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Malla TR, Brewitz L, Muntean DG, Aslam H, Owen CD, Salah E, Tumber A, Lukacik P, Strain-Damerell C, Mikolajek H, Walsh MA, Schofield CJ. Penicillin Derivatives Inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Reaction with Its Nucleophilic Cysteine. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7682-7696. [PMID: 35549342 PMCID: PMC9115881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is a medicinal chemistry target for COVID-19 treatment. Given the clinical efficacy of β-lactams as inhibitors of bacterial nucleophilic enzymes, they are of interest as inhibitors of viral nucleophilic serine and cysteine proteases. We describe the synthesis of penicillin derivatives which are potent Mpro inhibitors and investigate their mechanism of inhibition using mass spectrometric and crystallographic analyses. The results suggest that β-lactams have considerable potential as Mpro inhibitors via a mechanism involving reaction with the nucleophilic cysteine to form a stable acyl-enzyme complex as shown by crystallographic analysis. The results highlight the potential for inhibition of viral proteases employing nucleophilic catalysis by β-lactams and related acylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tika R. Malla
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorian-Gabriel Muntean
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hiba Aslam
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C. David Owen
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, OX11
0FA Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Lukacik
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, OX11
0FA Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Strain-Damerell
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, OX11
0FA Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Mikolajek
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, OX11
0FA Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Walsh
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, OX11
0FA Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lopez Quezada L, Smith R, Lupoli TJ, Edoo Z, Li X, Gold B, Roberts J, Ling Y, Park SW, Nguyen Q, Schoenen FJ, Li K, Hugonnet JE, Arthur M, Sacchettini JC, Nathan C, Aubé J. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Reveals That Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bind Multiple Protein Families and Spare Peptidoglycan Transpeptidases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1248. [PMID: 32655524 PMCID: PMC7324553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As β-lactams are reconsidered for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), their targets are assumed to be peptidoglycan transpeptidases, as verified by adduct formation and kinetic inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transpeptidases by carbapenems active against replicating Mtb. Here, we investigated the targets of recently described cephalosporins that are selectively active against non-replicating (NR) Mtb. NR-active cephalosporins failed to inhibit recombinant Mtb transpeptidases. Accordingly, we used alkyne analogs of NR-active cephalosporins to pull down potential targets through unbiased activity-based protein profiling and identified over 30 protein binders. None was a transpeptidase. Several of the target candidates are plausibly related to Mtb's survival in an NR state. However, biochemical tests and studies of loss of function mutants did not identify a unique target that accounts for the bactericidal activity of these beta-lactams against NR Mtb. Instead, NR-active cephalosporins appear to kill Mtb by collective action on multiple targets. These results highlight the ability of these β-lactams to target diverse classes of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landys Lopez Quezada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Smith
- Chemical Methodologies & Library Development Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Tania J. Lupoli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zainab Edoo
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, CRC, Paris, France
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sae Woong Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Frank J. Schoenen
- Chemical Methodologies & Library Development Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Hugonnet
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, CRC, Paris, France
| | - Michel Arthur
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, CRC, Paris, France
| | - James C. Sacchettini
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Chemical Methodologies & Library Development Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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3
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Bhalla A, Nagpal Y, Berry S, Narula D, Bari S, Bhasin K, Kumar R. Stereoselective synthesis, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic characterization of novel trans- and cis-3-methylseleno substituted monocyclic β-lactams: Potential synthons for C-3 functionalized/bicyclic/halospiroseleno-β-lactams of medicinal interest. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Yeh CH, Walsh SI, Craney A, Tabor MG, Voica AF, Adhikary R, Morris SE, Romesberg FE. Optimization of a β-Lactam Scaffold for Antibacterial Activity via the Inhibition of Bacterial Type I Signal Peptidase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:376-380. [PMID: 29670704 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics, one of the most important class of human therapeutics, act via the inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The unparalleled success in their development has inspired efforts to develop them as inhibitors of other targets. Bacterial type I signal peptidase is evolutionarily related to the PBPs, but the stereochemistry of its substrates and its catalytic mechanism suggest that β-lactams with the 5S stereochemistry, as opposed to the 5R stereochemistry of the traditional β-lactams, would be required for inhibition. We report the synthesis and evaluation of a variety of 5S penem derivatives and identify several with promising activity against both a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen. To our knowledge these are the first 5S β-lactams to possess significant antibacterial activity and the first β-lactams imparted with antibacterial activity via optimization of the inhibition of a target other than a PBP. Along with the privileged status of their scaffold and the promise of bacterial signal peptidase I (SPase) as a target, this activity makes these compounds promising leads for development as novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Shawn I. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Arryn Craney
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - M. Greg Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Ana-Florina Voica
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Ramkrishna Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Sydney E. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
| | - Floyd E. Romesberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California 92037 United States
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5
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Korkmaz B, Lesner A, Guarino C, Wysocka M, Kellenberger C, Watier H, Specks U, Gauthier F, Jenne DE. Inhibitors and Antibody Fragments as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Targeting Neutrophil Proteinase 3 in Human Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:603-30. [PMID: 27329045 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) has received great scientific attention after its identification as the essential antigenic target of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis (now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis). Despite many structural and functional similarities between neutrophil elastase (NE) and PR3 during biosynthesis, storage, and extracellular release, unique properties and pathobiological functions have emerged from detailed studies in recent years. The development of highly sensitive substrates and inhibitors of human PR3 and the creation of PR3-selective single knockout mice led to the identification of nonredundant roles of PR3 in cell death induction via procaspase-3 activation in cell cultures and in mouse models. According to a study in knockout mice, PR3 shortens the lifespan of infiltrating neutrophils in tissues and accelerates the clearance of aged neutrophils in mice. Membrane exposure of active human PR3 on apoptotic neutrophils reprograms the response of macrophages to phagocytosed neutrophils, triggers secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and undermines immune silencing and tissue regeneration. PR3-induced disruption of the anti-inflammatory effect of efferocytosis may be relevant for not only granulomatosis with polyangiitis but also for other autoimmune diseases with high neutrophil turnover. Inhibition of membrane-bound PR3 by endogenous inhibitors such as the α-1-protease inhibitor is comparatively weaker than that of NE, suggesting that the adverse effects of unopposed PR3 activity resurface earlier than those of NE in individuals with α-1-protease inhibitor deficiency. Effective coverage of PR3 by anti-inflammatory tools and simultaneous inhibition of both PR3 and NE should be most promising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Carla Guarino
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Hervé Watier
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Ulrich Specks
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
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6
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Kondo M, Sugimoto M, Nakamura S. Direct catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reaction of dichloroacetonitrile using bis(imidazoline)-Pd catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13604-13607. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reaction of dichloroacetonitrile with imines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Mami Sugimoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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7
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Khangarot RK, Kaliappan KP. Kinugasa Reaction: A Direct One-Pot Route to Highly Functionalized β-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Vinothkumar K, Pierrat O, Large J, Freeman M. Structure of rhomboid protease in complex with β-lactam inhibitors defines the S2' cavity. Structure 2013; 21:1051-8. [PMID: 23665170 PMCID: PMC3690538 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Rhomboids are evolutionarily conserved serine proteases that cleave transmembrane proteins within the membrane. The increasing number of known rhomboid functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes them attractive drug targets. Here, we describe structures of the Escherichia coli rhomboid GlpG in complex with β-lactam inhibitors. The inhibitors form a single bond to the catalytic serine and the carbonyl oxygen of the inhibitor faces away from the oxyanion hole. The hydrophobic N-substituent of β-lactam inhibitors points into a cavity within the enzyme, providing a structural explanation for the specificity of β-lactams on rhomboid proteases. This same cavity probably represents the S2' substrate binding site of GlpG. We suggest that the structural changes in β-lactam inhibitor binding reflect the state of the enzyme at an initial stage of substrate binding to the active site. The structural insights from these enzyme-inhibitor complexes provide a starting point for structure-based design for rhomboid inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutti R. Vinothkumar
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Olivier A. Pierrat
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Large
- Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, MRC Technology, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| | - Matthew Freeman
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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9
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An unprecedented reversible mode of action of β-lactams for the inhibition of human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH). Eur J Med Chem 2013; 60:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Hamed RB, Gomez-Castellanos JR, Henry L, Ducho C, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. The enzymes of β-lactam biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:21-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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In vitro evaluation of the antielastase activity of polycyclic β-lactams. Bioorg Chem 2012; 45:29-35. [PMID: 23064125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of bi- and tricyclic β-lactam compounds was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cleavage of synthetic substrates in vitro by the serine proteases Human Leukocyte Elastase (HLE), Human Leukocyte Proteinase 3 (HLPR3) and Porcine Pancreatic Elastase (PPE). The obtained results have permitted us to describe a homobenzocarbacephem compound as HLE and HLPR3 inhibitor, to observe the positive effect that the styryl group exerts on the HLE inhibitory activity in polycyclic β-lactam compounds and to conclude that the hydroxyl function decreases the HLE inhibitory activity or rules it out completely.
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12
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Khangarot RK, Kaliappan KP. A Stereoselective Synthesis of Sugar-Derived Chiral β-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Lucas SD, Costa E, Guedes RC, Moreira R. Targeting COPD: advances on low-molecular-weight inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E73-101. [PMID: 21681767 DOI: 10.1002/med.20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major increasing health problem and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports COPD as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD refers to a condition of inflammation and progressive weakening of the structure of the lung as well as irreversible narrowing of the airways. Current treatment is only palliative and no available drug halts the progression of the disease. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease, which plays a major role in the COPD inflammatory process. The protease/anti-protease imbalance leads to an excess of extracellular HNE hydrolyzing elastin, the structural protein that confers elasticity to the lung tissue. Although HNE was identified as a therapeutic target for COPD more than 30 years ago, only Sivelestat (ONO-5046), an HNE inhibitor from Ono Pharmaceutical, has been approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, Sivelestat is only approved in Japan and its development in the USA was terminated in 2003. Other inhibitors in pre-clinical or phase I trials were discontinued for various reasons. Hence, there is an urgent need for low-molecular-weight synthetic elastase inhibitors and the present review discusses the recent advances on this field covering acylating agents, transition-state inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, relevant natural products, and major patent disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana D Lucas
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Crauste C, Froeyen M, Anné J, Herdewijn P. Asymmetric Synthesis of New β-Lactam Lipopeptides as Bacterial Signal Peptidase I Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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16
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17
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Mulchande J, Simões SI, Gaspar MM, Eleutério CV, Oliveira R, Cruz MEM, Moreira R, Iley J. Synthesis, stability, biochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of a new potent and selective 4-oxo-β-lactam inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:169-75. [PMID: 20545486 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.486794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4-oxo-β-lactams (azetidine-2,4-diones) are potent acylating agents of the human leukocyte elastase (HLE), a neutrophil serine protease that plays a key role in several inflammatory diseases. A novel 4-oxo-β-lactam containing a N-(4-(phenylsulphonylmethyl)phenyl) group, 3, was designed as a potential mechanism-based inhibitor capable of undergoing elimination of phenylsulphinate upon Ser-195 acylation. Compound 3 was found to be a potent slow-tight binding inhibitor of HLE, presenting a remarkable second-order rate constant of 1.46 x 10⁶ M⁻¹s⁻¹ and displaying selectivity over the proteinase 3 and cathepsin G. However, liberation of phenylsulphinate was not observed in the hydrolysis of 3 in both pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and human plasma. The C(max) values of 1207 μg/total blood, 179 μg/g spleen and 106 μg/g lung were determined by HPLC, following a single 30 mg/kg dose of 3 given intraperitoneally to NMRI mice, suggesting that the inhibitor distributes well into tissues. Although being a powerful selective inhibitor of HLE, 4-oxo-β-lactam 3 has a limited stability, being susceptible to off-target reactions (plasma and liver enzymes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalmira Mulchande
- Medicinal Chemistry, iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal.
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18
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Spirocyclic β-Lactams: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLIC SCAFFOLDS I 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2009_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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19
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Mulchande J, Oliveira R, Carrasco M, Gouveia L, Guedes RC, Iley J, Moreira R. 4-Oxo-β-lactams (Azetidine-2,4-diones) Are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase. J Med Chem 2009; 53:241-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalmira Mulchande
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rudi Oliveira
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Carrasco
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Gouveia
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jim Iley
- Department of Chemistry and Analytical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, U.K
| | - Rui Moreira
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Bhalla A, Nagpal Y, Kumar R, Mehta S, Bhasin K, Bari S. Synthesis and characterization of novel pyridyl/naphthyl/(diphenyl)methylseleno substituted alkanoic acids: X-ray structure of 2-pyridylselenoethanoic acid, 2-naphthylselenoethanoic acid and 2-(diphenyl)methylselenoethanoic acid. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Kelly E, Greene CM, McElvaney NG. Targeting neutrophil elastase in cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:145-57. [PMID: 18208364 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal hereditary disease characterised by neutrophil-dominated lung inflammation. These abundant neutrophils produce neutrophil elastase (NE), a destructive serine protease that has direct actions on extracellular matrix proteins and has a role in the host response to inflammation and infection. OBJECTIVE This review examines the prospect of developing novel therapies for CF by targeting NE. The authors explore the functions of NE and of naturally-occurring and synthetic NE inhibitors. METHODS A literature search was conducted exploring the functions of NE and inhibitors of NE; naturally occurring and synthetic. CONCLUSIONS Targeting NE in CF offers therapeutic potential, but optimal inhibitors that can be delivered safely and effectively to the lung are still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Kelly
- Beaumont Hospital, Department of Respiratory Research, RCSI Smurfit Building, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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22
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. N-Benzoylpyrazoles Are Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Elastase. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4928-38. [PMID: 17850059 DOI: 10.1021/jm070600+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (NE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Using high-throughput chemolibrary screening, we identified 10 N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives that were potent NE inhibitors. Nine additional NE inhibitors were identified through further screening of N-benzoylpyrazole analogues. Evaluation of inhibitory activity against a range of proteases showed high specificity for NE, although several derivatives were also potent inhibitors of chymotrypsin. Analysis of reaction kinetics and inhibitor stability revealed that N-benzoylpyrazoles were pseudoirreversible competitive inhibitors of NE. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis demonstrated that modification of N-benzoylpyrazole ring substituents modulated enzyme selectivity and potency. Furthermore, molecular modeling of the binding of selected active and inactive compounds to the NE active site revealed that active compounds fit well into the catalytic site, whereas inactive derivatives contained substituents or conformations that hindered binding or accessibility to the catalytic residues. Thus, N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives represent novel structural templates that can be utilized for further development of efficacious NE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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23
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Singh P, Williams SA, Shah MH, Lectka T, Pritchard GJ, Isaacs JT, Denmeade SR. Mechanistic insights into the inhibition of prostate specific antigen by β-lactam class compounds. Proteins 2007; 70:1416-28. [PMID: 17894328 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a biomarker used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and to monitor therapeutic response. However, its precise role in prostate carcinogenesis and metastasis remains largely unknown. A number of studies arguing in the favor of an active role of PSA in prostate cancer development and progression have implicated this serine protease in the release and activation of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) through cleavage of insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta) through cleavage of Latent TGF-beta. In contrast, other studies suggest that PSA activity might hinder tumor development and progression. In light of these contradictory findings, efficient inhibitors of PSA are needed for exploring its biological role in tumor development and metastasis. Towards the goal of developing potent inhibitors of PSA, we have explored the molecular mechanism of a series of beta-lactam based compounds on binding to PSA using activity assays, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and GOLD docking methodology. The mass spectrometry experiments and the activity assays confirmed the time-dependent and covalent nature of beta-lactam binding. To gain insights on the reaction intermediates at the molecular level, we docked beta-lactam inhibitors to a homology modeled PSA using the GOLD docking program in noncovalent and covalent binding modes. The docking studies elucidated the molecular details of the early noncovalent Michaelis complex, the acyl-enzyme covalent complex, and the nature of conformational reorganization required for the long term stability of the covalent complex. Additionally, the molecular basis for the effect of stereochemistry of the lactam ring on the inhibitory potency was elucidated through docking of beta-lactam enantiomers. As a validation of our docking methodology, two novel enantiomers were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potency using fluorogenic substrate based activity assays. Additionally, cis enantiomers of eight beta-lactam compounds reported in a previous study were docked and their GOLD scores and binding modes were analyzed in order to assess the general applicability of our docking results. The close agreement of our docking results with the experimental data validates the mechanistic insights revealed through the docking studies and paves the way for the design and development of potent and specific inhibitors of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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24
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Chincholkar P, Puranik VG, Deshmukh A. Stereoselective synthesis of spiro-β-lactams using d-(+)-glucose derived chiral pool: remarkable influence of the torquoelectronic effect. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Bhalla A, Venugopalan P, Bhasin KK, Bari SS. Seleno-β-lactams: synthesis of monocyclic and spirocyclic selenoazetidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Synthesis and anticancer properties of 7α-chloro-3-methyl-1,1-dioxoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid esters. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-007-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Mulchande J, Martins L, Moreira R, Archer M, Oliveira TF, Iley J. The efficiency of C-4 substituents in activating the β-lactam scaffold towards serine proteases and hydroxide ion. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2617-26. [DOI: 10.1039/b706622h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Bhalla A, Venugopalan P, Bari SS. A New Synthetic Approach to Novel Spiro-β-lactams. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Friot C, Reliquet A, Meslin JC. SYNTHESE DE CEPHEMES PAR REACTION DE NOUVELLES 6H-1,3-THIAZINES AVEC LES CETENES. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509708031603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Friot
- a Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique , UMR C.N.R.S. 6513, 2, rue de la Houssiniére, 44072, Nantes, Cedex, France
| | - A. Reliquet
- a Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique , UMR C.N.R.S. 6513, 2, rue de la Houssiniére, 44072, Nantes, Cedex, France
| | - J. C. Meslin
- a Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique , UMR C.N.R.S. 6513, 2, rue de la Houssiniére, 44072, Nantes, Cedex, France
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30
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31
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Bhalla A, Rathee S, Madan S, Venugopalan P, Bari SS. Lewis acid mediated functionalization of β-lactams: mechanistic study and synthesis of C-3 unsymmetrically disubstituted azetidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Moreira R, Santana AB, Iley J, Neres J, Douglas KT, Horton PN, Hursthouse MB. Design, Synthesis, and Enzymatic Evaluation of N-Acyloxyalkyl- and N1-Oxazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl-Substituted β-lactams as Novel Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4861-70. [PMID: 16033266 DOI: 10.1021/jm0501331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte elastase (HLE) is a serine protease that very efficiently degrades various tissue matrix proteins such as elastin. The imbalance between HLE and its endogenous inhibitors leads to excessive elastin proteolysis and is considered to be responsible for the onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A novel series of C-3-, C-4-, and N-1-substituted azetidin-2-ones were prepared as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of HLE to restore the protease/antiprotease imbalance. N-Acyloxyalkylazetidin-2-ones, 4, and their carbamate counterparts, 5, are weak HLE inhibitors, being 5 times less active than their bicyclic oxazolidin-2,4-dione-substituted analogues, 6, containing an electron-withdrawing substituent at C-4. Compounds 6 containing a C-4 substituent exist as two diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers, each pair presenting similar inhibitory activity against HLE. Comparative docking experiments with the C-4-substituted oxazolidin-2,4-dione inhibitors 6 suggest that only the 4R,5'S and 4S,5'S diastereomers consistently interact with the beta-lactam carbonyl carbon atom accessible to the serine hydroxyl oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Moreira
- CECF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Forças Armadas, 1600-083 Lisboa, Portugal.
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33
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Skiles JW, Jeng AY. Therapeutic promises of leukocyte elastase and macrophage metalloelastase inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.7.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Metz WA, Peet NP. Inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase as a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.7.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Govande V, Deshmukh A. Facile stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted-4-trichloromethyl azetidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Gasparini C, Menegazzi R, Patriarca P, Dri P. Evidence that elastase is the TNF-R75 shedding enzyme in resting human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. FEBS Lett 2003; 553:360-4. [PMID: 14572651 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that a metalloprotease and a serine protease mediate shedding of the TNF-R75 (75-kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor) in neutrophils. Here we show that elastase is the TNF-R75 solubilizing serine protease. Release of the TNF-R75 by resting cells was almost totally inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), by two synthetic, chemically unrelated, elastase-specific inhibitors and by alpha1-protease inhibitor. Release after TNF or FMLP (N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine) stimulation was blocked by DFP and a metalloprotease inhibitor used in combination. Supernatants from resting neutrophils contained a 28-kDa fragment of the receptor, compatible with that generated by elastase, whose appearance was inhibited by DFP. Upon FMLP stimulation, the release of 28-kDa and 40-kDa fragments was observed, which was inhibited by DFP and a metalloprotease inhibitor, respectively. We conclude that elastase is the TNF-R75 sheddase of resting neutrophils and that it contributes to shedding of this receptor in stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gasparini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, Trieste, Italy
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37
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Powers JC, Asgian JL, Ekici OD, James KE. Irreversible inhibitors of serine, cysteine, and threonine proteases. Chem Rev 2002; 102:4639-750. [PMID: 12475205 DOI: 10.1021/cr010182v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C Powers
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
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38
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Gérard S, Nollet G, Vande Put J, Marchand-Brynaert J. 1-Alkoxycarbonyl-3-halogenoazetidin-2-ones as elastase (PPE) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3955-64. [PMID: 12413847 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-alkoxycarbonyl-3-halogenoazetidin-2-ones, designed as potential suicide inhibitors of serine proteases, has been synthesized and evaluated against porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). All the compounds were transient inhibitors, their activity depending mainly on the nature of the halogen substituent: bromo- and iodo- derivatives are more active (K(i) approximately 2-22 microM) than 3-chloroazetidinones (K(i) approximately 20-150 microM). The lipophilicity of the N-1 substituent appeared to exert a slightly positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Gérard
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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39
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An asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams: on the use of chiral oxazolidones in the Kinugasa reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Chen Z, Demuth TP, Wireko FC. Stereoselective synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 4-amido-isothiazolidinone oxides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2111-5. [PMID: 11514150 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two well-defined oxidative chlorination-cyclization processes have been developed for the stereoselective synthesis of a variety of 4-amido-isothiazolidinone oxide derivatives. The stereochemistry of the cyclization products was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. These new compounds were designed as bacterial serine protease inhibitors. In tests, some of them showed weak antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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41
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Clemente A, Domingos A, Grancho AP, Iley J, Moreira R, Neres J, Palma N, Santana AB, Valente E. Design, synthesis and stability of N-acyloxymethyl- and N-aminocarbonyloxymethyl-2-azetidinones as human leukocyte elastase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1065-8. [PMID: 11327591 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-acyloxymethyl- and N-aminocarbonyloxymethyl derivatives of 2-azetidinones, 3, with different substituent patterns at the beta-lactam C-3 and C-4 positions, were designed as potential mechanism-based inhibitors for human leukocyte elastase and found to exhibit inhibitory potency and selectivity for the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clemente
- INETI, Dep. Biotecnologia, Estrada das Palmeiras, Lisboa, Portugal
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42
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Koteva KP, Cantin AM, Neugebauer WA, Escher E. Synthesis and evaluation of novel β-lactam inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of β-lactam derivatives were synthesized and tested to determine the structure-activity relationship for inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), a serine protease involved in several degenerative lung and tissue diseases. The most potent IC50 values were obtained with neutral hydrophobic 7α-methoxy cephalosporanic acid derivatives. Tryptophanyl-9-fluorenylmethyl ester and N-benzhydryl piperazine derivatives of 7α-methoxy cephalosporanic acid represent two novel HLE inhibitors, with length of action persisting beyond 24 h.Key words: β-lactams, neutrophil elastase, protease inhibitors, peptides.
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43
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44
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Buynak JD, Doppalapudi VR, Rao AS, Nidamarthy SD, Adam G. The synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-7-(alkylidene)cephalosporin sulfones as beta-lactamase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:847-51. [PMID: 10853645 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-substituted-7-(alkylidene)cephalosporin sulfones were prepared and evaluated as beta-lactamase inhibitors. Compound 11c showed excellent activity as an inhibitor of the class C beta-lactamase derived from Enterobacter cloacae, strain P99.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Buynak
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
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45
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Hamilton-Miller JM. beta-lactams: variations on a chemical theme, with some surprising biological results. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44:729-34. [PMID: 10590272 DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.6.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Hamilton-Miller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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46
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Dallegri F, Dapino P, Arduino N, Bertolotto M, Ottonello L. Cefoperazone prevents the inactivation of alpha(1)-antitrypsin by activated neutrophils. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2307-10. [PMID: 10471586 PMCID: PMC89468 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.9.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/1999] [Accepted: 06/11/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At sites of neutrophilic inflammation, tissue injury by neutrophil elastase is favored by phagocyte-induced hypochlorous acid-dependent inactivation of the natural elastase inhibitor alpha(1)-antitrypsin. In the present study, cefoperazone prevented alpha(1)-antitrypsin inactivation by neutrophils and reduced the recovery of hypochlorous acid from these cells. Moreover, the antibiotic reduced the free elastase activity in a neutrophil suspension supplemented with alpha(1)-antitrypsin without affecting the cells' ability to release elastase. These data suggest that the drug inactivates hypochlorous acid before its reaction with alpha(1)-antitrypsin, thereby permitting the antiprotease-mediated blockade of released elastase. In conclusion, cefoperazone appears to have the potential for limiting elastase-antielastase imbalances, attenuating the related tissue injury at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dallegri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa Medical School, Genoa, Italy
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47
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Taoka Y, Okajima K, Murakami K, Johno M, Naruo M. Role of neutrophil elastase in compression-induced spinal cord injury in rats. Brain Res 1998; 799:264-9. [PMID: 9675307 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the importance of activated neutrophils in compression-induced spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. In the present study, we investigate the action of neutrophil elastase in posttraumatic SCI, using two neutrophil elastase inhibitors (Eglin C and L658,758). SCI was induced by applying a 20-g weight to the spinal cord for 20 min at the level of T12, resulting in hindlimbs motor disturbances, which, when evaluated using a inclined-plane test, were significantly attenuated by Eglin C or L658,758. Histologic examination revealed that intramedullary hemorrhages observed 24 h after trauma were markedly attenuated in these agents. These inhibitors also significantly decreased neutrophil accumulation as shown by myeloperoxidase activity in the damaged spinal cord segment. Induction of leukocytopenia had the same effects as Eglin C or L658,758. These findings implicated neutrophil elastase in SCI. The enzyme may induce vascular damage leading to spinal cord ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Taoka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Medical School, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860, Japan
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Buynak JD, Rao AS, Ford GP, Carver C, Adam G, Geng B, Bachmann B, Shobassy S, Lackey S. 7-alkylidenecephalosporin esters as inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3423-33. [PMID: 9341917 DOI: 10.1021/jm970351x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of 7-alkylidenecephalosporins and 7-vinylidenecephalosporins, as their benzhydryl esters, have been tested as inhibitors of both porcine pancreatic elastase and human leukocyte elastase. Selected 7-alkylidenecephalosporin esters are found to be potent inhibitors of HLE. One category of new inhibitors is the 7-(haloalkylidene)cephalosporins. In contrast to previously reported cephalosporin-based elastase inhibitors, these haloalkylidene cephems show optimum inhibitory activity as sulfides, rather than as sulfones. They are efficient and irreversible inhibitors. A second class of active compounds is represented by the benzhydryl ester 7-(cyanomethylidene)cephalosporin sulfone. In contrast to the activity of these new inhibitors, the benzhydryl ester of the mechanism-based beta-lactamase inhibitor, 7-[(2'-pyridyl)methylidene]-cephalosporin sulfone showed little inhibitory activity as an elastase inhibitor. 7-Vinylidenecephalosporins were also relatively poor inhibitors, although the terminally unsubstituted allene sulfide showed activity as an inhibitor of PPE. A modeling analysis suggests the 7-alkylidene substituents can be readily accommodated in the S1 pocket. A potential mechanism of inhibition is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Buynak
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
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Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by functionalized N-aryl-3,3-dihalogenoazetidin-2-ones. Stereospecific synthesis and chiral recognition of dissymmetrically C3-substituted β-lactams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Molecular modeling studies of 2-substituted cephalosporin esters binding to human leukocyte elastase. Eur J Med Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(97)83973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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