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Wang J, Lei Y, Chen Y, Wu Y, Ge X, Shen F, Zhang J, Ye J, Nie D, Zhao X, Chen M. Comparison of air pollutants and their health effects in two developed regions in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112296. [PMID: 33711659 PMCID: PMC7927583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution attributed to substantial anthropogenic emissions and significant secondary formation processes have been reported frequently in China, especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD). In order to investigate the aerosol evolution processes before, in, and after the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown period of 2020, ambient monitoring data of six air pollutants were analyzed from Jan 1 to Apr 11 in both 2020 and 2019. Our results showed that the six ambient pollutants concentrations were much lower during the COVID-19 lockdown due to a great reduction of anthropogenic emissions. BTH suffered from air pollution more seriously in comparison of YRD, suggesting the differences in the industrial structures of these two regions. The significant difference between the normalized ratios of CO and NO2 during COVID-19 lockdown, along with the increasing PM2.5, indicated the oxidation of NO2 to form nitrate and the dominant contribution of secondary processes on PM2.5. In addition, the most health risk factor was PM2.5 and health-risked based air quality index (HAQI) values during the COVID-19 pandemic in YRD in 2020 were all lower than those in 2019. Our findings suggest that the reduction of anthropogenic emissions is essential to mitigate PM2.5 pollution, while O3 control may be more complicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Yangzhou 225007, China.
| | - Yangzhou Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Fuzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiuyong Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Physical Modeling and Pollution Control, State Power Environmental Protection Research Institute, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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2
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Precise fabrication of porous one-dimensional gC3N4 nanotubes doped with Pd and Cu atoms for efficient CO oxidation and CO2 reduction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Mohajeri A, Hassani N. The interplay between structural perfectness and CO oxidation catalysis on aluminum, phosphorous and silicon complexes of corroles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7661-7674. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on perfect and defective structures of corrole complexes with aluminum, phosphorous and silicon have been investigated by performing density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Mohajeri
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 7194684795
- Iran
| | - Nasim Hassani
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 7194684795
- Iran
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Abstract
Microbial adaptation to extreme conditions takes many forms, including specialized metabolism which may be crucial to survival in adverse conditions. Here, we analyze the diversity and environmental importance of systems allowing microbial carbon monoxide (CO) metabolism. CO is a toxic gas that can poison most organisms because of its tight binding to metalloproteins. Microbial CO uptake was first noted by Kluyver and Schnellen in 1947, and since then many microbes using CO via oxidation have emerged. Many strains use molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor for aerobic oxidation of CO using Mo-containing CO oxidoreductase enzymes named CO dehydrogenase. Anaerobic carboxydotrophs oxidize CO using CooS enzymes that contain Ni/Fe catalytic centers and are unrelated to CO dehydrogenase. Though rare on Earth in free form, CO is an important intermediate compound in anaerobic carbon cycling, as it can be coupled to acetogenesis, methanogenesis, hydrogenogenesis, and metal reduction. Many microbial species—both bacteria and archaea—have been shown to use CO to conserve energy or fix cell carbon or both. Microbial CO formation is also very common. Carboxydotrophs thus glean energy and fix carbon from a “metabolic leftover” that is not consumed by, and is toxic to, most microorganisms. Surprisingly, many species are able to thrive under culture headspaces sometimes exceeding 1 atmosphere of CO. It appears that carboxydotrophs are adapted to provide a metabolic “currency exchange” system in microbial communities in which CO arising either abiotically or biogenically is converted to CO
2 and H
2 that feed major metabolic pathways for energy conservation or carbon fixation. Solventogenic CO metabolism has been exploited to construct very large gas fermentation plants converting CO-rich industrial flue emissions into biofuels and chemical feedstocks, creating renewable energy while mitigating global warming. The use of thermostable CO dehydrogenase enzymes to construct sensitive CO gas sensors is also in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Inst of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Stephen M Techtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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Esquivel-Elizondo S, Maldonado J, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Anaerobic carbon monoxide metabolism by Pleomorphomonas carboxyditropha sp. nov., a new mesophilic hydrogenogenic carboxydotroph. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:4980905. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287- 5701, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Juan Maldonado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287- 5701, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287–6101, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287- 5701, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287–6101, USA
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Chan KL. Biomass burning sources and their contributions to the local air quality in Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:212-221. [PMID: 28433763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a quantitative estimation of the impacts of biomass burning emissions from different source regions to the local air quality in Hong Kong in 2014 using global chemistry transport model simulations, sun photometer measurements, satellite observations and local monitoring network data. This study focuses on two major biomass burning pollutants, black carbon aerosols and carbon monoxide (CO). The model simulations of atmospheric black carbon and CO show excellent agreement with sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, satellite CO columns observations and local monitoring stations data. From the model simulation results, we estimated that biomass burning contributes 12% of total black carbon and 16% of atmospheric CO in Hong Kong on annual average. South East Asia shows the largest influence to the black carbon and CO levels in Hong Kong, accounts for 11% of the total atmospheric black carbon and 8% of CO. Biomass burning in North East Asia and Africa also show significant impacts to Hong Kong. Elevated levels of atmospheric black carbon aerosols and CO were observed during springtime (March and April) which is mainly due to the enhancement of biomass burning contributions. Black carbon and CO originating from biomass burning sources are estimated to contribute 40% of atmospheric black carbon and 28% of CO in Hong Kong during March 2014. An investigation focusing on the biomass burning pollution episode during springtime suggests the intensified biomass burning activities in the Indochinese Peninsula are the major sources of black carbon and CO in Hong Kong during the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chan
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Xu H, Ni K, Li X, Fang G, Fan G. Structural transformation of Pd-α-Fe2O3 and Pd-γ-Fe2O3 catalysts and application in the CO oxidation reaction. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd-α-Fe2O3 and Pd-γ-Fe2O3 catalysts can be obtained by redox pretreatment and exhibit different reactive performances during CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan
- P. R. China
| | - Guangzong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Guohong Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan
- P. R. China
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8
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Lombardi A, Pirani F, Laganà A, Bartolomei M. Energy transfer dynamics and kinetics of elementary processes (promoted) by gas-phase CO2 -N2 collisions: Selectivity control by the anisotropy of the interaction. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1463-75. [PMID: 27031183 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we exploit a new formulation of the potential energy and of the related computational procedures, which embodies the coupling between the intra and intermolecular components, to characterize possible propensities of the collision dynamics in energy transfer processes of interest for simulation and control of phenomena occurring in a variety of equilibrium and nonequilibrium environments. The investigation reported in the paper focuses on the prototype CO2 -N2 system, whose intramolecular component of the interaction is modeled in terms of a many body expansion while the intermolecular component is modeled in terms of a recently developed bonds-as-interacting-molecular-centers' approach. The main advantage of this formulation of the potential energy surface is that of being (a) truly full dimensional (i.e., all the variations of the coordinates associated with the molecular vibrations and rotations on the geometrical and electronic structure of the monomers, are explicitly taken into account without freezing any bonds or angles), (b) more flexible than other usual formulations of the interaction and (c) well suited for fitting procedures better adhering to accurate ab initio data and sensitive to experimental arrangement dependent information. Specific attention has been given to the fact that a variation of vibrational and rotational energy has a higher (both qualitative and quantitative) impact on the energy transfer when a more accurate formulation of the intermolecular interaction (with respect to that obtained when using rigid monomers) is adopted. This makes the potential energy surface better suited for the kinetic modeling of gaseous mixtures in plasma, combustion and atmospheric chemistry computational applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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9
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Lombardi A, Faginas-Lago N, Pacifici L, Grossi G. Energy transfer upon collision of selectively excited CO2 molecules: State-to-state cross sections and probabilities for modeling of atmospheres and gaseous flows. J Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26203027 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide molecules can store and release tens of kcal/mol upon collisions, and such an energy transfer strongly influences the energy disposal and the chemical processes in gases under the extreme conditions typical of plasmas and hypersonic flows. Moreover, the energy transfer involving CO2 characterizes the global dynamics of the Earth-atmosphere system and the energy balance of other planetary atmospheres. Contemporary developments in kinetic modeling of gaseous mixtures are connected to progress in the description of the energy transfer, and, in particular, the attempts to include non-equilibrium effects require to consider state-specific energy exchanges. A systematic study of the state-to-state vibrational energy transfer in CO2 + CO2 collisions is the focus of the present work, aided by a theoretical and computational tool based on quasiclassical trajectory simulations and an accurate full-dimension model of the intermolecular interactions. In this model, the accuracy of the description of the intermolecular forces (that determine the probability of energy transfer in molecular collisions) is enhanced by explicit account of the specific effects of the distortion of the CO2 structure due to vibrations. Results show that these effects are important for the energy transfer probabilities. Moreover, the role of rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom is found to be dominant in the energy exchange, while the average contribution of translations, under the temperature and energy conditions considered, is negligible. Remarkable is the fact that the intramolecular energy transfer only involves stretching and bending, unless one of the colliding molecules has an initial symmetric stretching quantum number greater than a threshold value estimated to be equal to 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N Faginas-Lago
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Pacifici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Grossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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10
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Nanosized CeO2–Gd2O3 Mixed Oxides: Study of Structural Characterization and Catalytic CO Oxidation Activity. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Satellite-Detected Carbon Monoxide Pollution during 2000–2012: Examining Global Trends and also Regional Anthropogenic Periods over China, the EU and the USA. CLIMATE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/cli2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Lombardi A, Faginas-Lago N, Pacifici L, Costantini A. Modeling of Energy Transfer From Vibrationally Excited CO2 Molecules: Cross Sections and Probabilities for Kinetic Modeling of Atmospheres, Flows, and Plasmas. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11430-40. [PMID: 24117231 DOI: 10.1021/jp408522m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Noelia Faginas-Lago
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pacifici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Costantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Reichle HG, Connors VS, Holland JA, Sherrill RT, Wallio HA, Casas JC, Condon EP, Gormsen BB, Seiler W. The distribution of middle tropospheric carbon monoxide during early October 1984. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id07p09845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Xu H, Fu Q, Guo X, Bao X. Architecture of PtCo Bimetallic Catalysts for Catalytic CO Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Yashiro H, Sugawara S, Sudo K, Aoki S, Nakazawa T. Temporal and spatial variations of carbon monoxide over the western part of the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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McMillan WW, Warner JX, Comer MM, Maddy E, Chu A, Sparling L, Eloranta E, Hoff R, Sachse G, Barnet C, Razenkov I, Wolf W. AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires: Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during INTEX-A/ICARTT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that carbon monoxide (CO) participates in a broader range of processes than any other single molecule, ranging from subcellular to planetary scales. Despite its toxicity to many organisms, a diverse group of bacteria that span multiple phylogenetic lineages metabolize CO. These bacteria are globally distributed and include pathogens, plant symbionts and biogeochemically important lineages in soils and the oceans. New molecular and isolation techniques, as well as genome sequencing, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity of CO oxidizers. Here, we present a newly emerging picture of the distribution, diversity and ecology of aerobic CO-oxidizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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18
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Gautrois M, Brauers T, Koppmann R, Rohrer F, Stein O, Rudolph J. Seasonal variability and trends of volatile organic compounds in the lower polar troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gautrois
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - T. Brauers
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - R. Koppmann
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - F. Rohrer
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - O. Stein
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - J. Rudolph
- Chemistry Department and Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
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McMillan WW, McCourt ML, Revercomb HE, Knuteson RO, Christian TJ, Doddridge BG, Hobbs PV, Lukovich JV, Novelli PC, Piketh SJ, Sparling L, Stein D, Swap RJ, Yokelson RJ. Tropospheric carbon monoxide measurements from the Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder on 7 September 2000 in southern Africa during SAFARI 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. W. McMillan
- Physics Department; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - M. L. McCourt
- Physics Department; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - H. E. Revercomb
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - R. O. Knuteson
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - T. J. Christian
- Department of Chemistry; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
| | - B. G. Doddridge
- Department of Meteorology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - P. V. Hobbs
- Cloud and Aerosol Research Group, Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. V. Lukovich
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - P. C. Novelli
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Piketh
- Climatology Research Group; University of Witswatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - L. Sparling
- Physics Department; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. Stein
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - R. J. Swap
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - R. J. Yokelson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
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20
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DiNunno B. Central/eastern North Pacific photochemical precursor distributions for fall/spring seasons as defined by airborne field studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Aneja VP, Agarwal A, Roelle PA, Phillips SB, Tong Q, Watkins N, Yablonsky R. Measurements and analysis of criteria pollutants in New Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2001; 27:35-42. [PMID: 11488388 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and total suspended particulates (TSP) were measured from January 1997 to November 1998 in the center of downtown [the Income Tax Office (ITO) located on B.S.G. Marg] New Delhi, India. The data consist of 24-h averages of SO2, NOx, and TSP as well as 8 and 24-h averages of CO. The measurements were made in an effort to characterize air pollution in the urban environment of New Delhi and assist in the development of an air quality index. The yearly average CO, NOx, SO2, and TSP concentrations for 1997 and 1998 were found to be 4810+/-2287 and 5772+/-2116 microg/m3, 83+/-35 and 64+/-22 microg/m3, 20+/-8 and 23+/-7 microg/m3, and 409+/-110 and 365+/-100 microg/m3, respectively. In general, the maximum CO, SO2, NOx, and TSP values occurred during the winter with minimum values occurring during the summer, which can be attributed to a combination of meteorological conditions and photochemical activity in the region. The ratio of CO/NOx (approximately 50) indicates that mobile sources are the predominant contributors for these two compounds in the urban air pollution problem in New Delhi. The ratio of SO2/NOx (approximately 0.6) indicates that point sources are contributing to SO2 pollution in the city. The averaged background CO concentrations in New Delhi were also calculated (approximately 1939 microg/m3) which exceed those for Eastern USA (approximately 500 microg/m3). Further, all measured concentrations exceeded the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) except for SO2. TSP was identified as exceeding the standard on the most frequent basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Aneja
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University Raleigh, 27695-8208, USA.
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23
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Pougatchev NS, Sachse GW, Fuelberg HE, Rinsland CP, Chatfield RB, Connors VS, Jones NB, Notholt J, Novelli PC, Reichle HG. Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics carbon monoxide measurements in historical context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Connors VS, Gormsen BB, Nolf S, Reichle HG. Spaceborne observations of the global distribution of carbon monoxide in the middle troposphere during April and October 1994. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rinsland CP, Goldman A, Murcray FJ, Stephen TM, Pougatchev NS, Fishman J, David SJ, Blatherwick RD, Novelli PC, Jones NB, Connor BJ. Infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of free tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal variations and evidence for enhanced emissions from the Southeast Asian tropical fires of 1997-1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yurganov L, Grechko E, Dzhola A. Zvenigorod carbon monoxide total column time series: 27 yr of measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Novelli PC, Masarie KA, Lang PM. Distributions and recent changes of carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mak JE, Brenninkmeijer CAM. Measurement of13CO and C18O in the free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yurganov LN, Jaffe DA, Pullman E, Novelli PC. Total column and surface densities of atmospheric carbon monoxide in Alaska, 1995. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaffe D, Yurganov L, Pullman E, Reuter J, Mahura A, Novelli P. Measurements of CO and O3at Shemya, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaffe D, Mahura A, Kelley J, Atkins J, Novelli PC, Merrill J. Impact of Asian emissions on the remote North Pacific atmosphere: Interpretation of CO data from Shemya, Guam, Midway and Mauna Loa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McMillan WW, Strow LL, Smith WL, Revercomb HE, Huang HL, Thompson AM, McNamara DP, Ryan WF. Remote sensing of carbon monoxide over the continental United States on September 12-13, 1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Allen DJ, Kasibhatla P, Thompson AM, Rood RB, Doddridge BG, Pickering KE, Hudson RD, Lin SJ. Transport-induced interannual variability of carbon monoxide determined using a chemistry and transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tarr MA, Miller WL, Zepp RG. Direct carbon monoxide photoproduction from plant matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Conrad R. Soil Microbial Processes Involved in Production and Consumption of Atmospheric Trace Gases. ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7724-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Abstract
Measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in air samples collected from 27 locations between 71 degrees N and 41 degrees S show that atmospheric levels of this gas have decreased worldwide over the past 2 to 5 years. During this period, CO decreased at nearly a constant rate in the high northern latitudes. In contrast, in the tropics an abrupt decrease occurred beginning at the end of 1991. In the Northern Hemisphere, CO decreased at a spatially and temporally averaged rate of 7.3 (+/-0.9) parts per billion per year (6.1 percent per year) from June 1990 to June 1993, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere, CO decreased 4.2 (+/-0.5) parts per billion per year (7.0 percent per year). This recent change is opposite a long-term trend of a 1 to 2 percent per year increase inferred from measurements made in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 30 years.
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Foulger B, Simmonds P. Ambient temperature gas purifier suitable for the trace analysis of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and the preparation of low-level carbon monoxide calibration standards in the field. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80462-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lewis S, Mason C, Srna J. Carbon monoxide exposure in blast furnace workers. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1992; 16:262-8. [PMID: 1482718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the occupational exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) of a group of blast furnace workers from an integrated steelworks, compared to a control group having no significant occupational CO exposure from other areas in the same works. The study was undertaken in 1984 at Port Kembla, New South Wales. Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels before and after an eight-hour work shift were measured in 98 male steelworkers: 52 from two CO-exposed iron blast furnaces and 46 controls from production areas in the same steelworks. The sample was stratified by smoking habits. Environmental air CO levels had been found to be consistently higher on one furnace than on the other. Absorption of CO from the working environment occurred in workers on the blast furnace with higher CO levels, regardless of smoking habits. On this blast furnace, some readings of COHb levels after a workshift in nonsmokers approached the proposed Australian occupational limit of 5 per cent COHb saturation. Overall, workers with the highest occupational exposure who smoked most heavily had the highest absorption of CO over a work shift. Biological monitoring gives an accurate measure of individual worker 'dose' of CO from all sources. Both environmental monitoring and biological monitoring need to be included as part of a program for controlling occupational CO exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lewis
- Lidcombe Workers' Health Centre, Sydney
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Novelli PC, Steele LP, Tans PP. Mixing ratios of carbon monoxide in the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hübler G, Montzka DD, Norton RB, Murphy PC, Fehsenfeld FC, Liu SC, Ridley BA, Walega JG, Atlas E, Grahek FE, Heidt LE, Merrill J, Huebert BJ, Bodhaine BA. Total reactive oxidized nitrogen (NOy) in the remote Pacific troposphere and its correlation with O3and CO: Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 1988. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Novelli PC, Elkins JW, Steele LP. The development and evaluation of a gravimetric reference scale for measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hough AM. Development of a two-dimensional global tropospheric model: Model chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jd01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parrish DD, Trainer M, Buhr MP, Watkins BA, Fehsenfeld FC. Carbon monoxide concentrations and their relation to concentrations of total reactive oxidized nitrogen at two rural U.S. sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fried A, Henry B, Parrish DD, Carpenter JR, Buhr MP. Intercomparison of tunable diode laser and gas filter correlation measurements of ambient carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90103-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wallace L, Livingston W. Spectroscopic observations of atmospheric trace gases over Kitt Peak: 2. Nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide from 1979 to 1985. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brunke EG, Scheel H, Seiler W. Trends of tropospheric CO, N2O and CH4 as observed at cape point, South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90013-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zander R, Demoulin P, Ehhalt DH, Schmidt U, Rinsland CP. Secular increase of the total vertical column abundance of carbon monoxide above central Europe since 1950. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id08p11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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