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Huebner RJ, Sarma PS, Kelloff GJ, Gilden RV, Meier H, Myers DD, Peters RL. IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE TO RNA TUMOR VIRUS GENOME EXPRESSIONS: SIGNIFICANCE OF TOLERANCE AND PRENATAL EXPRESSIONS IN EMBRYOGENESIS AND TUMORIGENESIS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb49831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Majde JA, Brown RK, Jones MW, Dieffenbach CW, Maitra N, Krueger JM, Cady AB, Smitka CW, Maassab HF. Detection of toxic viral-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in influenza-infected lung. Microb Pathog 1991; 10:105-15. [PMID: 1890949 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90071-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While many of the molecular events in viral replication are well studied, the molecular mechanisms by which viral infections trigger such constitutional symptoms as fever and 'malaise' are unknown. The hypothesis that these viral constitutional symptoms can be triggered by the toxic action of dsRNA associated with viral replication was investigated. Total lung RNA from mice acutely infected with PR8 influenza virus, but not from sham-infected mice, was shown to induce fever and altered sleep (excess slow-wave sleep, enhanced amplitudes of electroencephalographic slow waves, and reduced rapid eye movement sleep) when injected into the rabbit brain. Viral-associated dsRNA was shown to be responsible for the rabbit responses by differential nuclease digestion. Influenza viral dsRNA was directly demonstrated in the active lung RNA preparations by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques. The time course of the responses paralleled those seen in the same model inoculated with nanogram quantities of the synthetic dsRNA polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid and suggested that they were mediated by induced cytokines. A model for the role of viral-associated dsRNA in eliciting both local cytotoxicity and viral constitutional symptoms is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Majde
- Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA 22217
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Szabolcs MJ, Gruben H, Schaden GE, Freilinger G, Deutinger M, Girsch W, Happak W. Selective fascicular nerve repair: a rapid method for intraoperative motorsensory differentiation by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00585584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Krueger JM, Majde JA. Sleep as a host defense: its regulation by microbial products and cytokines. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1990; 57:188-99. [PMID: 2208804 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(90)90033-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Krueger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Nielsen OF, Carin M, Westergaard O. Studies on transcription termination and splicing of the rRNA precursor in vivo in the presence of proflavine. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:873-86. [PMID: 6694912 PMCID: PMC318542 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.2.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In isolated nucleoli from Tetrahymena thermophila, low concentrations of the intercalating agent proflavine inhibit both transcription termination and splicing of the rRNA precursor. Proflavine also exerts an in vivo effect on the process of transcription termination under conditions, where the growth rate is only slightly reduced. Thus, approximately 40% of the rRNA precursor molecules, accumulated in nucleoli during 60 min of treatment with the drug, are longer than the normal 35S rRNA precursor. R-Loop mapping of these longer precursor molecules isolated after 30 and 60 min of incubation demonstrates that the RNA polymerases have a 50 fold lower elongation rate in the spacer region than in the coding region. Proflavine in the given concentration is found to have no significant effect on the splicing of properly terminated precursor molecules. In contrast, none of the longer non-terminated molecules are found to be spliced. These results indicate that proflavine primarily affects the process of transcription termination and that the splicing event is inhibited due to the improper termination of the precursor molecule.
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Shames B, Kalma S, Heimer YM, Tal J. Differential inhibition of cellular RNAs by photosensitized trioxalen. Nucleic Acids Res 1983; 11:6453-64. [PMID: 6194509 PMCID: PMC326385 DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.18.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of mouse cell cultures with 5 X 10(-6)M trioxalen (4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen, or TMP) followed by long wavelength ("near") UV-irradiation (NUV) resulted in immediate cessation of most of the cellular transcriptional activity. The effective inhibitory TMP concentrations for ribosomal RNA were lower than those affecting poly RNA containing RNA. Low molecular RNA species were only partially inhibited. Side effects, commonly caused by other drugs, were not detected. These properties, and the simplicity of their use, make psoralens attractive inhibitors of RNA biosynthesis.
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Rech J, Cathala G, Jeanteur P. Isolation and characterization of a ribonuclease activity specific for double-stranded RNA (RNase D) from Krebs II ascites cells. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Chiu NH, Bruszewski WB, Salzman NP. Evidence for the role of double-helical structures in the maturation of simian virus-40 messenger RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1980; 8:153-68. [PMID: 6243778 PMCID: PMC327249 DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian Virus-40 infected BSC-1 cells were pretreated with glucosamine and briefly pulsed with [3H]-uridine. The labeling can be halted instantaneously by the addition of cold uridine and glucosamine. Under these pulse-chase conditions, the inhibitory effects of the intercalating agent proflavine on the processing of prelabeled nuclear RNA precursors were examined in vivo. Proflavine inhibits the cleavage of viral nuclear RNA precursors. However, turnover of the mature viral mRNAs in the cytoplasm is not inhibited. The effect of proflavine on processing is not a secondary consequence of its inhibition of protein synthesis. The data suggest that base-paired secondary structures in the primary transcripts are important processing signals in the generation of viral mRNA molecules.
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Chatterjee NK, Sarma MH, Dickerman HW, Beach TA. Dissimilar RNA and protein characteristics of polyribosomes of nuclear and cytoplasmic origin in adenovirus-infected cells. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Rech J, Brunel C, Jeanteur P. HnRNP from HeLa cells contain a ribonuclease active on double-stranded RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:422-7. [PMID: 465047 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)92065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Clercq E. Degradation of poly(inosinic acid) - poly(cytidylic acid) [(I)n - (C)n] by human plasma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 93:165-72. [PMID: 436827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb12807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Naora H. Some aspects of double-stranded hairpin structures in heterogeneous nuclear RNA. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1979; 56:255-313. [PMID: 378887 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zeichner M, Breitkreutz D. Isolation of low molecular weight RNAs from connective tissue. Inhibition of mRNA translation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 188:410-7. [PMID: 677906 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(78)80025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Robertson HD, Dickson E, Jelinek W. Determination of nucleotide sequences from double-stranded regions of HeLa cell nuclear RNA. J Mol Biol 1977; 115:571-89. [PMID: 592373 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mittelstaedt R, Oppermann H, Koch G. Poliovirus-induced infectious double-stranded RNA: Effect of RNA-degrading enzymes. Arch Virol 1975; 47:381-92. [PMID: 166628 DOI: 10.1007/bf01347980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The infectivity of replicative form RNA (RF-RNA) isolated from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells is completely resistant to the action of T-1 RNase but decreases after exposure to RNase A in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl. Under these conditions neither enzyme produces single-stranded nicks in RF-RNA. Three endonuclease-free exonuleases (RNase II, polynucleotide phosphorylase and spleen phosphodiesterase) rapidly destroy the infectivity of single-stranded RNA, but do not alter the infectivity of RF-RNA. It is concluded that RF-RNA does not contain single-stranded ends essential for infectivity. Indirect evidence suggests that all or most of the poly A region at the 3' end of the plus strand of infectious RF-RNA is base-paired to a poly U region at the 5 end of the minus strand.
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Abstract
We have studied the intracellular location of double-stranded RNA from rat liver. The majority of this dsRNA is associated with nuclear and mitochondrial fractions and the remaining portion is associated with microsomes. Mitochondrial dsRNA hybridizes specifically with purified strands of mitochondrial DNA and seems therefore to arise from transcription of the latter. A fraction of nuclear dsRNA hybridizes with repetitive sequences of nuclear DNA. Because of self-hybridization of dsRNA strands, it was not possible to determine whether another fraction of DSRNA is homologous to nonrepetitive sequences of DNA. Both mitochondrial and nuclear types of dsRNA are not retained on oligo(dT) cellulose columns and therefore seem to lack long poly A sequences. The mechanism of formation of dsRNA is discussed.
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Lubiniecki AS. Replication of eastern equine encephalitis viruses (New Jersey and Louisiana strains and the Ets-4 mutant) in rabbit kidney cells. Arch Virol 1975; 47:21-9. [PMID: 1170829 DOI: 10.1007/bf01315589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Virus yield, viral RNA synthesis, viral protein synthesis, cytopathology, and virus-induced shutoff of host protein synthesis were examined in rabbit kidney (RK) cells infected with eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viruses. The New Jersey (NJ) strain replicated most rapidly, and exhibited a distinct patter in the synthesis of structural and non-structural viral proteins. The Louisiana (LA) strain and the Ets-4 mutant appeared to be similar in RK celles and chick embryo fibroblasts. Although the viral peptides comprising the viral RNA polymerase could not be conclusively identified, two non-structural proteins of molecular weights 105,000 and 85,000 were temporally associated with increasing rates of polymerase activity in NJ-infected RK cells and were found in increased amounts in Ets-4-infected cells compared to La-infected cells.
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Torelli U, Torelli G, Cadossi R. Double stranded ribonucleic acid in human leukemic blast cells. Eur J Cancer 1975; 11:117-21. [PMID: 805701 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(75)90189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Double-stranded RNA, made as an intermediary substance in the replication of most, if not all, viruses, may play a much more important role in the pathogenesis and the recovery from virus infections than has hitherto been suspected. Apparently, dsRNA is used by both the challenge virus and the host cell in an attempt to gain "molecular control." Double-stranded RNA exerts a set of effects, which may be well balanced, not only at the level of the individual cell but also at the complex assemblage of these cells termed the organism (Fig. 1). In the cell, interferon synthesis is triggered, although interferon mRNA translation may not occur if dsRNA shuts off protein synthesis too quickly. In the whole organism, the disease severity will depend on how certain toxic reactions evoked by infection (such as cell necrosis and fever) are counterbalanced by an increase in the host defense mechanisms (for example, immune responsiveness and interferon production). Many aspects of the response, relating to either progress of, or recovery from, the disease, can be explained on the basis of a dsRNA. In addition to drawing attention to the biodynamic role of dsRNA, our hypothesis suggests specific experimental vectors designed to enhance our information on the molecular basis of the morbid process which occurs with viral infection. Finally, we suggest that, although the dsRNA molecule may be viewed as a rather simple unit structure, the opportunity for further diversity in the biological activity of a given dsRNA molecule always exists. Namely, each deviation from a perfectly double-helical arrangement introduces the possibility for emphasizing one biological reactivity at the expense of another. This latter structure-activity property may partially account for the extreme apparent diversity, commonly encountered, in the presentations of virologic illness. Appendix note added in proof. Subsequent to submission of this text, we have found that the potent mitogen effect of dsRNA for lymphocytes (murine and human) is also exquisitively sensitive to the fidelity in base pairing of the input polymer pair (59). For example, infrequent "loops" (one nucleotide per 20 base pairs) in an otherwise perfectly helical rI(n) (.) rC(n) molecule [for example, rI(n) (.) r(C(19,)U)(n)] strongly changes its mitogenic properties. This observation, which supports our thesis that a "fine structure" term can be developed for other reactions triggered by dsRNA's in biological systems, emphasizes that diverse biological effects may be encountered with an ostensibly uniform family of dsRNA's.
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Desai LS, Foley GE. Human leukemic cells: properties of an RNA synthesized in the presence of actinomycin D. Exp Cell Res 1974; 86:143-51. [PMID: 4524709 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Teodorescu M. A hypothesis on the role of immune RNA in antibody variability. J Theor Biol 1973; 42:189-218. [PMID: 4128489 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(73)90085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kessel D, Dysard R. Effects of camptothecin on RNA synthesis in L-1210 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 312:716-21. [PMID: 4795244 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Meienhofer J, Atherton E. Structure—Activity Relationships in the Actinomycins. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Glick JL, Majumdar A. A "loop" model for integration of donor DNA into host DNA of eukaryote cells. J Theor Biol 1972; 36:503-12. [PMID: 5080447 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(72)90005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jelinek W, Darnell JE. Double-stranded regions in heterogeneous nuclear RNA from Hela cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:2537-41. [PMID: 4506771 PMCID: PMC426983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.9.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA from HeLa cells contains double-stranded regions that arise by base pairing of complementary sequences that exist as parts of the same molecule (intramolecular base pairing). When denatured, the RNA sequences that form the double-stranded regions hybridize rapidly to HeLa cell DNA, suggesting that they are transcribed from reiterated sites in the genome. The messenger RNA does not contain the same class or amount of double-stranded RNA regions found in heterogeneous nuclear RNA.
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Slater I, Slater DW. DNA polymerase potentials of sea urchin embryos. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 237:81-5. [PMID: 4503916 DOI: 10.1038/newbio237081a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Harel L, Montagnier L. Homology of double stranded RNA from rat liver cells with cellular genome. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 229:106-8. [PMID: 4934155 DOI: 10.1038/newbio229106a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Aquaron R, Tamalet J. [Ribonucleic acids synthesized by the Newcastle disease virus in chick embryo cells in presence of actinomycin D or rubidomycin]. Biochimie 1971; 53:1125-7. [PMID: 5150745 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(71)80204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gabriel A, Moigne A. Action de l'actinomycine D sur la diff�renciation cellulaire au cours de la r�g�n�ration de planaires qui viennent d'�clore. Cell Tissue Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00324944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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