1
|
Cuenca-Martínez F, Herranz-Gómez A, Varangot-Reille C, Bajcar EA, Adamczyk WM, Suso-Martí L, Bąbel P. Pain memory in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a meta-regression. Pain 2024; 165:1450-1463. [PMID: 38314811 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the accuracy of memory of pain and the variables that may influence it in children with acute, experimental, and chronic pain. We conducted a search in electronic databases from inception to February 11, 2022. Twelve observational studies and 3 randomized controlled studies were included in the study. The main outcome measure was the accuracy of the memory of the pain intensity (experienced/recalled). To compare the outcomes reported by the studies, we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) over time for the continuous variables. The overall meta-analysis showed a small effect size in favor of an overestimation of experienced pain intensity (SMD = 0.28). Subanalyzing per pain context, there was a small effect size in favor of overestimation in the clinical context (SMD = 0.33), but there was no evidence of any change in the accuracy of memory of pain in the experimental context (SMD = 0.07). The mean age of the participants and the proportion of girls significantly predicted the accuracy of the memory of pain. The period since the experienced pain measurement, the intensity of expected and recalled fear, trait anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity did not significantly predict the accuracy of the memory of pain. Children showed an overestimation in pain memory between the experienced and recalled intensity of acute pain, especially in a clinical context. Furthermore, only gender and age were predictors of the accuracy of pain memory. These results highlight the relevance of pain memory to medical practice and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Herranz-Gómez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Elżbieta A Bajcar
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Psychology, Pain Research Group, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wacław M Adamczyk
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Luis Suso-Martí
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Przemysław Bąbel
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Psychology, Pain Research Group, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pavlova M, Pirwani AF, Thomas J, Birnie KA, Wan M, Chambers CT, Noel M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parent-Led Memory-Reframing Intervention to Reduce Distress and Pain Associated with Vaccine Injections in Young Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1099. [PMID: 37508596 PMCID: PMC10378095 DOI: 10.3390/children10071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Children remember their memories of pain long after the painful experience is over. Those memories predict higher levels of future pain intensity. Young children's memories can be reframed to be less distressing. Parents and the way they reminisce about past events with their children play a key role in the formation of pain memories. A novel parent-led memory-reframing intervention changed children's memories of post-surgical pain to be less distressing. The intervention efficacy in the context of vaccine injections is unclear. This registered randomized controlled trial (NCT05217563) aimed to fill this gap. Seventy-four children aged 4.49 years (SD = 1.05) and scheduled to obtain two COVID-19 vaccine injections and one of their parents were randomized to receive: (1) standard care; (2) standard care and memory-reframing information; and (3) standard care and memory-reframing information with verbal instructions. Children reported their pain after vaccine injections. One week after the first vaccination, children reported memory of pain. Parents reported their use of memory-reframing strategies and intervention feasibility and acceptability. The intervention did not result in significant differences in children's recalled or future pain. Parents rated the intervention as acceptable and feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pavlova
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Atiqa F Pirwani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jody Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Meg Foundation, Denver, CO 80238, USA
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Owerko Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michelle Wan
- Solutions for Kids in Pain, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Owerko Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Braithwaite FA, Noel M, Jones HG, Wiese MD, Nania CG, Watson E, Stanton TR. Reframe the pain: Divided attention and positive memory reframing to reduce needle pain and distress in children-A feasibility randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1702-1722. [PMID: 35671133 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative experiences of needle procedures in childhood can lead to medical avoidance and vaccine hesitancy into adulthood. We evaluated the feasibility of two new interventions provided by clinical nurses to reduce the negative impact of vaccinations: divided attention (DA) and positive memory reframing (PMR). METHODS Children (8-12 years) were randomized into four groups: usual care (UC), DA, PMR or combined (DA + PMR). To evaluate feasibility, we undertook in-depth analysis of video-recorded interventions, nurse experiences (phone interviews) and child/parent memory recall of interventions (phone interviews at 2 weeks post-vaccination). Key clinical outcomes included child and parent ratings of needle-related pain intensity and fear assessed at baseline, immediately post-vaccination and 2 weeks post-vaccination (recalled). RESULTS A total of 54 child-parent dyads were screened, with 41 included (10/group, except PMR [n = 11]). The interventions were not always completed as intended: 10%-22% of participants received complete interventions and two had adverse events related to protocol breach. Preliminary within-group analyses showed no effects on child/parent pain ratings. However, children in DA + PMR had reduced recalled fear (p = 0.008), and PMR (p = 0.025) and DA + PMR (p = 0.003) had reduced fear of future needles. Parent ratings of child fear were also reduced immediately post-vaccination for UC (p = 0.035) and PMR (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The interventions were feasible, although enhanced nurse training is required to improve fidelity. Preliminary clinical results appear promising, particularly for reducing needle-related fear. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Protocol number ACTRN12618000687291 at ANZCTR.org.au SIGNIFICANCE: Two new nurse-led interventions to reduce negative impacts of vaccinations in children, divided attention and positive memory reframing, were feasible and may reduce needle-related fear. Nurses were able to deliver the interventions in various environments including non-clinical settings (schools). These interventions have potential to facilitate broader dissemination of vaccinations for children in a manner that minimizes distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicity A Braithwaite
- IIMPACT in Health, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hannah G Jones
- IIMPACT in Health, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychology, The University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Clinical & Health Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cara G Nania
- School and Applied Child Psychology, The University of Calgary, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily Watson
- IIMPACT in Health, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tasha R Stanton
- IIMPACT in Health, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pavlova M, Lund T, Sun J, Katz J, Brindle M, Noel M. A Memory-Reframing Intervention to Reduce Pain in Youth Undergoing Major Surgery: Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial of Feasibility and Acceptability. Can J Pain 2022; 6:152-165. [PMID: 35711298 PMCID: PMC9196744 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2022.2058919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three to 22% of youth undergoing surgery develop chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Negative biases in pain memories (i.e., recalling higher levels of pain as compared to initial reports) are a risk factor for CPSP development. Children’s memories for pain are modifiable. Existing memory-reframing interventions reduced negatively biased memories associated with procedural pain and pain after minor surgery. However, not one study has tested the feasibility and acceptability of the memory-reframing intervention in youth undergoing major surgery. Aims The current pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT; NCT03110367; clinicaltrials.gov) examined the feasibility and acceptability of, as well as adherence to, a memory reframing intervention. Methods Youth undergoing a major surgery reported their baseline and postsurgery pain levels. Four weeks postsurgery, youth and one of their parents were randomized to receive control or memory-reframing instructions. Following the instructions, parents and youth reminisced about the surgery either as they normally would (control) or using the memory-reframing strategies (intervention). Six weeks postsurgery, youth completed a pain memory interview; parents reported intervention acceptability. Four months postsurgery, youth reported their pain. Results Seventeen youth (76% girls, Mage = 14.1 years) completed the study. The intervention was feasible and acceptable. Parents, but not youth, adhered to the intervention principles. The effect sizes of the intervention on youth pain memories (ηp2 = 0.22) and pain outcomes (ηp2 = 0.23) were used to inform a larger RCT sample size. Conclusions Memory reframing is a promising avenue in pediatric pain research. Larger RCTs are needed to determine intervention efficacy to improve pain outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pavlova
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Tatiana Lund
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Jenny Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Brindle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute; Hotchkiss Brain Institute; Owerko Centre; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Child Cognitive Development: Building Positive Attitudes toward Dentists and Oral Health. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Pavlova M, Lund T, Nania C, Kennedy M, Graham S, Noel M. Reframe the Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parent-Led Memory-Reframing Intervention. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 23:263-275. [PMID: 34425247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Negatively-biased pain memories (ie, recalling more pain as compared to earlier reports) are a robust predictor of future pain experiences. This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of a memory-reframing intervention to reframe children's pain memories. Sixty-five children (54% girls, Mage=5.35 years) underwent a tonsillectomy and reported their levels of post-surgical pain intensity and pain-related fear. 2 weeks post-surgery, children and 1 of their parents were randomized to the memory-reframing intervention or control group. Following control/intervention instructions, parents and children reminisced about the past surgery as they normally would (control) or using the memory-reframing strategies (intervention). Children recalled their post-surgical pain intensity and pain-related fear one week later. Parents reported the intervention's acceptability. Recruitment statistics were used to assess feasibility. Controlling for initial pain intensity ratings and using the Faces Pain Scale Revised, children in the intervention group reported more accurate/positively-biased memories for day 1 post-surgery pain intensity (M = 2.60/10; 95% CI, 1.62 to 3.68), compared to children in the control group (M = 4.11/10; 95% CI, 3.12 to 5.03), ηp2 = .07, p = .040. The intervention was acceptable and feasible. Optimal parent-child reminiscing about a past pain experience resulted in children remembering their pain more accurately/positively. Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT03538730. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents results of the first randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of parent-led memory-reframing intervention to change children's memories for pain. Children of parents who were taught and engaged in optimal reminiscing about a past surgery experience remembered their pain intensity more accurately/positively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pavlova
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tatiana Lund
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cara Nania
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Madison Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Graham
- Owerko Centre and Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Owerko Centre, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kyriakidis I, Tsamagou E, Magos K. Play and medical play in teaching pre-school children to cope with medical procedures involving needles: A systematic review. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:491-499. [PMID: 33710698 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Most toddlers experience pain and distress during doctor or dental visits. Aim of this systematic review was to investigate the role of play-based interventions in pain and fear or distress management in pre-school children (aged from 2 to 6 years old) undergoing needle-related medical procedures adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (registration number: CRD42020192161). METHODS The key database that was searched was PubMed/MEDLINE along with references of relevant review studies. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that fulfilled inclusion and eligibility criteria were selected for analysis. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs and Review Manager version 5.4 was utilised in order to calculate standardised mean differences (SMDs) and create a forest plot for included studies that presented data on self-reported pain ratings. Primary outcomes refer to pain, anxiety and fear assessments, while secondary outcomes refer to physiological measures and cortisol levels. RESULTS All included RCTs suffered from high risk of bias that relied on selection and blinding methodology, while other sources of bias were also present in some cases. Despite low-quality of evidence, play-based interventions seem to favour less self-reported pain (SMD -0.39; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.12; I2 = 84%). CONCLUSION Limitations of evidence, except from high risk of bias, include inconsistency in reporting primary outcome assessments and study designs that preclude reproducibility. Play-based techniques seem to contribute to pre-schoolers' coping towards needle-related medical procedures and further research is warranted in order to explore clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kyriakidis
- Hematology Oncology Unit, Second Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University General Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Pediatrics, 404 General Military Hospital, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tsamagou
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Magos
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dow B, Kenardy J, Long D, Le brocque R. Children's post‐traumatic stress and the role of memory following admission to intensive care: A review. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Dow
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Justin Kenardy
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Deborah Long
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robyne Le brocque
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pavlova M, Orr SL, Noel M. Parent-Child Reminiscing about Past Pain as a Preparatory Technique in the Context of Children's Pain: A Narrative Review and Call for Future Research. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7090130. [PMID: 32906595 PMCID: PMC7552681 DOI: 10.3390/children7090130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pain permeates childhood and remains inadequately and/or inconsistently managed. Existing research and clinical practice guidelines have largely focused on factors influencing the immediate experience of pain. The need for and benefits of preparing children for future pain (e.g., painful procedures) has been well established. Despite being a robust predictor of future pain and distress, memories of past painful experiences remain overlooked in pediatric pain management. Just as autobiographical memories prepare us for the future, children’s memories for past pain can be harnessed to prepare children for future painful experiences. Children’s pain memories are malleable and can be reframed to be less distressing, thus reducing anticipatory distress and promoting self-efficacy. Parents are powerful agents of change in the context of pediatric pain and valuable historians of children’s past painful experiences. They can alter children’s pain memories to be less distressing simply by talking, or reminiscing, about past pain. This narrative review summarizes existing research on parent–child reminiscing in the context of acute and chronic pediatric pain and argues for incorporation of parent–child reminiscing elements into preparatory interventions for painful procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pavlova
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Serena L. Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada;
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-4969
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wauters A, Noel M, Van Ryckeghem DML, Sanchez‐Lopez A, Vervoort T. Parental (non‐)pain attending verbalizations moderate the relationship between child attention and memory bias for pain. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1797-1811. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Wauters
- Department of Experimental‐Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology Hotchkiss Brain InstituteAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Dimitri M. L. Van Ryckeghem
- Department of Experimental‐Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences University of Luxembourg Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Alvaro Sanchez‐Lopez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Tine Vervoort
- Department of Experimental‐Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The role of narrative in the development of children's pain memories: influences of father- and mother-child reminiscing on children's recall of pain. Pain 2020; 160:1866-1875. [PMID: 31335654 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Negatively biased memories for pain (ie, recalled pain is higher than initial report) robustly predict future pain experiences. During early childhood, parent-child reminiscing has been posited as playing a critical role in how children's memories are constructed and reconstructed; however, this has not been empirically demonstrated. This study examined the role of parent-child reminiscing about a recent painful surgery in young children's pain memory development. Participants included 112 children (Mage = 5.3 years; 60% boys) who underwent a tonsillectomy and one of their parents (34% fathers). Pain was assessed in hospital and during the recovery phase at home. Two weeks after surgery, parents and children attended a laboratory visit to participate in a structured narrative elicitation task wherein they reminisced about the surgery. Four weeks after surgery, children completed an established pain memory interview using the same previously administered scales through telephone. Narratives were coded for style (elaboration) and content (pain and emotion) based on coding schemes drawn from the developmental psychology literature. Findings revealed that a more elaborative parental reminiscing style in addition to greater use of emotional words predicted more accurate/positively biased pain memories. Greater parental use of pain words predicted more negatively biased pain memories. Although there were no sex and parent-role differences in pain memory biases, mothers and fathers differed in how they reminisced with their boys vs girls. This research underscores the importance of parent-child reminiscing in children's pain memory development and may be used to inform the development of a parent-led memory reframing intervention to improve pediatric pain management.
Collapse
|
12
|
Parrish C, Bartolini E, Song Y, Hernandez E, Green K, Ostrander R. Pediatric medical psychology. Int Rev Psychiatry 2020; 32:284-297. [PMID: 32091271 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1705258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric medical psychology is a specialised field within clinical health psychology focussed on the behavioural, developmental, and psychological needs of children, adolescents, and families in healthcare contexts. Paediatric medical psychologists address a myriad of problems by employing evidence-based evaluations and interventions in order to support the well-being of paediatric patients and their families. In this paper, we provide an overview of paediatric medical psychology including the education and training required to be a paediatric psychologist followed by common problems addressed by paediatric psychology, the settings paediatric psychologists work in, and the services they provide. Discussion concludes with future application of integrating paediatric psychology throughout the continuum of care to optimise adjustment and health of paediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carisa Parrish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Bartolini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youlim Song
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Hernandez
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Green
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rick Ostrander
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jaaniste T, Noel M, Yee RD, Bang J, Tan AC, Champion GD. Why Unidimensional Pain Measurement Prevails in the Pediatric Acute Pain Context and What Multidimensional Self-Report Methods Can Offer. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E132. [PMID: 31810283 PMCID: PMC6956370 DOI: 10.3390/children6120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although pain is widely recognized to be a multidimensional experience and defined as such, unidimensional pain measurement focusing on pain intensity prevails in the pediatric acute pain context. Unidimensional assessments fail to provide a comprehensive picture of a child's pain experience and commonly do little to shape clinical interventions. The current review paper overviews the theoretical and empirical literature supporting the multidimensional nature of pediatric acute pain. Literature reporting concordance data for children's self-reported sensory, affective and evaluative pain scores in the acute pain context has been reviewed and supports the distinct nature of these dimensions. Multidimensional acute pain measurement holds particular promise for identifying predictive markers of chronicity and may provide the basis for tailoring clinical management. The current paper has described key reasons contributing to the widespread use of unidimensional, rather than multidimensional, acute pediatric pain assessment protocols. Implications for clinical practice, education and future research are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Jaaniste
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Renee D. Yee
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Joseph Bang
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | | | - G. David Champion
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A randomized clinical trial comparing Hall vs conventional technique in placing preformed metal crowns from Sudan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217740. [PMID: 31158253 PMCID: PMC6546341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high success rates of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) in children no randomized clinical trials compare methods of placement and none describe its use in Africa. Our aim was to compare survival and cost-effectiveness of PMCs placed by conventional techniques (CT) and biological Hall techniques (HT) using a prospective randomized control trial in a general dental practice from Khartoum. One hundred and nine and 103 PMCs were placed in randomly selected children (5-8years) with 1–2 carious primary molars using HT and CT respectively and followed for 2 years. Socioeconomic status, periodontal health, occlusion, anxiety, and procedure time were compared using student t-test. Kaplan–Meier survival rates and incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) were compared between CT and HT. CT and HT groups were similar for age, gender, socio-economic status. Survival rates were high (over 90%) for both study arms and not statistically different (p>0.05). Anxiety scores were significantly higher in CT arm after 12 months compared to HT (p<0.001). Clinically, gingival and plaque indices were similar between groups (p>0.05) but occlusions were raised in nearly all subjects in the HT arm (p<0.05). Periodontal health improved, and occlusions adjusted over time in both arms. There were 3 (2.7%) and 6 (5.8%) minor failures, 7 (6.4%) and 6 (5.8%) major failures in HT and CT arms respectively. Mean procedure time was lower in HT (9.1 min) than CT (33.9 min); p<0.001. Mean PMC cost was US$2.45 and US$7.81 for HT and CT respectively. The ICER was US$136.56 more for each PMC placed by CT per life year. We show that PMCs have high survival outcomes in disadvantaged populations similar to results from developed countries. As HT can be carried out by less experienced dental operators and therapists, this biological approach provides a promising cost-effective option to manage caries in developing countries with limited resources. Trial registration: The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrial.gov Trial Registration: NCT03640013
Collapse
|
15
|
Remembering the pain of surgery 1 year later: a longitudinal examination of anxiety in children's pain memory development. Pain 2019; 160:1729-1739. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
16
|
Stahlschmidt L, Hübner-Möhler B, Dogan M, Wager J. Pain Self-Efficacy Measures for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 44:530-541. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Stahlschmidt
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital Datteln
- Department of Children’s Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine
| | - Bettina Hübner-Möhler
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital Datteln
- Department of Children’s Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine
| | - Meltem Dogan
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital Datteln
- Department of Children’s Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine
| | - Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children’s and Adolescents’ Hospital Datteln
- Department of Children’s Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Birnie KA, Noel M, Chambers CT, Uman LS, Parker JA. Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 10:CD005179. [PMID: 30284240 PMCID: PMC6517234 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005179.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the second update of a Cochrane Review (Issue 4, 2006). Pain and distress from needle-related procedures are common during childhood and can be reduced through use of psychological interventions (cognitive or behavioral strategies, or both). Our first review update (Issue 10, 2013) showed efficacy of distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. SEARCH METHODS We searched six electronic databases for relevant trials: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; PsycINFO; Embase; Web of Science (ISI Web of Knowledge); and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). We sent requests for additional studies to pediatric pain and child health electronic listservs. We also searched registries for relevant completed trials: clinicaltrials.gov; and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int.trialsearch). We conducted searches up to September 2017 to identify records published since the last review update in 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA We included peer-reviewed published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least five participants per study arm, comparing a psychological intervention with a control or comparison group. Trials involved children aged two to 19 years undergoing any needle-related medical procedure. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors extracted data and assessed risks of bias using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool. We examined pain and distress assessed by child self-report, observer global report, and behavioral measurement (primary outcomes). We also examined any reported physiological outcomes and adverse events (secondary outcomes). We used meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of identified psychological interventions relative to a comparator (i.e. no treatment, other active treatment, treatment as usual, or waitlist) for each outcome separately. We used Review Manager 5 software to compute standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and GRADE to assess the quality of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 59 trials (20 new for this update) with 5550 participants. Needle procedures primarily included venipuncture, intravenous insertion, and vaccine injections. Studies included children aged two to 19 years, with few trials focused on adolescents. The most common psychological interventions were distraction (n = 32), combined cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 18), and hypnosis (n = 8). Preparation/information (n = 4), breathing (n = 4), suggestion (n = 3), and memory alteration (n = 1) were also included. Control groups were often 'standard care', which varied across studies. Across all studies, 'Risk of bias' scores indicated several domains at high or unclear risk, most notably allocation concealment, blinding of participants and outcome assessment, and selective reporting. We downgraded the quality of evidence largely due to serious study limitations, inconsistency, and imprecision.Very low- to low-quality evidence supported the efficacy of distraction for self-reported pain (n = 30, 2802 participants; SMD -0.56, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.33) and distress (n = 4, 426 participants; SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.18), observer-reported pain (n = 11, 1512 participants; SMD -0.62, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.23) and distress (n = 5, 1067 participants; SMD -0.72, 95% CI -1.41 to -0.03), and behavioral distress (n = 7, 500 participants; SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.04). Distraction was not efficacious for behavioral pain (n = 4, 309 participants; SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.69 to 0.03). Very low-quality evidence indicated hypnosis was efficacious for reducing self-reported pain (n = 5, 176 participants; SMD -1.40, 95% CI -2.32 to -0.48) and distress (n = 5, 176 participants; SMD -2.53, 95% CI -3.93 to -1.12), and behavioral distress (n = 6, 193 participants; SMD -1.15, 95% CI -1.76 to -0.53), but not behavioral pain (n = 2, 69 participants; SMD -0.38, 95% CI -1.57 to 0.81). No studies assessed hypnosis for observer-reported pain and only one study assessed observer-reported distress. Very low- to low-quality evidence supported the efficacy of combined CBT for observer-reported pain (n = 4, 385 participants; SMD -0.52, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.30) and behavioral distress (n = 11, 1105 participants; SMD -0.40, 95% CI -0.67 to -0.14), but not self-reported pain (n = 14, 1359 participants; SMD -0.27, 95% CI -0.58 to 0.03), self-reported distress (n = 6, 234 participants; SMD -0.26, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.04), observer-reported distress (n = 6, 765 participants; SMD 0.08, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.50), or behavioral pain (n = 2, 95 participants; SMD -0.65, 95% CI -2.36 to 1.06). Very low-quality evidence showed efficacy of breathing interventions for self-reported pain (n = 4, 298 participants; SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.86 to -0.22), but there were too few studies for meta-analysis of other outcomes. Very low-quality evidence revealed no effect for preparation/information (n = 4, 313 participants) or suggestion (n = 3, 218 participants) for any pain or distress outcome. Given only a single trial, we could draw no conclusions about memory alteration. Adverse events of respiratory difficulties were only reported in one breathing intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We identified evidence supporting the efficacy of distraction, hypnosis, combined CBT, and breathing interventions for reducing children's needle-related pain or distress, or both. Support for the efficacy of combined CBT and breathing interventions is new from our last review update due to the availability of new evidence. The quality of trials and overall evidence remains low to very low, underscoring the need for improved methodological rigor and trial reporting. Despite low-quality evidence, the potential benefits of reduced pain or distress or both support the evidence in favor of using these interventions in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Birnie
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Factors Contributing to Memory of Acute Pain in Older Adults Undergoing Planned and Unplanned Hip Surgery. Clin J Pain 2017; 34:543-551. [PMID: 29189216 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research on pain memory provides inconsistent evidence about the accuracy of pain recall, and few studies have attempted to examine broad affective and contextual contributions to this phenomenon. The present research aimed to determine the accuracy of postoperative pain recall after 3 months, with respect to the context of the surgery and the congruence of affective states concurrent with the initial experience and its recall. The study also aimed to identify predictors of remembered pain by analyzing a range of sensory, cognitive, and affective factors. METHODS Older adults, undergoing planned (N=40) and unplanned hip surgery (N=31), were enrolled in this prospective study to investigate their presurgery, postsurgery, and delayed ratings of expected, experienced, and recalled pain intensity and unpleasantness, state anxiety, and positive and negative affect. RESULTS Memory of postoperative pain was found to be accurate, regardless of the context of the surgery. Affective states in the postoperative period were congruent with those during pain recall. The study also revealed that in planned surgery context, remembered pain was predicted by experienced postoperative pain, cognitive functions, positive and negative affect; whereas in unplanned surgery context its significant predictors included age, anxiety, and negative and positive affect. DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest that older orthopedic patients remember postoperative pain correctly after 3 months and that mood dependence effect may contribute to memory of pain. Pain recall after planned surgery seems to depend mainly on the actual experience, while following unplanned surgery it depends on affective factors. Present findings contribute to knowledge about pain memory in older adults and have implications for patients' recovery and best practice in perioperative hospital care.
Collapse
|
19
|
Karnaze MM, Levine LJ, Schneider M. Misremembering Past Affect Predicts Adolescents' Future Affective Experience During Exercise. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2017; 88:316-328. [PMID: 28494196 PMCID: PMC5844468 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2017.1317322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing physical activity among adolescents is a public health priority. Because people are motivated to engage in activities that make them feel good, this study examined predictors of adolescents' feelings during exercise. METHOD During the 1st semester of the school year, we assessed 6th-grade students' (N = 136) cognitive appraisals of the importance of exercise. Participants also reported their affect during a cardiovascular fitness test and recalled their affect during the fitness test later that semester. During the 2nd semester, the same participants rated their affect during a moderate-intensity exercise task. RESULTS Affect reported during the moderate-intensity exercise task was predicted by cognitive appraisals of the importance of exercise and by misremembering affect during the fitness test as more positive than it actually was. This memory bias mediated the association between appraising exercise as important and experiencing a positive change in affect during the moderate-intensity exercise task. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the roles of both cognitive appraisals and memory as factors that may influence affect during exercise. Future work should explore whether affect during exercise can be modified by targeting appraisals and memories related to exercise experiences.
Collapse
|
20
|
Noel M, Rabbitts JA, Fales J, Chorney J, Palermo TM. The influence of pain memories on children's and adolescents' post-surgical pain experience: A longitudinal dyadic analysis. Health Psychol 2017; 36:987-995. [PMID: 28726472 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although children's pain memories have been shown to be a powerful predictor of subsequent pain experiences in acute procedural and experimental pain settings, little is known about the influence of children's and parents' pain memories on children's future pain experiences in other painful contexts. This study used a dyadic approach to examine the roles of children's and parents' memories of pain on their subsequent reporting of postsurgical pain several months after the child underwent a major surgical procedure. METHOD The sample included 66 parent-child dyads (Mage youth = 14.73 years, SD = 2.01) recruited from 2 tertiary level pediatric hospitals. At baseline, children and parents reported on their catastrophic thinking about the child's pain. Parent and child reports of child pain were collected at approximately 1 month and 5 months postsurgery. At 2-4 months postsurgery, children's and parents' memories for postsurgical pain were assessed. RESULTS Results revealed that children's, but not parents', pain memories were a strong predictor of subsequent pain experienced at 5 months postsurgery. Children's and parents' memories for pain did not influence each others' subsequent pain reporting. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that children's pain memories influence their continued recovery from postsurgical pain and may contribute to pain persistence. Implications for intervention and prevention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A Rabbitts
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Jessica Fales
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University
| | - Jill Chorney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Psychology, Dalhousie University
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Accuracy of Children's Perioperative Memories. AORN J 2017; 105:605-612. [PMID: 28554357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aorn.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Children's declarative memories of medical procedures can influence their responses to subsequent events. No previous study has examined the accuracy of children's declarative memories after surgery. We tested the memory of 34 anesthesia-naïve five- to nine-year-old children undergoing ambulatory surgery for accuracy of contextual details, pain, and fear two weeks postoperatively. Parents were not present during induction, and we did not use sedative premedication. Children had a mean contextual recall accuracy of 64.5%. Most children (60.6%) remembered a prompt that was given one minute after receiving nitrous oxide. Children's memories of pain and fear were similar to their reported pain and fear on the day of surgery. Of 29 children, 6 (20.7%) exaggerated their memory of fear, and 8 of 22 children (36.4%) exaggerated their memory of pain. Although a small proportion of children had exaggerated memories, there was no evidence of consistent bias in their memory of fear or pain.
Collapse
|
22
|
Noel M, McMurtry CM, Pavlova M, Taddio A. Brief Clinical Report: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Pain Memory-reframing Interventions for Children's Needle Procedures. Pain Pract 2017; 18:123-129. [DOI: 10.1111/papr.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology; University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - C. Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
- Pediatric Chronic Pain Program; McMaster Children's Hospital; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Paediatrics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Maria Pavlova
- Department of Psychology; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Anna Taddio
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yinger OS. Music Therapy as Procedural Support for Young Children Undergoing Immunizations: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Music Ther 2016; 53:336-363. [PMID: 27535171 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children undergoing routine immunizations frequently experience severe distress, which may be improved through music therapy as procedural support. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine effects of live, cognitive-behavioral music therapy during immunizations on (a) the behaviors of children, their parents, and their nurses; and (b) parental perceptions. METHODS Participants were children between the ages of 4 and 6 years (N = 58) who underwent immunizations, their parents (N = 62), and the nurses who administered the procedure (N = 19). Parent/child dyads were randomly assigned to receive music therapy (n = 29) or standard care (n = 29) during their immunization. Afterward, each parent rated their child's level of pain and the distress their child experienced compared to previous medical experiences. All procedures were videotaped and later viewed by trained observers, who classified child, parent, and nurse behaviors using the categories of the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised (CAMPIS-R). RESULTS Significant differences between the music therapy and control groups were found in rates of child coping and distress behaviors and parent distress-promoting behaviors. Parents of children who received music therapy reported that their child's level of distress was less than during previous medical experiences, whereas parents of children in the control group reported that their child's level of distress was greater. No significant differences between groups were found in parents' ratings of children's pain or in rates of nurse behavior. CONCLUSIONS Live, cognitive-behavioral music therapy has potential benefits for young children and their parents during immunizations.
Collapse
|
24
|
Young children's ability to report on past, future, and hypothetical pain states: a cognitive-developmental perspective. Pain 2016; 157:2399-2409. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Safer MA, Levine LJ, Drapalski AL. Distortion in Memory for Emotions: The Contributions of Personality and Post-Event Knowledge. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/014616702237577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Undergraduates (N = 189) rated their test anxiety and emotions immediately before a midterm examination and recalled those feelings 1 week later. Students who learned they had done well on the exam underestimated, and those who learned they had done poorly overestimated, pre-exam test anxiety. Personality traits and emotional states together predicted memory distortion. Specifically, traits predicted the intensity of pre-exam states, such as test anxiety, which in turn predicted later distortion in recalling pre-exam negative and positive emotions. Also, students with positive personality traits were particularly likely to be influenced by current feelings when recalling test anxiety. Overestimating pre-midterm test anxiety predicted intentions to study more as well as feelings of unpleasantness just prior to the final exam.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant neoplasms of the lymphoid or myeloid cell lines including lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma are referred to as haematological malignancies. Complementary and alternative treatment options such as meditation practice or yoga are becoming popular by treating all aspects of the disease including physical and psychological symptoms. However, there is still unclear evidence about meditation's effectiveness, and how its practice affects the lives of haematologically-diseased patients. OBJECTIVES This review aims to assess the benefits and harms of meditation practice as an additional treatment to standard care for adults with haematological malignancies. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 8, 2015), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2015), databases of ongoing trials, the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (http://www.controlled-trials.com/mrct/), conference proceedings of annual meetings of: the American Society of Hematology; American Society of Clinical Oncology; European Hematology Association; European Congress for Integrative Medicine; and Global Advances in Health and Medicine (2010 to 2015). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using meditation practice for adult patients with haematological malignancies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data from eligible studies and assessed the risk of bias according to predefined criteria. We evaluated quality of life and depression. The other outcomes of overall survival, anxiety, fatigue, quality of sleep and adverse events could not be evaluated, because they were not assessed in the included trial. MAIN RESULTS We included only one small trial published as an abstract article. The included study investigated the effects of meditation practice on patients newly hospitalised with acute leukaemia. Ninety-one participants enrolled in the study, but only 42 participants remained in the trial throughout the six-month follow-up period and were eligible for analysis. There was no information provided about the average age and sex of the study population. We found a high risk for attrition bias and unclear risk for reporting bias, performance and detection bias because of missing data due to abstract publication only, thus we judged the overall risk of bias as high. According to the GRADE criteria, we judged the overall quality of the body of evidence for all predefined outcomes as 'very low', due to the extent of missing data on the study population, and the small sample size.As the abstract publication did not provide numbers and results except P values, we are not able to give more details.Meditation practice might be beneficial for the quality of life of haematologically-diseased patients, with higher scores for participants in the mediation arms compared to the participants in the usual care control group (low quality of evidence). Levels of depression decreased for those practising meditation in both the spiritually-framed meditation group and the secularly-focused meditation group in comparison to the usual care control group, whose levels of depression remained constant (low quality of evidence). The influence of meditation practice on overall survival, fatigue, anxiety, quality of sleep and adverse events remained unclear, as these outcomes were not evaluated in the included trial. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS To estimate the effects of meditation practice for patients suffering from haematological malignancies, more high quality randomised controlled trials are needed. At present there is not enough information available on the effects of meditation in haematologically-diseased patients to draw any conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Salhofer
- University Hospital of CologneCochrane Haematological Malignancies Group, Department I of Internal MedicineCologneGermany
| | - Andrea Will
- University Hospital of CologneCochrane Haematological Malignancies Group, Department I of Internal MedicineCologneGermany
| | - Ina Monsef
- University Hospital of CologneCochrane Haematological Malignancies Group, Department I of Internal MedicineCologneGermany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- University Hospital of CologneCochrane Haematological Malignancies Group, Department I of Internal MedicineCologneGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Remembering pain after surgery: a longitudinal examination of the role of pain catastrophizing in children's and parents' recall. Pain 2016; 156:800-808. [PMID: 25630028 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children's memories for pain play a powerful role in their pain experiences. Parents' memories may also influence children's pain experiences, by influencing parent-child interactions about pain and children's cognitions and behaviors. Pain catastrophizing of children and parents has been implicated as a factor underlying memory biases; however, this has not been empirically examined. The current longitudinal study is the first to examine the role of pain catastrophizing of children and parents in the development of their pain memories after surgery. Participants were 49 youth (32 girls) aged 10 to 18 years undergoing major surgery and their parents. One week before surgery, children and parents completed measures of pain catastrophizing. Two weeks after surgery (the acute recovery period), children and parents completed measures of child pain intensity and affect. Two to 4 months after surgery, children's and parents' memories of child pain intensity and affect were elicited. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that over and above covariates, parent catastrophizing about their child's pain (magnification, rumination) accounted for a significant portion of variance in children's affective and parents' sensory pain memories. Although parent catastrophizing had a direct effect on pain memories, mediation analyses revealed that child catastrophizing (helplessness) indirectly influenced children's and parents' pain memories through the child's postoperative pain experience. Findings highlight that aspects of catastrophic thinking about child pain before surgery are linked to distressing pain memories several months later. Although both child and parent catastrophizing influence pain memory development, parent catastrophizing is most influential to both children's and parents' evolving cognitions about child pain.
Collapse
|
28
|
Marche TA, Briere JL, von Baeyer CL. Children's Forgetting of Pain-Related Memories. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 41:220-31. [PMID: 26666267 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given that forgetting negative experiences can help children cope with these experiences, we examined their ability to forget negative aspects of painful events. METHODS 86 children aged 7-15 years participated in a retrieval-induced forgetting task whereby they repeatedly retrieved positive details of a physically painful experience, and an experimental pain task (cold-pressor task). RESULTS Repeatedly retrieving positive details of a prior pain experience produced forgetting of the negative aspects of that experience. Pain-related self-efficacy predicted retrieval-induced forgetting; children with a poorer belief in their ability to cope with pain experienced less forgetting. Children who had a more difficult time forgetting prior negative experiences were more anxious about the pain task and reported higher pain thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Understanding children's memory for painful experiences may help improve their pain management and coping ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy A Marche
- Department of Psychology, Arts, and Science, University of Saskatchewan
| | - Jennifer L Briere
- Department of Psychology, Arts, and Science, University of Saskatchewan
| | - Carl L von Baeyer
- Department of Psychology, Arts, and Science, University of Saskatchewan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Noel M. Commentary: Harnessing the Fragility of Pain Memories to Help Children Forget: A New Avenue for Pediatric Psychology Interventions? J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 41:232-4. [PMID: 26666266 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Flowers SR, Birnie KA. Procedural Preparation and Support as a Standard of Care in Pediatric Oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 Suppl 5:S694-723. [PMID: 26700922 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Youth with cancer undergo many repeated and invasive medical procedures that are often painful and highly distressing. A systematic review of published research since 1995 identified 65 papers (11 review articles and 54 empirical studies) that investigated preparatory information and psychological interventions for a variety of medical procedures in pediatric cancer. Distraction, combined cognitive-behavioral strategies, and hypnosis were identified as effective for reducing child pain and increasing child coping. Low- to high-quality evidence informed strong recommendations for all youth with cancer to receive developmentally appropriate preparatory information and psychological intervention for invasive medical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R Flowers
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salmon K, Reese E. Talking (or Not Talking) about the Past: The Influence of Parent-Child Conversation about Negative Experiences on Children's Memories. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Salmon
- School of Psychology; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Elaine Reese
- Department of Psychology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Noel M, Taddio A, McMurtry CM, Chambers CT, Pillai Riddell R, Shah V. HELPinKids&Adults Knowledge Synthesis of the Management of Vaccination Pain and High Levels of Needle Fear: Limitations of the Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research. Clin J Pain 2015; 31:S124-31. [PMID: 26352918 PMCID: PMC4900408 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The HELPinKids&Adults knowledge synthesis for the management of vaccination-related pain and high levels of needle fear updated and expanded upon the 2010 HELPinKIDS knowledge synthesis and clinical practice guideline for pain mitigation during vaccine injections in childhood. Interventions for vaccine pain management in adults and treatment of individuals with high levels of needle fear, phobias, or both were included, thereby broadening the reach of this work. The present paper outlines the overarching limitations of this diverse evidence base and provides recommendations for future research. Consistent with the framing of clinical questions in the systematic reviews, the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design (PICOAS) framework was used to organize these predominant issues and research directions. The major limitations we identified across systematic reviews were an overall dearth of trials on vaccination, lack of methodological rigor, failure to incorporate important outcomes, poor study reporting, and various sources of heterogeneity. Future research directions in terms of conducting additional trials in the vaccination context, improving methodological quality and rigor, assessment of global acceptability and feasibility of interventions, and inclusion of outcomes that stakeholders consider to be important (eg, compliance) are recommended. Given concerns about pain and fear are known contributors to vaccine hesitancy, improving and expanding this evidence base will be integral to broader efforts to improve vaccine compliance and public health worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Taddio
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, and Senior Associate Scientist, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - C. Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Associate Scientist, Children’s Health Research Institute, and Adjunct Researcher, Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Christine T. Chambers
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University & Centre for Pediatric Pain Research IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Rebecca Pillai Riddell
- York University, Toronto, Ontario; Scientific Staff, Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children; Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Toronto
| | - Vibhuti Shah
- Neonatologist and Epidemiologist, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Associate Professor, Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Remembering the pain of childhood: applying a developmental perspective to the study of pain memories. Pain 2015; 156:31-34. [PMID: 25599297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.0000000000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Brenner M, Treacy MP, Drennan J, Fealy G. Nurses' Perceptions of the Practice of Restricting a Child for a Clinical Procedure. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 24:1080-1089. [PMID: 24966199 DOI: 10.1177/1049732314541332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Restricting a child for a clinical procedure has been linked to negative physical and psychological sequelae. The practice of restriction remains an implicit and unquestioned aspect of care for children during a clinical procedure. In this study we aimed to describe the practice of restricting a child's movement for a clinical procedure by conducting focus groups with children's nurses. Data were analyzed using a thematic network analysis framework. The findings show that nurses are likely to restrict children based on particular characteristics of the child; for example, the child's age. The findings indicate that there is no consistent approach to the practice of restricting a child for a clinical procedure, suggesting tension between nurses and other health care professionals, and nurses and parents, about this practice. The findings suggest the need for wider exploration of the practice of restriction at the organizational level and a need for children's nurses to feel more empowered to act as advocates for those in their care.
Collapse
|
35
|
Armfield JM, Heaton LJ. Management of fear and anxiety in the dental clinic: a review. Aust Dent J 2014; 58:390-407; quiz 531. [PMID: 24320894 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People who are highly anxious about undergoing dental treatment comprise approximately one in seven of the population and require careful and considerate management by dental practitioners. This paper presents a review of a number of non-pharmacological (behavioural and cognitive) techniques that can be used in the dental clinic or surgery in order to assist anxious individuals obtain needed dental care. Practical advice for managing anxious patients is provided and the evidence base for the various approaches is examined and summarized. The importance of firstly identifying dental fear and then understanding its aetiology, nature and associated components is stressed. Anxiety management techniques range from good communication and establishing rapport to the use of systematic desensitization and hypnosis. Some techniques require specialist training but many others could usefully be adopted for all dental patients, regardless of their known level of dental anxiety. It is concluded that successfully managing dentally fearful individuals is achievable for clinicians but requires a greater level of understanding, good communication and a phased treatment approach. There is an acceptable evidence base for several non-pharmacological anxiety management practices to help augment dental practitioners providing care to anxious or fearful children and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Armfield
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Uman LS, Birnie KA, Noel M, Parker JA, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Kisely SR. Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD005179. [PMID: 24108531 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005179.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2006. Needle-related procedures are a common source of pain and distress for children. Our previous review on this topic indicated that a number of psychological interventions were efficacious in managing pediatric needle pain, including distraction, hypnosis, and combined cognitive behavioural interventions. Considerable additional research in the area has been published since that time. OBJECTIVES To provide an update to our 2006 review assessing the efficacy of psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. SEARCH METHODS Searches of the following databases were conducted for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs): Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; EMBASE; PsycINFO; the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); and Web of Science. Requests for relevant studies were also posted on various electronic list servers. We ran an updated search in March 2012, and again in March 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Participants included children and adolescents aged two to 19 years undergoing needle-related procedures. Only RCTs with at least five participants in each study arm comparing a psychological intervention group with a control or comparison group were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors extracted data and assessed trial quality and a third author helped with data extraction and coding for one non-English study. Included studies were coded for quality using the Cochrane Risk of bias tool. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were computed for all analyses using Review Manager 5.2 software. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-nine trials with 3394 participants were included. The most commonly studied needle procedures were venipuncture, intravenous (IV) line insertion, and immunization. Studies included children aged two to 19 years, with the most evidence available for children under 12 years of age. Consistent with the original review, the most commonly studied psychological interventions for needle procedures were distraction, hypnosis, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The majority of included studies (19 of 39) examined distraction only. The additional studies from this review update continued to provide strong evidence for the efficacy of distraction and hypnosis. No evidence was available to support the efficacy of preparation and information, combined CBT (at least two or more cognitive or behavioural strategies combined), parent coaching plus distraction, suggestion, or virtual reality for reducing children's pain and distress. No conclusions could be drawn about interventions of memory alteration, parent positioning plus distraction, blowing out air, or distraction plus suggestion, as evidence was available from single studies only. In addition, the Risk of bias scores indicated several domains with high or unclear bias scores (for example, selection, detection, and performance bias) suggesting that the methodological rigour and reporting of RCTs of psychological interventions continue to have considerable room for improvement. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is strong evidence supporting the efficacy of distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents, with no evidence currently available for preparation and information or both, combined CBT, parent coaching plus distraction, suggestion, or virtual reality. Additional research is needed to further assess interventions that have only been investigated in one RCT to date (that is, memory alteration, parent positioning plus distraction, blowing out air, and distraction plus suggestion). There are continuing issues with the quality of trials examining psychological interventions for needle-related pain and distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Uman
- IWK Health Centre & Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Salmon K, Brown DA. Medical Settings as a Context for Research on Cognitive Development. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2013.772514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
38
|
Shockey DP, Menzies V, Glick DF, Taylor AG, Boitnott A, Rovnyak V. Preprocedural Distress in Children With Cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2013; 30:129-38. [DOI: 10.1177/1043454213479035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children diagnosed with cancer experience many invasive procedures throughout diagnosis and treatment of their disease. These procedures, oftentimes a source of distress in children, can elicit a variety of anticipatory symptoms prior to the actual procedure. Although there have been efforts to develop approaches to alleviate this distress through use of distraction, relaxation, sedation, guided imagery, and hypnosis, there has not been a combination treatment that merged relaxation techniques and biofeedback within a pediatric framework. A group of 12 children diagnosed with cancer participated in a 4-session intervention combining relaxation and biofeedback. This feasibility study suggests that the combination intervention offered in a clinical setting may be beneficial to children experiencing procedural distress as a novel coping strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amy Boitnott
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brenner M. A Need to Protect: Parents’ Experiences of the Practice of Restricting a Child for a Clinical Procedure in Hospital. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:5-16. [DOI: 10.3109/01460862.2013.768312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
40
|
Noel M, Chambers CT, Petter M, McGrath PJ, Klein RM, Stewart SH. Pain is not over when the needle ends: a review and preliminary model of acute pain memory development in childhood. Pain Manag 2012; 2:487-97. [DOI: 10.2217/pmt.12.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Over the past several decades, the field of pediatric pain has made impressive advances in our understanding of the pain experience of the developing child, as well as the devastating impact of inadequately managed pain early in life. It is now well recognized that, from infancy, children are capable of developing implicit memories of pain that can influence their subsequent reactions to pain. The present review provides a synthesis of selected studies that made a significant impact on this field of inquiry, with particular emphasis on recent clinical and laboratory-based experimental research examining children’s explicit autobiographical memories for acute pain. Research has begun to move towards improving the precision with which children at risk for developing negatively estimated pain memories can be identified, given the adverse influence these memories can have on subsequent pain experiences. As such, several fear- and anxiety-related child and parent variables implicated in this process are discussed, and avenues for future research and clinical intervention are identified throughout. Finally, a preliminary empirically and theoretically derived model of acute pain memory development in childhood is presented to parsimoniously summarize the evidence accumulated to date and guide future investigation in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980, University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, 8th floor, Abbie J Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Mark Petter
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980, University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980, University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, 8th floor, Abbie J Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E2, Canada
- Research, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Raymond M Klein
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, 8th floor, Abbie J Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E2, Canada
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Noel M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Klein RM, Stewart SH. The influence of children’s pain memories on subsequent pain experience. Pain 2012; 153:1563-1572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
Levine LJ, Schmidt S, Kang HS, Tinti C. Remembering the silver lining: Reappraisal and positive bias in memory for emotion. Cogn Emot 2012; 26:871-84. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2011.625403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
43
|
Noel M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Klein RM, Stewart SH. The Role of State Anxiety in Children's Memories for Pain. J Pediatr Psychol 2012; 37:567-79. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jss006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
44
|
Safety of high-concentration nitrous oxide by nasal mask for pediatric procedural sedation: experience with 7802 cases. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011; 27:1107-12. [PMID: 22134227 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0b013e31823aff6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nitrous oxide is an effective sedative/analgesic for mildly to moderately painful pediatric procedures. This study evaluated the safety of nitrous oxide administered at high concentration (up to 70%) for procedural sedation. METHODS This prospective, observational study included all patients younger than 18 years who received nitrous oxide for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures at a metropolitan children's facility. Patients' age, highest concentration and total duration of nitrous oxide administration, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Nitrous oxide was administered on 7802 occasions to 5779 patients ranging in age from 33 days to 18 years (median, 5.0 years) during the 5.5-year study period. No adverse events were recorded for 95.7% of cases. Minor adverse events included nausea (1.6%), vomiting (2.2%), and diaphoresis (0.4%). Nine patients had potentially serious events, all of which resolved without incident. There was no difference in adverse event rates between nitrous oxide less than or equal to 50% and greater than 50% (P = 0.18). Patients aged 1 to 4 years had the lowest adverse event rate (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups younger than 1 year, 5 to 10 years, and 11 to 18 years. Compared with patients with less than 15 minutes of nitrous oxide administration, patients with 15 to 30 minutes or more than 30 minutes of nitrous oxide administration were 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 3.2-5.4) or 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-9.3) times more likely to have adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Nitrous oxide can be safely administered at up to 70% concentration by nasal mask for pediatric procedural sedation, particularly for short (<15 minutes) procedures. Nitrous oxide seems safe for children of all ages.
Collapse
|
45
|
Foster RL, Park JH. An integrative review of literature examining psychometric properties of instruments measuring anxiety or fear in hospitalized children. Pain Manag Nurs 2011; 13:94-106. [PMID: 22652282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and fear are among the most frequently reported emotional responses to hospitalization and are known to be contributing factors to pain and other negative patient outcomes. The first step in confronting unnecessary anxiety and fear is to identify valid and clinically feasible assessment instruments. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate instruments that measure children's fear or anxiety associated with hospitalization or painful procedures. A search was conducted of published English-language literature from 1980 through 2010 with the use of Ovid Health and Psychosocial Instruments, Medline, Nursing/Academic Edition, Cinahl, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria specified that the self-report instrument: 1) was developed in English; 2) was developed for and/or widely used with hospitalized children or children undergoing medical procedures or treatment; and 3) had research evidence of psychometric properties from at least five different studies. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed only five fear or anxiety instruments with adequate testing for evaluation of reliability and validity. Although all instruments have beginning psychometric adequacy, no one tool stands out as superior to the others. Therefore, we recommend that researchers and clinicians exercise caution in choosing assessment instruments, balancing potential strengths with reported limitations. Using more than one tool (triangulating) may be one way to achieve more credible results. Knowledge of credible existing instruments alerts us to what is possible today and to the imperative for research that will improve communication with children tomorrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxie L Foster
- University of Colorado Denver College of Nursing, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In this article I discuss how false memories do not always have to be associated with negative outcomes. Indeed, under some circumstances, memory illusions, like other illusions more generally, can have positive consequences. I discuss these consequences in the context of the adaptive function of memory, including how false memories can have fitness-relevant benefits for subsequent behavior and problem solving. My hope is that this article changes how illusions are conceptualized, especially those arising from memory. Rather than being a “demon” that vexes our theories of memory, illusions can be thought of as sometimes having positive consequences much in the same way as many of the other outputs of a very powerful, adaptive memory system.
Collapse
|
47
|
Roberts RM, Shute R. Children's experience of living with a craniofacial condition: perspectives of children and parents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011; 16:317-34. [PMID: 20650974 DOI: 10.1177/1359104509355021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine the range of experiences of children living with a wide range of craniofacial anomalies (CFAs), from the perspectives of children and parents. We interviewed 26 young people and 28 parents about both stressors and positive aspects for young people of living with a CFA. Thematic analysis revealed four major stress-related themes (self-acceptance, responses of others, disabilities and impairments, and treatment). Positive themes included personal qualities and support. Psychological theories often applied to those with CFAs relate to attractiveness, stigma and teasing, but the present findings suggest that these are not as useful as the conceptualization of CFAs as chronic conditions which influence adaptive tasks. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Collapse
|
48
|
Landier W, Tse AM. Use of complementary and alternative medical interventions for the management of procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress in pediatric oncology: an integrative review. J Pediatr Nurs 2010; 25:566-79. [PMID: 21035021 PMCID: PMC4944826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This integrative review aims to identify evidence in four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsyINFO, and COCHRANE) regarding the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medical interventions, either alone or as an adjunct to pharmacological therapy, in alleviating procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress in children and adolescents with cancer. A total of 32 articles met inclusion criteria. Results suggest that mind-body interventions, including hypnosis, distraction, and imagery, may be effective, alone or as adjuncts to pharmacological interventions, in managing procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress in pediatric oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Landier
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
von Baeyer CL, Tupper SM. Procedural pain management for children receiving physiotherapy. Physiother Can 2010; 62:327-37. [PMID: 21886372 DOI: 10.3138/physio.62.4.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article provides an overview of literature relevant to the prevention and relief of pain and distress during physiotherapy procedures, with guidance for physiotherapists treating children. SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS Physiotherapists are generally well trained in assessing and managing pain as a symptom of injury or disease, but there is a need to improve the identification and management of pain produced by physiotherapy procedures such as stretching and splinting. In contrast to physiotherapy, other health care disciplines, such as dentistry, nursing, paediatrics, emergency medicine, and paediatric psychology, produce extensive literature on painful procedures. Procedural pain in children is particularly important because it can lead to later fear and avoidance of necessary medical care. RECOMMENDATIONS We emphasize the need for physiotherapists to recognize procedural pain and fear in the course of treatment using verbal, nonverbal, and contextual cues. We present many methods that physiotherapists can use to prevent or relieve procedural pain and fear in paediatric patients and provide an example of a simple, integrated plan for prevention and relief of distress induced by painful procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl L von Baeyer
- Susan M. Tupper, BScPT: PhD Candidate in Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Motta AB, Enumo SRF. Intervenção psicológica lúdica para o enfrentamento da hospitalização em crianças com câncer. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722010000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A avaliação de estratégias de enfrentamento é um recurso importante na elaboração de técnicas de intervenção adequadas à minimização do impacto psicológico do câncer infantil. Foram avaliados os efeitos comportamentais de um programa de intervenção psicológica lúdica em 12 crianças com câncer, de 7 a 12 anos, internadas em hospital público infantil. Utilizou-se o Instrumento Informatizado de Avaliação do Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEHcomp) em dois grupos: G1, submetido à intervenção psicológica lúdica centrada no enfrentamento e G2, submetido ao brincar livre tradicional. Na comparação intergrupos, não houve diferenças significativas nos comportamentos facilitadores e não-facilitadores avaliados no pré e pós-teste. Na comparação intragrupo, G1 diminuiu significativamente os comportamentos não-facilitadores no pós-teste, sugerindo possível efeito positivo do programa de intervenção centrado no problema.
Collapse
|