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Wang B, Li WL. Revisiting the quasi-aromaticity in polynuclear metal chalcogenide clusters and their derivative "cluster-assembly" crystalline structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17370-17382. [PMID: 38860760 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The concept of aromaticity is primarily invented to account for the high stability of conjugated organic compounds that possess a specific structural and chemical stability with (4n + 2) π electrons. In 1988, quasi-aromaticity was theoretically proposed for the Mo3S44+ core in the Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3(χ-dtp)3(μ-dtp) L compound (χ: chelating ligand; dtp: (EtO)2PS2-) illustrated by canonical molecular orbitals. However, the origin of the quasi-aromaticity and chemical bonding remains ambiguous, lacking a thorough analysis in terms of stability and quantitative measurement of the aromatic character. Thus, in this work, we systematically reported the electronic structure and aromaticity of a series of polynuclear metal chalcogenide clusters [M3X4(H2O)9]4+ (M = Cr, Mo, W, and Sg; X = O, S, Se, and Te) to explore an efficient tool of NICS index values at specific points to measure the quasi-aromaticity and to figure out the (d-p-d) π three-center bonding as the predominant origin from the arrangement of three Mo atoms and three bridged X atoms. Interestingly, derived from the Mo3⋯S3 quasi-plane, the extended sandwich cluster model of a S3⋯Mo3⋯S3 (Mo3S6) structure can be seen as the seed unit of the popular MoS2 nanomaterials, with the resemblance between both molecular and periodic systems regarding geometries, electronic structures, and chemical bonding. Additionally, the highly symmetric Mo3S4 core in [Mo3X4(H2O)9]4+ can be arranged in a staggered and stacked manner to create the Mo6S82- building block, corresponding to the crystalline structures in BaMo6S8 Chevrel phases, albeit with slight deformations. But the neutral Mo6S8 cluster can be seen as the seed structure for the Mo3S4 periodic materials for the high resemblance in terms of geometry, electronic structures and chemical bonding. Drawing upon the observed similarities between cluster models and materials, we propose a new concept termed "cluster-assembly" materials. This concept involves the expansion from a high-symmetry and/or aromatic stable cluster seed unit to form the corresponding derivative materials, presenting an alternative paradigm for investigating crystals and enriching our comprehension of the stabilities exhibited by both gas-phase clusters and solid-state materials. The concept of "cluster-assembly" materials not only contributes to the formulation of design strategies for novel materials or stable clusters but also provides valuable insights into the extension of periodic aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochu Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Cui C, Zhang H, Gu Y, Geng L, Jia Y, Lin S, Ma J, Luo Z. Tailoring Titanium Carbide Clusters for New Materials: from Met-Cars to Carbon-Doped Superatoms. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9302-9310. [PMID: 38506150 PMCID: PMC10996009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring materials with prescribed properties and regular structures is a critical and challenging research topic. Early transition metals were found to form supermagic M8C12 metallocarbohedrenes (Met-Cars); however, stable metal carbides are not limited to this common stoichiometry. Utilizing self-developed deep-ultraviolet laser ionization mass spectrometry, here, we report a strategy to generate new titanium carbides by reacting pure Tin clusters with acetylene. Interestingly, two products corresponding to Ti17C2 and Ti19C10 exhibit superior abundances in addition to the Ti8C12 Met-Cars. Using global-minimum search, the structures of Ti17C2 and Ti19C10 are determined to be an ellipsoidal D4d and a rod-shaped D5h geometry, respectively, both with carbon-capped Ti4C moieties and superatomic features. We illustrate the electronic structures and bonding nature in these carbon-doped superatoms concerning their enhanced stability and local aromaticity, shedding light on a new class of metal-carbide nanomaterials with atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Cui
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuming Gu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Sodisetti VR, Lemmerer A, Wamwangi D, Bhattacharyya S. Observation of High Magnetic Bistability in Lanthanide (Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy)-Grafted Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Molecular System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12303. [PMID: 37569684 PMCID: PMC10418393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an immense research interest in molecular hybrid materials posing novel magnetic properties for usage in spintronic devices and quantum technological applications. Although grafting magnetic molecules onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is nontrivial, there is a need to explore their single molecule magnetic (SMM) properties post-grafting to a greater degree. Here, we report a one-step chemical approach for lanthanide-EDTA (Ln = GdIII, 1; TbIII, 2 and DyIII, 3) chelate synthesis and their effective grafting onto MWCNT surfaces with high magnetic bistability retention. The magnetic anisotropy of an Ln-CNT hybrid molecular system by replacing the central ions in the hybrid complex was studied and it was found that system 1 exhibited a magnetization reversal from positive to negative values at 70 K with quasi-anti-ferromagnetic ordering, 2 showed diamagnetism to quasi-ferromagnetism and 3 displayed anti-ferromagnetic ordering as the temperature was lowered at an applied field of 200 Oe. A further analysis of magnetization (M) vs. field (H) revealed 1 displaying superparamagnetic behavior, and 2 and 3 displaying smooth hysteresis loops with zero-field slow magnetic relaxation. The present work highlights the importance of the selection of lanthanide ions in designing SMM-CNT hybrid molecular systems with multi-functionalities for building spin valves, molecular transistors, switches, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara Rao Sodisetti
- Nano-Scale Transport Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Andreas Lemmerer
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Daniel Wamwangi
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Nano-Scale Transport Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
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4
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Electronic Structure Calculations on Endohedral Complexes of Fullerenes: Reminiscences and Prospects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031384. [PMID: 36771050 PMCID: PMC9920411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of electronic structure calculations on the endohedral complexes of fullerenes is reviewed. First, the long road to the isolation of new allotropes of carbon that commenced with the seminal organic syntheses involving simple inorganic substrates is discussed. Next, the focus is switched to author's involvement with fullerene research that has led to the in silico discovery of endohedral complexes. The predictions of these pioneering theoretical studies are juxtaposed against the data afforded by subsequent experimental developments. The successes and failures of the old and modern quantum-chemical calculations on endohedral complexes are summarized and their remaining deficiencies requiring further attention are identified.
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5
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Reversible Diels–Alder Addition to Fullerenes: A Study of Dimethylanthracene with H2@C60. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101667. [PMID: 35630891 PMCID: PMC9144212 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of isolated atoms or molecules inside a fullerene cavity provides a unique environment. It is likely to control the outer carbon cage and study the isolated species when molecules or atoms are trapped inside a fullerene. We report the Diels–Alder addition reaction of 9,10-dimethyl anthracene (DMA) to H2@C60 while 1H NMR spectroscopy is utilized to characterize the Diels–Alder reaction of the DMA with the fullerene. Through 1H NMR spectroscopy, a series of isomeric adducts are identified. The obtained peaks are sharp, precise, and straightforward. Moreover, in this paper, H2@C60 and its isomers are described for the first time.
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6
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Arias-Olivares D, Páez-Hernández D. The spin–orbit effects on platinabenzene: a ring current and electron delocalization approach. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity of platinabenzene was studied using the electronic structure and magnetic descriptors with relativistic corrections. It presents aromatic character following the Hückel's rule, negative NICS values, and diatropic current densities.
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7
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Tkachenko NV, Popov IA, Kulichenko M, Fedik N, Sun Z, Muñoz‐Castro A, Boldyrev AI. Bridging Aromatic/Antiaromatic Units: Recent Advances in Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Main‐Group and Transition‐Metal Clusters from Bonding and Magnetic Analyses. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill 84322-0300 Logan UT USA
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory 87545 Los Alamos NM USA
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill 84322-0300 Logan UT USA
| | - Nikita Fedik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill 84322-0300 Logan UT USA
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University 300350 Tianjin China
| | - Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autonoma de Chile El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 Santiago Chile
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill 84322-0300 Logan UT USA
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8
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Wang R, Zhang J, Jiang X, Ma N, Chen X, Xu C, Li J. Understanding the Electronic Structure and Stability of
B
n
X
n
0
/2–
(
n
= 4, 6; X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) Clusters
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo‐Ya Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jing‐Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xue‐Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nana Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Cong‐Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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9
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Chen D, Szczepanik DW, Zhu J, Muñoz-Castro A, Solà M. Aromaticity Survival in Hydrofullerenes: The Case of C 66 H 4 with Its π-Aromatic Circuits. Chemistry 2021; 27:802-808. [PMID: 33089913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The isolated-pentagon rule (IPR) is a determining structural feature that accounts for hollow fullerene stabilization and properties related to Cn (n≥60) cages. The recent characterization of an unprecedented non-IPR hydrofullerene, C2v C66 H4 , bearing two heptagons with adjacent fused-pentagon motifs, largely dismisses this feature. Herein, employing DFT calculations, the 13 C NMR spectroscopy and aromatic behavior of C2v C66 H4 are explored. The results show the presence of three π-aromatic circuits at the bottom boat section of C66 H4 , indicating the unique features of this hydrofullerene in comparison to those of pristine C60 . In addition, under specific orientations of the external field, certain π-aromatic circuits are enabled, resulting in a more aromatic fullerene than that of C60 , but lower than that of the spherical aromatic C60 6- fulleride. Notably, under a field aligned with the saturated carbon atoms, nonaromatic characteristics are exposed. This reveals that spherical-like cages can involve a complex magnetic response that heavily depends on the orientation of the applied field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P.R. China.,Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of, Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of, Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of, Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Geng L, Weng M, Xu CQ, Zhang H, Cui C, Wu H, Chen X, Hu M, Lin H, Sun ZD, Wang X, Hu HS, Li J, Zheng J, Luo Z, Pan F, Yao J. Co13O8—metalloxocubes: a new class of perovskite-like neutral clusters with cubic aromaticity. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa201. [PMID: 34691557 PMCID: PMC8528261 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring stable clusters to understand structural evolution from atoms to macroscopic matter and to construct new materials is interesting yet challenging in chemistry. Utilizing our newly developed deep-ultraviolet laser ionization mass spectrometry technique, here we observe the reactions of neutral cobalt clusters with oxygen and find a very stable cluster species of Co13O8 that dominates the mass distribution in the presence of a large flow rate of oxygen gas. The results of global-minimum structural search reveal a unique cubic structure and distinctive stability of the neutral Co13O8 cluster that forms a new class of metal oxides that we named as ‘metalloxocubes’. Thermodynamics and kinetics calculations illustrate the structural evolution from icosahedral Co13 to the metalloxocube Co13O8 with decreased energy, enhanced stability and aromaticity. This class of neutral oxygen-passivated metal clusters may be an ideal candidate for genetic materials because of the cubic nature of the building blocks and the stability due to cubic aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mouyi Weng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Sun
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Kashi University, Kashgar 844006, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Charistos ND, King RB, Muñoz-Castro A. On the formation of spherical aromatic endohedral buckminsterfullerene. Evaluation of M@C 60 (M = Cr, Mo, W) from relativistic DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14268-14275. [PMID: 32555845 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes are key species for expanding the range of viable fullerenes, their versatility, and applications. Here we report our computational evaluation on the formation of spherical aromatic counterparts of the C60 fullerene from relativistic DFT calculations, based on the inclusion of Cr, Mo and W endohedral atoms. The resulting M@C60 endohedral fullerenes are 66-π electron neutral species exhibiting bonding properties and electronic structure mimicking the aromaticity and diamagnetic insulator behavior of alkali-C606- phases. The resulting structures are interesting candidates for further experimental realization as novel neutral building blocks for more flexible nanostructured organic materials, highlighting truly spherical aromatic neutral species retaining the truncated icosahedral structure of the seminal Buckminster fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Shielding cone behavior in the spherical aromatic He@C 606-: origin of the record for the most shielded encapsulated 3He nucleus and comparison to He@C 706. J Mol Model 2019; 25:322. [PMID: 31654139 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The textbook concept of shielding cone is one of the characteristic properties for planar aromatic species, which explains the nuclear shielding of neighbor molecules located above and below the molecular plane. Here, we explore its resemblance in spherical aromatic fullerenes, where particularly for C606-, it explains the record for the highest shielding observed via 3He-NMR for the endohedral 3He@C606- species. Our results compare the behavior for He@C60 and He@C606- denoting relevant changes in their magnetic response behavior, where an induced shielding cone was observed for the latter with its long-range shielding character. In contrast to planar aromatics which give rise to a shielding cone property only for a perpendicularly oriented field, it was found that the shielding cone in spherical aromatic fullerenes occurs to any orientation. Thus, the orientation dependence behavior of the shielding cone is accounted, unraveling a characteristic shielding cone pattern in He@C606- which further rationalizes its record on the most shielded He nucleus, upon rotation or tumbling from the aromatic ring about the applied field. For the C70 case, the opposite situation has been characterized via 3He-NMR experiments, which is explained in terms of the deshielding/shielding region inside the C70 cage. Graphical abstract.
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13
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Brown PA, Martin CD, Shuford KL. Aromaticity of unsaturated BEC 4 heterocycles (E = N, P, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18458-18466. [PMID: 31250870 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A compendium of pnictogen and chalcogen substituted boron heterocycles were assessed for their aromatic character by first principles density functional theory. Group-15 and Group-16 elements were placed at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of six-membered rings relative to boron to assess their impact on the aromaticity of the unsaturated heterocycles. Aromaticity was analyzed by a multidimensional approach using nuclear independent chemical shifts, gauge-including magnetically induced current, as well as natural bond orbital and natural resonance theory analyses. Based on these methods, we observe a general decline of aromaticity in heavier pnictaborines while the chalcogen analogues maintain relatively strong aromatic character. These general trends result from complementary π-π* natural bond order interactions that sustain resonance within the ring of each heterocycle establishing a pattern of cyclic delocalization. Consequently, natural resonance theory displays strong resonance, which is corroborated with the signed modulus of ring current, toroidal vortices of current maps, and elevated average induced current throughout the ring. The 1,3-configurations for pnictaborines and chalcogenaborines are generally more aromatic compared to the 1,2- and 1,4-isomers, which contain π-holes that limit diatropism within the heterocycles. However, an energetic trend favors the 1,2-heterocycles in both groups, with a few exceptions driven in large-part by π-donation of the lone pair on the heteroatom to the pz orbital on the adjacent boron resulting in stabilization. The importance of planarity for high aromaticity is demonstrated, especially in the pnictaborine isomers where pyramidalization at the pnictogen is favored, while bond regularity seems a less important criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA.
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14
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Mairhofer L, Eibenberger S, Shayeghi A, Arndt M. A Quantum Ruler for Magnetic Deflectometry. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20070516. [PMID: 33265606 PMCID: PMC7513036 DOI: 10.3390/e20070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matter-wave near-field interference can imprint a nano-scale fringe pattern onto a molecular beam, which allows observing its shifts in the presence of even very small external forces. Here we demonstrate quantum interference of the pre-vitamin 7-dehydrocholesterol and discuss the conceptual challenges of magnetic deflectometry in a near-field interferometer as a tool to explore photochemical processes within molecules whose center of mass is quantum delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mairhofer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Sandra Eibenberger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Shayeghi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-4277-51210
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15
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Wittmann JJ, Can TV, Eckardt M, Harneit W, Griffin RG, Corzilius B. High-precision measurement of the electron spin g factor of trapped atomic nitrogen in the endohedral fullerene N@C 60. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 290:12-17. [PMID: 29524757 PMCID: PMC5895517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The electronic g factor carries highly useful information about the electronic structure of a paramagnetic species, such as spin-orbit coupling and dia- or paramagnetic (de-)shielding due to local fields of surrounding electron pairs. However, in many cases, a near "spin-only" case is observed, in particular for light elements, necessitating accurate and precise measurement of the g factors. Such measurement is typically impeded by a "chicken and egg situation": internal or external reference standards are used for relative comparison of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) Larmor frequencies. However, the g factor of the standard itself usually is subject to a significant uncertainty which directly limits the precision and/or accuracy of the sought after sample g factor. Here, we apply an EPR reference-free approach for determining the g factor of atomic nitrogen trapped within the endohedral fullerene C60:N@C60 in its polycrystalline state by measuring the 1H NMR resonance frequency of dispersing toluene at room temperature. We found a value of g=2.00204(4) with a finally reached relative precision of ∼20 ppm. This accurate measurement allows us to directly compare the electronic properties of N@C60 to those found in atomic nitrogen in the gas phase or trapped in other solid matrices at liquid helium temperature. We conclude that spin-orbit coupling in N@C60 at room temperature is very similar in magnitude and of same sign as found in other inert solid matrices and that interactions between the quartet spin system and the C60 molecular orbitals are thus negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wittmann
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T V Can
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Eckardt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - W Harneit
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - R G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - B Corzilius
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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16
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Miralrio A, Sansores LE, King B, Muñoz-Castro A. C50Cl10, a planar aromatic fullerene. Computational study of 13C-NMR chemical shift anisotropy patterns and aromatic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26325-26332. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterization of D5h-C50Cl10 as an IPR-violating fullerene provides an interesting case of an oblate structure displaying a planar-aromatic character provided by the face-to-face disposition of two IPR structural motifs, as unraveled by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Miralrio
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- DEPg. Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- UNAM
- Ciudad de México 04510
| | - Luis E. Sansores
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- UNAM
- Ciudad de México 04510
- Mexico
| | - Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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17
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Muñoz-Castro A, King RB. Formation of Spherical Aromatic Endohedral Metallic Fullerenes. Evaluation of Magnetic Properties of M@C 28 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) from DFT calculations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:15251-15258. [PMID: 29166009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The small C28 cage has been shown experimentally to encapsulate titanium, zirconium, and hafnium (M), among other elements. Here, we explore computationally its magnetic response properties accounting for both global and local shielding tensors. Our results exhibit a continuous shielding region for M@C28 for an orientation-averaged applied field thereby differing from that observed for the hollow C28 structure. Moreover, under a specific orientation of the applied field a long-ranged shielding cone is obtained supporting the spherical aromatic behavior expected by the 2(N + 1)2 Hirsch rule for M@C28, standing for its particular abundance. The comparison between the hollow and endohedral C28 fullerenes exhibits a characteristic long-range behavior at the outside region of the structure. The particular shape of the local chemical shift anisotropy tensor at a representative carbon atom exhibits inherent patterns as a consequence of the spherical aromatic behavior. This shows the capabilities from NMR experiments to account for the nonaromatic → aromatic variation. We envisage that the current approach will be beneficial in comparative studies of aromatic and electronic structure properties, to gain a deeper understanding of the geometrical and electronic structure situation in other endohedral species beyond that available from the information provided by routine NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Universidad Autonoma de Chile , Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.,Relativistic Molecular Physics Group, Universidad Andres Bello , Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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18
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Acke G, Van Damme S, Havenith RWA, Bultinck P. Interpreting the behavior of the NICSzz by resolving in orbitals, sign, and positions. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:511-519. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Acke
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Krijgslaan 281, S3; Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Damme
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Krijgslaan 281, S3; Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Krijgslaan 281, S3; Ghent 9000 Belgium
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen; Groningen AG 9747 The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Krijgslaan 281, S3; Ghent 9000 Belgium
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19
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Van Damme S, Acke G, Havenith RWA, Bultinck P. Can the current density map topology be extracted from the nucleus independent chemical shifts? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:11746-55. [PMID: 26762574 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds are characterised by the presence of a ring current when in a magnetic field. As a consequence, current density maps are used to assess (the degree of) aromaticity of a compound. However, often a more discrete set of so-called Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) values is used that is derived from the current density. It is shown here that there is no simple one-to-one relationship that allows reconstructing current density maps from only NICS-values. NICS values should therefore not be used as aromaticity indices without analysis of the ab initio computed current density map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Damme
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Acke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium and Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Muñoz-Castro A, Caimanque-Aguilar W, Morales-Verdejo C. Computational Study of 13C NMR Chemical Shift Anisotropy Patterns in C20H10 and [C20H10]4–. Insights into Their Variation upon Planarization and Formation of Concentric Aromatic Species in the Smaller Isolated-Pentagon Structural Motif. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2698-2703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química
Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano
Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Wilson Caimanque-Aguilar
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Morales-Verdejo
- Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Laboratorio
de Bionanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas y Biologicas, General Gana 1702, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Gan LH, Wu R, Tian JL, Clarke J, Gibson C, Fowler PW. From C(58) to C(62) and back: Stability, structural similarity, and ring current. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:144-151. [PMID: 27813179 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of observations show that non-classical isomers may play an important role in the formation of fullerenes and their exo- and endo-derivatives. A quantum-mechanical study of all classical isomers of C58 , C60 , and C62 , and all non-classical isomers with at most one square or heptagonal face, was carried out. Calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level show that the favored isomers of C58 , C60 , and C62 have closely related structures and suggest plausible inter-conversion and growth pathways among low-energy isomers. Similarity of the favored structures is reinforced by comparison of calculated ring currents induced on faces of these polyhedral cages by radial external magnetic fields, implying patterns of magnetic response similar to those of the stable, isolated-pentagon C60 molecule. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jian-Lei Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Joseph Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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22
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Muñoz-Castro A. The shielding cone in spherical aromatic structures: insights from models for spherical 2(N + 1)2 aromatic fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12633-12636. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The shielding cone in spherical aromatic fullerenes is of long-range character and permits multiple orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
- Relativistic Molecular Physics (ReMoPh) Group
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23
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Mauksch M, Tsogoeva SB. 4N electron aromatic cycles in polycyclic hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14066-14072. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiaromatic frameworks become aromatic in polycyclics through fusion, resulting in 4N electron hydrocarbons that possess aromatic properties by energetic, magnetic and geometric criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mauksch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Computer Chemistry Center
- 91052 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
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24
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Sundholm D, Fliegl H, Berger RJ. Calculations of magnetically induced current densities: theory and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Raphael J.F. Berger
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg; Chemistry of Materials; Salzburg Austria
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25
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Suresh CH, Lincy TL, Mohan N, Rakhi R. Aromatization Energy and Strain Energy of Buckminsterfullerene from Homodesmotic Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6683-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Thevarmadam Louis Lincy
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Neetha Mohan
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ramachandran Rakhi
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
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26
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Pelloni S, Monaco G, Della Porta P, Zanasi R, Lazzeretti P. Delocalized Currents without a Ring of Bonded Atoms: Strong Delocalized Electron Currents Induced by Magnetic Fields in Noncyclic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3367-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pelloni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Modena, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Porta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Modena, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 Salerno, Italy
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28
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Garcia-Borràs M, Osuna S, Luis JM, Swart M, Solà M. The role of aromaticity in determining the molecular structure and reactivity of (endohedral metallo)fullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:5089-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure and chemical reactivity of endohedral metallofullerenes can be greatly predicted and rationalized by their local and global aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
- 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
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29
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Paul S, Goswami T, Misra A, Chattaraj PK. Concurrent loss of aromaticity and onset of superexchange in Mg3Na2 with an increasing Na–Mg3 distance. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Fias S, Boisdenghien Z, Stuyver T, Audiffred M, Merino G, Geerlings P, de Proft F. Analysis of Aromaticity in Planar Metal Systems using the Linear Response Kernel. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3556-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Fias
- General Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zino Boisdenghien
- General Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- General Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martha Audiffred
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo.
Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yuc., México
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo.
Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yuc., México
| | - Paul Geerlings
- General Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank de Proft
- General Chemistry, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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31
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First principle structural determination of (B2O3)n (n = 1–6) clusters: From planar to cage. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4793707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Fias S, Geerlings P, Ayers P, De Proft F. σ, π aromaticity and anti-aromaticity as retrieved by the linear response kernel. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:2882-9. [PMID: 23337925 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical importance of the linear response kernel from conceptual Density Functional Theory (DFT) is investigated for some σ and π aromatic and anti-aromatic systems. The effect of the ring size is studied by looking at some well known aromatic and anti-aromatic molecules of different sizes, showing that the linear response is capable of correctly classifying and quantifying the aromaticity for five- to eight-membered aromatic and anti-aromatic molecules. The splitting of the linear response in σ and π contributions is introduced and its significance is illustrated using some σ-aromatic molecules. The linear response also correctly predicts the aromatic transition states of the Diels-Alder reaction and the acetylene trimerisation and shows the expected behavior along the reaction coordinate, proving that the method is accurate not only at the minimum of the potential energy surface, but also in non-equilibrium states. Finally, the reason for the close correlation between the linear response and the Para Delocalisation Index (PDI), found in previous and the present study, is proven mathematically. These results show the linear response to be a reliable DFT-index to probe the σ and π aromaticity or anti-aromaticity of a broad range of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Fias
- General Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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33
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Ren L, Cheng L, Feng Y, Wang X. Geometric and electronic structures of (BeO)N (N = 2–12, 16, 20, and 24): Rings, double rings, and cages. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:014309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4731808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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34
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Luo Z, Cheng X, Luo Y, Loo BH, Peng A, Yao J. Photoassisted Magnetization of Fullerene C60 with Magnetic-Field Trapped Raman Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1130-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209107u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science (Bnlms), and Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, S-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden and Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, S-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden and Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Boon Hian Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Aidong Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science (Bnlms), and Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Science (Bnlms), and Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Chen Z, Wu JI, Corminboeuf C, Bohmann J, Lu X, Hirsch A, Schleyer PVR. Is C60 buckminsterfullerene aromatic? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14886-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Monza E, Gatti C, Lo Presti L, Ortoleva E. Revealing Electron Delocalization through the Source Function. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12864-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Monza
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Gatti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) and Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Emanuele Ortoleva
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Sheka EF, Razbirin BS, Nelson DK. Continuous Symmetry of C60 Fullerene and Its Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3480-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109128v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. F. Sheka
- Peoples’ Friendship University of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - B. S. Razbirin
- A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, RAS, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. K. Nelson
- A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, RAS, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Paul S, Misra A. Interplay among Aromaticity, Magnetism, and Nonlinear Optical Response in All-Metal Aromatic Systems. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3234-46. [PMID: 21395249 DOI: 10.1021/ic101658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satadal Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, PIN 734 013, West Bengal, India
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40
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Weck PF, Sergeeva AP, Kim E, Boldyrev AI, Czerwinski KR. Chemical Bonding and Aromaticity in Trinuclear Transition-Metal Halide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:1039-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101779w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe F. Weck
- Department of Chemistry and Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada—Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Alina P. Sergeeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Eunja Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada—Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Czerwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada—Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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41
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Fias S, Van Damme S, Bultinck P. Multidimensionality of delocalization indices and nucleus-independent chemical shifts in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons II: proof of further nonlocality. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:2286-93. [PMID: 20575013 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a recent contribution, we examined the effect of 10- and 14-center circuits on the nucleus-independent chemical shifts NICSs using multicenter bond indices (MCBIs) (Fias et al., J Comput Chem 2008, 29, 358). In this study, the nonlocal contributions to the NICS are further investigated for a larger set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To achieve this, the NICSs are predicted using the MCBI and compared with ab initio results. The NICSs of the central ring of perylene- and benzo-[ghi]perylene-like fragments and of coronene appear to have other nonlocal contributions than the ones previously studied. It is shown that a model based on the MCBI-ring current maps and the inclusion of new circuits proves the existence and shows the nature of these new nonlocal effects on the NICS. This new model leads to a better understanding of the differences between the NICSs and delocalization indices. The results show that the NICS value is not only significantly influenced by the higher order circuits encircling the ring at which it is evaluated but also by the local aromaticity of the surrounding rings, and occasionally, like in the case of coronene, the NICSs are even influenced by currents farther away in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Fias
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Botti S, Castro A, Lathiotakis NN, Andrade X, Marques MAL. Optical and magnetic properties of boron fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4523-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b902278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Murata M, Ochi Y, Kitagawa T, Komatsu K, Murata Y. NMR Studies on Monofunctionalized Fullerenyl Cation and Anion Encapsulating a H2Molecule. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1336-42. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Fias S, Van Damme S, Bultinck P. Multidimensionality of delocalization indices and nucleus independent chemical shifts in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:358-66. [PMID: 17631652 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity and local-aromaticity of a large set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is studied using multicenter delocalization indices from generalized population analysis and the popular nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) index. A method for the fast computation of the NICS values is introduced, using the so-called pseudo-pi-method. A detailed examination is made of the multidimensional nature of aromaticity. The lack of a good correlation between the NICS and the multicenter delocalization indices is reported and the grounds discussed. It is shown through a thorough statistical analysis that the NICS values arise not only from local aromaticity of the benzenoid rings, but also from other circuits. It is shown that the NICS indices do not reveal the individual aromatic nature of a specific ring, contrary to the delocalization indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Fias
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Gent, Belgium
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46
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Fias S, Fowler P, Delgado J, Hahn U, Bultinck P. Correlation of Delocalization Indices and Current-Density Maps in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2008; 14:3093-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Murata M, Ochi Y, Tanabe F, Komatsu K, Murata Y. Internal Magnetic Fields of Dianions of Fullerene C60 and Its Cage-Opened Derivatives Studied with Encapsulated H2 as an NMR Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Murata M, Ochi Y, Tanabe F, Komatsu K, Murata Y. Internal Magnetic Fields of Dianions of Fullerene C60 and Its Cage-Opened Derivatives Studied with Encapsulated H2 as an NMR Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2039-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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50
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Rodríguez-Manzo JA, López-Urías F, Terrones M, Terrones H. Anomalous paramagnetism in doped carbon nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:120-5. [PMID: 17294482 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Rodríguez-Manzo
- Advanced Materials Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí 78216, México
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