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Gangabadage CS, Najda A, Bogdan D, Wijmenga SS, Tessari M. Dependence of the size of a protein-SDS complex on detergent and Na+ concentrations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4242-5. [PMID: 18348561 DOI: 10.1021/jp710045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles provide ideal mimetic media for high-resolution NMR studies of membrane proteins and proteins or peptides interacting with micellar aggregates. (15)N NMR relaxation of the backbone amides of a protein-SDS complex has been measured under different experimental conditions. The rotational diffusion time of this complex has been found highly sensitive to detergent and NaCl concentrations. A comparison with calculated rotational diffusion times of protein-free SDS micelles under the same conditions suggests that the size of both aggregates must follow a similar functional dependence on detergent/NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthaka Sanath Gangabadage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawińskiego, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Papavoine CH, Aelen JM, Konings RN, Hilbers CW, Van de Ven FJ. NMR studies of the major coat protein of bacteriophage M13. Structural information of gVIIIp in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 232:490-500. [PMID: 7556198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.490zz.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound form of the major coat protein (gVIIIp) of bacteriophage M13 has been studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As membrane mimetics, we used dodecylphosphocholine (DodPCho) detergent micelles to solubilize the protein. We were able to nearly completely assign all resonances of the protein solubilized in DodPCho micelles by using both homonuclear and heteronuclear multidimensional experiments. Based on the patterns of the nuclear Overhauser enhancements and the chemical shifts of the resonances, we deduced the secondary structure of the protein. Additional structural information was obtained from amide proton exchange data and J-coupling constants. The protein consists of two alpha-helices which are connected by a hinge region around residue 21. From spin-label experiments, the location of the protein relative to the DodPCho micelles was determined. One, hydrophobic, helix spans the micelle, and another, amphipathic, helix, is located beneath the surface of the micelle. Comparison of the data of gVIIIp in DodPCho micelles with those of gVIIIp in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles [Van de Ven, F. J. M., van Os, J. W. M., Aelen, J. M. A., Wymenga, S. S., Remerowski, M. L., Konings, R. N. H. & Hilbers, C. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 8322-8328; Papavoine, C. H. M., Konings, R. N. H., Hilbers, C. W. & Van de Ven, F. J. M. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 12,990-12,997] reveals that the structures of the protein in the two detergent micelles are very similar. They differ only in the arrangement of the detergent molecules around the protein. For gVIIIp in SDS micelles, we found a micellar structure which is distorted near the C-terminus of the protein; whereas for DodPCho micelles, both distorted and regular elliptical micelles occur. This distortion is probably due to the interaction of the positively charged lysine side chains with the negatively charged head group of the detergent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Papavoine
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, NSR Center, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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van de Ven FJ, van Os JW, Aelen JM, Wymenga SS, Remerowski ML, Konings RN, Hilbers CW. Assignment of 1H, 15N, and backbone 13C resonances in detergent-solubilized M13 coat protein via multinuclear multidimensional NMR: a model for the coat protein monomer. Biochemistry 1993; 32:8322-8. [PMID: 8347628 DOI: 10.1021/bi00083a036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The major coat protein (gVIIIp) of bacteriophage M13 complexed with SDS detergent micelles was used as a model system to study the lipid-bound conformation of the protein. Conditions were found that allowed the recording of good quality of NMR spectra. By making extensive use of three-dimensional heteronuclear (13C, 15N) NMR, we obtained a complete set of resonance assignments for 1HN, 1H alpha, 1H beta, 13C alpha, CO, and 15N and partially assigned the rest of the 1H spectrum. Analysis of NOE and chemical shift data reveals that gVIIIp is composed of two alpha-helical domains, one ranging from Pro-6 to Glu20 and the other ranging from Tyr-24 all the way to the C-terminus Ser-50. In contrast to the results reported by Henry and Sykes [Henry, G.D., & Sykes, B.D. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 5285-5297], at a high SDS to protein ratio the protein appears to be monomeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J van de Ven
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, NSR Center, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Schmidt BF, Berkhout B, Overbeek GP, van Strien A, van Duin J. Determination of the RNA secondary structure that regulates lysis gene expression in bacteriophage MS2. J Mol Biol 1987; 195:505-16. [PMID: 3656423 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The lysis gene of the RNA bacteriophage MS2 is not expressed unless translation of the overlapping coat gene takes place. To understand the molecular basis for this translational coupling the RNA secondary structure around the lysis gene start was analyzed with structure-specific enzymes and chemicals. The existence of a hairpin between nucleotides 1636 and 1707 is in agreement with the structural mapping data and also with the conservation of base-pairing in the related M12 phage. In this hairpin, the G residues in the Shine and Dalgarno region and start codon are inaccessible to RNase T1, which is consistent with the fact that ribosomal access to the lysis gene is blocked when there is no coat gene translation. Deletions or point mutations that are predicted to destabilize the hairpin give rise to lysis protein synthesis that is independent of coat gene translation. Base substitutions that are not expected to weaken the helix do not lead to independent lysis gene expression. Finally, nucleotide changes that strengthen the hairpin lead neither to uncoupled nor to coupled synthesis of the lysis protein. Structural analysis of mutant MS2 RNA shows that small changes in the stability of the secondary structure lead to substantial differences in translation initiation. The function of the hairpin structure in coupling lysis gene to coat gene translation requires that its stability is kept within narrow limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The structural aspects of recognition by E. coli ribosomes of translational initiation regions on homologous messenger RNAs have been reviewed. Also discussed is the location of initiation region on mRNA, its confines, typical nucleotide sequences responsible for initiation signal, and the influence of RNA macrostructure on protein synthesis initiation. Most of the published DNA nucleotide sequences surrounding the start of various E. coli genes and those of its phages have been collected.
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6
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Luiten RG, Schoenmakers JG, Konings RN. The major coat protein gene of the filamentous Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage Pf3: absence of an N-terminal leader signal sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 1983; 11:8073-85. [PMID: 6316283 PMCID: PMC326561 DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.22.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
From in vitro protein synthesis studies and nucleotide sequence analysis it has been deduced that, unlike the major coat proteins of the hitherto studied filamentous bacterial viruses Ff (M13, fd and f1), IKe and Pf1, the major coat protein of the filamentous Pseudomonas aeruginosa virus Pf3 is not synthesized as a precursor containing a leader signal polypeptide at its N-terminal end. From the elucidated nucleotide sequence of the Pf3 major coat protein gene it follows that the coat protein is 44 amino acid residues long (mol.wt. 6425). No sequence homology was observed with the major coat protein genes of either the Ff group or IKe but, similar to these phages, 3' ward of the Pf3 coat protein gene a DNA sequence is located which has many characteristics in common with rho-independent transcription termination signals.
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7
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Belew K, Brady T. Changes in phenol-soluble nuclear proteins correlated with puff induction in Drosophila hydei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(81)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Edens L, Konings RN, Schoenmakers JG. Transcription of bacteriophage M13 DNA: existence of promoters directly preceding genes III, VI, and I. J Virol 1978; 28:835-42. [PMID: 731795 PMCID: PMC525808 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.28.3.835-842.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro transcription and coupled transcription-translation studies have been performed with restriction fragments of bacteriophage M13 replicative-form DNA which contain either gene III, gene VI, or gene I. It could be demonstrated that DNA fragments which contain gene III were able to direct the synthesis of gene III protein. Fragments which encompassed genes VI and I gave rise to the synthesis of gene I protein only, whereas gene I-containing fragments were able to direct the synthesis of gene I protein. None of the fragments studied gave rise to a detectable level of gene VI protein, although an RNA transcript of gene VI could readily be obtained during in vitro transcription of the relevant gene VI-containing DNA fragments. From these results we have concluded that the promoters A0.44 and A0.49 are located in front of genes VI and I, respectively, and that gene III is also equipped with a promoter (X0.25). Introduction of a single cleavage within the gene III region does not abolish the expression of genes VI and I in vitro. Hence, the expression of these genes is not solely dependent on the initiation of RNA synthesis at the gene III promoter or on leakage of transcription through the central termination site (T0.25), but is also determined by the initiation frequency of RNA synthesis at their individual promoters.
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Edens L, Konings RN, Schoenmakers JG. A cascade mechanism of transcription in bacteriophage M13 DNA. Virology 1978; 86:354-67. [PMID: 664236 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Edens L, Konings RN, Schoenmakers JG. Physical mapping of the central terminator for transcription on the bacteriophage M13 genome. Nucleic Acids Res 1975; 2:1811-20. [PMID: 1103087 PMCID: PMC343549 DOI: 10.1093/nar/2.10.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aid of in vitro transcription and translation studies it has been demonstrated that termination of transcription on bacteriophage M13 replicative form DNA occurs at a unique site which is located immediately distal to the 3'-end of gene VIII, the gene which codes for the major capsid protein. The position of this site has been mapped accurately on the enzyme cleavage maps by transcription of restriction fragments of M13 RF DNA. The central termination site was found to be located in restriction fragment Hap-B2 at 450 nucleotides from the 5'-end of its viral strand (0.77 fractional length clockwise from the unique Hind II enzyme cleavage site).
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11
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Konings RN, Hulsebos T, Van den Hondel CA. Identification and characterization of the in vitro synthesized gene products of bacteriophage M13. J Virol 1975; 15:570-84. [PMID: 1089807 PMCID: PMC354494 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.15.3.570-584.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage M13 replicative form (RF) DNA was used to direct coupled transcription and translation in cell-free extracts prepared from Escherichia coli. By using RF DNA, isolated from cells infected with appropriate amber mutants of this phage, it has been possible to identify the products of genes I through IV. By using the same methods no gene-product relationship could be demonstrated for genes VI and VII. Coupled in vitro protein synthesis studies on RF-III DNA, a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, obtained after cleavage of either RF-I or RF-II DNA with the restriction endonuclease R.Hin11 from Haemophilus influenzae, indicated that the cleavage site for this enzyme is located in gene II. The in vitro products of both gene III and gene VIII are about 30 and six amino acids longer, respectively, than their native counterparts present within the virion. These results suggest that the latter proteins arise in vivo by cleavage of precursor molecules. Coupled transcription and translation studies on a DNA fragment which only contained the genetic information coding for gene IV protein, obtained after cleavage of RF DNA with the restriction endonuclease R.Hap11 from Haemophilus aphirophilus, indicated that a large number of the in vitro synthesized polypeptides are the result of premature chain termination.
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12
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Hofstetter H, Monstein HJ, Weissmann C. The readthrough protein A1 is essential for the formation of viable Q beta particles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 374:238-51. [PMID: 4611493 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Konings RN, Jansen J, Cuypers T, Schoenmakers JG. Synthesis of bacteriophage M13-specific proteins in a DNA-dependent cell-free system. II. In vitro synthesis of biologically active gene 5 protein. J Virol 1973; 12:1466-72. [PMID: 4586780 PMCID: PMC356789 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.12.6.1466-1472.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is shown that gene 5 protein of bacteriophage M13 is one of the major proteins synthesized in vitro under the direction of M13 replicative-form DNA. By means of DNA-cellulose chromatography, this protein has been purified to homogeneity and its biological characteristics have been compared with those of its native counterpart. Like native gene 5 protein, the purified, in vitro-synthesized protein binds tightly and selectively to single-stranded, but not to double-stranded, DNAs. These results suggest that truly functional gene 5 protein is made in the cell-free system.
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Siegert W, Bauer G, Hofschneider PH. Direct evidence for messenger activity of influenza virion RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:2960-3. [PMID: 4355376 PMCID: PMC427147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.10.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a cell-free system of Escherichia coli, RNA from influenza virus particles is translated into a polypeptide antigenically identical with the ribonucleoprotein and several more proteins, some of which correspond in size to viral structural components.
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Siegert W, Hofschneider PH. A direct approach to study the messenger properties of influenza-virion RNA. FEBS Lett 1973; 34:145-6. [PMID: 4747836 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Keil TU, Hofschneider PH. Secondary structure of RNA phage M12 replicative intermediates in vivo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 312:297-310. [PMID: 4579229 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Abstract
1. A sequence of 73 nucleotides of the RNA genome from coliphage R17 was determined. It can be read through in only one translational frame. The fragment is not part of the coatprotein cistron (Min Jou et al., 1972), nor does it come from the untranslated sequences described previously (Steitz, 1969; Nichols, 1970; Cory et al., 1970; de Wachter et al., 1971; Contreras et al., 1971; Cory et al., 1972). It contains two sequences of 23 and 24 nucleotides, 22 of which are identical. This kind of reiteration is the first one found in bacteriophage nucleic acid. 2. Improved conditions were found and tested for blocking oligonucleotides with carbodi-imide and cleaving by ribonuclease A at cytidylate residues. 3. A synthetic medium is described which allows labelling in vivo with (32)P to give specific radioactivities higher than those obtained in the procedures used previously.
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20
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Weissmann C, Billeter MA, Weber H, Goodman HM, Hindley J. Structure and function of phage RNA: a summary of current knowledge. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 1:13-28. [PMID: 4589675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0877-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Hindley J. Structure and strategy in phage RNA. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1973; 26:269-321. [PMID: 4575322 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(73)90021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Remaut E, Fiers W. Studies on the bacteriophage MS2. XVI. The termination signal of the A protein cistron. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:243-61. [PMID: 4564480 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Contreras R, Vandenberghe A, Volckaert G, Min Jou W, Fiers W. Studies on the bacteriophage MS2. Some nucleotide sequences from the RNA-polymerase gene. FEBS Lett 1972; 24:339-342. [PMID: 11946702 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Contreras
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry University of Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Siegert W, Konings RN, Bauer H, Hofschneider PH. Translation of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA in a cell-free lysate of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:888-91. [PMID: 4337245 PMCID: PMC426588 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.4.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a cell-free extract of E. coli, RNA from avian myeloblastosis virus directs the synthesis of a protein that is antigenically identical with the group-specific antigen 4, and other proteins, three of which correspond in molecular weight to group-specific antigens 1-3.
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25
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Kozak M, Nathans D. Translation of the genome of a ribonucleic acid bacteriophage. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1972; 36:109-34. [PMID: 4555183 PMCID: PMC378432 DOI: 10.1128/br.36.1.109-134.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Helmsing PJ, Berendes HD. Induced accumulation of nonhistone proteins in polytene nuclei of Drosophila hydei. J Cell Biol 1971; 50:893-6. [PMID: 5098869 PMCID: PMC2108304 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.50.3.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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27
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Fiers W, Contreras R, De Wachter R, Haegeman G, Merregaert J, Jou WM, Vandenberghe A. Recent progress in the sequence determination of bacteriophage MS2 RNA. Biochimie 1971; 53:495-506. [PMID: 5125256 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(71)80167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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De Wachter R, Vandenberghe A, Merregaert J, Contreras R, Fiers W. The leader sequence from the 5'-terminus to the A-protein initiation codon in MS2-virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:585-9. [PMID: 5276766 PMCID: PMC388995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.3.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA fragments of different chain length, each containing the 5'-terminal guanosine tetraphosphate (pppGp) of bacteriophage-MS2 RNA, have been isolated from partial ribonuclease digests of the viral RNA. The longest fragment overlaps with the ribosomalbinding site of the A-protein cistron. The base sequence has been established for the major part. The results directly confirm that the A-protein cistron is closest to the 5'-terminus. Its initiating (AUG) codon starts at position 130, being preceded by an untranslated sequence of 129 nucleotides.
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29
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Ward R, Konings RN, Hofschneider PH. Coat protein repression of bacteriophage M12 RNA directed polysome formation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 17:106-15. [PMID: 5486574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Hindley J, Staples DH, Billeter MA, Weissmann C. Location of the coat cistron on the RNA of phage Q-beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:1180-7. [PMID: 5274447 PMCID: PMC283334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new approach for the localization of a cistron on a phage RNA has been developed. The coat protein cistron of phage Qbeta was found to begin between the 1100th and 1400th nucleotide from the 5' terminus of Qbeta RNA and therefore lies in the middle of the genome.
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31
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Robertson HD, Lodish HF. Messenger characteristics of nascent bacteriophage RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:710-6. [PMID: 5289017 PMCID: PMC283263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins initiated in vitro by nascent bacteriophage f2 RNA strands attached to isolated replicating structures have been analyzed. The observations confirm that coat protein is the major product initiated and completed. Nascent strands direct the initiation of viral maturation protein in amounts similar to the maximum levels observed in vivo; this synthesis is independent of translation of the coat protein gene. However, only a fraction of these maturation protein molecules initiated in vitro is completed. Nascent RNA molecules also direct the initiation of appreciable amounts of viral RNA polymerase protein, very little of which is completed. Certain constraints on the in vitro translation of the polymerase gene from single-stranded RNA appear to be relaxed in the nascent strands, as indicated by the reduced effect of a polar amber mutation in the coat cistron upon polymerase protein initiation from nascent RNA.
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32
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Francke B, Ward R, Konings RN, Hofschneider PH. Preparation of nascent RNA strands of the bacteriophage M12. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 15:541-6. [PMID: 5455665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Jou WM, Contreras R, Fiers W. The 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence (n = 16) of bacteriophage MS2 RNA. FEBS Lett 1970; 9:222-224. [PMID: 11947675 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W M. Jou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Ghent, Belgium
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