1
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Wang Y, Cheng C, Li S, Sun S, Zhao C. Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase on modified PES membranes for artificial lungs. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2364-2372. [PMID: 38345129 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of carbonic anhydrase (CA) onto an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) membrane can improve the permeability of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, existing CA-grafting methods have limitations, and the hemocompatibility of current substrate membranes of commercial ECMO is not satisfactory. In this study, a 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) activation method is adopted to graft CA with CO2-catalyzed conversion activity onto a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, which is prepared by a phase inversion technique after in situ crosslinking polymerization of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and acrylic acid (AA) in PES solution. The characterization results reveal that CA has been grafted onto the modified PES membrane successfully and exhibits catalytic activity. The kinetic parameters of esterase activity verify that the grafted amount of active CA increases with an increase in the concentration of the CA incubation solution. The CA-grafted membrane (CA-M) can accelerate the conversion of bicarbonate to CO2 in water and blood, which demonstrates the special catalytic activity towards bicarbonate of CA. Finally, blood compatibility tests prove that the CA-M does not lead to hemolysis, shows suppressed protein adsorption and increased coagulation time, and is suitable for application in ECMO. This work demonstrates a green and efficient method for preparing bioactive materials and has practical guiding significance for subsequent pulmonary membrane research and ECMO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Sichuan University, College Biomedical Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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2
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Liu ZY, Sun MX, Hua MQ, Zhang HX, Mu GY, Zhou S, Wang Z, Xiang Q, Cui YM. New perspectives on the induction and acceleration of immune-associated thrombosis by PF4 and VWF. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098665. [PMID: 36926331 PMCID: PMC10011124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4), also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4), is a specific protein synthesized from platelet α particles. The combination of PF4 and heparin to form antigenic complexes is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), but vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) related to the COVID-19 vaccine makes PF4 a research hotspot again. Similar to HIT, vaccines, bacteria, and other non-heparin exposure, PF4 can interact with negatively charged polyanions to form immune complexes and participate in thrombosis. These anions include cell surface mucopolysaccharides, platelet polyphosphates, DNA from endothelial cells, or von Willebrand factor (VWF). Among them, PF4-VWF, as a new immune complex, may induce and promote the formation of immune-associated thrombosis and is expected to become a new target and therapeutic direction. For both HIT and VITT, there is no effective and targeted treatment except discontinuation of suspected drugs. The research and development of targeted drugs based on the mechanism of action have become an unmet clinical need. Here, this study systematically reviewed the characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of PF4 and VWF, elaborated the potential mechanism of action of PF4-VWF complex in immune-associated thrombosis, summarized the current status of new drug research and development for PF4 and VWF, and discussed the possibility of this complex as a potential biomarker for early immune-associated thrombosis events. Moreover, the key points of basic research and clinical evaluation are put forward in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Xue Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man-Qi Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Xu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Min Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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The Role of Platelets in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158270. [PMID: 35955405 PMCID: PMC9368651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is among the most common microvascular complications in patients with diabetes, and it currently accounts for the majority of end-stage kidney disease cases worldwide. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex and multifactorial, including systemic and intra-renal inflammatory and coagulation processes. Activated platelets play a pivotal role in inflammation, coagulation, and fibrosis. Mounting evidence shows that platelets play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. The potentially beneficial effects of antiplatelet agents in preventing progression of DKD has been studied in animal models and clinical trials. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of platelets in DKD, including the potential therapeutic effects of antiplatelet therapies.
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4
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Friede KA, Myers RA, Gales J, Zhbannikov I, Ortel TL, Shah SH, Kraus WE, Ginsburg GS, Voora D. OUP accepted manuscript. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:551-560. [PMID: 35576481 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gene expression biosignatures may hold promise to individualize antiplatelet therapy in conjunction with current guidelines and risk scores. The Aspirin Response Signature (ARS) score is comprised of a weighted sum of correlated, pro-thrombotic gene transcripts measured in whole blood. In prior work where volunteers were exposed to aspirin 325 mg daily, higher ARS score was associated with lower platelet function; separately, in a clinical cohort of patients, higher ARS scores were associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. To better understand this apparent paradox, we measured ARS gene expression and score in volunteers to determine aspirin dose-response and ticagrelor relationships with ARS score and separately in patients to assess whether ARS is associated with incident bleeding. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood samples were collected from volunteers (N = 188) who were exposed to 4 weeks of daily aspirin 81 mg, daily aspirin 325 mg, and/or twice-daily ticagrelor 90 mg. ARS scores were calculated from whole blood RNA qPCR, and platelet function and protein expression were assessed in platelet-rich plasma. In mixed linear regression models, aspirin 81 mg exposure was not associated with changes in ARS gene expression or score. Aspirin 325 mg exposure resulted in a 6.0% increase in ARS gene expression (P = 7.5 × 10-9 vs. baseline, P = 2.1 × 10-4 vs. aspirin 81 mg) and an increase in expression of platelet proteins corresponding to ARS genes. Ticagrelor exposure resulted in a 30.7% increase in ARS gene expression (P < 1 × 10-10 vs. baseline and each aspirin dose) and ARS score (P = 7.0 × 10-7 vs. baseline, P = 3.6 × 10-6 and 5.59 × 10-4 vs. aspirin 81 and 325 mg, respectively). Increases in ARS gene expression or score were associated with the magnitude of platelet inhibition across agents. To assess the association between ARS scores and incident bleeding, ARS scores were calculated in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (N = 1421), of whom 25.4% experienced bleeding events over a median 6.2 years of follow-up. In a Cox model adjusting for demographics and baseline antithrombotic medication use, patients with ARS scores above the median had a higher risk of incident bleeding [hazard ratio 1.26 (95% CI 1.01-1.56), P = 0.038]. CONCLUSIONS The ARS is an Antiplatelet Response Signature that increases in response to greater platelet inhibition due to antiplatelet therapy and may represent a homeostatic mechanism to prevent bleeding. ARS scores could inform future strategies to prevent bleeding while maintaining antiplatelet therapy's benefit of ischaemic cardiovascular event protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Friede
- Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, DUMC 3382, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel A Myers
- Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, DUMC 3382, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Gales
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilya Zhbannikov
- Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, DUMC 3382, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Ortel
- Division of Hematology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, DUMC 3382, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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5
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Song X, Ji H, Li Y, Xiong Y, Qiu L, Zhong R, Tian M, Kizhakkedathu JN, Su B, Wei Q, Zhao W, Zhao C. Transient blood thinning during extracorporeal blood purification via the inactivation of coagulation factors by hydrogel microspheres. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1143-1156. [PMID: 33495638 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During extracorporeal blood purification, anticoagulants are administered to prevent thrombogenesis. However, haemorrhagic complications owing to near-complete inactivation of blood coagulation and delayed recovery of haemostasis pose serious risks to patients. Here, we show in vitro and in beagle dogs that hydrogel microspheres that adsorb the coagulation factors VIII, IX and XI provide transient blood thinning when placed in the extracorporeal circuit before blood purification. The microspheres inhibited the activities of the coagulation factors by levels (~8-30%) similar to those occurring in mild haemophilia. On its reintroduction into the animal, the purified pseudo-haemophilic blood favoured faster recovery of haemostasis. The transient blood-thinning strategy may increase the safety of clinical blood-purification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan University-the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Blood Research and Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan University-the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Song X, Xu T, Yang L, Li Y, Yang Y, Jin L, Zhang J, Zhong R, Sun S, Zhao W, Zhao C. Self-Anticoagulant Nanocomposite Spheres for the Removal of Bilirubin from Whole Blood: A Step toward a Wearable Artificial Liver. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1762-1775. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupei Li
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610225, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunqiang Jin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Zheng Y, Yin M, Yang X, Li Y, Shen J, Guo S. Biocompatible shape‐memory poly(vinyl chloride) with a tunable switching temperature via a plasticization effect. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center of Gerontology and GeriatricsNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Center of Gerontology and GeriatricsNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Song X, Wei R, Zhang X, Zhao W, Zhao C. Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Skeleton Guided Poly(acrylic Acid) Composite Hydrogel Particles with Hierarchical Pore Structure for Hemoperfusion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3987-4001. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Zhu Y, Liu R, Huang H, Zhu Q. Vinblastine-Loaded Nanoparticles with Enhanced Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Decreasing Toxicity: Developed by One-Step Molecular Imprinting Process. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2675-2689. [PMID: 31050894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers have exhibited good performance as carriers on drug loading and sustained release. In this paper, vinblastine (VBL)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (VBL-NPs) were prepared by a one-step molecular imprinting process, avoiding the waste and incomplete removal of the template, and evaluated as targeting carriers for VBL delivery after modification. Using acryloyl amino acid comonomers and disulfide cross-linkers, VBL-NPs were synthesized and then conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol)-folate. The dynamic size of the obtained VBL-NPs-PEG-FA was 258.3 nm (PDI = 0.250), and the encapsulation efficiency was 45.82 ± 1.45%. The nanoparticles of VBL-NPs-PEG-FA were able to completely release VBL during 48 h under a mimic tumor intracellular condition (pH 4.5, 10 mM glutathione (GSH)), displaying significant redox responsiveness, whereas the release rates were much slower in the mimic body liquid (pH 7.4, 2 μM GSH) and tumor extracellular environment (pH 6.5, 2 μM GSH). Furthermore, the carriers NPs-PEG-FA, prepared without VBL, showed satisfactory intrinsic hemocompatibility, cellular compatibility, and tumor-targeting properties: they could rapidly and efficiently accumulate to folate receptor positive Hela cells and then internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the retention in tumor tissues could last for over 48 h. Interestingly, VBL-NPs-PEG-FA could evidently increase the accumulation of VBL in tumor tissues while decreasing the distribution of VBL in organs, exert similar anticancer efficacy against Hela tumors in the xenograft model of nude mice to VBL injection, and significantly improve the abnormality of liver and spleen observed in VBL injection. VBL-NPs-PEG-FA has the potential to be the delivery carrier for VBL by enhancing the tumor-targeting efficacy of VBL and decreasing toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Haoji Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Quanhong Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
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10
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Wang Y, Huang X, He C, Li Y, Zhao W, Zhao C. Design of carboxymethyl chitosan-based heparin-mimicking cross-linked beads for safe and efficient blood purification. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Li Y, Han M, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhao W, Su B, Zhao C. A mussel-inspired approach towards heparin-immobilized cellulose gel beads for selective removal of low density lipoprotein from whole blood. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:116-124. [PMID: 30286984 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a mussel-inspired approach to fabricate heparin-immobilized cellulose (HeTaCe) gel beads with self-anticoagulative and biocompatible properties which can selectively remove low density lipoprotein (LDL) from whole blood directly. First, a phase inversion technique was applied to prepare cellulose gel beads. Then the as-prepared gel beads were dipped into a mixed solution of heparin and tannic acid in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 8.5) to obtain HeTaCe gel beads. Blood compatibility experiments indicated that the HeTaCe gel beads could suppress complement activation as well as contact activation and prolong the clotting times to the upper detect limits (activated partial thromboplastin time >600 s and thrombin time >180 s) of the automated blood coagulation analyzer. An ideal adsorption capacity of LDL in vitro was achieved by the HeTaCe gel beads with an amount of 79.1 mg/g. Besides, dynamic column adsorption test further demonstrated a selective adsorption of LDL without a significant reduction of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in a simulative hemoperfusion system. It is believed that the HeTaCe gel beads will be quite appealing to future clinical practice aiming at lowering LDL and improving the outcomes of patients with high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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12
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Nazy I, Clare R, Staibano P, Warkentin TE, Larché M, Moore JC, Smith JW, Whitlock RP, Kelton JG, Arnold DM. Cellular immune responses to platelet factor 4 and heparin complexes in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1402-1412. [PMID: 29723924 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The immunogenesis of Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is not well understood. Immunization to platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin occurs early in life, before any heparin exposure. PF4 and PF4-heparin complexes induce the proliferation of CD14+ cells. Reduced levels of regulatory cytokines contribute to immune dysregulation in HIT. SUMMARY Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to heparin characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombotic complications. HIT is caused by pathogenic antibodies that bind to complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin, leading to platelet activation and inducing a hypercoagulable state. Previous studies have shown immunity to PF4-heparin complexes occurs early in life, even before heparin exposure; however, the immunogenesis of HIT is not well characterized. Objectives To investigate cellular proliferation in response to PF4-heparin complexes in patients with HIT. Patients/Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls (n = 30), postoperative cardiac surgery patients who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (n = 17) and patients with confirmed HIT (n = 41) were cultured with PF4 and PF4-heparin complexes. Cellular proliferation was assessed by [3 H]thymidine uptake and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine detection. Results and Conclusions PBMCs proliferated in the presence of PF4, and this was enhanced by the addition of heparin in all study groups. CPB and HIT patients showed significantly greater proliferative responses than healthy controls. PBMC proliferation was antigen-specific, depended on the presence of platelets, and only CD14+ cells were identified as proliferating cells. Culture supernatants were tested for the levels of regulatory cytokines, and both CPB and HIT patients produced significantly lower levels of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 than healthy controls. These findings further demonstrate cellular immune sensitization to PF4-heparin complexes occurs before heparin exposure, and suggests immune dysregulation can contribute to HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Clare
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Staibano
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T E Warkentin
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Larché
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Moore
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J W Smith
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R P Whitlock
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J G Kelton
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D M Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Song X, Wang K, Tang CQ, Yang WW, Zhao WF, Zhao CS. Design of Carrageenan-Based Heparin-Mimetic Gel Beads as Self-Anticoagulant Hemoperfusion Adsorbents. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1966-1978. [PMID: 29425448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The currently used hemoperfusion adsorbents such as activated carbon and ion-exchange resin show dissatisfactory hemocompatibility, and a large dose of injected heparin leads to the increasing cost and the risk of systematic bleeding. Natural polysaccharide adsorbents commonly have good biocompatibility, but their application is restricted by the poor mechanical strength and low content of functional groups. Herein, we developed an efficient, self-anticoagulant and blood compatible hemoperfusion adsorbent by imitating the structure and functional groups of heparin. Carrageenan and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) cross-linked networks were built up by the combination of phase inversion of carrageenan and post-cross-linking of AA, and the formed dual-network structure endowed the beads with improved mechanical properties and controlled swelling ratios. The beads exhibited low protein adsorption amounts, low hemolysis ratios, low cytotoxicity, and suppressed complement activation and contact activation levels. Especially, the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time of the gel beads were prolonged over 13, 18, and 4 times than those of the control. The self-anticoagulant and biocompatible beads showed good adsorption capacities toward exogenous toxins (560.34 mg/g for heavy metal ions) and endogenous toxins (14.83 mg/g for creatinine, 228.16 mg/g for bilirubin, and 18.15 mg/g for low density lipoprotein (LDL)), thus, highlighting their potential usage for safe and efficient blood purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Yang
- College of Foreign Languages , University of Electronic Science and Technology , Chengdu , 611731 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Hu X, Shen J, Guo S. Biocompatible Shape Memory Blend for Self-Expandable Stents with Potential Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13988-13998. [PMID: 28382821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Institute of Polymer
Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Center
of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for
Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xue Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Institute of Polymer
Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Institute of Polymer
Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Institute of Polymer
Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
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15
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Nie C, Yang Y, Peng Z, Cheng C, Ma L, Zhao C. Aramid nanofiber as an emerging nanofibrous modifier to enhance ultrafiltration and biological performances of polymeric membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Huang X, Wang R, Lu T, Zhou D, Zhao W, Sun S, Zhao C. Heparin-Like Chitosan Hydrogels with Tunable Swelling Behavior, Prolonged Clotting Times, and Prevented Contact Activation and Complement Activation. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:4011-4020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Huang
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ting Lu
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dongxu Zhou
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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17
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Norozi F, Shahrabi S, Hajizamani S, Saki N. Regulatory role of Megakaryocytes on Hematopoietic Stem Cells Quiescence by CXCL4/PF4 in Bone Marrow Niche. Leuk Res 2016; 48:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Peng Z, Yang Y, Luo J, Nie C, Ma L, Cheng C, Zhao C. Nanofibrous polymeric beads from aramid fibers for efficient bilirubin removal. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1392-401. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymer based hemoperfusion has been developed as an effective therapy to remove the extra bilirubin from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jiyue Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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19
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Deng J, Liu X, Ma L, Cheng C, Sun S, Zhao C. Switching biological functionalities of biointerfaces via dynamic covalent bonds. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:694-703. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We construct a stimuli responsive biointerface via a dynamic covalent bond that could switch its surface biofunctionalities on demand. The switchability is achieved via reversible attaching/detaching of aldehyde end-functionalized biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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20
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Bao J, Wu Q, Sun J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Jiang X, Li L, Shi Y, Bu H. Hemocompatibility improvement of perfusion-decellularized clinical-scale liver scaffold through heparin immobilization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10756. [PMID: 26030843 PMCID: PMC5377232 DOI: 10.1038/srep10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-liver perfusion-decellularization is an attractive scaffold–preparation technique for producing clinical transplantable liver tissue. However, the scaffold’s poor hemocompatibility poses a major obstacle. This study was intended to improve the hemocompatibility of perfusion-decellularized porcine liver scaffold via immobilization of heparin. Heparin was immobilized on decellularized liver scaffolds (DLSs) by electrostatic binding using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (/h-LBL scaffold), covalent binding via multi-point attachment (/h-MPA scaffold), or end-point attachment (/h-EPA scaffold). The effect of heparinization on anticoagulant ability and cytocompatibility were investigated. The result of heparin content and release tests revealed EPA technique performed higher efficiency of heparin immobilization than other two methods. Then, systematic in vitro investigation of prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet adhesion and human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation) confirmed the heparinized scaffolds, especially the /h-EPA counterparts, exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. Furthermore, heparin treatments prevented thrombosis successfully in DLSs with blood perfusion after implanted in vivo. Meanwhile, after heparin processes, both primary hepatocyte and endothelial cell viability were also well-maintained, which indicated that heparin treatments with improved biocompatibility might extend to various hemoperfusable whole-organ scaffolds’ preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Bao
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [3] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The first people's hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yujun Shi
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Bu
- 1] Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2] Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [3] Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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21
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Shen X, Su F, Dong J, Fan Z, Duan Y, Li S. In vitrobiocompatibility evaluation of bioresorbable copolymers prepared froml-lactide, 1, 3-trimethylene carbonate, and glycolide for cardiovascular applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:497-514. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Nie C, Ma L, Cheng C, Deng J, Zhao C. Nanofibrous heparin and heparin-mimicking multilayers as highly effective endothelialization and antithrombogenic coatings. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:992-1001. [PMID: 25668587 DOI: 10.1021/bm501882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining the advantages of the fibrous nanostructure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the bioactivities of heparin/heparin-mimicking polyanions, functional nanofibrous heparin or heparin-mimicking multilayers were constructed on PVDF membrane with highly promoted endothelialization and antithrombogenic activities. Oxidized CNT (oCNT) was first functionalized with water-soluble chitosan (polycation), then enwrapped with heparin or a typical sulfonated heparin-mimicking polymers (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-sodium methacrylate)) to construct the multilayers. Then, the surface-deposited multilayers were constructed via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of the functionalized oCNTs. The scanning electron microscope and atom force microscope images confirmed that the coated multilayers exhibited nanofibrous and porous structure. The live/dead cell staining and cell viability assay results indicated that the coated nanofibrous multilayers had excellent compatibility with endothelial cells. The cell morphology observation further confirmed the promotion ability of surface endothelialization due to the coated heparin/heparin-mimicking multilayers. Further systematical evaluation on blood compatibility revealed that the surface heparin/heparin-mimicking multilayer-coated membranes also had significantly improved blood compatibility including restrained platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged blood clotting times, and inhibited activation of coagulation and complement factors. In summary, the proposed nanofibrous multilayers integrated endothelialization and antithrombogenic properties; meanwhile, the heparin-mimicking coating validated comparable performances as heparin coating. Herein, it is expected that the surface coating of nanofibrous multilayers, especially the facilely constructed heparin-mimicking coating, may have great application potential in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiong Nie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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23
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Deng J, Liu X, Ma L, Cheng C, Shi W, Nie C, Zhao C. Heparin-mimicking multilayer coating on polymeric membrane via LbL assembly of cyclodextrin-based supramolecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21603-21614. [PMID: 25375347 DOI: 10.1021/am506249r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multifunctional and heparin-mimicking star-shaped supramolecules-deposited 3D porous multilayer films with improved biocompatibility were fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method on polymeric membrane substrates. Star-shaped heparin-mimicking polyanions (including poly(styrenesulfonate-co-sodium acrylate; Star-PSS-AANa) and poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate; Star-PSS-EGMA)) and polycations (poly(methyl chloride-quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; Star-PMeDMA) were first synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based cores. Then assembly of 3D porous multilayers onto polymeric membrane surfaces was carried out by alternating deposition of the polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interaction. The surface morphology and composition, water contact angle, blood activation, and thrombotic potential as well as cell viability for the coated heparin-mimicking films were systematically investigated. The results of surface ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra verified successful deposition of the star-shaped supramolecules onto the biomedical membrane surfaces; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the modified substrate had 3D porous surface morphology, which might have a great biological influence on the biointerface. Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, human platelet factor 4 (PF4, indicates platelet activation), activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT, indicates blood coagulant)), and blood-related complement activation (C3a and C5a, indicates inflammation potential) confirmed that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coated membranes exhibited ultralow blood component activations and excellent hemocompatibility. Meanwhile, after surface coating, endothelial cell viability was also promoted, which indicated that the heparin-mimicking multilayer coating might extend the application fields of polymeric membranes in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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Tomita A, Tamura N, Nanazawa Y, Shiozaki S, Goto S. Development of virtual platelets implementing the functions of three platelet membrane proteins with different adhesive characteristics. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 22:201-10. [PMID: 25284441 DOI: 10.5551/jat.26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Computer simulation is a new method for understanding biological phenomena. In this report, we developed a simple platelet simulator representing platelet adhesion under blood flow conditions. METHODS We generated virtual platelets based on the functions of three key adhesive proteins: glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPIIb/IIIa and collagen receptors. The adhesive force between GPIbα and von Willebrand factor (VWF) was set to increase in association with increments in the fluid shear stress. GPIIb/IIIa acquires an adhesive force to bind with ligands only when platelets are activated following multiple GPIbα stimulation by VWF or collagen receptors. RESULTS Upon perfusion over the area of virtual endothelial injury, the virtual platelets adhered and became activated to form platelet thrombi. A total of 286/mm(2) of activated platelets was found to have accumulated downstream of the flow obstacle within 30 seconds, with 59/mm(2) platelets adhering upstream. The results obtained with the virtual model were consistent with those for real platelets in human blood in the presence of similarly shaped flow obstacles. CONCLUSIONS Our computer platelet simulator, which employs the functions of three key platelet membrane proteins, shows similar findings for adhesion in the presence and absence of blood flow obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Tomita
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Tokai University School of Medicine
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25
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Wang L, Qin H, Nie S, Sun S, Ran F, Zhao C. Direct synthesis of heparin-like poly(ether sulfone) polymer and its blood compatibility. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8851-63. [PMID: 23871943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, heparin-like poly(ethersulfone) (HLPES) was synthesized by a combination of polycondensation and post-carboxylation methods, and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum and gel permeation chromatography. Owing to the similar backbone structure, the synthesized HLPES could be directly blended with pristine PES at any ratios to prepare PES/HLPES membranes. After the introduction of HLPES, the microscopic structure of the modified PES membranes was changed, while the hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced. Bovine serum albumin and bovine serum fibrinogen adsorption, activated partial thromboplastin time, thromb time and platelet adhesion for the modified PES membranes were investigated. The results indicated that the blood compatibility of the PES/HLPES membranes was significantly improved compared with that of pristine PES membrane. For the PES/HLPES membranes, obvious decreases in platelet activation on PF-4 level, in complement activation on C3a and C5a levels, and in leukocytes activation on CD11b levels were observed compared with those for the pristine PES membrane. The improved blood compatibility of the PES/HLPES membrane might due to the existence of the hydrophilic groups (-SO3Na, -COONa). Furthermore, the modified PES membranes showed good cytocompatibility. Hepatocytes cultured on the PES/HLPES membranes presented improved growth in terms of SEM observation, MTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscope observation compared with those on the pristine PES membrane. These results indicate that the PES/HLPES membranes present great potential in blood-contact fields such as hemodialysis and bio-artificial liver supports.
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26
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Platelet factor-4 (CXCL4/PF-4): An angiostatic chemokine for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The role of the CXC chemokines platelet factor-4 (CXCL4/PF-4) and its variant (CXCL4L1/PF-4var) in inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 22:1-18. [PMID: 21111666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites. They also affect tumor development and metastasis by acting as growth factor, by attracting pro- or anti-tumoral leukocytes or by influencing angiogenesis. Platelet factor-4 (CXCL4/PF-4) was the first chemokine shown to inhibit angiogenesis. CXCL4L1/PF-4var, recently isolated from thrombin-stimulated platelets, differing from authentic CXCL4/PF-4 in three carboxy-terminally located amino acids, was found to be more potent than CXCL4/PF-4 in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Both glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and CXCR3 are implicated in the activities of the PF-4 variants. This report reviews the current knowledge on the role of CXCL4/PF-4 and CXCL4L1/PF-4var in physiological and pathological processes. In particular, the role of CXCL4/PF-4 in cancer, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and atherosclerosis is described.
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28
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Interrelation between peripheral platelet count and platelet activation during and after liver surgery in pigs. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2010; 21:237-41. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e3283358149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ballard HS, Marcus AJ. Primary and secondary platelet aggregation in uraemia. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 9:198-203. [PMID: 5055029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1972.tb00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Day HJ, Stormorken H, Holmsen H. Subcellular localization of platelet factor 3 and platelet factor 4. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 10:254-60. [PMID: 4797189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1973.tb00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Vermylen J, Dotremont G, Donati MB, De Gaetano G, Michielsen P. Pharmacological modification of urinary excretion of fibrinogen-like material in glomerulonephritis. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 13:365-9. [PMID: 5290696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1971.tb02037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Day HJ, Solum NO. Fibrinogen associated with subcellular platelet particles. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 10:136-43. [PMID: 4731088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1973.tb00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Broberg M, Nygren H. Exposure of fibrinogen-adherent platelets to plasma proteins: a new method for studying protein interactions with platelets. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 66:403-10. [PMID: 12889011 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effects of mediators in coagulating blood at biomaterial surfaces, it is important to use methods that resemble the normal sequence of events in wound healing around implants. The initial adhesion of platelets from whole blood onto material surfaces is mediated by the fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, as shown in a previous study (Broberg et al., J Lab Clin Med 2002; 139:163-172). In this study, isolated platelets were adhered to fibrinogen and exposed to IgG, von Willebrand factor, or thrombin. The response was detected as the number of adherent platelets, the spreading of platelets, the exposure of CD62P (P-selectin), and the release of platelet factor 4 (PF4), ADP, and ATP. These results were compared to the response of platelets adhering to surfaces coated with the same proteins. Fibrinogen-adherent platelets exposed to thrombin generated the significantly highest exposure of CD62P and release of PF4, ADP, and ATP. When platelets were adhered to different protein coatings, von Willebrand factor generated the most CD62P exposure, IgG generated the most PF4 release, and thrombin generated the highest concentration of ADP. These results indicate that protein interactions with platelets may generate different results, depending on the mode of protein exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Broberg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Göteborg, Box 420, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Gear ARL, Camerini D. Platelet chemokines and chemokine receptors: linking hemostasis, inflammation, and host defense. Microcirculation 2003; 10:335-50. [PMID: 12851650 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mn.7800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2002] [Accepted: 02/24/2003] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets play critical roles in hemostasis, providing rapid essential protection against bleeding and catalyzing the important slower formation of stable blood clots via the coagulation cascade. They are also involved in protection from infection by phagocytosis of pathogens and by secreting chemokines that attract leukocytes. Platelet function usually is activated by primary agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, and collagen, whereas secondary agonists like adrenalin do not induce aggregation on their own but become highly effective in the presence of low levels of primary agonists. Current research has revealed that chemokines represent an important additional class of agonists capable of causing significant activation of platelet function. Early work on platelet alpha-granule proteins suggested that platelet factor 4, now known as CXCL4, modulated aggregation and secretion induced by low agonist levels. Subsequent reports revealed the presence in platelets of messenger RNA for several additional chemokines and chemokine receptors. Three chemokines in particular, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CCL17 (TARC), and CCL22 (MDC), recently have been shown to be strong and rapid activators of platelet aggregation and adhesion after their binding to platelet CXCR4 or CCR4, when acting in combination with low levels of primary agonists. CXCL12 can be secreted by endothelial cells and is present in atherosclerotic plaques, whereas CCL17 and CCL22 are secreted by monocytes and macrophages. Platelet activation leads to the release of alpha-granule chemokines, including CCL3 (MIP-1alpha), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL7 (MCP-3), CCL17, CXCL1 (growth-regulated oncogene-alpha), CXCL5 (ENA-78), and CXCL8 (IL-8), which attract leukocytes and further activate other platelets. These findings help to provide a direct linkage between hemostasis, infection, and inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R L Gear
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Gurney D, Lip GYH, Blann AD. A reliable plasma marker of platelet activation: does it exist? Am J Hematol 2002; 70:139-44. [PMID: 12111787 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clear importance of the platelet in various conditions and diseases, there are few opportunities to assess the physiological and pathological functions of this cell. Those without access to a flow cytometer or platelet aggregometer rely on secreted or release products of the platelet. Principle among these molecules are alpha granule components beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor four, and membrane constituents such as P selectin, gpV and glycocalicin. However, notwithstanding the ease of measurement of these markers (i.e., by ELISA) each one has its own particular disadvantage, mostly of methodology and specificity. Nevertheless, if our goal is to improve our ability to recognize and treat subjects with thrombotic disorders, then additional studies on these molecules may prove to be a sound investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gurney
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
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Kozek-Langenecker SA, Kettner SC, Oismueller C, Gonano C, Speiser W, Zimpfer M. Anticoagulation with prostaglandin E1 and unfractionated heparin during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1208-12. [PMID: 9671370 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199807000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of two doses of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, alprostadil) combined with unfractionated heparin on the hemofilter life-span and the coagulation profile during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-four critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients with postoperative acute renal failure who require continuous venovenous hemofiltration. INTERVENTIONS The patients were anticoagulated with 5 ng/kg/min PGE1 and 6 IU/kg/hr heparin or 20 ng/kg/min PGE1 and 6 IU/kg/hr heparin, injected into the extracorporeal circuit before the hemofilter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The life-span of 43 hemofilters was evaluated. They were used until extracorporeal line pressure exceeded 250 mm Hg, ultrafiltration rate decreased to 16 mL/min, or grossly visible extracorporeal clotting occurred. Blood was sampled from the afferent (prefilter) and efferent (postfilter) lines of the extracorporeal circuit. Platelet counts, in vitro platelet function, plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4, prothrombin fragment F1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, routine plasma coagulation tests, and hemodynamic profile were determined before and during hemofiltration. Hemofilter usage was significantly longer in patients anticoagulated with 20 ng/kg/min PGE1 (32 +/- 3 [SEM] hrs) than with 5 ng/kg/min PGE1 (22 +/- 3 hrs). In vitro bleeding parameters were significantly prolonged in postfilter blood in patients receiving 20 ng/kg/min PGE1. Prefilter, there was no antiplatelet activity in either group and platelet counts remained stable. No intra- or intergroup differences in plasma coagulation profile or hemodynamic parameters were detected. CONCLUSION Extracorporeal administration of PGE1, combined with low-dose heparinization, inhibits platelet reactivity and preserves hemofilter life dose-dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kozek-Langenecker
- Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University of Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) has been recognized as an inhibitor of myeloid progenitors. However, the mechanism of action of this chemokine remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to determine its structure/function relationship. A series of peptides overlapping the C-terminal and central regions of PF4 were analyzed in vitro for their action on murine hematopoietic progenitor growth to assess the minimal sequence length required for activity. The peptides p17-58 and p34-58 possessed an increased hematopoietic inhibitory activity when compared with PF4, whereas the shorter peptides p47-58 and p47-70 were equivalent to the native molecule and the peptide p58-70 was inactive. The PF4 functional motif DLQ located in 54-56 was required for the activity of these peptides. The peptide p34-58 impaired to a similar extent the growth of colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) as well as burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), whereas PF4 was more active on CFU-MK. In the experiments using purified murine CD34+ marrow cells, statistically significant inhibition induced by p34-58 was shown at concentrations of 2.2 nmol/L or greater for progenitors of the three lineages, whereas that induced by PF4 was seen at 130 nmol/L for CFU-MK and 650 nmol/L for CFU-GM and BFU-E, indicating that the p34-58 acts directly on hematopoietic progenitors and its activity is approximately 60- to 300-fold higher than PF4. The p34-58, unlike PF4, lacked affinity for heparin and its inhibitory activity could not be abrogated by the addition of heparin. In addition, an antibody recognizing p34-58 neutralized the activity of p34-58 but not whole PF4 molecule. These results demonstrate that PF4 contains a functional domain in its central region, which is independent of the heparin binding properties, and provide evidence for a model of heparin-dependent and independent pathways of PF4 in inhibiting hematopoiesis.
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Kaczmarek E, Koziak K, Sévigny J, Siegel JB, Anrather J, Beaudoin AR, Bach FH, Robson SC. Identification and characterization of CD39/vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:33116-22. [PMID: 8955160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.51.33116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase (ATPDase) is a plasma membrane-bound enzyme that hydrolyses extracellular ATP and ADP to AMP. Analysis of amino acid sequences available from various mammalian and avian ATPDases revealed their close homology with CD39, a putative B-cell activation marker. We, therefore, isolated CD39 cDNA from human endothelial cells and expressed this in COS-7 cells. CD39 was found to have both immunological identity to, and functional characteristics of, the vascular ATPDase. We also demonstrated that ATPDase could inhibit platelet aggregation in response to ADP, collagen, and thrombin, and that this activity in transfected COS-7 cells was lost following exposure to oxidative stress. ATPDase mRNA was present in human placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, and heart and was not detected in brain. Multiple RNA bands were detected with the CD39 cDNA probe that most probably represent different splicing products. Finally, we identified an unique conserved motif, DLGGASTQ, that could be crucial for nucleotide binding, activity, and/or structure of ATPDase. Because ATPDase activity is lost with endothelial cell activation, overexpression of the functional enzyme, or a truncated mutant thereof, may prevent platelet activation associated with vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaczmarek
- Sandoz Center for Immunobiology, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Lebeurier I, Raclet L, Amiral J, Caen JP, Han ZC. Carboxyterminal peptides with the dimeric form of PF4 retain the inhibitory effect on the growth of human megakaryoblastic cell lines. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 1996; 127:179-85. [PMID: 8636646 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2143(96)90076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that platelet factor 4 (PF4) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) inhibit the growth of the human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL). We further studied the effect of PF4, beta-TG, and various related peptides on human leukemic lineages to determine the specificity and the relationship between the inhibitory activity and the molecular structure of PF4. The results showed that PF4 and beta-TG had an inhibitory activity on the megakaryocytic growth. Furthermore, peptides corresponding to the 1-24 and 13-24 residues but not to the 16-24 residue of the PF4 C-terminal region, the 21-29 and 20-28 C-terminal region of beta-TG and IL-8, inhibited only the megakaryocytic cell growth. Interestingly, when Gln and Asn located at positions 15 and 24, respectively, of the PF4 C-terminal region were replaced by Glu and Asp (C13-24DE), an increase in the inhibitory activity was observed. Moreover, the 13-24 monomeric form (13-24M) and modified form (13-24A), where a cysteine in C-terminal position 19 was substituted by arginine, were no longer active. These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of PF4 and its related peptides might be localized in their 13-24 C-terminal region and that a dimeric structure seems to be necessary to exert inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lebeurier
- Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Yoshimitsu K, Wright KC, Wallace S, Charnsangavej C, Mavligit GM. Hepatic arterial infusion of recombinant platelet factor-4 suppresses metastases to the lungs from tumors implanted into the livers of rabbits. Cancer 1995; 75:2435-41. [PMID: 7736386 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950515)75:10<2435::aid-cncr2820751008>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the toxicity (Part I) and antitumor effects (Part II) associated with hepatic arterial infusion of recombinant platelet factor-4 (rPF4), an antiangiogenic protein. METHODS Healthy rabbits (Part I) and rabbits with tumors implanted in their livers (Part II) received saline or rPF4 via hepatic arterial infusion. Three saline-receiving and four rPF4-receiving animals died 2-3 days postinfusion from gastroduodenal thromboembolism. The remaining animals were necropsied 3, 7, 10, or 14 days postinfusion. Blood analyses and hepatic angiography were performed before infusion and at the time of sacrifice. RESULTS In Part I, focal coagulation necrosis of the hepatic parenchyma was observed in 1 of 11 rabbits that received saline and in 6 of 10 that received rPF4. In Part II, hepatic arterial infusion of rPF4 had no effect on growth of the implanted liver tumors. However, the protein significantly reduced the incidence of lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Intraarterial infusion of rPF4 significantly reduced the incidence of lung metastasis. Nonheparin systemic anticoagulation may be needed during catheterization and infusion procedures to prevent thromboemboli.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshimitsu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Cook JJ, Niewiarowski S, Yan Z, Schaffer L, Lu W, Stewart GJ, Mosser DM, Myers JA, Maione TE. Platelet factor 4 efficiently reverses heparin anticoagulation in the rat without adverse effects of heparin-protamine complexes. Circulation 1992; 85:1102-9. [PMID: 1537108 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.85.3.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed that the reversal of heparin anticoagulation in humans by protamine sulfate (PS) results in various adverse reactions including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, activation of complement, increased vascular permeability, systemic hypotension, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and pulmonary edema. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and effects of native platelet factor 4 (PF4) and recombinant platelet factor 4 (rPF4) with those of PS in heparin neutralization in vivo, using a rat model. METHODS AND RESULTS Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and the right femoral vein and carotid artery were cannulated. For determination of activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, white blood cell count, and complement titer, arterial blood samples were taken before and immediately after heparin (10 units/100 g) infusion and at several time points after the infusion of the neutralizing agent (PS, 0.1 mg/100 g; PF4, 0.5 mg/100 g). In separate groups of animals, mean arterial blood pressure was monitored throughout identical protocols and the lungs were prepared for histological examination. The anticoagulant activity of heparin was effectively reversed by all of the neutralizing agents (PS, PF4, and rPF4). Platelet count (48% of initial), white blood cell count (52% of initial), complement titer (60% of initial), and mean arterial pressure (20% decrease) decreased significantly in heparinized animals receiving PS but not in those receiving PF4 or rPF4. Lung interstitium appeared normal when heparin was followed by PF4; however, interstitial edema and hemorrhage were observed with heparin-PS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PF4 efficiently reverses heparin anticoagulation in the rat without the adverse effects of heparin-protamine complexes. Therefore, rPF4 may be an appropriate substitute for PS in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and other procedures that require heparin anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Cook
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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42
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Shigeta O, Lu WQ, Holt JC, Edmunds LH, Niewiarowski S. Ovine platelet factor 4: purification, amino acid sequence, radioimmunoassay and comparison with platelet factor 4 of other species. Thromb Res 1991; 64:509-20. [PMID: 1788836 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(91)90351-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple method of purification of ovine platelet factor 4 (PF4) is described. Material released by freezing and thawing suspension of washed sheep platelets was fractionated by heparin-agarose chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Purified ovine PF4 contained 85 amino acids (Mr 9130) and showed 78% homology with bovine PF4, 76% with porcine PF4, 71% homology with human PF4, and 61% with rat PF4. The heparin binding site of ovine PF4 localized in the C-terminal region of the molecule was identified as LYKKIIKRLL. The content of PF4 determined by radioimmunoassay was 22.6 (+/- 1.6 S.D.) micrograms per 10(9) platelets and 46.8 (+/- 19.6 S.D.) ng per ml platelet poor plasma collected in acid citrate dextrose in the presence of prostaglandin E1. PF4 was rapidly released during stimulation of ovine platelets by collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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Shanberge JN, Quattrociocchi-Longe TM. Influence of platelet factor 4 on the neutralization of heparin by protamine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989; 556:354-65. [PMID: 2735664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb22516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, PF4 is comparable to protamine sulfate in the neutralization of heparin, but the complexes formed with heparin are different. Even with an excess of PF4, no large PF4-heparin complexes are formed and none of the complexes are able to activate ATIII, nor do these complexes dissociate on incubation in plasma at 37 degrees C. The action of PF4 and protamine is complementary. However, excess protamine displaces PF4 or prevents its complexing with heparin. When excess protamine is used to neutralize heparin in the presence of PF4, large heparin-protamine complexes are formed incorporating PF4. In contrast to the heparin-protamine complexes formed without PF4, these do not activate ATIII nor do they dissociate on incubation. Since PF4 is liberated during ECB procedures, its contribution to the stability of heparin-protamine complexes in vivo may influence the amount of protamine needed to neutralize heparin as well as affect the reactions which have been reported on injection of protamine after ECB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Shanberge
- Department of Clinical Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan 48072
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Shanberge JN, Quattrociocchi-Longe TM, Martens MH. Interrelationship of protamine and platelet factor 4 in the neutralization of heparin. Thromb Res 1987; 46:89-100. [PMID: 3590116 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(87)90209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the interaction of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and protamine sulfate in the neutralization of heparin in plasma in vitro studies were carried out using a tritium-labeled heparin and a PF4 tagged with 14C. Plasmas treated with various combinations of PF4, protamine and heparin were chromatographed on Sephadex G200 and the fractions were tested for both radioactivity and antithrombin activity. PF4 was comparable to protamine in its ability to neutralize heparin, but the complexes formed with heparin were different. In contrast to protamine, when heparinized plasma was treated with an excess of PF4, no large PF4-heparin complexes were formed and none of the PF4-heparin complexes which did form were able to activate antithrombin III (ATIII). Also, incubation of PF4-neutralized, heparinized plasma at 37 degrees C did not result in liberation of heparin and prolongation of the thrombin clotting time as was found with protamine-neutralized plasma. The action of protamine and PF4 is complimentary. When half the neutralizing dose of each was added together to heparinized plasma, no immediate antithrombin activity remained. When a neutralizing dose of protamine was added to PF4-neutralized, heparinized plasma, the protamine displaced the PF4 from its complexes with heparin. The large protamine-heparin complexes which formed also contained PF4 but could not activate fresh ATIII as has been demonstrated with protamine-heparin complexes without PF4. On incubation of the protamine-PF4-neutralized, heparinized plasmas for 5 hours at 37 degrees C, the large complexes were broken down but no active heparin appeared. The results of these experiments may have some bearing on the amount of protamine needed for the neutralization of heparin following extracorporeal bypass procedures, when large amounts of PF4 may have been released from activated or disrupted platelets.
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Okayama M, Oguri K, Fujiwara Y, Nakanishi H, Yonekura H, Kondo T, Ui N. Purification and characterization of human platelet proteoglycan. Biochem J 1986; 233:73-81. [PMID: 3954736 PMCID: PMC1152987 DOI: 10.1042/bj2330073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Freshly prepared platelets were shown to contain glycosaminoglycans equivalent to 530 micrograms of hexuronate/10(11) platelets. When the platelets were extracted with 4 M-guanidinium chloride containing proteinase inhibitors, and the extract was dialysed extensively against 7 M-urea solution, almost all of proteoglycan was recovered in the urea-soluble fraction. The proteoglycan was purified from the urea-soluble fraction with a yield of 47% by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation, Bio-Gel A-15m gel filtration and then rechromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The purified proteoglycan contained 30% glucuronic acid, 32% N-acetylgalactosamine, 14% sulphate and 15% protein. Serine, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and leucine accounted for 64% of the total amino acids. The Mr of the proteoglycan was assessed to be approx. 136000 by sedimentation-equilibrium methods. The galactosaminoglycan released by alkaline-borohydride treatment of the proteoglycan was converted stoichiometrically into 4-sulphated unsaturated disaccharide by digestion with chondroitinase AC-II, indicating that the galactosaminoglycan was fully sulphated chondroitin 4-sulphate. The apparent Mr of the chondroitin sulphate was assessed to be 28000 by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m (KD 0.18). On two-dimensional electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane, the chondroitin sulphate gave a single compact spot co-migrating with a reference chondroitin sulphate, indicating that the chondroitin sulphate chains were homogeneous in both length and charge density. On the basis of these results, the proteoglycan in human platelets was concluded to be a macromolecule of Mr 136000 containing four chondroitin 4-sulphate chains each with the apparent Mr of 28000.
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Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome characterized by hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia is associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolism and increased platelet hyperaggregability. Although plasma coagulation proteins are also abnormal, changes are too inconsistent to attribute thromboembolic complications to the coagulation cascade alone. Antithrombin III (ATIII) has been shown to be deficient in nephrotic syndrome. There is, however, an increase in alpha 2 macroglobulin. It is clear that platelet to platelet interactions require exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors, the binding of fibrinogen to these receptors, platelet crossbridging, and subsequent platelet aggregation. Fibrinogen is consistently elevated in nephrotic syndrome. Hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminemia in nephrotic syndrome increases the availability of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) by increasing the availability of TxA2 precursors and the removal of TxA2 inhibitors. Thromboxane A2 is a known inducer of platelet aggregation probably through the exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors. Recently, fibronectins a group of adhesive proteins, were implicated in platelet to platelet interactions. Since thrombin increases the expression of platelet surface fibronectin, fibronectin may be involved in thrombus formation in nephrotic syndrome. Thromboembolic formation in nephrotic syndrome is a composite mechanism involving the coagulation cascade, platelet-platelet interactions, and platelet-surface interactions.
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Shimizu T, Hasegawa I, Fukuda T, Kato K. Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of platelet factor 4 in blood plasma. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 138:151-61. [PMID: 6373058 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich enzyme immunoassay method for the measurement of platelet factor 4 (PF4) was developed with the use of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibody F(ab')2 fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli. The measurable range was 30 pg to 3 ng of PF4 per tube. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were less than 10%. The results obtained with the enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those of a radioimmunoassay (r = 0.952, slope = 0.954, gamma-intercept = 2.43 ng/ml). Platelets contained large amounts of PF4 (7.21 +/- 1.97 ng/10(6) cells or 2.51 +/- 1.13 ng/mg protein), whereas the PF4 levels in red blood cells and lymphocytes were negligible, confirming the specific localization of PF4 in platelets. The applicability of the immunoassay method was tested to determine the in vitro release of PF4 during preparation and storage of platelet concentrates.
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Abstract
Among extracellular biological processes the spatial control of blood clotting is a unique phenomenon. Localization in space has very important consequences in both normal and pathological conditions. Under physiological circumstances a clot is formed only in the vicinity of injury, albeit the prerequisites of coagulation are almost completely given in the whole circulation. The local character of blood clotting is secured by the following major conditions: The regulatory signal initiating coagulation-the damaged vascular wall-is itself a surface on which the majority of clotting reactions take place. The first enzyme, factor XII, of the intrinsic coagulation pathway is activated on the collagen fibers exposed in the damaged vascular wall, although the significance of this reaction in respect of the clotting process is ambiguous. On the membrane of platelets adhered to the damaged blood vessel is activated factor XI, too, which is a well-established participant of the intrinsic clotting process. The further consecutive reactions of coagulation are confined to the surface produced by injury, because the enzymes involved contain gamma-carboxyl-glutamyl side chains which are anchored through calcium bridges to the phospholipids of the platelet membrane. The last enzyme of the sequence is thrombin, which is released from the surface. The reactions taking place on the surface form an enzyme cascade, which amplifies the relatively weak triggering signal by several orders of magnitudes. Amplification is ensured not only by the enzyme-substrate relationship of the consecutive reaction partners, but also by spatial confinement, which endows the process with higher efficacy than could be expected on a statistical basis from reactions in solution. It contributes to the efficiency of enzyme cascade that the non-enzymatic regulatory proteins increase the activity of factors IXa and Xa, and thereby the overall process. While the partner of factor IXa, factor VIII, is captured from plasma, factor V, the partner of factor Xa, is derived from the platelets adhered to the damaged surface and orients the binding of factor Xa. The surface localization ensures the protection of the members of clotting system: In the activator complexes found on the surface, the spatial arrangement of clotting factors prevents the inactivation of factors by physiological inhibitors or by proteolytic enzymes and specific antibodies that appear in the circulation in pathological conditions. Platelet factor 4, derived from platelets, binds heparin and thereby markedly decreases the reactivity of antithrombin III, the physiological inhibitor of clotting factors. The above two circumstances are
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