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Gong S, Tang C, Wang X, Yan J, Yu Q, Jiang L. Transitioning through adversity: Maternal experiences and post-traumatic growth in the context of infants diagnosed with esophageal atresia - A comprehensive qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 72:e187-e192. [PMID: 37380554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the experiences and growth trajectories of mothers who have infants with esophageal atresia, which would contribute to our understanding of their unique nursing care requirements and support the development of personalized nursing care strategies and interventions for these critically ill infants. DESIGN AND METHODS This study used a qualitative descriptive approach including face to face interviews with semi-structured questions. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. RESULTS Eight mothers were interviewed between November 2021 to January 2022. The mothers described two categories of care experiences: "grief" and "post-traumatic growth". Subcategories included "beginning of chaos", "facing reality", "forced mother-infant separation", "deprived life", "deepened self-knowledge", "enhanced perception of social support", and "shift in life priorities". CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicated mother of infants with esophageal atresia experienced grief, and also reported growth. A better understanding of mothers' experience and positive changes may facilitate peditric nursing practice and promote mothers to attain good psychological adaptation to enable them to take good care of their children. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Pediatric nurses' insight into the experience of mothers caring for infants with esophageal atresia could facilitate increased physical intimacy and optimized interaction time to understand the unique personality of these infants. Collaborating with mothers could enhance nurses' comprehension of their perspectives, concerns, and needs, and could guide intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Gong
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Paediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Nursing, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sultana Eliav A, Lahav Y. Posttraumatic Growth, Dissociation and Identification With The Aggressor Among Childhood Abuse Survivors. J Trauma Dissociation 2023; 24:410-425. [PMID: 36855260 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2181478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood abuse puts individuals at risk for psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety symptoms. At the same time, research has indicated that some survivors report positive transformations in the aftermath of their trauma, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Yet the essence of PTG reports is questionable, and some scholars claim that it may reflect maladaptive illusory qualities. Furthermore, according to a recent theoretical model, PTG might be dissociation-based and related to survivors' bonds with their perpetrators. This study aimed to explore these claims by assessing PTG, dissociation, and identification with the aggressor (IWA), as well as PTSD and anxiety symptoms. An online survey was conducted among 597 adult childhood abuse survivors. Study variables were assessed via self-report measures. Analyses indicated positive associations between PTG, dissociation, and IWA. Three distinct profiles were found, reflecting high, medium, and low scores on PTG, dissociation, and IWA. Profile type explained PTSD and anxiety symptoms above and beyond gender, age, and abuse severity. These findings suggest that whereas some childhood abuse survivors might experience a positive transformation subsequent to their trauma, others' PTG reports might reflect dissociative mechanisms and pathological attachments to their perpetrators, and thus might be maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Sultana Eliav
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Lahav
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Tsur N, Noyman-Veksler G, Elbaz I, Weisman L, Brill S, Shalev H, Rudich Z, Shahar G. The Personification of Chronic Pain: an Examination Using the Ben-Gurion University Illness Personification Scale (BGU-IPS). Psychiatry 2022; 86:137-156. [PMID: 36315968 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2022.2129329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Relying on anthropomorphism research, Illness Personification Theory (ILL-PERF) posits that individuals living with a chronic illness ascribe human-like characteristics to their illness. Herein we examine the personification of chronic pain using a new measure: the Ben-Gurion University Illness Personification Scale (BGU-IPS). Method: Three samples of chronic pain patients (Sample 1 and 2 are distinct samples sharing similar characteristics, collected in the context of a cross-sectional design, Ns = 259, 263; Sample 3: a 2-waves longitudinal, N =163) completed the 12-item BGU-IPS, and measures of pain and related factors. Results: An orthogonal, two-factor structure was revealed for the BGU-IPS pertaining to negative vs. positive personifications. Negative personification was associated with pain intensity and illness-related distress (e.g., depression and low adjustment to pain). Positive personification was correlated with hope, pain-related sense of control, and low depression. However, positive personification also augmented the associations between negative personification and several risk factors. Conclusions: Pain personification, particularly as assessed via the BGU-IPS, plays a major role in (mal)adaptation to chronic pain.
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Wang N, Chung MC, Zhang J, Fang S. Network analysis on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, psychiatric co-morbidity and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:461-470. [PMID: 35513114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychiatric co-morbidity and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Chinese adolescents using network analysis. METHODS 867 Chinese adolescents (male = 424, female = 443) were recruited from three secondary schools. They completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. RESULTS Domains of each construct mainly clustered within their respective communities with several bridging edges identified. The prominent roles of bridging nodes and edges (positive and negative) were highlighted. Key bridging nodes were negative alterations in cognitions and mood for PTSD, anxiety and insomnia for psychiatric co-morbidity and appreciation of life for PTG. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the present study may preclude the identification of real causal relationships between nodes. CONCLUSIONS Following a trauma, adolescents displayed posttraumatic stress along with general psychological disorder symptoms. These distress reactions could affect the way they appreciated life and their motivation to seek future life possibilities. Findings from the current study may provide some clue for the facilitation of posttraumatic growth among clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man Cheung Chung
- Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jieting Zhang
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Fang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Zhao J, An Y, Li X, Huang J. After Experiencing a Tornado: Adolescents' Longitudinal Trajectories in Posttraumatic Growth and Their Association with Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 54:786-795. [PMID: 34843034 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the trajectories in posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents who survived from the Yancheng tornado in China, and explored the effects of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) on these trajectories. Participants (n = 246) finished 4 assessments at 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after the tornado. Growth mixture model and logistic regression were used to examine the heterogeneous trajectories and the role of PTSS for differentiating trajectories respectively. Two latent PTG trajectories were observed: group with decreasing PTG and group with fluctuant PTG, which might stem from the illusory component and the factual component of PTG respectively based on the two-component model; and adolescents with more PTSS had higher probabilities generating decreasing PTG, that is, illusory PTG. This study suggested differentiating PTG trajectories and related influencing factors to improve the post-disaster psychological interventions in a longitudinal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
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Guidetti G, Grandi A, Converso D, Bosco N, Fantinelli S, Zito M, Colombo L. Funeral and Mortuary Operators: The Role of Stigma, Incivility, Work Meaningfulness and Work-Family Relation to Explain Occupational Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136691. [PMID: 34206238 PMCID: PMC8297114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The funeral and mortuary sector, including funeral homes, cemeteries and crematoria, is a largely neglected sector in regard to the study of occupational factors that can affect the quality of working life. The present study aimed at overcoming this gap by investigating job demands and resources that may affect burnout levels. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire involving funeral industry employees (N = 229) from cemetery, morgues, crematoria and funeral agencies in a Northern Italian region. The survey was cross-sectional and non-randomized. Results reveal that among job demands, stigma consciousness, supervisor incivility and work-to-family negative spillover significantly affect levels of burnout, whereas meaningfulness of work and family-to-work positive spillover may represent relevant resources to counter the onset of burnout. The results of this study contribute to new insights into the psychosocial working conditions that affect occupational wellbeing among the funeral industry sector by also giving insight into how to promote resources to prevent burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Guidetti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Annalisa Grandi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Converso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Bosco
- Department of Cultures, Politics and Society, University of Turin, Lungo Dora Siena 100/A, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Stefania Fantinelli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Margherita Zito
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, Via Carlo Bo 1, 20143 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lara Colombo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (L.C.)
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Ord AS, Stranahan KR, Hurley RA, Taber KH. Stress-Related Growth: Building a More Resilient Brain. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 32:A4-212. [PMID: 32729793 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Ord
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Ord, Hurley, Taber); the Mental Health Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Stranahan); the Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hurley); the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); the Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va. (Taber); and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Kathryn R Stranahan
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Ord, Hurley, Taber); the Mental Health Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Stranahan); the Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hurley); the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); the Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va. (Taber); and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Ord, Hurley, Taber); the Mental Health Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Stranahan); the Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hurley); the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); the Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va. (Taber); and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Katherine H Taber
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Ord, Hurley, Taber); the Mental Health Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Stranahan); the Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hurley); the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); the Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va. (Taber); and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
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8
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Hamam AA, Milo S, Mor I, Shaked E, Eliav AS, Lahav Y. Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic - The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 132:23-31. [PMID: 33038562 PMCID: PMC7525333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trauma survivors who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may be particularly vulnerable when facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet trauma exposure may also lead to salutogenic outcomes, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Nevertheless, the implications of PTG attributed to prior trauma, for trauma survivors' adjustment when facing additional stressors, are unclear. Addressing this gap, 528 Israeli trauma survivors were assessed for PTG and PTSD symptoms attributed to prior trauma, as well as peritraumatic stress symptoms related to the pandemic, as part of an online survey. Analyses revealed that being younger, female, quarantined, negatively self-rating one's health status, and suffering from PTSD symptoms were associated with elevated peritraumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, PTG attributed to prior trauma made a significant contribution in explaining elevated intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. The present results point to the need for clinicians to take into account reports of PTG attributed to prior trauma when treating trauma survivors during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abu Hamam
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Shai Milo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Inbar Mor
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Elit Shaked
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Ayala Sultana Eliav
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Yael Lahav
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Lahav Y, Ginzburg K, Spiegel D. Post-Traumatic Growth, Dissociation, and Sexual Revictimization in Female Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2020; 25:96-105. [PMID: 31248267 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519856102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at high risk of sexual revictimization. At the same time, some survivors report positive transformations resulting from the traumatic experience, a phenomenon known as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Although one might expect PTG to be related to reduced risk of revictimization, the link between PTG and revictimization has not been investigated. Furthermore, mixed findings regarding the associations between PTG and distress imply that the effects of PTG are multifaceted. One potential explanation may be that dissociation shapes the implications of PTG, making it more like denial than adaptive processing of traumatic experience. This longitudinal study explores (a) the associations between PTG and sexual revictimization and (b) the moderating role of dissociation within the associations between PTG and revictimization. METHOD Participants were 111 female CSA survivors who participated in a 6-month efficacy trial evaluating the effectiveness of group psychotherapy for CSA survivors with HIV risk factors. RESULTS Dissociation moderated the associations between PTG and revictimization: Whereas PTG had nonsignificant effects on revictimization in participants with low dissociation, it predicted elevated levels of revictimization in participants with high dissociation. CONCLUSIONS Reports of PTG among some CSA survivors might mirror dissociative beliefs that increase their risk of revictimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lahav
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karni Ginzburg
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Spiegel
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Colombo L, Emanuel F, Zito M. Secondary Traumatic Stress: Relationship With Symptoms, Exhaustion, and Emotions Among Cemetery Workers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:633. [PMID: 30967820 PMCID: PMC6438950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cemeteries workers are deserving of attention because they are exposed to various psychosocial risks: these workers are subject to painful contacts and daily exposed to a work content linked to death experiences and the emotions associated with them. Secondary trauma develops from this continuous contact with others' suffering; operators working with this type of traumatic content and dynamic could suffer from emotional disorders (Figley, 1995). Therefore, the secondary traumatic stress (STS) is seen as an occupational risk factor (Bride et al., 2004) and cemetery workers are subject to this risk. Studies on this topic have focused on the operators of emergencies, social, and health sectors; little attention has been given to cemetery workers. Aim: The present study considers the relations between the dimensions composing the STS and the psychological and physical symptoms, the perception of exhaustion, and the positive and negative emotions at work in a group of cemetery workers. Moreover, differences among occupational tasks are explored considering the different possibilities of contact with clients and trauma contagion. Methods: The study included a qualitative phase (interviews and focus groups) and subsequently a quantitative phase (self-report questionnaire) and involved 114 participants in a cemetery organization in northern Italy, divided into technicians employees (TE), technicians and specialists of decoration and garden (TS), gravediggers (GR) administrative and front office employees (AFO). Levels of secondary trauma and psychophysical symptoms were assessed, and correlations were calculated in the total sample and for the different job categories of employees. Results: AFO and TS showed the highest levels of STS and psychophysical symptoms, in particular for symptoms related to anxiety, sadness, insomnia, and gastric and musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering the STS among also this category of workers, since they are exposed daily not only with death, but also with suffering people; grief and emotional skills are important to cope with these job characteristics cemetery workers are not trained on this. It is important to monitor symptomatic levels not only to avoid chronicity, but also to provide employees with psychological support and training about secondary trauma and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Colombo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Emanuel
- Department of Philosophy and Education Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Zito
- Carlo A. Ricciardi Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour, Università IULM, Milan, Italy
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11
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Ram-Vlasov N, Goldner L, Lev-Wiesel R. Preliminary validation of the peri-traumatic dissociation trauma drawing assessment (PDTDA): The case of military trauma. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Lahav Y, Levin Y, Bensimon M, Kanat-Maymon Y, Solomon Z. Secondary Traumatization and Differentiation Among the Wives of Former POWs: A Reciprocal Association. J Trauma Stress 2017; 30:399-408. [PMID: 28696563 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Repercussions of war captivity may transmit to spouses of former prisoners of war (POW) via posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Overidentification with their partners underlies the PTSS experienced by former wives of POWs, thus implying impaired self-differentiation. Although wives' indirect exposure to their husbands' captivity and subsequent PTSS has been associated with the wives' PTSS and differentiation, the combined effects remain unclear. Furthermore, previous cross-sectional studies could not illuminate directionality. This prospective study investigates (a) the moderating role of indirect exposure to captivity in the association between husbands' PTSS and wives' PTSS and differentiation; and (b) the directionality of the association between wives' differentiation and PTSS over time. The wives of both former POWs (n = 143) and combatants (n = 102) were assessed 30 (T1) and 38 (T2) years after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The wives of former POWs endorsed higher PTSS and fusion differentiation, η2p = .06 to .14. Indirect exposure to captivity moderated the associations between husbands' PTSS and wives' PTSS, Cohen's f2 = .01 to .03. The association between the wives' differentiation and PTSS over time was bidirectional, β = -0.18 to 0.68; R2 = .54 to .73. Results suggest a vicious cycle between PTSS and differentiation, and the need for clinical interventions that further differentiation for spouses of prolonged trauma victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lahav
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Psychology, Odense, Denmark.,I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yafit Levin
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Bensimon
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Zahava Solomon
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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13
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Kroemeke A, Bargiel-Matusiewicz K, Kalamarz M. Mixed Psychological Changes Following Mastectomy: Unique Predictors and Heterogeneity of Post-traumatic Growth and Post-traumatic Depreciation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1245. [PMID: 28775703 PMCID: PMC5517438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Post-traumatic growth (PTG) and its opposite-post-traumatic depreciation (PTD)-may be treated as important indicators of the patient quality of life. In the absence of studies on both, PTG and PTD in cancer patients, we investigated (1) coping strategies and support effectiveness as predictors of PTG and PTD in post-mastectomy women, (2) homogeneous classes with different intensity of PTG and PTD symptoms, and (3) correlates of class membership. Methods: Coping strategies (Brief COPE), support effectiveness (SSE-Q), PTG (PTGI), and PTD (negatively reworded items of PTGI) were measured in 84 post-mastectomy women (mean age = 62.27, SD = 8.38). Multiple regression, two-step cluster, and multinomial logistic regression were applied. Results: PTG and PTD had unique predictors: time since diagnosis and positive emotion-focused coping predicted PTG (R2 = 0.24), while negative emotion-focused and avoidance-focused coping and low support effectiveness were linked to PTD (R2 = 0.14). Four groups of PTG × PTD symptoms were identified: high PTG low PTD group (52.4%), low PTG low PTD group (17.9%), high PTG high PTD group (15.5%), and low PTG high PTD group (14.3%). Higher emotion- and avoidance-focused coping was characteristic for the high PTD low PTG group (R2 = 0.41). Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the coexistence and unique predictors of PTG and PTD after mastectomy, indicating heterogeneity in PTG and PTD levels among post-mastectomy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kroemeke
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Kalamarz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty in Katowice, SWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesKatowice, Poland
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Lahav Y, Kanat-Maymon Y, Solomon Z. Posttraumatic Growth and Dyadic Adjustment among War Veterans and their Wives. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1102. [PMID: 28713307 PMCID: PMC5491839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The controversy regarding the nature of posttraumatic growth includes two main competing claims: one which argues that posttraumatic growth reflects authentic positive changes and the other which argues that posttraumatic growth reflects illusory defenses. While the former might suggest that posttraumatic growth enhances intimacy and close relationships, the latter might imply that posttraumatic growth hinders interpersonal relations. The present study aimed to test these claims by investigating the association between posttraumatic growth and dyadic adjustment over time at both the individual and dyadic levels, and the potential role of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Former prisoners of war and comparable war veterans and their wives (n = 229) were assessed twice, 30-31 (T1) and 35-38 (T2) years after the 1973 Yom Kippur War in Israel, with regard to posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress symptoms and dyadic adjustment. Results indicated that posttraumatic growth was associated with both elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms and low dyadic adjustment among both husbands and wives. Posttraumatic stress symptoms at T1 and T2 mediated the association between posttraumatic growth and dyadic adjustment. Wives' posttraumatic growth at T1 predicted posttraumatic growth and dyadic adjustment of the husbands at T2. The higher the wives' posttraumatic growth, the higher the posttraumatic growth and the lower the dyadic adjustment of the husbands in the subsequent measure. The findings suggest that posttraumatic growth reflects defensive beliefs which undermine marital relationships and that posttraumatic growth might be transmitted between spouses and implicated in the deterioration of the marital relationship over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lahav
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Zahava Solomon
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-AvivNon-US/Non-Canadian, Israel
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