1
|
Imi Y, Shibata K. Nutritional Factors That Affect the Formation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, a Key Intermediate of Heme Biosynthesis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:339-350. [PMID: 34719620 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key intermediate of heme biosynthesis, which is an essential component of the respiratory chain. Therefore, nutrients that affect ALA biosynthesis eventually affect ATP production, which is the basis of mitochondrial function. Although the effects of various non-nutrient components that affect ALA after biosynthesis have been reported, there are few reports on the effects of dietary amino acids/protein on ALA formation and the effects of dietary vitamins that are involved in amino acid metabolism. In mitochondria, ALA is synthesized from succinyl-CoA and glycine by the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme ALA synthase [EC 2.3.1.37]. In this study, the effects of dietary amino acids/protein and vitamins on the amount of ALA synthesized were investigated using mice, rats, and cultured cells. Amounts of ALA in plasma and urine, and porphyrins in plasma increased with increasing protein intake. Vitamin B1 insufficiency did not affect ALA synthesis. Vitamin B6 insufficiency increased the amount of ALA synthesized, while niacin deficiency markedly reduced ALA synthesis. Thus, for heme synthesis, an essential biological substance for life, the amounts of amino acids, as well as the pathways metabolizing amino acids to glycine and succinyl-CoA are very important. Specifically, it is important that niacin is associated with the formation of glycine and succinyl-CoA from amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Imi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University
| | - Katsumi Shibata
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University.,Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
GIBSON KD, NEUBERGER A, TAIT GH. Studies on the biosynthesis of prophyrin and bacteriochlorophyll by Rhodoseudomonas spheroides. 3. The effect of threonine on the biosynthesis of homoserine and methionine. Biochem J 1998; 84:483-90. [PMID: 13898424 PMCID: PMC1243701 DOI: 10.1042/bj0840483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
GIBSON KD, NEUBERGER A, TAIT GH. Studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrin and bacteriochlorophyll by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 2. The effects of ethionine and threonine. Biochem J 1998; 83:550-9. [PMID: 13898422 PMCID: PMC1243595 DOI: 10.1042/bj0830550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
GIBSON KD, NEUBERGER A, TAIT GH. Studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrin and bacteriochlorophyll by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 1. The effect of growth conditions. Biochem J 1998; 83:539-49. [PMID: 13898423 PMCID: PMC1243594 DOI: 10.1042/bj0830539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
GRANICK S. Porphyrin biosynthesis, porphyria diseases, and induced enzymes in synthesis in chemical porphyria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 25:53-65. [PMID: 13949832 DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1962.tb03515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
8
|
JONES OT. The production of magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochem J 1998; 86:429-32. [PMID: 14029527 PMCID: PMC1201776 DOI: 10.1042/bj0860429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
BURNHAM BF, PIERCE WS, WILLIAMS KR, BOYER MH, KIRBY CK. delta-aminolaevulate dehydratase from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochem J 1998; 87:462-72. [PMID: 14041439 PMCID: PMC1201984 DOI: 10.1042/bj0870462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
12
|
Okuno E, Minatogawa Y, Kido R. A new biosynthetic route of porphyrin precursors in common between animals and plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 112:986-90. [PMID: 6342621 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An additional enzyme, 4-oxo-5-hydroxyvalerate (OHV) dehydrogenase was identified and characterized. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of OHV to 4,5-dioxovalerate, a direct precursor of 5-aminolevulinate. The enzyme was partially purified from rat liver supernatant as two isoenzyme (ca. 40,000 and 70,000 dalton). 5-Aminolevulinate was formed from OHV via 4,5-dioxovalerate by this dehydrogenase and alanine-4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.43). This dehydrogenase required NADP or NAD as a hydrogen acceptor. The enzyme was heat sensitive and catalyzed the reaction reversibly. The dehydrogenase was present in the high speed supernatants of liver and kidney of rat, rabbit and human, and that of spinach leaf.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jensen RA, Calhoun DH. Intracellular roles of microbial aminotransferases: overlap enzymes across different biochemical pathways. Crit Rev Microbiol 1981; 8:229-66. [PMID: 7009061 DOI: 10.3109/10408418109085080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Tschudy DP, Bonkowsky HL. A steady state model of sequential irreversible enzyme reactions. Mol Cell Biochem 1973; 2:55-62. [PMID: 4202967 DOI: 10.1007/bf01738678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Neuberger A, Sandy JD, Tait GH. Control of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. The involvement of sulphur metabolism. Biochem J 1973; 136:477-90. [PMID: 4544404 PMCID: PMC1165982 DOI: 10.1042/bj1360477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. The ;initial' 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity, that is the activity observed immediately after cell disruption, in extracts prepared from unharvested semianaerobically grown Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, was twice that observed under the same assay conditions in extracts prepared from harvested cells. 2. The effect of oxygenation of a culture on the ;maximum' aminolaevulinate synthetase activity, that is the activity observed 1h after disruption of harvested cells, is markedly influenced by the contents of the growth medium. Oxygenation of organisms for 1h in the medium in which they have grown produces an 80-90% decrease in maximum activity, whereas similar treatment of organisms resuspended in fresh medium produces less than a 40% decrease. 3. This protective effect of fresh medium is absolutely dependent on the presence of sulphate. When cells are suspended in sulphate-deficient fresh medium, the maximum activity falls by 65-75% even without oxygenation. A high maximum activity is regenerated when sulphate is resupplied. 4. When organisms are oxygenated in the medium in which they have grown, the cellular contents of GSH+GSSG and cysteine+cystine fall very markedly and homolanthionine is formed. Both the fall in aminolaevulinate synthetase activity and the changes in sulphur metabolism are largely prevented by the addition of compounds which stimulate synthesis of cysteine de novo or inhibit the conversion of cysteine S into homocysteine S. 5. The maximum aminolaevulinate synthetase activity was directly proportional to the GSH+GSSG content of all cell preparations. In glutathione-depleted extracts the ;low'-activity enzyme could be re-activated in vitro by the addition of GSH, GSSG, cysteine or cystine, whereas in extracts with a high glutathione content the ;high'-activity enzyme was unaffected by these sulphur compounds. 6. The activation of low-activity enzyme with exogenous sulphur compounds was prevented by excluding air or by adding NADH. Studies with purified enzyme indicate that sulphur compounds do not interact directly with the enzyme, but that their effect is mediated by a number of other endogenous factors.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Yubisui T, Yoneyama Y. -Aminolevulinic acid synthetase of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides: purification and properties of the enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 150:77-85. [PMID: 4537311 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
18
|
Segen BJ, Gibson KD. Deficiencies of chromatophore proteins in some mutants of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides with altered carotenoids. J Bacteriol 1971; 105:701-9. [PMID: 4323296 PMCID: PMC248489 DOI: 10.1128/jb.105.3.701-709.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatophore proteins of a wild type and three mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The mutants consisted of a green and a blue-green one, whose phenotypes were essentially the same as those of known mutants, and a brown one, which may be a double mutant and represents a new phenotype. Wild-type chromatophores contained at least six major and seven minor protein bands, with molecular weights ranging from 10,000 to 65,000. The green mutant contained the same protein bands in the same relative quantities. The brown mutant had one protein completely missing and no other alterations. The blue-green mutant was deficient in a different protein, and had reduced quantities of all proteins with molecular weights less than 25,000. Chromatophores were separated into a fraction containing the reaction centers and a fraction containing the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Eight of the proteins were found only in the reaction center fraction, one was only in the light-harvesting fraction, and the remainder were present in both fractions. The protein missing from the brown mutant was found to be a component of the reaction center fraction, whereas the proteins which were missing from the blue-green mutant were all components of the light-harvesting fraction. Some implications for the structure and biogenesis of chromatophores are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Tait GH. Coproporphyrinogenase activity in extracts from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 37:116-22. [PMID: 5346353 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
21
|
The quantitative regulation of the biosynthesis of porphyrins by intracellular ATP concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(69)90041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Tuboi S, Kim HJ, Kikuchi G. Occurrence of a specific and reversible inhibitor of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase in extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 130:92-100. [PMID: 5778688 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
23
|
Nachweis und bestimmung von γ,δ-dioxovaleriansäure reversibele umwandlung von γ,δ-dioxovaleriansäure und δ-aminolävulinsäure in ratten. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(69)90066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
Gajdos A, Gajdos-Török M, Gorchein A, Neuberger A, Tait GH. The effect of adenosine triphosphate on porphyrin excretion and on glycine metabolism in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochem J 1968; 106:185-92. [PMID: 5721455 PMCID: PMC1198485 DOI: 10.1042/bj1060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP at concentrations of 1mm markedly decrease the amount of coproporphyrin excreted by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides illuminated in a medium containing glycine, succinate and fumarate. 2. The effect of ATP is decreased if ethionine is also added to the medium. 3. Evidence is presented showing that ATP is taken up by the organisms from the medium. 4. ATP is shown to have a marked effect on the utilization of glycine. In the presence of ATP the incorporation of the methylene carbon atom of glycine into the fatty acid moieties of the phospholipids is greatly increased, and more of the carboxyl carbon atom is lost, probably as carbon dioxide. 5. ATP has little effect on the utilization of succinate or fumarate. 6. The possible significance of these results with regard to the control by ATP of porphyrin synthesis and excretion and glycine metabolism is discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Kreimer-Birnbaum M, Grinstein M. Porphyrin biosynthesis. 3. Porphyrin metabolism in experimental lead poisoning. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 111:110-23. [PMID: 5867314 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(65)90477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
29
|
Bernhauer K, Müller O, Wagner F. Neuere chemische und biochemische Entwicklungen auf dem Vitamin-B12-Gebiet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1963. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19630752302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
BURNHAM BF. Evidence for a negative feedback system in the control of porphyrin biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1962; 7:351-6. [PMID: 13874973 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(62)90313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|