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Khamala GW, Makokha JW, Boiyo R, Kumar KR. Long-term climatology and spatial trends of absorption, scattering, and total aerosol optical depths over East Africa during 2001-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61283-61297. [PMID: 35438404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in anthropogenic activities, coupled with the prevailing climatic conditions, has increased the aerosol load over East Africa (EA). Given this, the present study examined the trends in total, absorption, scattering, and total aerosol extinction optical depth (TAOD, AAOD, SAOD, and TAEOD) over EA, alongside trends in single scattering albedo (SSA). For this purpose, the AOD of different optical properties retrieved from multiple sensors and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) model between January 2001 to December 2019 were utilized to estimate trends and assess their statistical significance. The spatial patterns of seasonal mean AOD from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and MERRA-2 model were generally characterized with high (>0.35) and low (<0.2) AOD centers over EA observed during the local dry and wet seasons, respectively. Also, the spatial trend analysis revealed a general increase in TAOD, being positive and significant over the arid and semi-arid zones of the northeastern part of EA, which is majorly dominated by locally derived dust. The local dry (wet) months generally experienced positive (negative) trends in TAOD, associated with seasonal cycles of rainfall. High and significant positive trends in AAOD were dominated over the study domain, attributed to an increased amount of biomass burning, variations in soil moisture, and changes in the rainfall pattern. The trends in TAEOD showed a distinct pattern, except over some months that depicted significant increasing trends attributed to changes in climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities. At last, the study domain exhibited decreasing trends in SSA, signifying strong absorption of direct solar radiation resulting in a warming effect. The study revealed patterns of trends in aerosol optical properties and forms the basis for further research in aerosols over EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Khamala
- Department of Science Technology and Engineering, Kibabii University, P.O. Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya.
| | - John W Makokha
- Department of Science Technology and Engineering, Kibabii University, P.O. Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya
| | - Richard Boiyo
- Department of Physical Sciences, Meru University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 972-60200, Meru, Kenya
- Department of Environment, Water, Energy and Resources, County Government of Vihiga, Maragoli, Kenya
| | - Kanike Raghavendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
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Li J, Garshick E, Huang S, Koutrakis P. Impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on surface dust levels across the world during 1982-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144566. [PMID: 33485198 PMCID: PMC7969440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dust pollution has become a significant concern worldwide. Both human activities and climate conditions affect dust levels. This study investigates the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), an important large-scale climate phenomenon, on surface dust levels in different regions. We used surface dust concentrations from Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis and Southern Oscillation index (SOI) as dust and ENSO indicators, respectively. First, we first described characteristics of the global surface dust concentrations spanning a period of 37 years (1982-2019). Subsequently, we investigated the associations between monthly surface dust concentrations and SOI in regions with relative high dust levels, (i.e., North Africa, Northwest China and Mongolia, the Middle East, and South Australia) using time-series generalized additive models, controlled for meteorological variables and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In order to capture the delayed effects of ENSO on dust, we fitted the model for SOI with 13 different moving averages starting from 12 months before. The highest average surface dust concentration for our study regions was 306.68 μg/m3, observed in North Africa. The average dust concentrations in the Middle East, Northwest China, and South Australia were 193.18, 113.64, and 77.19 μg/m3, respectively. Our results showed that dust concentrations were positively related with SOI. The associations between dust and SOI were more significant and higher for North Africa and the Middle East. Our results indicated that for regions with high dust pollution, La Niña episodes are associated with increased dust concentrations, while El Niño events are associated with decreased dust concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
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Pan L, Han Y, Lu Z, Li J, Gao F, Liu Z, Liu W, Liu Y. Integrative investigation of dust emissions by dust storms and dust devils in North Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144128. [PMID: 33288262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dust aerosols in North Africa account for >50% of the global total; however dust emission areas are still unclear. Based on the analysis of dust storms simulated with the numerical Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, satellite aerosol index (AI), and the dust data observed at 300 meteorological stations over 20 years, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of dust storm, dust devil and AI are compared and analyzed. The results show that: 1) There are two dust emission mechanisms: the dynamically-dominated dust storm and thermally-dominated dust devil; 2) Dust storms occur most frequently in Spring and are concentrated in the areas of Grand Erg Occidental Desert to the Erg Chech-Adrar Desert, the northern part of Grand Erg Oriental, the Atouila Desert to the Ouarane Desert, the Mediterranean coast, the eastern side of Nubian Desert and Bodélé Depression; 3) Dust devils occur most frequently from April to August and are mainly concentrated in the central part of North Africa, especially in the southwest of Hoggar Mountains to the west of Air Mountains, the border area of Egypt - Sudan - Libya and the vicinity of Tibesti Plateau; 4) The spatio-temporal distribution of AI is correlated more with the dust devils emission whereas the annual average contributions by dust storms and dust devils are 61.3% and 38.7%, respectively. This study discovers a new area of dust emissions by dust devils, and provides a better explanation for the spatio-temporal distribution of AI in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Zhoushan Meteorological Bureau, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yongxiang Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Inner Mongolia Meteorological Service Center, Inner Mongolia 010051, China
| | - Zhaohuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yangang Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Li J, Garshick E, Al-Hemoud A, Huang S, Koutrakis P. Impacts of meteorology and vegetation on surface dust concentrations in Middle Eastern countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136597. [PMID: 32050389 PMCID: PMC7085415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe dust events have occurred frequently in arid regions, which greatly impacted air quality, climate, and public health. The Middle East is one of the areas in the world impacted by intense dust storms. We investigated the characteristics of airborne dust levels in five Middle Eastern countries (Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Syria) from 2001 to 2017. Surface level dust concentrations were determined using the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2. Kuwait was selected as an example to assess sources and other factors influencing dust levels in arid regions. We performed backward trajectory analysis to identify the dust transport pathways. We quantitatively assessed the impacts of meteorological parameters along with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Dust levels in Kuwait were higher than the other four countries, and had a distinct seasonal pattern, with the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. Our results showed that dust levels in Kuwait in January were influenced largely by local emissions, whereas in June they were affected more by emissions attributable to long-distance transport. There were significant positive associations between wind speed in the five countries, particularly Iraq, with dust levels in Kuwait, indicating the impact of nearby desert areas. Significant negative associations were observed between NDVI in Kuwait, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia with dust levels in Kuwait. Our result highlights that climatic variations and vegetation conditions are associated with changes in dust levels in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Al-Hemoud
- Crisis Decision Support Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
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New Global View of Above-Cloud Absorbing Aerosol Distribution Based on CALIPSO Measurements. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11202396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Above-low-level-cloud aerosols (ACAs) have gradually gained more interest in recent years; however, the combined aerosol–cloud radiation effects are not well understood. The uncertainty about the radiative effects of aerosols above cloud mainly stems from the lack of comprehensive and accurate retrieval of aerosols and clouds for ACA scenes. In this study, an improved ACA identification and retrieval methodology was developed to provide a new global view of the ACA distribution by combining three-channel CALIOP (The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) observations. The new method can reliably identify and retrieve both thin and dense ACA layers, providing consistent results between the day- and night-time retrieval of ACAs. Then, new four-year (2007 to 2010) global ACA datasets were built, and new seasonal mean views of global ACA occurrence, optical depth, and geometrical thickness were presented and analyzed. Further discussion on the relative position of ACAs to low clouds showed that the mean distance between the ACA layer and the low cloud deck over the tropical Atlantic region is less than 0.2 km. This indicates that the ACAs over this region are more likely to be mixed with low-level clouds, thereby possibly influencing the cloud microphysics over this region, contrary to findings reported from previous studies. The results not only help us better understand global aerosol transportation and aerosol–cloud interactions but also provide useful information for model evaluation and improvements.
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Cyclogenesis and Density Currents in the Middle East and the Associated Dust Activity in September 2015. GEOSCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences9090376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first 10 days of September 2015 were marked by intense dust activity over the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. This study examines the atmospheric conditions at the origin of the large dust storms during this period. We particularly investigate the atmospheric dynamics leading to the development of a large dry cyclone over Iraq on 31 August 2015 which in turn generated an intense dust storm that affected most of the countries around the Arabian Gulf and lasted for 5 days. We found that the cyclone developed over Northwest Iraq as a transfer to low levels of a cut-off low which had formed two days earlier at upper levels over Turkey. Large dust loads exceeding 250 tons were emitted and moved southeast in a cyclonic shape toward the Arabian sea. The second large dust storm on 6-8 September 2015 occurred over Syria and affected all the coastal countries on the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea. It was associated with the occurrence of a series of density currents over northeast Syria emanating from deep convection over the mountainous border between Syria and Turkey. The unusual development of deep convection over this area was associated with a blocking high and interaction with orography. Both the cut-off high and the cut-off low occurred during a period characterized by a meandering polar jet and an enhanced subtropical jet causing unstable weather over mid-latitudes which in turn led to highly polluted atmosphere by natural dust in the affected countries.
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ATEŞOĞLU A, TUNAY M, ARIKAN TB, YILDIZ S. Ortadoğu Toz Kaynaklarının Tespiti ve Fırat-Dicle Nehir Havzası (Suriye-Irak) Tarım Alanları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. DOĞAL AFETLER VE ÇEVRE DERGISI 2018; 4:70-81. [DOI: 10.21324/dacd.369502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Çalışma, Ortadoğu’daki toz kaynaklarının tespit edilmesi ve bu
kaynakların oluşturduğu tehdidin Fırat ve Dicle nehirleri etkisi altındaki Irak
ve Suriye’deki tarım alanlarında meydana getireceği olası zararların
belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) tarafından Temmuz
2015 tarihinde Antalya/Türkiye’de uzaktan algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) tabanlı yazılım olan
Collect Earth metodolojisi kullanılarak, içinde Suriye ve Irak’ında yer aldığı
Ortadoğu bölgesinin 2000-2015 yılları arasındaki mevcut arazi örtü/kullanım
sınıfları, değişimleri, vejetasyon durumu incelenmiş ve sonuçları FAO
tarafından yapılmıştır. Açık kaynaklı ve
ücretsiz olan Collect Earth yazılımında yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu verisi içeren
Google Earth ve Bing Maps görüntüleri kullanılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda orta
çözünürlük ve global olan Modis, Landsat 7 ve 8 uyduları üzerinden üretilmiş
tüm veri setlerini kullanmamıza da olanak sağlamaktadır. SAIKU isimli
istatistik programı yardımıyla veri analizi yapılabilmekte ve rakamsal verilere
ulaşılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Collect Earth yöntemi kullanılarak tüm
Ortadoğu bölgesi için oluşturulan veri seti üzerinden CBS kullanılarak toz
kaynakları bölgeleri risk seviye sınıfları haritası oluşturulmuştur. Risk
sınıfları haritasına göre Irak’ın toplam alanının %63,6’sı, Suriye’nin ise
toplam alanının %53,7’sinin üçüncü derece toz kaynak bölgelerinde yer aldığı
tespit edilmiştir. Bölge için son derece önemli olan yüzeysel su varlığı
alanlarının toz kaynakları bölgeleri risk seviye sınıflarına göre dağılımları
incelendiğinde, Irak’ın en fazla yüzeysel su varlığının %71,3 ile üçüncü derece
toz kaynak bölgelerinde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Suriye’nin ise en fazla
su varlığı alanlarının sırasıyla %27,4 ve %25,9 ile dördüncü ve beşinci derece
toz kaynak bölgelerinde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ortadoğu’ya ilişkin
özellikle kum/kumul alanları, tarım alanları ve su varlığına ilişkin yapılan
sınıflandırma sonuçları yorumlanarak, özellikle Fırat
ve Dicle nehirleri etkisi altındaki Irak ve Suriye ölçeğinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
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Yu X, Lü R, Kumar KR, Ma J, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Kang N, Yang S, Wang J, Li M. Dust aerosol properties and radiative forcing observed in spring during 2001-2014 over urban Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15432-15442. [PMID: 27117151 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ground-based characteristics (optical and radiative properties) of dust aerosols measured during the springtime between 2001 and 2014 were investigated over urban Beijing, China. The seasonal averaged aerosol optical depth (AOD) during spring of 2001-2014 was about 0.78 at 440 nm. During dust days, higher AOD occurred associated with lower Ångström exponent (AE). The mean AE440-870 in the springtime was about 1.0, indicating dominance of fine particles over the region. The back-trajectory analysis revealed that the dust was transported from the deserts of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia arid regions to Beijing. The aerosol volume size distribution showed a bimodal distribution pattern, with its highest peak observed in coarse mode for all episodes (especially for dust days with increased volume concentration). The single scattering albedo (SSA) increased with wavelength on dust days, indicating the presence of more scattering particles. Furthermore, the complex parts (real and imaginary) of refractive index showed distinct characteristics with lower imaginary values (also scattering) on dust days. The shortwave (SW; 0.2-4.0 μm) and longwave (LW; 4-100 μm) aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) values were computed from the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model both at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and the bottom of atmosphere (BOA) during dust and non-dust (dust free) days, and the corresponding heating rates and forcing efficiencies were also estimated. The SW (LW) ARF, therefore, produced significant cooling (warming) effects at both the TOA and the BOA over Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingna Yu
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Rui Lü
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - K Raghavendra Kumar
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201901, China
| | - Yilun Jiang
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Na Kang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Suying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Krasnov H, Katra I, Friger M. Increase in dust storm related PM10 concentrations: A time series analysis of 2001-2015. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:36-42. [PMID: 26874873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, changes in dust storms characteristics have been observed in different parts of the world. The changing frequency of dust storms in the southeastern Mediterranean has led to growing concern regarding atmospheric PM10 levels. A classic time series additive model was used in order to describe and evaluate the changes in PM10 concentrations during dust storm days in different cities in Israel, which is located at the margins of the global dust belt. The analysis revealed variations in the number of dust events and PM10 concentrations during 2001-2015. A significant increase in PM10 concentrations was identified since 2009 in the arid city of Beer Sheva, southern Israel. Average PM10 concentrations during dust days before 2009 were 406, 312, and 364 μg m(-3) (median 337, 269,302) for Beer Sheva, Rehovot (central Israel) and Modi'in (eastern Israel), respectively. After 2009 the average concentrations in these cities during dust storms were 536, 466, and 428 μg m(-3) (median 382, 335, 338), respectively. Regression analysis revealed associations between PM10 variations and seasonality, wind speed, as well as relative humidity. The trends and periodicity are stronger in the southern part of Israel, where higher PM10 concentrations are found. Since 2009 dust events became more extreme with much higher daily and hourly levels. The findings demonstrate that in the arid area variations of dust storms can be quantified easier through PM10 levels over a relatively short time scale of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Krasnov
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Itzhak Katra
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Michael Friger
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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Deng XL, Shi CE, Wu BW, Yang YJ, Jin Q, Wang HL, Zhu S, Yu C. Characteristics of the water-soluble components of aerosol particles in Hefei, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 42:32-40. [PMID: 27090692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Size-classified daily aerosol mass concentrations and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were measured in Hefei, China, in four representative months between September 2012 and August 2013. An annual average mass concentration of 169.09 μg/m(3) for total suspended particulate (TSP) was measured using an Andersen Mark-II cascade impactor. The seasonal average mass concentration was highest in winter (234.73 μg/m(3)) and lowest in summer (91.71 μg/m(3)). Water-soluble ions accounted for 59.49%, 32.90%, 48.62% and 37.08% of the aerosol mass concentration in winter, spring, summer, and fall, respectively, which indicated that ionic species were the primary constituents of the atmospheric aerosols. The four most abundant ions were NO3(-), SO4(2-), Ca(2+) and NH4(+). With the exception of Ca(2+), the mass concentrations of water-soluble ions were in an intermediate range compared with the levels for other Chinese cities. Sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were the dominant fine-particle species, which were bimodally distributed in spring, summer and fall; however, the size distribution became unimodal in winter, with a peak at 1.1-2.1 μm. The Ca(2+) peak occurred at approximately 4.7-5.8 μm in all seasons. The cation to anion ratio was close to 1.4, which suggested that the aerosol particles were alkalescent in Hefei. The average NO3(-)/SO4(2-) mass ratio was 1.10 in Hefei, which indicated that mobile source emissions were predominant. Significant positive correlation coefficients between the concentrations of NH4(+) and SO4(2-), NH4(+) and NO3(-), SO4(2-) and NO3(-), and Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) were also indicated, suggesting that aerosol particles may be present as (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, and NH4NO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Deng
- Anhui Institute of Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Chun-E Shi
- Anhui Institute of Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bi-Wen Wu
- Anhui Institute of Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Anhui Institute of Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Anhui Weather Modification, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Song Zhu
- Hefei Meteorological Bureau, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Caixia Yu
- Anhui Institute of Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China
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Luo T, Wang Z, Ferrare RA, Hostetler CA, Yuan R, Zhang D. Vertically resolved separation of dust and other aerosol types by a new lidar depolarization method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:14095-14107. [PMID: 26072778 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.014095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper developed a new retrieval framework of external mixing of the dust and non-dust aerosol to predict the lidar ratio of the external mixing aerosols and to separate the contributions of non-spherical aerosols by using different depolarization ratios among dust, sea salt, smoke, and polluted aerosols. The detailed sensitivity tests and case study with the new method showed that reliable dust information could be retrieved even without prior information about the non-dust aerosol types. This new method is suitable for global dust retrievals with satellite observations, which is critical for better understanding global dust transportation and for model improvements.
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Investigation of the Dominant Factors Influencing the ERA15 Temperature Increments at the Subtropical and Temperate Belts with a Focus over the Eastern Mediterranean Region. LAND 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/land3031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS OF GASES AND PARTICLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Srivastava AK, Singh S, Tiwari S, Bisht DS. Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols in direct radiative forcing and atmospheric heating rate over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:1144-58. [PMID: 22006505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present work is aimed to understand direct radiation effects due to aerosols over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) region, using detailed chemical analysis of surface measured aerosols during the year 2007. METHODS An optically equivalent aerosol model was formulated on the basis of measured aerosol chemical compositions along with the ambient meteorological parameters to derive radiatively important aerosol optical parameters. The derived aerosol parameters were then used to estimate the aerosol direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, surface, and in the atmosphere. RESULTS The anthropogenic components measured at Delhi were found to be contributing ∼ 72% to the composite aerosol optical depth (AOD(0.5) ∼ 0.84). The estimated mean surface and atmospheric forcing for composite aerosols over Delhi were found to be about -69, -85, and -78 W m(-2) and about +78, +98, and +79 W m(-2) during the winter, summer, and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The anthropogenic aerosols contribute ∼ 90%, 53%, and 84% to the total aerosol surface forcing and ∼ 93%, 54%, and 88% to the total aerosol atmospheric forcing during the above respective periods. The mean (± SD) surface and atmospheric forcing for composite aerosols was about -79 (± 15) and +87 (± 26) W m(-2) over Delhi with respective anthropogenic contributions of ∼ 71% and 75% during the overall period of observation. CONCLUSIONS Aerosol induced large surface cooling, which was relatively higher during summer as compared to the winter suggesting an increase in dust loading over the station. The total atmospheric heating rate at Delhi averaged during the observation was found to be 2.42 ± 0.72 K day(-1), of which the anthropogenic fraction contributed as much as ∼ 73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India.
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Bar-Or RZ, Gildor H, Erlick C. The aerosol–Bénard cell effect on marine stratocumulus clouds and its contribution to glacial-interglacial cycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang H, Zhang X, Gong S, Chen Y, Shi G, Li W. Radiative feedback of dust aerosols on the East Asian dust storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gautam R, Hsu NC, Lau KM. Premonsoon aerosol characterization and radiative effects over the Indo-Gangetic Plains: Implications for regional climate warming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yue X, Wang H, Liao H, Fan K. Simulation of dust aerosol radiative feedback using the GMOD: 2. Dust-climate interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carmona I, Alpert P. Synoptic classification of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosols over Israel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Joseph JH, Yaron O, Yaroslavich E, Israelevich P, Koren I, Yair Y, Devir A, Kischa P. Determination of most probable height of desert dust aerosol layer from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tzanis C, Varotsos CA. Tropospheric aerosol forcing of climate: a case study for the greater area of Greece. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2008; 29:2507-2517. [DOI: 10.1080/01431160701767575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Tzanis
- a Department of Energy Technology , Technological Education Institute of Athens , Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - C. A. Varotsos
- b Department of Applied Physics , University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Build. Phys. 5, 15784, Athens, Greece
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Wuebbles DJ, Lei H, Lin J. Intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia and its consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 150:65-84. [PMID: 17714840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia is a crucial issue for air quality concerns in countries downwind of the significant emissions and concentrations of pollutants occurring in this important region of the world. Since the lifetimes of some important pollutants are long enough to be transported over long distance in the troposphere, regional control strategies for air pollution in downwind countries might be ineffective without considering the effects of long-range transport of pollutants from Asia. Field campaigns provide strong evidence for the intercontinental transport of Asian pollutants. They, together with ground-based observations and model simulations, show that the air quality over parts of North America is being affected by the pollutants transported from Asia. This paper examines the current understanding of the intercontinental transport of gases and aerosols from Asia and resulting effects on air quality, and on the regional and global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Wuebbles
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105 S. Gregory Street, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Bhattacharjee PS, Prasad AK, Kafatos M, Singh RP. Influence of a dust storm on carbon monoxide and water vapor over the Indo-Gangetic Plains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shandilya KK, Khare M, Gupta AB. Suspended particulate matter distribution in rural-industrial Satna and in urban-industrial South Delhi. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 128:431-45. [PMID: 17031507 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An air quality sampling program was designed and implemented to collect the baseline concentrations of respirable suspended particulates (RSP = PM10), non-respirable suspended particulates (NRSP) and fine suspended particulates (FSP = PM2.5). Over a three-week period, a 24-h average concentrations were calculated from the samples collected at an industrial site in Southern Delhi and compared to datasets collected in Satna by Envirotech Limited, Okhla, Delhi in order to establish the characteristic difference in emission patterns. PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulates (TSP) concentrations at Satna were 20.5 +/- 6.0, 102.1 +/- 41.1, and 387.6 +/- 222.4 microg m(-3) and at Delhi were 126.7 +/- 28.6, 268.6 +/- 39.1, and 687.7 +/- 117.4 microg m(-3). Values at Delhi were well above the standard limit for 24-h PM2.5 United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USNAAQS; 65 microg m(-3)), while values at Satna were under the standard limit. Results were compared with various worldwide studies. These comparisons suggest an immediate need for the promulgation of new PM2.5 standards. The position of PM10 in Delhi is drastic and needs an immediate attention. PM10 levels at Delhi were also well above the standard limit for 24-h PM10 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS; 150 microg m(-3)), while levels at Satna remained under the standard limit. PM2.5/PM10 values were also calculated to determine PM2.5 contribution. At Satna, PM2.5 contribution to PM10 was only 20% compared to 47% in Delhi. TSP values at Delhi were well above, while TSP values at Satna were under, the standard limit for 24-h TSP NAAQS (500 microg m(-3)). At Satna, the PM10 contribution to TSP was only 26% compared to 39% in Delhi. The correlation between PM10, PM2.5, and TSP were also calculated in order to gain an insight to their sources. Both in Satna and in Delhi, none of the sources was dominant a varied pattern of emissions was obtained, showing the presence of heterogeneous emission density and that nonrespirable suspended particulate (NRSP) formed the greatest part of the particulate load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik K Shandilya
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
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Kalivitis N, Gerasopoulos E, Vrekoussis M, Kouvarakis G, Kubilay N, Hatzianastassiou N, Vardavas I, Mihalopoulos N. Dust transport over the eastern Mediterranean derived from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, Aerosol Robotic Network, and surface measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Berthier S, Chazette P, Couvert P, Pelon J, Dulac F, Thieuleux F, Moulin C, Pain T. Desert dust aerosol columnar properties over ocean and continental Africa from Lidar in-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) and Meteosat synergy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wong S, Colarco PR, Dessler AE. Principal component analysis of the evolution of the Saharan air layer and dust transport: Comparisons between a model simulation and MODIS and AIRS retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang J, Christopher SA. Mesoscale modeling of Central American smoke transport to the United States: 2. Smoke radiative impact on regional surface energy budget and boundary layer evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kallos G, Papadopoulos A, Katsafados P, Nickovic S. Transatlantic Saharan dust transport: Model simulation and results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Evan AT, Heidinger AK, Knippertz P. Analysis of winter dust activity off the coast of West Africa using a new 24-year over-water advanced very high resolution radiometer satellite dust climatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Alpert P, Barkan J, Kishcha P. A potential climatic index for total Saharan dust: the Sun insolation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barkan J. Synoptics of dust transportation days from Africa toward Italy and central Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kaufman YJ. Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Barkan J. Synoptics of dust intrusion days from the African continent into the Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Usher
- Department of Chemistry, and Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. USA
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Levy RC. Evaluation of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of dust aerosol over the ocean during PRIDE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Colarco PR. Saharan dust transport to the Caribbean during PRIDE: 1. Influence of dust sources and removal mechanisms on the timing and magnitude of downwind aerosol optical depth events from simulations of in situ and remote sensing observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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VanCuren RA, Cahill TA. Asian aerosols in North America: Frequency and concentration of fine dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A. Cahill
- DELTA Group, Department of Applied Science University of California Davis California USA
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Tsidulko M, Krichak SO, Alpert P, Kakaliagou O, Kallos G, Papadopoulos A. Numerical study of a very intensive eastern Mediterranean dust storm, 13-16 March 1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tsidulko
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Israel
| | - S. O. Krichak
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Israel
| | - P. Alpert
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Israel
| | - O. Kakaliagou
- Department of Applied Physics; University of Athens; Greece
| | - G. Kallos
- Department of Applied Physics; University of Athens; Greece
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41
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Israelevich PL, Levin Z, Joseph JH, Ganor E. Desert aerosol transport in the Mediterranean region as inferred from the TOMS aerosol index. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Israelevich
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Z. Levin
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - J. H. Joseph
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - E. Ganor
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
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Mahowald NM, Zender CS, Luo C, Savoie D, Torres O, del Corral J. Understanding the 30-year Barbados desert dust record. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Mahowald
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Institute for Computational Earth System Science; University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Charles S. Zender
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California, Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Chao Luo
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Institute for Computational Earth System Science; University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Dennis Savoie
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - Omar Torres
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology; University of Maryland; Baltimore County, Baltimore Maryland USA
- NASA; Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - John del Corral
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Institute for Computational Earth System Science; University of California, Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara California USA
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Abstract
Anthropogenic aerosols are intricately linked to the climate system and to the hydrologic cycle. The net effect of aerosols is to cool the climate system by reflecting sunlight. Depending on their composition, aerosols can also absorb sunlight in the atmosphere, further cooling the surface but warming the atmosphere in the process. These effects of aerosols on the temperature profile, along with the role of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei, impact the hydrologic cycle, through changes in cloud cover, cloud properties and precipitation. Unravelling these feedbacks is particularly difficult because aerosols take a multitude of shapes and forms, ranging from desert dust to urban pollution, and because aerosol concentrations vary strongly over time and space. To accurately study aerosol distribution and composition therefore requires continuous observations from satellites, networks of ground-based instruments and dedicated field experiments. Increases in aerosol concentration and changes in their composition, driven by industrialization and an expanding population, may adversely affect the Earth's climate and water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram J Kaufman
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
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Léon JF. Aerosol direct radiative impact over the INDOEX area based on passive and active remote sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pandithurai G, Pinker RT, Dubovik O, Holben BN, Aro TO. Remote sensing of aerosol optical characteristics in sub-Sahel, West Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pinker RT, Pandithurai G, Holben BN, Dubovik O, Aro TO. A dust outbreak episode in sub-Sahel West Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sokolik IN, Winker DM, Bergametti G, Gillette DA, Carmichael G, Kaufman YJ, Gomes L, Schuetz L, Penner JE. Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Özsoy E, Kubilay N, Nickovic S, Moulin C. A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Perlwitz J, Tegen I, Miller RL. Interactive soil dust aerosol model in the GISS GCM: 1. Sensitivity of the soil dust cycle to radiative properties of soil dust aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Myhre G, Stordal F. Global sensitivity experiments of the radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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