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Cusack SE, Bountress KE, Sheerin CM, Spit For Science Work Group, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. The longitudinal buffering effects of resilience on alcohol use outcomes. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2023; 15:1000-1011. [PMID: 34843351 PMCID: PMC9148383 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic events (TE) are a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Resilience may be protective of the effects of TE exposure, but few studies have longitudinally tested the buffering hypothesis. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this gap. METHOD Participants (N = 6,015) were from a longitudinal investigation into substance use and health outcomes at a large, urban university. Participants completed self-report measures on precollege internalizing symptoms and lifetime trauma load. Resilience was calculated as a quantitative variable. At each of the follow-up assessments, participants reported on past month consumption, AUD symptoms, and new onset TEs. Longitudinal path modeling was used to test interactions. RESULTS Higher new onset TE load was associated with greater AUD symptoms, and higher consumption at one time-point. Results demonstrate a significant main effect of resilience at Y1S and Y3S, and a significant interaction between resilience and new onset TE at the last time-point, whereby higher levels of new onset TE were associated with higher levels of AUD symptoms at low (β = .19, p < .001), and average (β = .20, p = .001) levels of resilience. This effect was attenuated at high levels of resilience (β = .07, p = .051). No significant main nor interaction effects of resilience on consumption were found. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest resilience as an important protective factor in relation to the development of AUD symptoms after exposure to a TE, though perhaps less so in relation to consumption. Findings are consistent with prior work demonstrating that AUD symptoms are more clinically relevant than consumption in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Cusack
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Christina M Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Cusack SE, Bountress KE, Lind MJ, Hawn SE, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. Trauma exposure, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality: a latent growth curve model. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2126-2134. [PMID: 33258742 PMCID: PMC8166935 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1845181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relations among precollege trauma exposure, alcohol use upon entering college, growth in alcohol use, and sleep quality in a sample of undergraduate students. Participants were 932 students from a large, urban, public university. Participants completed a survey upon entering college and then subsequent follow-up surveys each Spring semester. Precollege trauma exposure was associated with both baseline and growth in alcohol use, whereby higher levels of trauma were associated with higher baseline alcohol use, but with less steep increases in growth rate, as compared to those with lower levels of trauma. Baseline alcohol use was associated with sleep quality whereby those with higher levels of consumption demonstrated worsened sleep quality. This study provides longitudinal evidence for the relations among trauma, alcohol use, and sleep quality. Although the relationship between trauma and alcohol is well-established, further work is needed to identify how this relationship impacts additional health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Cusack
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - K E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - M J Lind
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - S E Hawn
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - D M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - A B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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3
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Ayre E, Benson S, Garrisson H, Cox KHM, Verster JC, Scholey A. Effects of alcohol hangover on attentional resources during a verbal memory/psychomotor tracking dual attention task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2695-2704. [PMID: 35543714 PMCID: PMC9293845 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol hangover (AH) is associated with impaired attention and memory performance. However, whether this effect is related to reduced attentional resources remains unclear. AIMS A dual-attention paradigm was employed to assess the effects of AH on attentional resources, delayed memory recognition, and the interaction between attentional load and AH. Mental effort and perceived performance during AH and control conditions were also assessed. METHODS A seminaturalistic, crossover design was used. In total, 25 healthy social drinkers aged 18-35 years, visited the laboratory following a typical night out drinking (Hangover condition) and after alcohol abstinence (control) between 8:30 am and 12:30 pm, with conditions counterbalanced. Attentional load was manipulated via the presence (dual attention) or absence of psychomotor tracking during verbal memory encoding. Perceived mental effort and performance were measured using the NASA-TLX. Participants' recollected alcohol consumption was used to compute estimated blood alcohol level (eBAC). RESULTS Compared with the control visit, AH was associated with reduced recognition accuracy (particularly more false negatives), higher "tracking costs" (poorer accuracy) in the dual attention condition, increased ratings of "mental demand," "effort," and "frustration," and lower ratings of task performance. There was also a significant main effect of attentional load with poorer recognition accuracy and response time in the dual attention condition. There were no significant interaction effects between hangover and attentional load. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that reduced attentional resources contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with AH including impaired memory consolidation. They further suggest that while hungover, participants are aware of these deficits but are unable to compensate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ayre
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Harriet Garrisson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Katherine H. M. Cox
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia ,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia. .,Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Marsland P, Parrella A, Vore AS, Barney TM, Varlinskaya EI, Deak T. Male, but not female, Sprague Dawley rats display enhanced fear learning following acute ethanol withdrawal (hangover). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 208:173229. [PMID: 34246729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present studies investigated the effects of withdrawal from a single binge-like dose of ethanol (hangover) on fear conditioning in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. In Experiment 1, males and females were given 0 or 3.5 g/kg ethanol intraperitoneally (i.p.) and then conditioned to contextual fear 24 h post injection. Withdrawal from acute ethanol enhanced expression of the conditioned freezing response in males, but not in females. Experiment 2 demonstrated that in males, withdrawal from acute ethanol administered 24 h prior to conditioning enhanced contextual fear conditioning, but not auditory-cued fear conditioning. In Experiment 3, male and female rats were given 3.5 g/kg ethanol, and blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) were assessed at various time points for determination of ethanol clearance. Female rats cleared ethanol at a higher rate than males, with 10 h required for females and 14 for males to eliminate ethanol from their systems. Because females cleared ethanol faster than males, in Experiment 4, females were conditioned 18 h after ethanol administration to keep the interval between ethanol clearance and fear conditioning similar to that of males. Withdrawal from acute ethanol given 18 h prior to conditioning did not affect both contextual and auditory-cued fear conditioning in females. In summary, these results highlight sex differences in the impact of withdrawal from acute ethanol (hangover) on fear learning; suggesting that males are more sensitive to hangover-associated enhancement of negative affect than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Marsland
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Allissa Parrella
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Andrew S Vore
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Thaddeus M Barney
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Terrence Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States.
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Carpenter RW, Merrill JE. How much and how fast: Alcohol consumption patterns, drinking-episode affect, and next-day consequences in the daily life of underage heavy drinkers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108407. [PMID: 33257198 PMCID: PMC7750245 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how alcohol consumption patterns are associated with negative and positive outcomes can inform efforts to reduce negative consequences through modification of those patterns. This is important in underage drinkers, many of whom drink heavily despite negative consequences. Most work has focused on the amount of alcohol consumed, but amount provides limited information about consumption patterns compared to rate of consumption, or how fast individuals drink. We therefore examined associations of both amount and rate of consumption with negative and positive outcomes (immediate affective states and next-morning consequences) in daily life. METHOD Ninety-five college students aged 18-20 years completed ecological momentary assessment over 28 days. Participants reported number of standard drinks consumed and positive and negative affect hourly within drinking episodes. Estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) values were used to create amount and rate of consumption indicators. Each morning after drinking, participants reported negative (e.g., blackout, hangover) and positive (e.g., new friend, making others laugh) consequences. RESULTS Within drinking episodes, multilevel models showed faster consumption was associated with reduced negative affect and both larger amount and faster consumption were associated with greater positive affect. Further, amount and rate were both associated with greater likelihood of a negative consequence the next morning. Rate, but not amount, was associated with more positive consequences. CONCLUSIONS Not only how much but also how fast individuals drink may be important for the positive and negative outcomes they experience. Interventions to reduce negative alcohol-related outcomes should consider not only amount, but also rate of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Carpenter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 423 Stadler Hall, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Chavarria J, Rueger SY, King AC. Hangover in Post-College-Aged Drinkers: Psychometric Properties of the Hangover Symptom Scale (HSS) and the Hangover Symptom Scale-Short Form (HSS-5). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1122-1131. [PMID: 29660151 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol hangovers have been found to be a common and costly consequence of alcohol misuse. However, there is only limited psychometric support for instruments to accurately measure hangovers beyond the college-age years. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Hangover Symptom Scale (HSS) and the Hangover Symptom Scale-Short Form (HSS-5) including the internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, construct validity, and the measurement invariance of these scales between light and heavy drinkers, individuals with a positive and negative family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and men and women in a post-college-aged sample. The association of the HSS and HSS-5 with alcohol use problems was also tested. METHODS Participants were 294 nonalcoholic light and heavy social drinkers (age range 21 to 35 years; 57.8% male) enrolled in the Chicago Social Drinking Project. They completed the HSS as part of a take-home packet completed outside of the laboratory. The psychometric properties of the HSS and HSS-5 were tested. RESULTS Stronger psychometric support was found for the HSS-5 relative to the full HSS. While both measures demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and an association with alcohol use problems, only the HSS-5 showed construct validity as determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Further, only the HSS-5 showed measurement invariance between men and women, light and heavy drinkers, and individuals with a positive and negative family history of AUD. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to examine the psychometric properties of the HSS and HSS-5 in a post-college-aged sample and the first to investigate the measurement invariance of these measures as a function of sex, drinking history, and family history of AUD. This study supports the use of the HSS-5 as a reliable and valid brief measure of frequency of hangover symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Chavarria
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sandra Y Rueger
- Department of Psychology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois
| | - Andrea C King
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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The effects of alcohol hangover on future drinking behavior and the development of alcohol problems. Addict Behav 2018; 78:209-215. [PMID: 29216570 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol hangover experiences in young adulthood have been shown to predict more subsequent alcohol problems. Hangover susceptibility appears to be partially heritable and related to family history of alcohol use disorders. However, very little is known about the developmental course of these associations and whether they are accounted for by an individual's drinking history. The goal of this study is to investigate the prospective and unique relationships between family history of alcohol use disorders, severity of alcohol hangover experiences in adolescence, and later alcohol use and related problems measured over 13years. METHODS Participants were first assessed on family history at age 12-14, prior to initiating drinking, and re-assessed annually on hangover severity, drinks per drinking day (DPDD), and alcohol-related problems throughout the 13-year follow-up period (n=205; 59% male). RESULTS In mixed effects negative binomial regression models, greater family history density scores predicted more future DPDD (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]=1.19, p=0.04), alcohol problems (IRR=1.64, p=0.05), and future hangover severity (IRR=1.24; p=0.01). In turn, greater hangover severity predicted more future DPDD (IRR=1.03; p=0.002) and alcohol problems (IRR=1.12, p<0.001), and hangover severity mediated the relationship between family history and alcohol use/problems. All models controlled for participant age, sex, and past drinking behavior (where relevant). CONCLUSIONS These results advance the alcohol hangover experience during late adolescence as a clinically relevant and uniquely informative marker of future alcohol use and problems, above and beyond that of prior personal or familial drinking history.
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Stephens R, Grange JA, Jones K, Owen L. A critical analysis of alcohol hangover research methodology for surveys or studies of effects on cognition. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2223-36. [PMID: 24633471 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol hangover may be defined as an adverse effect of heavy alcohol consumption present after sufficient time has elapsed for the alcohol to have been eliminated from the blood. Understanding how hangover may impair performance is important for public safety; yet, there is relatively little hangover research. This paper outlines good practice for future studies. OBJECTIVES This paper presents a critical analysis of hangover methodology for surveys or studies of effects on cognition with human subjects and provides suggestions for optimum research practice for laboratory-based and naturalistic alcohol hangover studies. RESULTS Four hangover symptom scales have been developed and subjected to psychometric testing. For retrospective assessment, we recommend the Hangover Symptoms Scale (HSS) or the Alcohol Hangover Severity Scale (AHSS). For concurrent assessment of hangover symptoms, we recommend either the Acute Hangover Scale (AHS), the five-item version of the HSS, or the AHSS. In research aiming to assess the cognitive effects of alcohol hangover, we suggest focusing on the cognitive domains of attention, memory and executive function, and we specify a number of tests within these cognitive domains that are likely to be sensitive to any decrements due to hangover. Finally, we argue that naturalistic studies should assess biological markers to improve the accuracy of estimates of alcohol consumption. Specifically, we recommend the assessment of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations are made with respect to assessing hangover symptoms, cognitive effects of hangover and biological markers of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stephens
- Centre for Psychological Research, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK,
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9
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Epler AJ, Tomko RL, Piasecki TM, Wood PK, Sher KJ, Shiffman S, Heath AC. Does hangover influence the time to next drink? An investigation using ecological momentary assessment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1461-9. [PMID: 24588377 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of hangover are associated with current and future problematic alcohol use. At present, it is not known whether these associations reflect any direct influence of hangover events on near-term drinking behaviors. The current study aimed to determine whether hangover following a drinking episode influences time to next drink (TTND) and, if so, to determine the direction of this effect and identify any moderating personal or contextual factors. METHODS Community-recruited, frequent drinkers oversampled for current smoking (N = 386) carried electronic diaries for 21 days, reporting on drinking behaviors and other experiences. Survival analysis was used to model data from 2,276 drinking episodes, including 463 episodes that were followed by self-reported hangover in morning diary entries. RESULTS When tested as the sole predictor in a survival model, hangover was associated with increased TTND. The median survival time was approximately 6 hours longer after episodes with hangovers compared to those without. In a multivariate model, hangover was only significant in the presence of interaction effects involving craving at the end of the index drinking episode and the occurrence of financial stressors. Additional predictors of TTND in the final multivariate model included age, lifetime alcohol use disorder diagnosis, typical drinking frequency, day of the week, and morning reports of craving, negative affect, and stressors after the index episode. There was no association between morning reports of hangover and contemporaneous diary ratings of likelihood of drinking later the same day. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that hangover has, at best, a modest or inconsistent influence on the timing of subsequent alcohol use among frequent drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amee J Epler
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center and the Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Wray TB, Merrill JE, Monti PM. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to Assess Situation-Level Predictors of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Consequences. Alcohol Res 2014; 36:19-27. [PMID: 26258997 PMCID: PMC4432855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has afforded several important advances in the field of alcohol research, including testing prominent models of alcohol abuse etiology in "high resolution." Using high-tech methods for signaling and/or assessment, such as mobile electronic diaries, personal data assistants, and smartphones, EMA approaches potentially can improve understanding of precipitants of drinking, drinking patterns, and consequences. For example, EMA has been used to study complex drinking patterns and dynamic predictors of drinking in near-real time. Compared with other methods, EMA can better sample and capture changes in these phenomena that occur in relatively short time frames. EMA also has several potential applications in studying the consequences of alcohol use, including physical, interpersonal, behavioral, and legal problems. However, even with all these potential capabilities, EMA research in the alcohol field still is associated with some limitations, including the potential for measurement reactivity and problems with acceptability and compliance. Despite these limitations, electronically based EMA methods are versatile and are capable of capturing data relevant to a variety of momentary influences on both alcohol use and consequences. Therefore, it will be exciting to fully realize the potential of future applications of EMA technologies, particularly if the associated costs can be reduced.
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Jackson KM, Rohsenow DJ, Piasecki TM, Howland J, Richardson AE. Role of tobacco smoking in hangover symptoms among university students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013. [PMID: 23200149 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although hangover results from excessive alcohol consumption, the specific pathways through which hangover symptoms arise have not been elucidated. Research on predictors of hangover sensitivity may provide clues about such mechanisms. The present study investigated whether tobacco smoking on days of heavy drinking affects next-day hangover incidence and severity. METHOD The study drew on diary data from a study on smoking and drinking among 113 students at a midwestern university in the United States. Participants completed a daily, web-based, 26-item survey for 8 weeks to assess prior-day alcohol and tobacco use as well as current-day hangover symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the hypothesis that amount of smoking is related to hangover, controlling for amount of alcohol consumed, sex, and other individual characteristics. Analyses were conducted after selecting only days with alcohol consumption levels that typically elicit hangover, then repeated on lighter drinking days for comparison. Validity of the hangover items was checked by comparing reports after such heavy drinking days with days of lighter drinking. RESULTS Across all possible person-days, 92% of daily reports were obtained. When selecting only events where an estimated blood alcohol concentration of 110 mg/dl was attained, smoking significantly increased the odds of hangover incidence and hangover severity while controlling for number of drinks consumed and sex. Additional analyses controlling for age first smoked regularly, frequency of drug use, type of drug involvement, or smoking status resulted in findings that were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Smoking more on heavy drinking days affects hangover sensitivity and severity, possibly because of acute pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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12
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Elliott JC, Carey KB, Bonafide KE. Does family history of alcohol problems influence college and university drinking or substance use? A meta-analytical review. Addiction 2012; 107:1774-85. [PMID: 22452451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Family history of alcohol use problems is a reliable determinant of alcohol use and problems in the population at large, but findings are inconsistent when this issue is examined in college and university students. No quantitative summary of this literature has been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of family history on substance use and abuse in college and university students. METHODS A two-group contrast meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in substance use and abuse between family history-positive and -negative students pursuing higher education. The studies that contributed data to this meta-analysis were conducted in five countries, with the majority of studies from the United States. A total of 65 published papers (53 samples) contributed data from 89 766 participants attending university or college. Effect sizes were coded for alcohol consumption, problems and use disorder symptoms, as well as other illegal drug use and abuse. Two independent coders calculated effect sizes and coded descriptive content about the papers, and discrepancies were reconciled. Family history was used as the grouping variable. RESULTS Family history had a minimal effect on alcohol consumption, with stronger effects on alcohol consequences (Cohen's d: 0.21-0.25), alcohol use disorder symptoms (Cohen's d: 0.24) and other drug involvement (Cohen's d: 0.37-0.86). CONCLUSIONS Relative to students without a family history of alcohol problems, students with positive family histories do not drink more, but may be at greater risk for difficulties with alcohol and drugs.
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13
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Robertson BM, Piasecki TM, Slutske WS, Wood PK, Sher KJ, Shiffman S, Heath AC. Validity of the hangover symptoms scale: evidence from an electronic diary study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 36:171-7. [PMID: 21762183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hangover Symptoms Scale (HSS) assesses the frequency of 13 symptoms experienced after drinking in the past year. Cross-sectional analyses in college drinkers showed preliminary evidence for the validity of the HSS (Slutske et al., 2003). The current investigation extended this work by examining the construct validity of the HSS in an ecological momentary assessment investigation. METHODS Frequent drinkers (N = 404) carried electronic diaries to track their daily experiences over 3 weeks. Each morning, the diary assessed prior-night drinking behaviors, the presence of current hangover, and intensity of current headache and nausea. RESULTS Adjusting for sex and body mass, the HSS significantly predicted diary endorsement of hangover (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.78 to 2.49, p < 0.001). Participants who endorsed the HSS headache and nausea items were especially likely to report the elevations of corresponding symptoms in diary records made the morning after drinking. HSS scores incrementally predicted hangover when the number of drinks consumed in the episode was covaried but did not moderate the relationship between the number of drinks and diary hangover reports. CONCLUSIONS The HSS appears to be a valid tool for hangover research. Higher HSS scores identify individuals who complain of "real world" hangovers and who may be especially likely to display particular symptoms after a night of drinking. Past hangovers predicted future hangovers, suggesting hangovers do not necessarily discourage or inhibit future drinking, at least across the several-week time interval studied here. There is a need to develop and evaluate complementary measures that can more directly index individual differences in hangover susceptibility in survey designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Robertson
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Verster JC, Stephens R, Penning R, Rohsenow D, McGeary J, Levy D, McKinney A, Finnigan F, Piasecki TM, Adan A, Batty GD, Fliervoet LAL, Heffernan T, Howland J, Kim DJ, Kruisselbrink LD, Ling J, McGregor N, Murphy RJL, van Nuland M, Oudelaar M, Parkes A, Prat G, Reed N, Slutske WS, Smith G, Young M. The alcohol hangover research group consensus statement on best practice in alcohol hangover research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:116-26. [PMID: 20712593 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711003020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced hangover, defined by a series of symptoms, is the most commonly reported consequence of excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol hangovers contribute to workplace absenteeism, impaired job performance, reduced productivity, poor academic achievement, and may compromise potentially dangerous daily activities such as driving a car or operating heavy machinery. These socioeconomic consequences and health risks of alcohol hangover are much higher when compared to various common diseases and other health risk factors. Nevertheless, unlike alcohol intoxication the hangover has received very little scientific attention and studies have often yielded inconclusive results. Systematic research is important to increase our knowledge on alcohol hangover and its consequences. This consensus paper of the Alcohol Hangover Research Group discusses methodological issues that should be taken into account when performing future alcohol hangover research. Future research should aim to (1) further determine the pathology of alcohol hangover, (2) examine the role of genetics, (3) determine the economic costs of alcohol hangover, (4) examine sex and age differences, (5) develop common research tools and methodologies to study hangover effects, (6) focus on factor that aggravate hangover severity (e.g., congeners), and (7) develop effective hangover remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C Verster
- Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Neterlands.
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Piasecki TM, Robertson BM, Epler AJ. Hangover and risk for alcohol use disorders: existing evidence and potential mechanisms. CURRENT DRUG ABUSE REVIEWS 2010; 3:92-102. [PMID: 20712598 PMCID: PMC4264051 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711003020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hangover may be related to propensity to develop alcohol use disorders (AUDs). However, the etiological role, if any, played by hangover in AUD is unclear. From a motivational perspective, hangover can be construed as either a deterrent to future alcohol consumption or a setting event for negative reinforcement that could promote deviant drinking practices (e.g., "hair-of-the-dog" drinking). Hangover could be related to AUD risk even if it does not play a direct role in promoting or inhibiting near-term drinking. For example, measures of hangover might serve as symptoms of AUD or as markers of individual differences that more directly account for AUD risk. Empirical evidence (though usually indirect) exists to support contentions that hangover is related to both risk for and protection from AUD. In this article, we briefly address variation in assessment strategies in existing hangover research because measures of hangover frequency and hangover susceptibility may prove to have different correlates. Next, we review the existing, limited evidence on relations between hangover and AUD risk. Finally, we sketch a variety of theoretically-informed hypotheses that might help delineate productive lines of inquiry for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Min JA, Kim DJ, Lee CU. Alcohol and brain health: from mechanisms to interventions. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2010. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2010.53.12.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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