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Abstract
My Ph.D. thesis in the laboratory of Severo Ochoa at New York University School of Medicine in 1962 included the determination of the nucleotide compositions of codons specifying amino acids. The experiments were based on the use of random copolyribonucleotides (synthesized by polynucleotide phosphorylase) as messenger RNA in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. At Yale University, where I joined the faculty, my co-workers and I first studied the mechanisms of protein synthesis. Thereafter, we explored the interferons (IFNs), which were discovered as antiviral defense agents but were revealed to be components of a highly complex multifunctional system. We isolated pure IFNs and characterized IFN-activated genes, the proteins they encode, and their functions. We concentrated on a cluster of IFN-activated genes, the p200 cluster, which arose by repeated gene duplications and which encodes a large family of highly multifunctional proteins. For example, the murine protein p204 can be activated in numerous tissues by distinct transcription factors. It modulates cell proliferation and the differentiation of a variety of tissues by binding to many proteins. p204 also inhibits the activities of wild-type Ras proteins and Ras oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lengyel
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Gandin V, Topisirovic I. Co-translational mechanisms of quality control of newly synthesized polypeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:e28109. [PMID: 26779401 PMCID: PMC4705825 DOI: 10.4161/trla.28109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During protein synthesis, nascent polypeptides emerge from ribosomes to fold into functional proteins. Misfolding of newly synthesized polypeptides (NSPs) at this stage leads to their aggregation. These misfolded NSPs must be expediently cleared to circumvent the deleterious effects of protein aggregation on cell physiology. To this end, a sizable portion of NSPs are ubiquitinated and rapidly degraded by the proteasome. This suggests the existence of co-translational mechanisms that play a pivotal role in the quality control of NSPs. It is generally thought that ribosomes play a central role in this process. During mRNA translation, ribosomes sense errors that lead to the accumulation of aberrant polypeptides, and serve as a hub for protein complexes that are required for optimal folding and/or proteasome-dependent degradation of misfolded polypeptides. In this review, we discuss recent findings that shed light on the molecular underpinnings of the co-translational quality control of NSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gandin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital; Montréal, QC Canada; Department of Oncology; McGill University; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital; Montréal, QC Canada; Department of Oncology; McGill University; Montréal, QC Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Bøgestrand S, Wiborg O, Thirup S, Nyborg J. Analysis and crystallization of a 25 kDa C-terminal fragment of cloned elongation factor Ts from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett 1995; 368:49-54. [PMID: 7615087 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A 25 kDa C-terminal tryptic fragment of elongation factor Ts has been purified to homogeneity. Experimental evidence suggests that the 25 kDa C-terminal and the 5.3 kDa N-terminal fragments are structurally independent domains. The N-terminal fragment is shown to be essential for the nucleotide exchange activity. Crystals of the C-terminal fragment belong to space group P2 or P2(1). The diffraction pattern shows a pronounced pseudo-C2 symmetry at low resolution. This pseudo symmetry increases when the crystals are irradiated with X-rays for a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bøgestrand
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Jonák J, Petersen TE, Meloun B, Rychlík I. Histidine residues in elongation factor EF-tu from Escherichia coli protected by aminoacyl-tRNA against photo-oxidation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 144:295-303. [PMID: 6386466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of Escherichia coli elongation factor EF-Tu with GTP or GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA were photo-oxidized by irradiation with visible light in the presence of rose bengal dye. EF-Tu was isolated, digested with trypsin, the resulting tryptic peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the position of most of the peptides on the chromatogram was determined. Irradiation of complexes resulted in the inactivation of the factor (as tested by its capacity to interact with aminoacyl-tRNA) and was accompanied by the loss of its histidine residues (as revealed by amino acid analysis) and by the decrease in the amount of some tryptic peptides (as detected by HPLC). Aminoacyl-tRNA, bound to EF-Tu during the irradiation, protected the protein from inactivation, from the loss of histidine residues and some of its peptides from photo-oxidative degradation. Comparison of quantities of individual tryptic peptides recovered from the irradiated EF-Tu X GTP X aminoacyl-tRNA complex with those from the irradiated EF-Tu X GTP complex revealed that histidine-containing peptides T12 and T15 as well as methionine-containing peptide T14 were in the ternary complex markedly protected against the photo-oxidative degradation. This finding suggests that their histidines, i.e. His-66 and His-118 respectively and at least one of the methionines (Met-91, 98 or 112) present in peptide T14 are located near to or at the binding site of EF-Tu for aminoacyl-tRNA and could be involved in the interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA and the factor.
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6
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Hsu LM, Lin FL, Nurse K, Ofengand J. Covalent crosslinking of Escherichia coli phenylalanyl-tRNA and valyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site via photoaffinity probes attached to the 4-thiouridine residue. J Mol Biol 1984; 172:57-76. [PMID: 6319713 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
tRNAPhe and tRNAVal of Escherichia coli were derivatized at the S4U8 position with p-azidophenacyl and p-azidophenacylacetate photoaffinity probes. The modified tRNAs could still function efficiently in all of the partial reactions of protein synthesis except for an approximately sevenfold decrease in the rate of translocation. Irradiation (310 to 340 nm) of probe-modified Phe-tRNA or Val-tRNA placed in the ribosomal A site led to crosslinking that was totally dependent on irradiation, the presence of the azido group on the probe, mRNA, and elongation factor Tu (EFTu). Prephotolysis of the modified tRNA abolished crosslinking, but prephotolysis of the ribosomes and factors had little effect. Crosslinking was efficiently quenched by mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, demonstrating accessibility of the probe to solvent. Use of GDPCP in place of GTP also blocked crosslinking, probably because of the retention of EFTu on the ribosome. Crosslinking with the p-azidophenacyl acetate (12 A) probe was only half as efficient as with the p-azidophenacyl (9 A) probe, and this ratio was not changed by varying Mg2+ from 5 to 15 mM. The crosslink was from a functional A site, since AcPhePhe-tRNA at the A site could be crosslinked, and it was A site-specific, because neither translocation nor direct non-enzymatic P site binding yielded any significant covalent product. The crosslink was to ribosomal protein(s) of the 30 S subunit. No other ribosomal component was crosslinked. Identification of the protein crosslinked is described in the accompanying paper.
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Kao T, Miller DL, Abo M, Ofengand J. Formation and properties of a covalent complex between elongation factor Tu and Phe-tRNA bearing a photoaffinity probe on its 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine residue. J Mol Biol 1983; 166:383-405. [PMID: 6190001 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Phe-tRNA, modified with the photoaffinity reagent 6-(2-nitro-4-azidophenylamino)caproate on the 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine residue, was crosslinked to E. coli EFTu Section upon irradiation at 0 degree C with visible light at wavelengths greater than 400 nm. Crosslinking was dependent on irradiation, the photoaffinity probe, and was blocked by pre-photolysis. 1 mM-dithiothreitol completely quenched crosslinking. Binding of the tRNA to EFTu was a prerequisite for crosslinking, because neither EFTu . GDP nor AcPhe-tRNA could substitute; EFTu . GDPCP, however, was almost as active as EFTu . GTP. Crosslinking was complete in less than five minutes and was stable to at least 20 minutes of irradiation with a single 650 W tungsten lamp 4 cm away. The crosslinking yield ranged from 15% to 25%. The crosslinked complex possessed several remarkable properties. At 0.5 mM-Mg2+, the complex protected the AA-tRNA link to chemical hydrolysis, stabilized the bound GTP to dissociation or exchange, and was not adsorbed to cellulose nitrate filters. The purified crosslinked complex could be bound to ribosomes with concomitant hydrolysis of GTP. Extensive peptide bond formation with AcPhe-tRNA in the P site occurred despite the presence of the crosslinked EFTu. We conclude that hydrolysis of GTP is sufficient to release the 3' end of the Phe-tRNA from complexation with EFTu. Translocation of the A site bound complex did not occur. The crosslink site on EFTu is probably near the periphery of the molecule, because shortening the probe from 20 A to 14 A completely blocked crosslinking. A similar but shorter 8 A probe, p-azidophenacyl-4-thiouridine located on the opposite face of the tRNA, did not crosslink.
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Chetverin AB, Spirin AS. Bioenergetics and protein synthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 683:153-79. [PMID: 6295473 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(82)90009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Parmeggiani A, Sander G. Properties and regulation of the GTPase activities of elongation factors Tu and G, and of initiation factor 2. Mol Cell Biochem 1981; 35:129-58. [PMID: 6113539 DOI: 10.1007/bf02357085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During protein synthesis the interaction with ribosomes of elongation factors Tu (EF-Tu), G (EF-G) and initiation factor 2 (IF-2) is associated with the hydrolysis of GTP which is directly related to the functions of the factors. In this article we review systematically the properties of these GTPase activities in the presence and absence of protein synthesis, and by examining the characteristics of the different minimal systems for the expression of these activities we point to the role of the various effectors and to the enzymological aspects of the systems. For EF-Tu, it has been possible to eliminate any requirement for macromolecular effectors, showing that the factor itself is a GTPase. For EF-G, the presence of at least the 50S ribosomal subunit has remained a requirement, whereas IF-2 needs both the 50S and 30S subunits to exhibit GTPase activity. Between the GTPase activities of the three factors there are some striking similarities, but important differences prevail as a consequence of the specificity of the different functions. This can also be seen by examining the respective ribosomal regions implicated in these reactions. When coupled with protein synthesis, the three GTPase activities reveal characteristics differing from those observed in partial systems.
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Yamane T, Miller DL, Hopfield JJ. Interaction of elongation factor Tu with the aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid dimer Phe-tRNA-Glu-tRNA. Biochemistry 1981; 20:449-52. [PMID: 7008845 DOI: 10.1021/bi00505a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of EF-Tu.GTP on the codon-anticodon interaction of AA-tRNA was studied by using as a model system the interaction of AA-tRNAs with complementary anticodons, namely, dimerization between yeast or Escherichia coli Phe-tRNAPhe (anticodon GmAA) and E. coli Glu-tRNAGlu (anticodon s2UUC) or nonacylated tRNAGlu in the presence or absence of EF-Tu.GTP. The present data indicate that the ternary complexes Phe-tRNA-EF-Tu.GTP and Glu-tRNA-EF-Tu.GTP can form dimers with a binding constant of (0.9 +/- 0.2) X 10(6) M-1, which is identical in magnitude with that of the dimer of the nonacylated tRNAs tRNAPhe-tRNAGlu and also with that of the complex Phe-tRNA-EF-Tu.GTP with nonacylated tRNAGlu. These results show that the anticodon region is not affected by complexation with EF-Tu.GTP; however, this conclusion does not preclude the possibility of structural changes in the anticodon loop that have no effect in energetic terms. In addition, this model codon-anticodon interaction does not stimulate hydrolysis of the GTP bound in the ternary complex.
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Campuzano S, Modolell J. Hydrolysis of GTP on elongation factor Tu.ribosome complexes promoted by 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:905-9. [PMID: 6987671 PMCID: PMC348390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.2.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of Escherichia coli ribosomes and elongation factor EF) Tu, 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine (AdoPhe), the 3'-terminal portion of Phe-tRNAPhe, promotes the hydrolysis of GTP. The reaction requires the presence of both 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits and of proteins L7/L12 on the 50S subunit, is unaffected by mRNA [poly(uridylic acid)], and is strongly stimulated by EF-Ts. It is proposed that the AdoPhe-dependent GTP hydrolysis, like that promoted by aminoacyl-tRNA, is mediated by a ternary complex with EF-Tu and GTP; however, in contrast to aminoacyl-tRNA, AdoPhe is probably not retained by ribosomes after GTP hydrolysis. Phe-tRNAPhe or N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe bound to the ribosomal acceptor site do not inhibit, but even stimulate, GTP hydrolysis by AdoPhe.EF-Tu.GTP. Thus, the binding site for EF-Tu on the ribosome is probably available for interaction with AdoPhe.EF-Tu.GTP regardless of whether the nearby acceptor site is vacant of occupied with aminoacyl-tRNA or peptidyl-tRNA. The results demonstrate the critical role of the 3'-terminal region of aminoacyl-tRNA in activating the EF-Tu- plus ribosome-dependent GTPase.
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Beck BD. Polymerization of the bacterial elongation factor for protein synthesis, EF-Tu. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 97:495-502. [PMID: 467429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial elongation factor for protein synthesis, EF-Tu, polymerizes into fibrils at pH 6.0. These fibrils are 0.7 microM in diameter, at least 200 microns in length, and are positively birefringent. Electron microscopic observations of negatively stained images demonstrates that the EF-Tu fibrils consist of bundles of individual filaments, approximately 5nm in diameter, aligned parallel to the long axis of the fibril. Polymerized EF-Tu exchanges nucleotide rapidly and interacts with the other elongation factor, EF-Ts. The antibiotic kirromycin induces the polymerization of EF-Tu into fibrils and even larger structures under nonpolymerizing conditions.
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13
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Cross-linking of initiation factor IF2 to proteins L7/L12 in 70 S ribosomes of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Mazumder R. Sites of action of fusidic acid in eukaryotes. Inhibition by fusidic acid of a ribosome-independent GTPase from Artemia salina embryos. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 58:549-54. [PMID: 171159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. A ribosome-independent GTPase activity has been isolated from the high-speed supernatant fraction of Artemia salina embryos, and some of its properties have been studied. This activity is inhibited by fusidic acid, an antibiotic generally thought to inhibit only EF-2 in eukaryotes. However, several lines of evidence indicate that the GTPase activity, described here, is distinct from EF-2. The results suggest, therefore, that the inhibitory effect of fusidic acid in eukaryotic systems is not restricted to EF-2 (and ribosome)-dependent functions only. 2. The results of other experiments have revealed that, despite its ability to inhibit the GTPase activity mentioned above, fusidic acid is not a non-specific inhibitor of all ribosome-independent GTPase and ATPase activities present in eukaryotic cells.
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San Millan MJ, Vazquez D, Modolell J. The interaction of fusidic acid with peptidyl-transfer-ribonucleic-acid - ribosome complexes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 57:431-40. [PMID: 1100406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory action of fusidic acid on peptide-chain elongation was studied with systems in vitro directed by either polyuridylic acid or endogenous messenger (Escherichia coli polysomes washed with 1 M NH4Cl) or R17 RNA, and supplemented with either crude or purified elongation factors. In all cases strong inhibition of synthesis required high concentrations of the antibiotic (approx. 1 mM), while a similar inhibition of the EF-G-plus-ribosome-dependent GTP hydrolysis required between 10 and 100 times less antibiotic. Since most of the GTP hydrolysis observed was presumably due to free ribosomes (without aminoacyl-tRNA or peptidyl-tRNA), fusidic acid seemed to interact far more easily with these ribosomes than with ribosomes engaged in peptide-chain elongation. The role of the GDP-EF-G-ribosome-fusidic acid complex in the inhibition of polypeptide synthesis was assessed by measuring formation of this complex on polysomes engaged in peptide-chain elongation. Using purified elongation factors the complex formed on only 25-35% of ribosomes, as measured either by retention of [3H]GDP or by hydrolysis of [3H, gamma-32P]GTP. In contrast, with crude factors (S 100 extract) it formed on more than 70% of ribosomes. The results are compatible with the postulated role of the complex in polypeptide synthesis inhibition (blockade of the ribosomal acceptor site and subsequent inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA binding) and indicate that formation of the complex takes place by overriding the control that prevents interaction of EF-G when the donor site is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA. In the polyuridylic-acid-directed system for synthesis of oligophenylalanine the antibiotic inhibits every round of peptide elongation, including dipeptide formation, to roughly the same extent.
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Dionne P, Rosano CL, Hurwitz C. Effect of tetracycline on puromycin-induced polysome degradation: influence of magnesium and polyamines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1975; 7:571-7. [PMID: 1096807 PMCID: PMC429184 DOI: 10.1128/aac.7.5.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Puromycin-induced polysome degradation has been shown to require G factor, guanosine 5'-triphosphate, and the presence of a ribosome release factor (Hirashima and Kaji, 1972, 1973). Tetracycline, which does not inhibit formation of peptidyl-puromycin (Gottesman, 1967; Sarkar and Thach, 1968) nor the guanosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis mediated by elongation factor Tu (Ono et al., 1969), inhibits polysome degradation. The tetracycline inhibition requires Mg(2+) at concentrations above 8 mM, which are inhibitory to protein synthesis in vitro. At concentrations of Mg(2+) below 8 mM, polysome degradation is insensitive to tetracycline, but not to fusidic acid. Addition of spermidine, but not of other polyamines, enables the tetracycline inhibition to occur at concentrations of Mg(2+) as low as 2 mM. The inhibition by tetracycline and by fusidic acid suggests that ribosome movement may be essential for the function of ribosome release factor, or that these antibiotics may directly affect its action.
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Lee JC, Roach MC. Formation of aminoacyl-tRNA-guanulul-5'-methylene diphosphonate-elongation factor complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 63:864-9. [PMID: 1093548 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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19
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Kuwano M, Endo H, Kamiya T, Hori K. A mutant of Escherichia coli blocked in peptide elongation: altered elongation factor Ts. J Mol Biol 1974; 86:689-98. [PMID: 4610143 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Hamel E, Cashel M. Guanine nucleotides in protein synthesis. Utilization of pppGpp and dGTP by initiation factor 2 and elongation factor Tu. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 162:293-300. [PMID: 4598531 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Arai KI, Kawakita M, Kaziro Y, Maeda T, Ohnishi SI. Conformational Transition in Polypeptide Elongation Factor Tu as Revealed by Electron Spin Resonance. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Grummt F, Grummt I, Erdmann VA. ATPase and GTPase activities isolated from rat liver ribosomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 43:343-8. [PMID: 4365186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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24
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Ganoza MC, Fox JL. Isolation of a Soluble Factor Needed for Protein Synthesis with Various Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Other Than Poly(U). J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Lucas-Lenard J, Beres L. 2. Protein Synthesis—Peptide Chain Elongation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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26
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27
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3. Polypeptide Chain Termination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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28
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Relation between the Ribosomal Sites Involved in Initiation and Elongation of Polypeptide Chains. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Fakunding JL, Traut RR, Hershey JW. Dependence of Initiation Factor IF-2 Activity on Proteins L7 and L12 from Escherichia coli 50 S Ribosomes. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Horne JR, Erdmann VA. ATPase and GTPase activities associated with a specific 5S RNA-protein complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:2870-3. [PMID: 4355369 PMCID: PMC427128 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.10.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An RNA-protein complex consisting of 5S RNA and two ribosomal proteins, B-L5 and B-L22, was isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomes and found to be active in GTP hydrolysis. This activity was not influenced by elongation factor G. Further analysis of this complex showed that it was also able to hydrolyze ATP. Inhibition studies revealed that ATP was a noncompetitive inhibitor of GTP and that GTP was also a noncompetitive inhibitor of ATP, indicating that two different enzymatic sites were involved. Differences in pH optimum and optimal temperature also point to a twosite enzyme complex. Both enzymatic hydrolyses were inhibited by thiostrepton and fusidic acid, which are known inhibitors of protein synthesis.
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Varrone S, Di Lauro R, Macchia V. Stimulation of polypeptide synthesis by cyclic 3'-5'-guanosine monophosphate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 157:334-8. [PMID: 4354316 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Tate WP, Beaudet AL, Caskey CT. Influence of guanine nucleotides and elongation factors on interaction of release factors with the ribosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:2350-5. [PMID: 4525170 PMCID: PMC433733 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.8.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Release of formylmethionine from the reticulocyte ribosomal substrate, f[(3)H]Met-tRNA.ribosome, is promoted by reticulocyte release factor (RF). The initial rate of this reaction is stimulated by GTP but inhibited by GDPCP. Formation of an RF.UA[(3)H]A(2).ribosome complex is a measure of the binding of reticulocyte RF to the ribosome, and the recovery of this complex is increased by GDPCP and, to a lesser extent, GTP. These studies suggest that GTP is involved in the initial association of RF with the ribosome and that hydrolysis of the gamma-phosphate of the guanine nucleotide is required at a subsequent rate-limiting step. The ribosomal-dependent fMet-tRNA hydrolysis and GTPase activities of reticulocyte RF are inhibited when elongation factor (EF)-2 is bound to the respective ribosomal substrate in the presence of fusidic acid and GDP. When EF-G is bound to the f[(3)H]Met-tRNA.AUG.ribosome substrate with fusidic acid and GDP, the fMet-tRNA hydrolysis activity of Escherichia coli RF-1 and RF-2 is also inhibited. The binding of reticulocyte RF and E. coli RF-1 or RF-2 to their respective ribosomes is prevented when fusidic acid.EF-2/EF-G.GDP.ribosome complexes are used.
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Fakunding JL, Hershey JW. The Interaction of Radioactive Initiation Factor IF-2 with Ribosomes during Initiation of Protein Synthesis. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Weissbach H, Redfield B, Moon HM. Further studies on the interactions of elongation factor 1 from animal tissues. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 156:267-75. [PMID: 4738301 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Miller DL, Cashel M, Weissbach H. The interaction of guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 2' (3')-diphosphate with the bacterial elongation factor Tu. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 154:675-82. [PMID: 4570843 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hamburger AD, Lapidot Y, De Groot N. Thermal stability of poly(U)-tRNA-ribosome complexes with Phe-tRNA Phe and peptidyl-tRNA Phe . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 32:576-83. [PMID: 4692226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yokosawa H, Inoue-Yokosawa N, Arai KI, Kawakita M, Kaziro Y. The Role of Guanosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis in Elongation Factor Tu-promoted Binding of Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid to Ribosomes. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lengyel P, Gupta SL, Sopori ML, Waterson J, Weissman S. On the movement of the ribosome along the messenger ribonucleic acid and on apparent changes in ribosome conformation during protein synthesis. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 1:287-99. [PMID: 4589682 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0877-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hamel E, Nakamoto T. Studies on the Role of an Escherichia coli 50 S Ribosomal Component in Polypeptide Chain Elongation. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Arai KI, Kawakita M, Kaziro Y. Studies on Polypeptide Elongation Factors from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kuriki Y, Kanno K. Inhibition of GTP hydrolysis depending on G factor and ribosomes by a factor prepared from the ribosome wash of E. coli Q13. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 48:700-7. [PMID: 4558614 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Grunberg-Manago M, Dondon J, Graffe M. Inhibition by thiostrepton of the IF-2-dependent ribosomal GTPase. FEBS Lett 1972; 22:217-221. [PMID: 11946601 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Grunberg-Manago
- Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, rue P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
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Studies on the Role of Guanosine Triphosphate in Polypeptide Chain Initiation in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Characterization of the Ribosome-dependent Guanosine Triphosphatase Activity of Polypeptide Chain Initiation Factor IF 2. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fahnestock S, Weissbach H, Rich A. Formation of a ternary complex of phenyllactyl-tRNA with transfer factor Tu and GTP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 269:62-6. [PMID: 4554651 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Weissbach H, Redfield E, Yamasaki E, Brot N. Interaction of a Phe-tRNA-Tu-GTP complex with ribosomal subunits. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 149:560-2. [PMID: 4666118 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hamel E, Koka M, Nakamoto T. Requirement of an Escherichia coli 50 S Ribosomal Protein Component for Effective Interaction of the Ribosome with T and G Factors and with Guanosine Triphosphate. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Moon HM, Weissbach H. Interaction of brain transferase I with guanosine nucleotides and aminoacyl-tRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:254-62. [PMID: 5061677 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kischa K, Möller W, Stöffler G. Reconstitution of a GTPase activity by a 50S ribosomal protein and E. coli. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 233:62-3. [PMID: 4329351 DOI: 10.1038/newbio233062a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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