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Waldron KA, Wolfe E, Plisiewicz A, Turrisi RJ, Romano E. Long-term impact of familismo and ethnic identity on latinx college student drinking and high-risk consequences. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:201-221. [PMID: 38768079 PMCID: PMC11106522 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2082618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Familismo, ethnic pride, and ethnic shame were examined as longitudinal predictors of Latinx college student alcohol use and high-risk alcohol-related consequences. Latinx students completed measures during the fall of their first (T1), second (T2), and fourth (T4) year of college. T1 familismo was positively associated with T2 ethnic pride and negatively associated with T2 ethnic shame. T2 ethnic pride was negatively associated with T4 drinking, while T2 ethnic shame was positively associated with T4 drinking. T4 drinking was positively associated with T4 consequences. Results suggest that Latinx ethnic pride and ethnic shame during the second-year of college act as mediators between first-year familismo and fourth-year drinking and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Wolfe
- Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
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2
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Glenn SD, Turrisi RJ, Richards VL, Russell MA, Mallett KA. A Dual-Process Decision-Making Model Examining the Longitudinal Associations Between Alcohol-Induced Blackouts and Alcohol Use Disorder Risk Among College Student Drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:73-83. [PMID: 37768675 PMCID: PMC10846608 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use a dual-process decision-making model to examine the longitudinal associations between alcohol-induced blackouts (blackouts) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk symptoms among college student drinkers. METHOD Undergraduate drinkers (N = 2,024; 56% female; 87% White; 5% Hispanic) at a large northeastern university completed online surveys each semester during their first (Time [T] 1, T2), second (T3, T4), third (T5, T6), and fourth (T7, T8) years of college (87% retention across the study). Path analyses were examined testing the longitudinal associations between T1 willingness to experience a blackout, T1 intentions to avoid a blackout, T2-T8 drinking, T2-T8 blackouts, and T8 AUD risk symptoms. Hypotheses 1 and 2 tested the associations between T1 willingness, T1 intentions, T2-T8 drinking, and T2-T8 blackouts. Hypothesis 3 tested the associations between T2-T8 drinking, T2-T8 blackouts, and T8 AUD risk symptoms. RESULTS Students experienced an average of 8 (SD = 8) blackouts during college. Approximately 1,514 (88.8%) participants reported experiencing 1 of 8 AUD risk symptoms. T1 willingness was positively associated with T2-T8 blackouts. T2-T8 drinking and T2-T8 blackouts were positively associated with T8 AUD risk symptoms. T1 willingness significantly indirectly affected T8 AUD risk symptoms through its association with T2-T8 blackouts. CONCLUSIONS Results estimated that, on average, college student drinkers experienced eight blackouts across 4 years of college, and 88% of participants reported experiencing at least one symptom of AUD in the last semester of college. Willingness to experience a blackout influenced students' AUD risk symptoms through the number of blackouts they experienced throughout college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. Glenn
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J. Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronica L. Richards
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A. Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly A. Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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3
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Miller MB, Cofresí RU, McCarthy DM, Carskadon MA. Sleep and circadian influences on blood alcohol concentration. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad250. [PMID: 37756490 PMCID: PMC10710990 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Anecdotally, adults reach higher levels of subjective intoxication on days they are fatigued or sleep-deprived, but sleep is not typically discussed as a predictor of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in clinical settings. To inform clinical work and future research, this perspective reviews data examining the impact of sleep (process S) and circadian (process C) factors on indicators of BAC in humans and animal models. METHODS Literature searches of medical and psychological databases were conducted to identify articles that manipulated sleep/circadian factors and reported effects on indicators of alcohol pharmacology (e.g. BAC, alcohol metabolism). RESULTS Of the 86 full-text articles reviewed, 21 met inclusion criteria. Studies included manipulations of time of day, circadian phase (evidence for process C), and time in bed (evidence for process S). Evidence for time-of-day effects on alcohol pharmacology was most compelling. Studies also provided evidence for circadian phase effects, but failed to find support for time-in-bed effects. Although results were not uniform across studies, most evidence from human and animal models indicates that peak BACs occur toward the beginning of the biological day, with some studies indicating slower alcohol elimination rates at this time. CONCLUSIONS Circadian factors likely influence alcohol pharmacokinetics, perhaps due to altered elimination of alcohol from the body. This means that individuals may reach higher BACs if they drink during the morning (when, for most people, circadian alerting is low) versus other times of the day. Alcohol prevention and intervention efforts should highlight sleep/circadian health as a potential contributor to alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Roberto U Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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4
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Faria MN, Dos Santos EL, Noto AR, Bedendo A, Souza-Formigoni MLO. Protective strategies and motivations to control drinking among Brazilian college students: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2390. [PMID: 38041057 PMCID: PMC10693026 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop prevention programs or early interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and related problems among college students, it is essential to understand their motivations for drinking and the spontaneous (effective and non-effective) strategies they employ to control, considering the social and cultural contexts influence. This study aimed to explore these factors and the student's application of selfcare in different situations and environments, as well as to identify their reasons for not drinking. METHODS The students were invited to participate using a snowball sampling, up to the theoretical saturation point. Qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were carried out and the interviews contents were analyzed using the NVivo software. The participants were 23 college students between 18 and 24 years old, with diverse patterns of alcohol use (low-risk to suggestive of dependence). RESULTS Data analysis highlighted three main themes: (a) Contexts (such as bars, "open bar" parties and others) and consumption patterns; (b) Protective Strategies (such as stop-drinking intervals, eating before or during drinking, returning home in the company of a friend); (c) Motivations to control drinking (such as sense of responsibility, bad previous experiences, family and religious issues). Protective strategies and motivation to control drinking were perceived to be less prominent in specific contexts that favor high alcohol consumption, as open bar parties. CONCLUSIONS Motivations and protective strategies varied according to the drinkers' profile, social situations and settings in which they consumed alcohol. The results highlight the need for preventive interventions planned for specific drinking patterns and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Noto Faria
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Lucas Dos Santos
- Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná- UENP, Campus Luiz Meneghel, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Bedendo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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Merrill JE, Boyle HK, López G, Riordan BC, Ward RM, Rosen RK, Carey KB. Recent alcohol-induced blackouts among heavy drinking college students: A qualitative examination of intentions, willingness, and social context. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:831-840. [PMID: 34383553 PMCID: PMC8837720 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One-third to half of emerging adult drinkers report experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts in the past year, and blackouts increase the risk for negative consequences. Qualitative methods provide valuable tools for scientific inquiry, allowing for in-depth understanding of lived experiences. The goal of the present study was to gain insight into emerging adults' recent blackout experiences. One hundred heavy drinking college students (age 18-20) completed a baseline survey, 28 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of their alcohol use and consequences, and a follow-up interview. A subset of 37 (46% female, 13.5% Hispanic/Latinx, 54% non-Hispanic ethnicity/White race) endorsed a blackout (forgot what they did during or after drinking) and were interviewed regarding their recent blackout experience. A semi-structured interview guide focused on several key questions regarding intentions and/or willingness to black out, how friends reacted to their blackout, and social norms for blacking out. A priori as well as emergent themes were generated from review of coded data. Qualitative themes included: blackouts are often unintentional, heavy drinking young adults express willingness to black out, friends react in a variety of ways to blackouts, and blackouts are perceived as common and acceptable. Data provide insight into the phenomenology of blackouts among college students, revealing that although college students may not intend to, they are often willing to black out. Future qualitative studies on blackouts among non-college-attending emerging adults are warranted. Such work can inform theory and future survey studies to better understand this high-risk behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Holly K. Boyle
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Gabriela López
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin C. Riordan
- Center for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Rochelle K. Rosen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
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6
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Yuen WS, Leung J, Man N, Chiu V, Gisev N, Livingston M, Degenhardt L, Farrell M, Pearson SA, Dobbins T, Dunlop A, Mattick RP, Peacock A. Age at first alcohol-related hospital separation or emergency department presentation and rate of re-admission: A retrospective data linkage cohort of young Australians. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1577-1588. [PMID: 36054167 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol is a leading risk factor for death and disease in young people. We compare age-specific characteristics of young people who experience their first ('index') alcohol-related hospitalisation or emergency department (ED) presentation, and whether age at index predicts 12-month rates of readmission. METHODS We used a retrospective linked-data cohort of 10,300 people aged 12-20 years with an index alcohol-related hospital and/or ED record in New South Wales, Australia from 2005 to 2013. Age group (early adolescent [12-14 years], late adolescent [15-17 years], young adult [18-20 years]) and diagnosis fields were used in logistic regression analyses and to calculate incidence rates with adjustment for year of index event, sex, socioeconomic disadvantage and residence remoteness. RESULTS People who experienced their index event in early adolescence (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR] 0.45 [95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.52]) or late adolescence (ARRR 0.82 [0.74, 0.90]) were less likely to be male compared to young adults. Early adolescents (ARRR 0.60 [0.51, 0.70]) and late adolescents (ARRR 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]) were less likely to have a hospitalisation index event. Early adolescents (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.40 [1.15, 1.71]) and late adolescents (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.16 [1.01, 1.34]) were more likely than young adults to have a subsequent 12-month non-poisoning injury ED presentation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We identified preventable hospital events in young people who have previously experienced an alcohol-related ED presentation or hospitalisation, with age-specific characteristics and outcomes that can be used to inform future health policy and service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing S Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Man
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivian Chiu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natasa Gisev
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Adrian Dunlop
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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7
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Miller MB, Boness CL, DiBello AM, Froeliger B. Insomnia as a moderator of alcohol use and blackout: Potential role in acute physiological consequences. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107395. [PMID: 35696822 PMCID: PMC10018985 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackout is associated concurrently and prospectively with alcohol-related harm, including emergency room visits and sexual coercion. Although sleep has not been linked empirically to blackout, symptoms of insomnia have also been linked to memory impairment, in which case insomnia symptoms may compound alcohol's negative effects on memory. This study tested insomnia symptoms as a moderator of the association between heavy drinking and alcohol-induced blackout. METHODS Heavy-drinking young adults in college (N = 461, 69% female) completed assessments online from remote locations. Hierarchical linear regression was used to test a moderation model predicting blackout frequency. Logistic regression was used to test post hoc hypotheses. RESULTS In contrast to our main hypothesis, heavy drinking was more weakly (not more strongly) associated with blackout in the context of more severe insomnia. Post hoc analyses tested insomnia symptoms as a unique moderator of the association between heavy drinking and likelihood of acute physiological consequences of alcohol use (blackout, passing out, nausea/throwing up, and hangover). Insomnia severity at least marginally moderated the association between heavy drinking and 4 out of 5 physiological consequences of alcohol use, and only moderated the association between drinking and 1 of 19 remaining consequences. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of insomnia are associated with alcohol-related harm, but may buffer associations between drinking and acute physiological consequences of alcohol. Additional research is needed to determine if alcohol heightens sensitivity to the acute physiological effects of alcohol, in which case less alcohol may be required for young adults with insomnia to experience these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Cassandra L Boness
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts & Sciences, United States; Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Angelo M DiBello
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies & Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, United States
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, United States; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts & Sciences, United States
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8
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Meister SR, Barker B, Flores-Pajot MC. Student suggestions for addressing heavy episodic drinking. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:517-526. [PMID: 32407164 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1756827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study examines student suggestions for other students, campuses, and society to address heavy episodic drinking (HED) and associated harms. Participants: Included 110 post-secondary students (27 males, 83 females), ages 17 to 30 years, from five universities across four Canadian provinces. Method: Purposeful sampling was used to screen in participants who drank in excess of Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines. As part of a larger study, focus groups were held with qualifying students examining HED behaviors, suggestions and potential barriers to addressing HED among post-secondary students. Results: Suggestions included providing earlier education on harms, receiving messages from respected peers and adults, and teaching how to drink in moderation. Barriers included peer pressure, not knowing own limits, and post-secondary drinking culture. Conclusions: Campuses might not be using the most effective methods to reduce HED, may be facing unknown barriers, and need to understand perspectives of students in order to reduce HED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryce Barker
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Canada
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Yuen WS, Chan G, Bruno R, Clare PJ, Aiken A, Mattick R, Farrell M, Kypri K, Slade T, Hutchinson D, McBride N, McCambridge J, Boland V, Peacock A. Trajectories of alcohol-induced blackouts in adolescence: early risk factors and alcohol use disorder outcomes in early adulthood. Addiction 2021; 116:2039-2048. [PMID: 33464664 DOI: 10.1111/add.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Experience of alcohol-induced memory blackouts in adolescence may be an important risk factor for later harms. This longitudinal study (i) modelled trajectories of alcohol-related blackouts throughout adolescence, (ii) explored early-adolescent predictors of blackout trajectories and (iii) examined the association between blackout trajectories and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. DESIGN Longitudinal study in which data from six annual surveys of a longitudinal cohort of Australian adolescents were used to model latent class growth trajectories of blackouts, adjusting for alcohol consumption frequency and typical quantity. Regression models were used to determine whether parent, child and peer factors at baseline (mean age = 12.9) predicted profiles of blackout trajectory membership and whether blackout trajectories predicted meeting criteria for AUD in early adulthood (mean age = 19.8). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Australian adolescents (n = 1821; mean age = 13.9-18.8 years). MEASUREMENTS Alcohol-related blackouts, alcohol consumption frequency, typical consumption quantity and DSM-5 AUD in early adulthood were all self-reported. FINDINGS We identified a three-class solution: delayed alcohol initiation, rare blackouts (n = 701; 38.5%); early initiation, rare blackouts (n = 869; 47.7%); and early initiation, increasing blackouts (n = 251; 13.8%). Female sex was associated with increased risk of early initiation, increasing blackouts relative to delayed initiation, rare blackouts [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 3.90; 99.5% confidence interval (CI) = 1.96, 7.76] and relative to early initiation, rare blackouts (RRR = 2.89; 99.5% CI = 1.42, 5.87). Early initiation, rare blackouts [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96; 99.5% CI = 1.17, 3.29] and early initiation, increasing blackouts (OR = 4.93; 99.5% CI = 2.32, 10.48) were each associated with increased odds of meeting criteria for AUD in early adulthood relative to delayed initiation, rare blackouts. Early initiation, increasing blackouts was associated with increased odds of meeting criteria for AUD in early adulthood relative to early initiation, rare blackouts (OR = 2.51; 99.5% CI = 1.18, 5.38). CONCLUSIONS Females in Australia appear to be at higher risk of adolescent alcohol-related blackouts independent of alcohol consumption levels and age of initiation. Alcohol-related blackouts may be associated with later alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing See Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | | | - Veronica Boland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
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10
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DiBello AM, Hatch MR, Miller MB, Neighbors C, Carey KB. Opportunities for reducing college drinking: The roles of drinking attitudes and blackout experience. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1494-1503. [PMID: 34086367 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As many as 35% of college students report having been drunk in the past month, and greater alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are associated with a positive attitude toward heavy drinking. One serious consequence of heavy drinking is alcohol-induced blackout. When they occur, alcohol-induced blackouts present a unique opportunity to increase motivation to change drinking. However, it is unclear under what conditions an alcohol-related heavy drinking attitude and experiencing a blackout represent an opportunity to change and how experiencing a blackout(s) influences an individual's motivation to reduce drinking and actual behavior. METHODS This study tested the interplay between one's positive attitude toward heavy drinking and experiencing a blackout in the past year in predicting motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and its impact on drinking over time (Study 2). Data were derived from complementary datasets collected at two universities (Study 1 n = 703, mean age = 20.63 years, 44% male, 52% White; Study 2 n = 568, mean age = 19.18 years, 72% male, 84% White). Drinking behavior was measured using a modified Daily Drinking Questionnaire, the Drinking Norms Rating Form, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether a blackout would moderate the association between attitude and motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and drinking over time (Study 2). RESULTS Results revealed a significant interaction between attitude and blackout, such that individuals who experience a blackout (vs. those who do not) and positively evaluate heavy drinking evidenced lower motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and higher levels of estimated peak BAC (Study 2). CONCLUSIONS Drinkers with a negative attitude toward heavy drinking who have experienced a blackout have the strongest motivation to reduce drinking and the greatest reductions in peak drinking behavior over time. These effects are over and above that related to the level of alcohol consumed. For young adults who do not positively endorse heavy drinking, blackouts may present a "moment of opportunity" for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Substance Use Studies & Department of Graduate and Applied Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa R Hatch
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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11
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Carpenter RW, Merrill JE. How much and how fast: Alcohol consumption patterns, drinking-episode affect, and next-day consequences in the daily life of underage heavy drinkers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108407. [PMID: 33257198 PMCID: PMC7750245 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how alcohol consumption patterns are associated with negative and positive outcomes can inform efforts to reduce negative consequences through modification of those patterns. This is important in underage drinkers, many of whom drink heavily despite negative consequences. Most work has focused on the amount of alcohol consumed, but amount provides limited information about consumption patterns compared to rate of consumption, or how fast individuals drink. We therefore examined associations of both amount and rate of consumption with negative and positive outcomes (immediate affective states and next-morning consequences) in daily life. METHOD Ninety-five college students aged 18-20 years completed ecological momentary assessment over 28 days. Participants reported number of standard drinks consumed and positive and negative affect hourly within drinking episodes. Estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) values were used to create amount and rate of consumption indicators. Each morning after drinking, participants reported negative (e.g., blackout, hangover) and positive (e.g., new friend, making others laugh) consequences. RESULTS Within drinking episodes, multilevel models showed faster consumption was associated with reduced negative affect and both larger amount and faster consumption were associated with greater positive affect. Further, amount and rate were both associated with greater likelihood of a negative consequence the next morning. Rate, but not amount, was associated with more positive consequences. CONCLUSIONS Not only how much but also how fast individuals drink may be important for the positive and negative outcomes they experience. Interventions to reduce negative alcohol-related outcomes should consider not only amount, but also rate of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Carpenter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 423 Stadler Hall, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Cox MJ, Egan KL, Suerken CK, Reboussin BA, Song EY, Wagoner KG, Wolfson M. Social and Situational Party Characteristics Associated With High-Intensity Alcohol Use Among Youth and Young Adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1957-1966. [PMID: 31313331 PMCID: PMC6722006 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of high-intensity drinking, which is alcohol consumption that exceeds standard heavy drinking levels, have increased in recent years and peak in young adulthood. To identify modifiable environmental targets for prevention of high-intensity drinking, we identified characteristics of parties attended by youth and young adults that were associated with high-intensity drinking and the consequences of this excessive form of drinking. METHODS Data are from 15- to 20-year-old participants in an online survey (n = 2,442; 55.4% female, 74.8% White) who resided in 24 communities across 7 states that were a part of a community randomized intervention trial to reduce the incidence and consequences of underage drinking parties. We used multinomial logistic regression to predict level of drinking by 6 party characteristics (size, location, age and gender composition, supervision, others' drinking behavior), and to predict 6 consequences (hangover, not remember event, passed out, punished by parents, broke something/got in fight, and sex against will) from level of drinking. We tested study hypotheses in 2 models, one that used a single binge drinking threshold (below binge vs. at or above binge level) and one that additionally used a high-intensity drinking level (below binge, 1 to 2 times binge, 2+ times binge level). RESULTS We found that larger party size and a mostly male composition were unique predictors of high-intensity drinking when compared to those who consumed 1 to 2 times the binge drinking level. Odds of passing out, not remembering the drinking event, breaking/damaging property, or getting in a fight were more than double for high-intensity drinkers compared to standard binge level drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate there are unique precursors and consequences of high-intensity alcohol consumption among youth and young adults. These environmental factors associated with high-risk drinking contexts can be used to develop prevention strategies to mitigate the harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption.
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