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Guenther CL, Zhang Y, Sedikides C. The Authentic Self Is the Self-Enhancing Self: A Self-Enhancement Framework of Authenticity. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:1182-1196. [PMID: 37002664 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Authenticity refers to behaving in a manner that aligns with one's true self. The true self, though, is positive. From a self-enhancement standpoint, people exaggerate their strengths and overlook their shortcomings, forming positively-distorted views of themselves. We propose a self-enhancement framework of authenticity, advocating a reciprocal relation between the two constructs. Trait self-enhancement was associated with higher trait authenticity (Study 1), and day-to-day fluctuations in self-enhancement predicted corresponding variations in state authenticity (Study 2). Furthermore, manipulating self-enhancement elevated state authenticity (Studies 3-4), which was associated with meaning in life (Study 4), and manipulating authenticity augmented self-enhancement, which was associated with meaning in life and thriving (Study 5). The authentic self is largely the self-enhancing self.
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Maffly-Kipp J, Gause C, Hicks JA, Vess M. When meaning in life protects against fear of death: The moderating role of self-alienation. J Pers 2024; 92:1115-1128. [PMID: 37605426 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A sense of meaning in life (MIL) is thought to help protect people against experiencing explicit anxiety about death. However, the experience of meaning is complex and subjective and may relate to death anxiety in nuanced ways. We examine how self-alienation-a feeling of not knowing/being disconnected from one's self-might moderate the relationship between MIL and death anxiety. METHOD Across five studies, we tested the hypothesis that MIL would negatively predict death anxiety more strongly for people relatively low in self-alienation. These studies were similar in design and included exploratory, confirmatory, and pre-registered tests. RESULTS A meta-regression across our five studies (N = 2001) provided clear evidence that MIL was most strongly associated with lower death anxiety at low self-alienation. We also observed that MIL was positively associated with death anxiety at high self-alienation. These effects were consistent in direction but inconsistent in strength. CONCLUSIONS We interpreted these results as evidence that MIL is existentially protective when experienced in combination with a relatively strong, clear, and connected sense of self. In contrast, MIL may be existentially problematic when people feel relatively unaware and disconnected from themselves. These findings align with aspects of terror management theory and highlight the potentially complex ways that MIL might relate to death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Maffly-Kipp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Chase Gause
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua A Hicks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Vess
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Hart W, Garrison K, Lambert JT, Hall BT. Don't Worry About Being You: Relations Between Perceived Authenticity and Mental Health are Due to Self-Esteem and Executive Functioning. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241267712. [PMID: 39058357 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241267712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies show that perceived authenticity is a reliable predictor of mental health outcomes. To expand on these studies, we examined whether such relations could be due to perceived authenticity's confounding with both self-esteem and executive functioning. A representative sample of US participants (N = 446; Mage = 46.10; 51.1% female; 78.0% White) completed measures of perceived authenticity, self-esteem, executive functioning, and various indicators of mental health (e.g., subjective wellbeing, depression). At the bivariate level, perceived authenticity had a positive, large correlation with a mental health composite. However, after controlling for self-esteem and executive functioning, this relationship became nonsignificant and trivial in size. The findings extend basic understanding of how self-relevant constructs contribute to mental health and suggest advice for individuals looking to capitalize on evidence linking perceived authenticity to mental health benefits: Build a strong base of self-worth and exercise agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hart
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Katie Garrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Joshua T Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Braden T Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Yan S, Tang W. The Influence of State Authenticity on the Sense of Meaning in Life of Middle School Students: Evidence from a Daily Diary Investigation and an Authenticity Enhancement Experiment. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:550. [PMID: 39062373 PMCID: PMC11274163 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Authenticity is a positive force for adolescent development. Taking middle school students as the main research objects, this paper examines the causal mechanism between state authenticity (SA) and sense of meaning in life through two studies: the diary method and authenticity level increase experiment. In study 1, through the daily diary data tracking investigation of 130 middle school students in daily life situations, the basic psychological needs (BPNs) and satisfaction with life (SWL) play a chain mediating role between state authenticity and sense of daily meaning in life. State authenticity has a one-way prediction effect on sense of meaning in life. In study 2, 140 participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Middle school students in the experimental group were activated to recall the authenticity experience events to enhance the level of personal authenticity, and it was found that the subjects reported a higher sense of meaning in life. This study reveals the causal mechanism between authenticity and sense of meaning of life, which has positive practical significance for exploring ways to enhance the sense of meaning of life of middle school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Weihai Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Rivera GN, Kim J, Kelley NJ, Hicks J, Schlegel RJ. Liking Predicts Judgments of Authenticity in Real-Time Interactions More Robustly Than Personality States or Affect. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672231218758. [PMID: 38193399 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231218758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We conducted three studies involving small group interactions (N = 622) that examined whether Big Five personality states, affect, and/or liking predict judgments of others' authenticity. Study 1 (n = 119) revealed that neither self-rated personality states nor affect predicted other-rated authenticity. Instead, other-rated liking was the only predictor of other-rated authenticity. Study 2 (n = 281) revealed that other-rated personality states and affect were significant predictors of other-rated authenticity, but other-rated liking was a more important factor in predicting other-rated authenticity than specific behaviors or affect. Based on these results, Study 3 (n = 222) examined whether experimental manipulation of likability had a causal effect on other-ratings of authenticity. Likable actors were indeed judged as more authentic. Together, this suggests that we judge people we like as more authentic and that likability may be more important than the "objective" content of behavior.
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Garrison KE, Rivera GN, Schlegel RJ, Hicks JA, Schmeichel BJ. Authentic for Thee But Not for Me: Perceived Authenticity in Self-Control Conflicts. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023; 49:1646-1662. [PMID: 35983645 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221118187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Is self-control authentic? Across several hypothetical scenarios, participants perceived impulsive actions as more authentic for others (Study 1a) but self-control as more authentic for themselves (Study 1b). Study 2 partially replicated this asymmetry. Study 3 accounted for behavior positivity because self-control was typically the more positive action in the previous studies. Study 4 minimized the influence of positivity by framing the same behaviors as either impulsive or controlled; impulsive actions were deemed more authentic than self-control, but only for other people. An internal meta-analysis controlling for behavior positivity revealed that (a) more positive behaviors are more authentic, and (b) impulsive actions are more authentic than self-controlled actions, especially for others. This actor-observer asymmetry suggests that, even in the face of a strong tendency to perceive positive actions as authentic, there exists a competing tendency to view others' impulsive actions as more authentic than self-control.
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Irvin RL, Wu D, Fetterman AK, Robinson MD. Heads of Worry, Hearts of Joy: Daily Diary Investigations of Self-Location and Well-Being. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:744-756. [PMID: 38156254 PMCID: PMC10751275 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
When people are asked to locate the self, they frequently choose the head and heart regions of the body. These bodily regions, in turn, are linked to an extensive set of metaphors, including those that conceptualize the heart as the locus of authenticity, love, and passion. Based on such considerations as well as frameworks within the self and well-being literatures, four samples of participants in three studies (total N = 527) were asked whether, on particular days, they perceived themselves to be located in their head regions of their bodies or their heart regions. When the self was perceived to be in the heart to a greater extent, participants reported higher levels of affective and eudaimonic well-being, as mediated by processes related to reward perception (Study 1), savoring (Study 2), and social activity (Study 3). In terms of daily experiences, the heart-located self is a happier self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta L. Irvin
- North Dakota State University, Psychology, NDSU Dept 2765, PO Box 6050, ND 58108-6050 Fargo, USA
| | - Dongjie Wu
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | | | - Michael D. Robinson
- North Dakota State University, Psychology, NDSU Dept 2765, PO Box 6050, ND 58108-6050 Fargo, USA
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Ramsay JE, Wang D, Yeo JS, Khong ZY, Tan CS. Perceived authenticity, Machiavellianism, and psychological functioning: An inter-domain and cross-cultural investigation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nazari F, Khoshnood Z, Shahrbabaki PM. The Relationship Between Authenticity and Death Anxiety in Cancer Patients. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 86:966-979. [PMID: 33615894 DOI: 10.1177/0030222821997603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the many problems cancer patients experience is death anxiety. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between authenticity and death anxiety in cancer patients. The participants were 172 cancer patients who referred to medical centers in southeast Iran. The data were collected using authenticity inventory, and death and dying anxiety scale. There was a negative correlation between authenticity and death anxiety, i.e. patients who indicated higher authenticity scores showed lower levels of death anxiety. It seems that developing a comprehensive care program for increasing awareness of authenticity in patients, may be effective in reducing patient death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Nazari
- Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohreh Khoshnood
- Nursing Research Center, Department of Public Health Nursing, Razi Faculty Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
- Nursing Research Center, Department of Critical Care Nursing, Razi Faculty Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Maffly-Kipp J, Truong TN, Edens JF, Vess M. Dark triad traits are associated with a weaker morally-good true self bias in self-perceptions. SELF AND IDENTITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2023.2169749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Maffly-Kipp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, U S A
| | - Tiffany N. Truong
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, U S A
| | - John F. Edens
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, U S A
| | - Matthew Vess
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, U S A
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Doyle DM, Barreto M. Toward a More Relational Model of Sexual Minority Identity Concealment. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022:10.1007/s10508-022-02491-5. [PMID: 36443612 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Matthew Doyle
- Department of Psychology, Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK.
| | - Manuela Barreto
- Department of Psychology, Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
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Do positive emotions prompt people to be more authentic?
The mediation effect of gratitude and empathy dimensions on the relationship between humility state and perceived false self. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2022.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGratitude, empathy and humility have been defined as personality dispositions, as complex interpersonal emotions, and as states that prompt people to be more pro-social. However, studies on the associations between these emotions and authen-ticity are scarce. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the mediation effect of gratitude and empathy on the asso-ciation between humility and perceived false identity.Participants and procedureThe number of participants who took part in the survey was equal to 220 university students (91% female). Students com-pleted questionnaires concerning humility (BSHS scale), gratitude (GQ scale), empathy (QCAE inventory), and perceived false self (POFS scale).ResultsThe results confirmed significant correlations between gratitude, empathy and authenticity, but not with humility. Further analysis revealed that gratitude and affective and cognitive empathy explain 9% of the perceived false identity level. The findings confirmed the mediation effect of gratitude on the associations between (1) humility and false self, (2) affective empathy and false self, but not between cognitive empathy and false self. The results also indicated that humility may in-fluence authenticity indirectly via gratitude, but not via dimensions of empathy.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the significance of gratitude and cognitive empathy as dispositions that promote a feeling of being authentic. On the other hand, the relationship between affective empathy and false self was positive.
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Parenting Practices and Authenticity in Mothers and Fathers. SEX ROLES 2022; 87:487-497. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Developing authenticity: A quasi-experimental investigation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Authentic leader(ship) development and leaders' psychological well-being: an outcome-wide analysis. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-11-2021-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDespite a fast-growing interest in leadership development programs, there is limited research on the impacts of leadership development and a narrow focus on professional competencies as outcomes. The authors’ aim was to test whether authentic leadership development (ALD), an identity-based leadership development approach, is associated with positive changes in leaders' psychological well-being.Design/methodology/approachIn a large sample of leaders (N = 532) from five different ALD programs, the authors conducted a pre-registered outcome-wide analysis and tested within-person changes in key indicators of psychological well-being and explored individual differences moderating these changes.FindingsResults showed significant increases in self-concept clarity, sense of purpose in life and personal growth about two to three weeks after the programs ended. Changes in stress and health were not consistent. These changes did not differ across socio-demographic status (gender, age), work-related factors (leadership, industry and tenure) and most personality factors (extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience). Those with high emotional variability experienced greater improvements in some outcomes of well-being while individuals with higher income and conscientiousness (who had high baseline self-concept clarity) experienced smaller improvements. Longer follow-up assessments were associated with smaller changes.Originality/valueAs one of the most comprehensive assessments of ALD outcomes to date, this study shows the potential of ALD for improving outcomes beyond leadership skills, the well-being of leaders, highlighting the return on value in leadership development and pointing to learning and development as a workplace well-being intervention.
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Xia M, Lv H, Xu X. Validating the Chinese version authenticity scale: psychometrics in college and community samples. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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The authentic catch-22: Following the true self promotes decision satisfaction in moral dilemmas. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nostalgia confers psychological wellbeing by increasing authenticity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xia M, Xu X. Does authenticity always breed mental health? A cross‐cultural comparison between the United States and China. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Xia
- Department of Psychology The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Psychology Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China
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Lutz PK, Newman DB, Schlegel RJ, Wirtz D. Authenticity, Meaning in Life, and Life Satisfaction: A Multicomponent Investigation of Relationships at the Trait and State Levels. J Pers 2022; 91:541-555. [PMID: 35837852 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to examine: (1) how the components of authenticity (i.e., authentic living, self-alienation, accepting external influence) relate to one another at between- and within-person levels of analysis; (2) how the authenticity facets relate to meaning in life (i.e., purpose, comprehension, mattering) and life satisfaction at these levels of analysis; and (3) whether these relationships persist when controlling for affect and self-esteem. METHOD Canadian undergraduates (N = 203) completed a trait questionnaire and end-of-day reports on these constructs for two weeks (n = 2335). RESULTS At between- and within-person levels, authentic living was negatively associated with self-alienation and accepting external influence, while the latter two facets were positively associated. Authentic living was positively related to well-being and predicted greater well-being the following day. Alternatively, self-alienation and accepting external influence were negatively related to well-being, and self-alienation predicted lower well-being the following day. Relationships involving authentic living and self-alienation were more robust than those involving accepting external influence. CONCLUSION Extending research on authenticity beyond between-person relationships, our findings show that daily states of authenticity predict well-being in nuanced ways, depending on the facet of authenticity. This highlights the importance of distinguishing levels of analyses and facets of authenticity.
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Maffly-Kipp J, Holte PN, Stichter M, Hicks JA, Schlegel RJ, Vess M. Civic Hope and the Perceived Authenticity of Democratic Participation. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221107261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In two studies, we tested how the expression of civic hope in narratives and the perceived authenticity of civic/political actions relate to civic/political engagement. In a cross-sectional study of undergraduates ( N = 230), the expression of civic hope predicted the perceived authenticity of civic actions (e.g., voting), which in turn predicted the motivation to engage in them. In a longitudinal on-line study that began 8 weeks prior to the 2020 U.S. Presidential election ( N = 308 MTurk workers), overall expressions of civic hope positively predicted the perceived authenticity of voting and the motivation to vote. In addition, expressions of civic hope positively predicted the perceived authenticity of voting, which in turn positively predicted the likelihood of reporting that one did vote. These findings indicate that a sense of civic hope and the experience of authenticity in political contexts may be important for democratic engagement.
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Jacobs R, Barnard A. Authenticity as Best-Self: The Experiences of Women in Law Enforcement. Front Psychol 2022; 13:861942. [PMID: 35602721 PMCID: PMC9120367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Law enforcement poses a difficult work environment. Employees’ wellbeing is uniquely taxed in coping with daily violent, aggressive and hostile encounters. These challenges are compounded for women, because law enforcement remains to be a male-dominated occupational context. Yet, many women in law enforcement display resilience and succeed in maintaining a satisfying career. This study explores the experience of being authentic from a best-self perspective, for women with successful careers in the South African police and traffic law enforcement services. Authenticity research substantiates a clear link between feeling authentic and experiencing psychological wellbeing. The theoretical assumption on which the study is based holds that being authentic relates to a sense of best-self and enables constructive coping and adjustment in a challenging work environment. A qualitative study was conducted on a purposive sample of 12 women, comprising 6 police officers and 6 traffic officers from the Western Cape province in South Africa. Data were gathered through narrative interviews focussing on experiences of best-self and were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. During the interviews, participants predominantly described feeling authentic in response to work-related events of a conflictual and challenging nature. Four themes were constructed from the data to describe authenticity from a best-self perspective for women in the study. These themes denote that the participating women in law enforcement, express feeling authentic when they present with a mature sense of self, feel spiritually congruent and grounded, experience self-actualisation in the work–role and realign to a positive way of being. Women should be empowered towards authenticity in their world of work, by helping them to acquire the best-self characteristics needed for developing authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Jacobs
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Antoni Barnard
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Borawski D. Ostracized and unreal: Does cyberostracism affect authenticity? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huber C, Germar M, Mojzisch A. Authenticity Occurs More Often Than Inauthenticity in Everyday Life. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Researchers have assumed that people generally strive toward authenticity, yet have also argued that authenticity may often be impeded by social constraints. Against this backdrop, it is unclear whether people feel authentic or inauthentic more often in everyday life. To address this question, we examined the retrospective frequency of these feelings. As researchers have conceptualized authenticity and inauthenticity in various ways, we also tested for generalization of the results across different conceptualizations. Our results indicate that authenticity occurs more often than inauthenticity in everyday life. While the results largely generalized across different conceptualizations of authenticity and inauthenticity, there was nonetheless some variation. Future research, therefore, should take different conceptualizations of authenticity and inauthenticity more into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Huber
- Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Markus Germar
- Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Germany
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Kim J, Chen K, Rivera GN, Hong EK, Kamble S, Scollon CN, Sheldon KM, Zhang H, Schlegel RJ. True-self-as-guide lay theory endorsement across five countries. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2028670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Korea
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Grace N. Rivera
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi, USA
| | - Emily K. Hong
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shanmukh Kamble
- Department of Psychology, Karnatak University Dharward, Dharward, India
| | - Christie Napa Scollon
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Kennon M. Sheldon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rebecca J. Schlegel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&m University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Bossom IR, Zelenski JM. The impact of trait introversion-extraversion and identity on state authenticity: Debating the benefits of extraversion. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Vess M, Maffly-Kipp J. Intentional mindwandering and unintentional mindwandering are differentially associated with the experience of self-alienation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Edwards DJA. Using Schema Modes for Case Conceptualization in Schema Therapy: An Applied Clinical Approach. Front Psychol 2022; 12:763670. [PMID: 35126233 PMCID: PMC8813040 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is situated within the framework of schema therapy and offers a comprehensive and clinically useful list of schema modes that have been identified as being relevant to conceptualizing complex psychological problems, such as those posed by personality disorders, and, in particular, the way that those problems are perpetuated. Drawing on the schema therapy literature, as well as other literature including that of cognitive behavior therapy and metacognitive therapy, over eighty modes are identified altogether, categorized under the widely accepted broad headings of Healthy Adult, Child modes, Parent modes and coping modes which are, in turn, divided into Surrender, Detached/Avoidant, and Overcompensator. An additional category is included: Repetitive Unproductive Thinking. This draws attention to the recognition by metacognitive therapists that such covert behaviors play a significant role in amplifying distress and perpetuating a range of psychological problems and symptoms. In addition to the modes themselves, several concepts are defined that are directly relevant to working with modes in practice. These include: default modes, blended modes, mode suites and mode sequences. Attention is also drawn to the way in which Child modes may be hidden "backstage" behind coping modes, and to the dyadic relationship between Child modes and Parent modes. Also relevant to practice are: (1) the recognition that Critic voices may have different sources and this has implications for treatment, (2) the concept of complex modes in which several submodes work together, and (3) the fact that in imagery work and image of a child may not represent a Vulnerable Child, but a Coping Child. The modes and mode processes described are directly relevant to clinical practice and, in addition to being grounded in the literature, have grown out of and proved to be of practical use in conceptualizing my own cases, and in supervising the cases of other clinicians working within the schema therapy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Arthur Edwards
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- Schema Therapy Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
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Relationships between Sense of Community, Authenticity, and Meaning in Life in Four Social Communities in France. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This research explored the effects of sense of community and authenticity on meaning in life in social communities in France. The sample included one hundred participants from four social communities (i.e., political, religious, virtual learning, and mutual aid). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Sense of Community Scale, and the Authenticity Scale were administered to the respondents. The correlational analyses indicated that sense of community and authenticity were more related to the presence of meaning (r = 0.29 and r = 0.54, respectively) than to the search for meaning (r = −0.39 and r = 0.03, respectively). In addition, no interaction effects were found between sense of community and the three dimensions of authenticity, suggesting that the level of authenticity did not influence the relationships between sense of community and presence of or search for meaning. The practical and research implications of the study for social communities in the field of existential psychology were discussed.
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Enclothed Harmony or Enclothed Dissonance? The Effect of Attire on the Authenticity, Power, and Engagement of Remote Workers. ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT DISCOVERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.5465/amd.2021.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nartova-Bochaver S, Korneev A, Reznichenko S. A Short Version of the Kernis-Goldmanauthenticity Inventory: Adaptation in Russia. КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2022300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The first psychometric verification of the Kernis-Goldman Authenticity Inventory, which includes 45 statements and four scales in the initial version, such as Awareness, Unbiased processing, authentic Behavior, and Relational orientation, was carried out in Russia. The questionnaire was developed within the framework of the existential paradigm of personality psychology. Procedure and method. The study involved 704 respondents (144 male, 559 female, aged 17 to 32 years). To check the convergent validity, the Authenticity scale (subscales: Authentic living, Acceptance of external influence, and Self-Alienation) and the single-scale Moscow authenticity scale were used. Confirmatory factor analysis, parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were used. Results and conclusion. During the adaptation, the Authenticity inventory was reduced to 32 points (per 8 in each of the scales), in order to keep the original factor structure. It was found that the Relational orientation score is higher in females, and Awareness is higher in males. It was also found that the indicators of the adapted questionnaire positively correlate with the scores of Authentic living and the Moscow authenticity scale, and negatively — with the scores of Acceptance of external influence and Self-alienation. The study showed the structural and convergent validity of the Russian-language version of the questionnaire. The new tool can be recommended for evaluating the effectiveness of various interventions and for research.
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Seto E, Davis WE. Authenticity predicts positive interpersonal relationship quality at low, but not high, levels of psychopathy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li A, Kong DT, Lin Q, Fan YF. Why do followers feel inauthentic and withdraw? The joint effect of leader Machiavellianism and perceived collectivistic work climate. J Pers 2021; 90:490-508. [PMID: 34655474 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although past research has shown the negative consequences of state inauthenticity (i.e., the experience of inauthenticity), what triggers state inauthenticity remains to be better understood. We focus on leader Machiavellianism (Mach), defined as the extent to which leaders engage in unethical and manipulative behaviors to attain their goals, as a predictor of follower state inauthenticity. Drawing on the social misfit argument, we examined a model in which leader Mach, jointly with a perceived collectivistic work climate, determines follower state inauthenticity and subsequent work withdrawal. METHOD We used a vignette-based lab study (303 participants from the United States) and a daily diary field study (476 daily responses from 69 participants recruited from China). RESULTS Across two studies, we found that follower state inauthenticity mediated the relationship between leader Mach and follower work withdrawal. The positive relationship between leader Mach and follower state inauthenticity was strengthened by a perceived collectivistic work climate. CONCLUSIONS The present research underlines the importance of the social environment in influencing follower state inauthenticity at work and shifts research attention from the consequences of state inauthenticity to its predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Li
- Department of Management, Engler College of Business, West Texas A & M University, Canyon, Texas, USA
| | - Dejun Tony Kong
- School of Information Systems and Management, Muma College of Business, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Quan Lin
- Department of Business Administration, Business School, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Felix Fan
- Department of Management, Dolan School of Business, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
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Puchalska-Wasyl MM. Internal Dialogues and Authenticity: How Do They Predict Well-Being? JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2021.1983739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang C, Zhou J, Dik BJ, You X. Reciprocal Relation Between Authenticity and Career Decision Self-Efficacy: A Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845319884641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that authenticity plays a positive role in one’s career decision-making process but little is known of how this role unfolds over time. In the present study, we argue that authenticity positively relates to career decision self-efficacy over time, and vice versa. We conducted a study characterized by a three-wave longitudinal design with 459 Chinese university students over 1 year and examined the reciprocal dynamic effects of authenticity and career decision self-efficacy. Using a cross-lagged approach, we found that authenticity positively relates to career decision self-efficacy over time, and conversely, career decision self-efficacy also positively relates to authenticity over time. Our findings contribute to the literature on authenticity and career decision self-efficacy by demonstrating that they reciprocally promote each other. Our findings also have implications for university students, as well as educators and counselors who assist in facilitating the career decision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior & Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Humanities and Management, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bryan J. Dik
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Cheng L, Li Z, Hao M, Zhu X, Wang F. Objectification limits authenticity: Exploring the relations between objectification, perceived authenticity, and subjective well-being. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:622-643. [PMID: 34532868 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Five studies (total valid N = 834) examined whether objectification (i.e., being treated as a tool or an object to achieve others' goals) reduces people's perceived authenticity and subjective well-being. Participants who experienced more objectification (Studies 1a and 1b), imagined being objectified (Study 2), or recalled a past objectification experience (Study 3) felt less authentic and reported lower levels of subjective well-being than their counterparts. Moreover, perceived authenticity mediated the link between objectification and subjective well-being (Studies 1a-3). In addition, offering objectified participants an opportunity to restore authenticity could enhance their well-being (Study 4). Taken together, our findings highlight the crucial role of authenticity in understanding when and why objectification decreases subjective well-being and how to ameliorate this relationship. Our findings also imply the effect of authenticity in understanding various psychological outcomes following objectification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zifei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Hopwood CJ, Good EW, Levendosky AA, Zimmermann J, Dumat D, Finkel EJ, Eastwick PE, Bleidorn W. Realness is a core feature of authenticity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huang Q, Teng F, Yang W. Awareness of societal emphasis on appearance decreases women's (but not men's) career aspiration: A serial mediation model. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:564-573. [PMID: 34013584 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the association between awareness of societal emphasis on physical appearance and people's career aspiration and the process that linked the two. Specifically, we proposed that perceived societal emphasis on physical attractiveness would decrease women's career aspiration through decreased authenticity and perceived opportunity. A total of 349 college students (227 females) participated in the study. The results revealed that awareness of societal emphasis on physical attractiveness negatively predicted women's authenticity, and authenticity positively predicted perception of opportunity, which in turn predicted their career aspiration. However, this serial mediational model was not found in men. These findings suggest that socially prioritization of attractiveness can undermine women's strive for occupational prospects and add to a better understanding of women's growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Teng
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, The Base of Psychological Services and Counseling for "Happiness" in Guangzhou South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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De Zoysa P, Kumar S, Amarasuriya SD, Mendis NSR. Being yourself: An assessment of authenticity in undergraduates of a University in Sri Lanka. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2021.1924810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyanjali De Zoysa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Shamala Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Reed DE, Lehinger E, Cobos B, Vail KE, Nabity PS, Helm PJ, Galgali MS, McGeary DD. Authenticity as a Resilience Factor Against CV-19 Threat Among Those With Chronic Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643869. [PMID: 33995199 PMCID: PMC8113775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The novel coronavirus (2019; CV-19) is linked to increases in emotional distress and may be particularly problematic for those with pre-existing mental and physical conditions, such as chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little empirical research has been published on resilience factors in these individuals. The present study aims to examine authenticity as a resilience factor among those with chronic pain and/or PTSD. METHODS Prior to the national response to the pandemic (January 10-24, 2020), participants were screened for pain-related disability (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI) and PTSD symptoms (Posttraumatic Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), and on the basis of those responses were categorized into one of four groups: healthy, chronic pain only, PTSD only, or comorbid chronic pain and PTSD. During the CV-19 pandemic (May 5-May 13, 2020), participants responded again to the ODI and PCL-5, in addition to the Wood Authenticity Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, and items related to the CV-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 110 participants (54.55% women), aged 42.19 (SD = 13.16), completed the survey during the pandemic. The comorbid group endorsed higher levels of CV-19 Threat and Impact compared to all other groups. Authenticity moderated this relationship relevant to CV-19 Threat among those in the chronic pain only group, and not in any other group. CONCLUSION The comorbid group endorsed higher levels of CV-19 Threat and Impact compared to all other groups. Importantly, greater authenticity was associated with less CV-19 Threat in the chronic pain only group, and not in any other group. The present study also highlights the importance of engaging authentically for those with chronic pain during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Reed
- Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lehinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Briana Cobos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Vail
- Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paul S. Nabity
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Peter J. Helm
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Madhwa S. Galgali
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Donald D. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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The effect of autonomy-supportive climate in a second chance programme for at-risk youth on dropout risk: the mediating role of adolescents’ sense of authenticity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-021-00542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Baumeister RF, Robson DA. Belongingness and the modern schoolchild: on loneliness, socioemotional health, self-esteem, evolutionary mismatch, online sociality, and the numbness of rejection. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1877573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davina A. Robson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Fletcher L, Everly BA. Perceived lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) supportive practices and the life satisfaction of LGBT employees: The roles of disclosure, authenticity at work, and identity centrality. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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To be or to appear to be: Evidence that authentic people seek to appear authentic rather than be authentic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Meaning in life has long been a mystery of human existence. In this review, we seek to demystify this construct. Focusing on the subjective experience of meaning in life, we review how it has been measured and briefly describe its correlates. Then we review evidence that meaning in life, for all its mystery, is a rather commonplace experience. We then define the construct and review its constituent facets: comprehension/coherence, purpose, and existential mattering/significance. We review the many experiences that have been shown to enhance meaning in life and close by considering important remaining research questions about this fascinating topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;
| | - Joshua A Hicks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
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Zhang H, Chen C, Schlegel R, Chen K. Spillover of authenticity from work to home: The mediating role of affect. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychology Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Changkai Chen
- Department of Psychology Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | | | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Claremont Graduate University Claremont California USA
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Maffly-Kipp J, Flanagan P, Kim J, Schlegel RJ, Vess M, Hicks JA. The Role of Perceived Authenticity in Psychological Recovery from Collective Trauma. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Previous research demonstrates that perceived authenticity is positively associated with psychological health and security in the face of threats. The current research extends this work by testing whether perceived authenticity promotes recovery from the negative mental health consequences of collective trauma (e.g., a natural disaster). Methods: We recruited a sample of undergraduates (N = 570), many of whom reported direct or indirect exposure to Hurricane Harvey, to complete surveys at two time points. We assessed exposure to the disaster, acute stress, post-traumatic stress, coping, and authenticity twice, once approximately 1 month after Hurricane Harvey (Time 1) and again approximately 9 weeks after Hurricane Harvey (Time 2). Results: We employed multilevel modelling to explore whether authenticity would aid in recovery from collective trauma. Results showed that perceived authentic living at Time 1 predicted a variety of indicators of stress related to the hurricane at Time 2. Specifically, those participants who reported low authentic living at Time 1 reported greater levels of stress at Time 2, compared to individuals who reported higher levels of authentic living. Importantly, these effects remained even when controlling for known predictors of stress (e.g., levels of stress at Time 1 and coping strategies). Discussion: Findings provide preliminary insight into authenticity as a part of a likely larger network of interrelated psychosocial qualities that have the potential to help one navigate recovery from trauma.
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Carter JEM, Rivera GN, Heffer RW, Schlegel RJ. Stuck in an Existential Quagmire: The Role of Perceived True Self-Knowledge in Client Stuckness. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Research suggests that perceived true self-knowledge is important for well-being. However, less discussion exists about how perceived true self-knowledge affects therapy outcomes. We suggest that perceived true self-knowledge may be important when attempting to address client stuckness (i.e., lack of progress in therapy; Beaudoin, 2008). We argue that when clients perceive a lack of true self-knowledge, they are unable to draw upon the true self-concept as a source of meaning. This may hinder therapeutic progress and contribute to client stuckness. Methods: We present theoretical evidence for the role of perceived true self-knowledge in experiences of stuckness. Then, we present case studies of two stuck clients and their therapeutic interventions as preliminary evidence for our model. Results: Direct strategies geared at enhancing true self-knowledge by helping the client construct coherent self-concepts worked for one client, but not for the other. Indirect strategies, grounded in social psychological research, are outlined as a method of enhancing perceptions of true self-knowledge for clients who do not benefit from direct strategies. Discussion: Potential moderators for the effectiveness of direct versus indirect strategies to enhance true self-knowledge are discussed. We then outline promising avenues for future research that include attempts to investigate the prevalence of self-alienation in clinical populations, and the effectiveness of strategies aimed at enhancing perceived true self-knowledge among clients experiencing stuckness.
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Baumeister RF. Stalking the True Self Through the Jungles of Authenticity: Problems, Contradictions, Inconsistencies, Disturbing Findings—and a Possible Way Forward. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1089268019829472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on authenticity frequently invokes notions of true self, but is there such thing? The question must be answered twice, given frequent confusion and conflation of self with self-concept. Summarizing and integrating themes from authenticity research as evident in this special issue, I draw these conclusions. True self-concepts are more plausible than genuinely true selves, if the latter are independent entities distinct from actual behavior and experience. Yet rather than a single true self-concept, people have multiple nonfalse ones, none of which is entirely true. Among these, the pragmatically most important is the desired reputation, given the social-cultural orientation of humankind. Desired reputation is more a guide and goal than a reality, but successes and failures at achieving that reputation will produce welcome and unwelcome feelings that are likely reported as feeling authentic and inauthentic (respectively). Understanding authenticity in this way solves some of the perennial problems that beset research and theory on authenticity, especially positive distortion and external rather than internal orientation.
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Introduction to the Special Issue: Authenticity: Novel Insights Into a Valued, Yet Elusive, Concept. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1089268019829474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Authenticity is generally believed to play an important role in our daily lives. Empirical research thus far has made progress in understanding the nature of this important construct. We identify four broad conclusions about authenticity based on this research: (a) People value authenticity in their own behavior and other domains (e.g., life experiences, consumer products), (b) Self-reports of personal authenticity are linked to psychological well-being, (c) People generally believe authentic, or “true,” selves are morally good, and (d) Authenticity judgments are guided by cognitive tendencies related to psychological essentialism. Despite this progress, many basic questions about authenticity remain unresolved including (a) What is the best way to define the construct? (b) Why do people care so much about whether something or someone is authentic? and (c) Why is personal authenticity so strongly related to psychological well-being? This special issue presents articles aimed to shed light on some of these basic questions. Although each of the articles offers a unique perspective to understanding authenticity, these collections of articles provide a generative framework to help researchers continue to explore this elusive construct.
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