reside within the GA because PKGI immunoreactivity was determined to be resistant to cytosolic proteinase K treatment in live cells. The GA appears to play a role in PKGI proteolysis because overexpression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-associated cGMP kinase substrate, not only tethered heterologous PKGI-β to the ER and decreased its localization to the GA, but also diminished PKGI proteolysis and nuclear translocation. Also, inhibiting intra-GA protein transport with monensin was observed to decrease PKGI cleavage. These studies detail a role for the endomembrane system in regulating PKGI compartmentation and proteolysis. Moreover, they support the investigation of mechanisms regulating PKGI-dependent nuclear cGMP signaling in the pulmonary vasculature with Golgi dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kato
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Huili Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
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48
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Ishida M, Ohbayashi N, Fukuda M. Rab1A regulates anterograde melanosome transport by recruiting kinesin-1 to melanosomes through interaction with SKIP. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8238. [PMID: 25649263 PMCID: PMC4316160 DOI: 10.1038/srep08238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles in melanocytes that are transported from the perinucleus to the cell periphery by coordination between bidirectional (anterograde and retrograde) microtubule-dependent transport and unidirectional actin-dependent transport. Although the molecular machineries that mediate retrograde transport and actin-dependent transport have already been identified, little is known about the anterograde transport complex on microtubules in mammalian cells. Here we discovered that small GTPase Rab1A on melanosomes recruits SKIP/PLEKHM2 as a Rab1A-specific effector and that Rab1A, SKIP, and a kinesin-1/(Kif5b+KLC2) motor form a transport complex that mediates anterograde melanosome transport in melanocytes. Interestingly, Arl8, Arf-like small GTPase that also interacts with SKIP, is specifically localized at lysosomes and regulates their anterograde transport in melanocytes. Our findings suggest that the anterograde microtubule-dependent transport of melanosomes and lysosomes are differently regulated by independent cargo receptors, i.e., Rab1A and Arl8, respectively, but that a SKIP–kinesin-1 mechanism is responsible for the transport of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morié Ishida
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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50
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Wong M, Munro S. Membrane trafficking. The specificity of vesicle traffic to the Golgi is encoded in the golgin coiled-coil proteins. Science 2014; 346:1256898. [PMID: 25359980 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a multicompartment central sorting station at the intersection of secretory and endocytic vesicular traffic. The mechanisms that permit cargo-loaded transport vesicles from different origins to selectively access different Golgi compartments are incompletely understood. We developed a rerouting and capture assay to investigate systematically the vesicle-tethering activities of 10 widely conserved golgin coiled-coil proteins. We find that subsets of golgins with distinct localizations on the Golgi surface have capture activities toward vesicles of different origins. These findings demonstrate that golgins act as tethers in vivo, and hence the specificity we find to be encoded in this tethering is likely to make a major contribution to the organization of membrane traffic at the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Wong
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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