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Gushchina LV, Gabdulkhakov AG, Nikonov SV, Filimonov VV. High-resolution crystal structure of spectrin SH3 domain fused with a proline-rich peptide. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 29:485-95. [PMID: 22066535 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new chimeric protein, named WT-CIIA, was designed by connecting the proline-rich decapeptide PPPVPPYSAG to the C-terminus of the alpha-spectrin SH3 domain through a natural twelve-residue linker to obtain a single-chain model that would imitate intramolecular SH3-ligand interaction. The crystal structure of this fusion protein was determined at 1.7 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit of the crystal contained two SH3 globules contacting with one PPPVPPY fragment located between them. The domains are related by the two-fold non-crystallographic axis and the ligand lies in two opposite orientations with respect to the conservative binding sites of SH3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Gushchina
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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2
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Kay BK. SH3 domains come of age. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2606-8. [PMID: 22683951 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
With the sequencing of an eukaryotic genome, it is possible to inventory the predicted proteome for proteins that carry one or more Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains. Due to the current ease of cloning and gene synthesis, these short domains can be readily overexpressed and manipulated for the purpose of characterizing their specificity and affinity for peptide ligands, as well as solving the three-dimensional structures of the domains. This information can be used to predict and confirm their cellular interacting partners, in the effort to understand the function of a eukaryotic protein by focusing on its SH3 domain. Finally, capitalizing on our mature understanding about protein-protein interacting modules, like the SH3 domain, it is possible to use directed evolution to enhance or change the specificity and affinity of an SH3 domain for the purpose of creating reagents to be used in biochemical purification or cell perturbation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., 3240 SES - MC 066, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA.
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3
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Ball LJ, Kühne R, Schneider-Mergener J, Oschkinat H. Recognition of Proline-Rich Motifs by Protein-Protein-Interaction Domains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2852-69. [PMID: 15880548 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are essential in every aspect of cellular activity. Multiprotein complexes form and dissociate constantly in a specifically tuned manner, often by conserved mechanisms. Protein domains that bind proline-rich motifs (PRMs) are frequently involved in signaling events. The unique properties of proline provide a mechanism for highly discriminatory recognition without requiring high affinities. We present herein a detailed, quantitative assessment of the structural features that define the interfaces between PRM-binding domains and their target PRMs, and investigate the specificity of PRM recognition. Together with the analysis of peptide-library screens, this approach has allowed the identification of several highly conserved key interactions found in all complexes of PRM-binding domains. The inhibition of protein-protein interactions by using small-molecule agents is very challenging. Therefore, it is important to first pinpoint the critical interactions that must be considered in the design of inhibitors of PRM-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Ball
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Ball LJ, Kühne R, Schneider-Mergener J, Oschkinat H. Erkennung Prolin-reicher Motive (PRMs) durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungsdomänen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Filimonov VV, Azuaga AI, Viguera AR, Serrano L, Mateo PL. A thermodynamic analysis of a family of small globular proteins: SH3 domains. Biophys Chem 1999; 77:195-208. [PMID: 10326252 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The stability and folding thermodynamics of two SH3-domains, belonging to Fyn and Abl proteins, have been studied by scanning calorimetry and urea-induced unfolding. They undergo an essentially two-state unfolding with parameters similar to those of the previously studied alpha-spectrin SH3 domain. The correlations between the thermodynamic parameters (heat capacity increment, delta Cp,U, the proportionality factor, m, and the Gibbs energy, delta Gw298) of unfolding and some integral structural parameters, such as polar and non-polar areas exposed upon domain denaturation, have been analyzed. The experimental data on delta Cp,U and the m-factor of the linear extrapolation model (LEM) obey the simple empirical correlations deduced elsewhere. The Gibbs energies calculated from the DSC data were compared with those found by fitting urea-unfolding curves to the LEM and the denaturant-binding model (DBM). The delta Gw298 values found with DBM correlate better with the DSC data, while those obtained with LEM are systematically smaller. The systematic difference between the parameters calculated with LEM and DBM are explained by an inherent imperfection of the LEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Filimonov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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6
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Meriläinen J, Lehto VP, Wasenius VM. FAP52, a novel, SH3 domain-containing focal adhesion protein. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:23278-84. [PMID: 9287337 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.37.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain is a 60-70-amino acid motif present in a large variety of signal transduction and cytoskeletal proteins. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with degenerate and specific primers and chicken brain mRNA to clone a cDNA that codes for a novel SH3 domain-containing protein. The sequence predicts a 448-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 51, 971 daltons. In the amino terminus, it shows a very high propensity for alpha-helicity, suggesting coiled-coil and possibly a higher order oligomeric arrangement. In the carboxyl terminus, there is a unique SH3 sequence. In Northern blotting, a major 3.7-kilobase and a minor 7.2-kilobase transcript was detected in most chicken tissues. In immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy on cultured chicken fibroblasts, the protein was localized to focal adhesions in which it showed a distinct codistribution with the focal adhesion proteins vinculin, talin, and paxillin. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that in cultured chicken heart fibroblasts, the protein contains phosphoserine, but no phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine, and that the phosphorylation is not dependent on fibronectin. We propose this protein the name FAP52, for Focal Adhesion Protein of 52 kDa, and suggest that it forms part of the multimolecular complex constituting focal adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meriläinen
- Biocenter Oulu and the Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
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7
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Sudol M. Structure and function of the WW domain. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 65:113-32. [PMID: 9029943 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(96)00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sudol
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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8
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Lange U, Steiner S, Grolig F, Wagner G, Philippsen P. Cloning and sequencing of a gene coding for an actin binding protein of Saccharomyces exiguus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1217:214-8. [PMID: 8110838 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The actin binding protein Abp1p of the yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae is thought to be involved in the spatial organisation of cell surface growth. It contains a potential actin binding domain and an SH-3 region, a common motif of many signal transduction proteins [1]. We have cloned and sequenced an ABP1 homologous gene of Saccharomyces exiguus, a yeast which is only distantly related to S. cerevisiae. The protein encoded by this gene is slightly larger than the respective S. cerevisiae protein (617 versus 592 amino acids). The two genes are 67.4% identical and the deduced amino acid sequences share an overall identity of 59.8%. The most conserved regions are the 148 N-terminal amino acids containing the potential actin binding site and the 58 C-terminal amino acids including the SH3 domain. In addition, both proteins contain a repeated motif of unknown function which is rich in glutamic acids with the sequence EEEEEEEAPAPSLPSR in the S. exiguus Abp1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lange
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Giessen, Germany
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9
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Musacchio A, Wilmanns M, Saraste M. Structure and function of the SH3 domain. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 61:283-97. [PMID: 8073124 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(94)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Musacchio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a chicken cDNA encoding a protein homologous to the human GRB2 (growth factor receptor-binding protein) was determined. Remarkably high identities were found on the nt (88%) and deduced amino acid sequence (96%) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Wasenius
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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11
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Skorski T, Kanakaraj P, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Ratajczak M, Szczylik C, Zon G, Arlinghaus RB, Gewirtz A, Perussia B, Calabretta B. p120 GAP requirement in normal and malignant human hematopoiesis. J Exp Med 1993; 178:1923-33. [PMID: 8245773 PMCID: PMC2191281 DOI: 10.1084/jem.178.6.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to suggest that the p120 GAP (GAP), originally described as an inhibitor of p21ras, may also serve as a downstream effector of ras-regulated signal transduction. To determine whether GAP expression is required for the growth of human normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells, we used GAP antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to inhibit it and analyzed the effects of this inhibition on the colony-forming ability of nonadherent, T lymphocyte-depleted mononuclear cells and of highly purified progenitors (CD34+ MNC) obtained from the bone marrow and peripheral blood of healthy volunteers or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, bcr-abl-positive) patients. The acute myelogenous leukemia cell line MO7, the Philadelphia BV173 cell line, and the acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 and HL-60 cell lines were similarly examined. GAP antisense treatment inhibited colony formation from normal myelo-, erythro-, and megakaryopoietic progenitor cells as well as from CML progenitor cells. Proliferation of MO7 (growth factor-dependent) and BV173 (bcr-abl-dependent) cells, but not that of NB4 and HL-60 (growth factor-independent) cells, was also inhibited, even though a specific downregulation of GAP was observed in each cell line, as analyzed by either or both mRNA and protein expression. Stimulation of MO7 cells with hematopoietic growth factors increased the expression of GAP as well as the levels of active GTP-bound p21ras. Stimulation of GAP expression was inhibited upon GAP antisense treatment. These data indicate that p120 GAP is involved in human normal and leukemic hemopoiesis and strongly suggest that GAP is not only a p21ras inhibitor (signal terminator), but also a positive signal transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Skorski
- Jefferson Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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12
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Alteration of a yeast SH3 protein leads to conditional viability with defects in cytoskeletal and budding patterns. Mol Cell Biol 1993. [PMID: 8336735 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.13.8.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes necessary for survival in stationary phase were isolated to understand the ability of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remain viable during prolonged periods of nutritional deprivation. Here we report results concerning one of these mutants, rvs167, which shows reduced viability and abnormal cell morphology upon carbon and nitrogen starvation. The mutant exhibits the same response when cells are grown in high salt concentrations and other unfavorable growth conditions. The RVS167 gene product displays significant homology with the Rvs161 protein and contains a SH3 domain at the C-terminal end. Abnormal actin distribution is associated with the mutant phenotype. In addition, while the budding pattern of haploid strains remains axial in standard growth conditions, the budding pattern of diploid mutant strains is random. The gene RVS167 therefore could be implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization in response to environmental stresses and could act in the budding site selection mechanism.
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13
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Bauer F, Urdaci M, Aigle M, Crouzet M. Alteration of a yeast SH3 protein leads to conditional viability with defects in cytoskeletal and budding patterns. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13:5070-84. [PMID: 8336735 PMCID: PMC360159 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.13.8.5070-5084.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes necessary for survival in stationary phase were isolated to understand the ability of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remain viable during prolonged periods of nutritional deprivation. Here we report results concerning one of these mutants, rvs167, which shows reduced viability and abnormal cell morphology upon carbon and nitrogen starvation. The mutant exhibits the same response when cells are grown in high salt concentrations and other unfavorable growth conditions. The RVS167 gene product displays significant homology with the Rvs161 protein and contains a SH3 domain at the C-terminal end. Abnormal actin distribution is associated with the mutant phenotype. In addition, while the budding pattern of haploid strains remains axial in standard growth conditions, the budding pattern of diploid mutant strains is random. The gene RVS167 therefore could be implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization in response to environmental stresses and could act in the budding site selection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bauer
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Université de Bordeaux II, Talence, France
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14
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Meriläinen J, Palovuori R, Sormunen R, Wasenius VM, Lehto VP. Binding of the alpha-fodrin SH3 domain to the leading lamellae of locomoting chicken fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 1993; 105 ( Pt 3):647-54. [PMID: 8408292 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105.3.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fodrin (nonerythroid spectrin) is a membrane skeletal protein that plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the cell shape and polarity. We have identified in alpha-fodrin an src homology 3 (SH3)-related region, a small domain that is present in a large number of proteins that are involved in signal transduction, cell polarization and membrane-cytoskeleton interactions. In this study we have explored the function of the alpha-fodrin SH3 by incubating fixed and permeabilized cultured chicken fibroblasts with the alpha-fodrin SH3 peptide, expressed in bacteria as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that alpha-fodrin SH3 binds to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in the leading lamellae and the pseudopodial lobes of the spreading and locomoting cells. No, or only minimal, binding was seen in immotile cells, or in the stationary trailing ends of the locomoting cells. SH3 binding was also seen in cytochalasin-D-treated cells, suggesting that actin filaments are not responsible for the binding. These findings suggest that alpha-fodrin SH3 interacts with plasma membrane components that are present in the leading lamellae exclusively or are modulated in a manner specific to the leading lamellae.
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15
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Cho KO, Hunt CA, Kennedy MB. The rat brain postsynaptic density fraction contains a homolog of the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein. Neuron 1992; 9:929-42. [PMID: 1419001 DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 927] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In CNS synapses, the synaptic junctional complex with associated postsynaptic density is presumed to contain proteins responsible for adhesion between pre- and postsynaptic membranes and for postsynaptic signal transduction. We have found that a prominent, brain-specific protein (PSD-95) enriched in the postsynaptic density fraction from rat brain is highly similar to the Drosophila lethal(1)discs-large-1 (dlg) tumor suppressor protein. The dlg protein is associated with septate junctions in developing flies and contains a guanylate kinase domain that is required for normal control of cell division. The sequence similarity between dlg and PSD-95 suggests that molecular mechanisms critical for growth control in developing organisms may also regulate synapse formation, stabilization, or function in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Cho
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125
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16
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Abstract
Src-homology 3 is a small protein domain of about 60 amino acid residues. It is probably made of beta-sheets. SH3 is present in a large number of eukaryotic proteins which are involved in signal transduction, cell polarization and membrane-cytoskeleton interactions. Here we review its occurrence and discuss possible functions of this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Musacchio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Ruff P, Speicher DW, Husain-Chishti A. Molecular identification of a major palmitoylated erythrocyte membrane protein containing the src homology 3 motif. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:6595-9. [PMID: 1713685 PMCID: PMC52133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.15.6595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of a 55-kDa erythrocyte membrane protein was deduced from cDNA clones isolated from a human reticulocyte library. This protein, p55, is copurified during the isolation of dematin, an actin-bundling protein of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton. Fractions enriched in p55 also contain protein kinase activity that completely abolishes the actin-bundling property of purified dematin in vitro. The predicted amino acid sequence of p55 does not contain any consensus sequence corresponding to the catalytic domains of protein kinases but does contain a conserved sequence found in the noncatalytic domains of oncogene-encoded tyrosine kinases. This conserved src homology 3 (SH-3) motif appears to suppress the tyrosine kinase activity of various oncoproteins and has also been found in several plasma membrane associated proteins involved in signal transduction. Northern blot analysis indicated that p55 mRNA was constitutively expressed during erythropoiesis and underwent 2-fold amplification after induction of K562 erythroleukemia cells toward the erythropoietic lineage. The abundant expression of p55 mRNA, along with protein 4.1 mRNA, was evident in terminally differentiated human reticulocytes. Although p55 has many features consistent with known peripheral membrane proteins, its tight association with the plasma membrane is reminiscent of an integral membrane protein. This fact may be partly explained by the observation that p55 is the most extensively palmitoylated protein of the erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruff
- Department of Biomedical Research, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Boston, MA
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18
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Pendergast AM, Muller AJ, Havlik MH, Maru Y, Witte ON. BCR sequences essential for transformation by the BCR-ABL oncogene bind to the ABL SH2 regulatory domain in a non-phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. Cell 1991; 66:161-71. [PMID: 1712671 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90148-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BCR-ABL is a chimeric oncogene implicated in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive human leukemias. BCR first exon sequences specifically activate the tyrosine kinase and transforming potential of BCR-ABL. We have tested the hypothesis that activation of BCR-ABL may involve direct interaction between BCR sequences and the tyrosine kinase regulatory domains of ABL. Full-length c-BCR as well as BCR sequences retained in BCR-ABL bind specifically to the SH2 domain of ABL. The binding domain has been localized within the first exon of BCR and consists of at least two SH2-binding sites. This domain is essential for BCR-ABL-mediated transformation. Phosphoserine/phosphothreonine but not phosphotyrosine residues on BCR are required for interaction with the ABL SH2 domain. These findings extend the range of potential SH2-protein interactions in growth control pathways and suggest a function for SH2 domains in the activation of the BCR-ABL oncogene as well as a role for BCR in cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pendergast
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1570
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19
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Abstract
The actin crosslinking proteins exhibit marked diversity in size and shape and crosslink actin filaments in different ways. Amino acid sequence analysis of many of these proteins has provided clues to the origin of their diversity. Spectrin, alpha-actinin, ABP-120, ABP-280, fimbrin, and dystrophin share a homologous sequence segment that is implicated as the common actin binding domain. The remainder of each protein consists of repetitive and non-repetitive sequence segments that have been shuffled and multiplied in evolution to produce a variety of proteins that are related in function and in composition, but that differ significantly in structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Dubreuil
- Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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20
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Deletions in the SH2 domain of p60v-src prevent association with the detergent-insoluble cellular matrix. Mol Cell Biol 1991. [PMID: 1705002 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.3.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p60v-src has been shown to associate with a detergent-insoluble cellular matrix containing cytoskeletal proteins, but p60c-src does not bind to this matrix. We analyzed the association of mutant src proteins with the matrix and found that mutants which lack an amino-terminal portion (residues 149 to 169) of the SH2 domain cannot bind to the matrix. Neither the SH3 region nor other portions of the SH2 region were required for association. We also tested protein kinase-defective mutants and chimeras of p60v-src and p60c-src. We found a strong correlation between the kinase activity of p60src and its association with the detergent-insoluble matrix. Double infection of kinase-defective and kinase-active mutants did not result in matrix binding of the kinase-defective src proteins. We also found that Tyr-416, the major site of autophosphorylation in p60v-src, was not required for matrix association.
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21
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Activation of tyrosinase kinase and microfilament-binding functions of c-abl by bcr sequences in bcr/abl fusion proteins. Mol Cell Biol 1991. [PMID: 1705008 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.3.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia and one type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are characterized by a 9;22 chronosome translocation in which 5' sequences of the bcr gene become fused to the c-abl proto-oncogene. The resulting chimeric genes encode bcr/abl fusion proteins which have deregulated tyrosine kinase activity and appear to play an important role in induction of these leukemias. A series of bcr/abl genes were constructed in which nested deletions of the bcr gene were fused to the c-abl gene. The fusion proteins encoded by these genes were assayed for autophosphorylation in vivo and for differences in subcellular localization. Our results demonstrate that bcr sequences activate two functions of c-abl; the tyrosine kinase activity and a previously undescribed microfilament-binding function. Two regions of bcr which activate these functions to different degrees have been mapped: amino acids 1 to 63 were strongly activating and amino acids 64 to 509 were weakly activating. The tyrosine kinase and microfilament-binding functions were not interdependent, as a kinase defective bcr/abl mutant still associated with actin filaments and a bcr/abl mutant lacking actin association still had deregulated kinase activity. Modification of actin filament functions by the bcr/abl tyrosine kinase may be an important event in leukemogenesis.
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22
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Fukui Y, O'Brien MC, Hanafusa H. Deletions in the SH2 domain of p60v-src prevent association with the detergent-insoluble cellular matrix. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:1207-13. [PMID: 1705002 PMCID: PMC369391 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.3.1207-1213.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
p60v-src has been shown to associate with a detergent-insoluble cellular matrix containing cytoskeletal proteins, but p60c-src does not bind to this matrix. We analyzed the association of mutant src proteins with the matrix and found that mutants which lack an amino-terminal portion (residues 149 to 169) of the SH2 domain cannot bind to the matrix. Neither the SH3 region nor other portions of the SH2 region were required for association. We also tested protein kinase-defective mutants and chimeras of p60v-src and p60c-src. We found a strong correlation between the kinase activity of p60src and its association with the detergent-insoluble matrix. Double infection of kinase-defective and kinase-active mutants did not result in matrix binding of the kinase-defective src proteins. We also found that Tyr-416, the major site of autophosphorylation in p60v-src, was not required for matrix association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fukui
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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23
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McWhirter JR, Wang JY. Activation of tyrosinase kinase and microfilament-binding functions of c-abl by bcr sequences in bcr/abl fusion proteins. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:1553-65. [PMID: 1705008 PMCID: PMC369443 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.3.1553-1565.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia and one type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are characterized by a 9;22 chronosome translocation in which 5' sequences of the bcr gene become fused to the c-abl proto-oncogene. The resulting chimeric genes encode bcr/abl fusion proteins which have deregulated tyrosine kinase activity and appear to play an important role in induction of these leukemias. A series of bcr/abl genes were constructed in which nested deletions of the bcr gene were fused to the c-abl gene. The fusion proteins encoded by these genes were assayed for autophosphorylation in vivo and for differences in subcellular localization. Our results demonstrate that bcr sequences activate two functions of c-abl; the tyrosine kinase activity and a previously undescribed microfilament-binding function. Two regions of bcr which activate these functions to different degrees have been mapped: amino acids 1 to 63 were strongly activating and amino acids 64 to 509 were weakly activating. The tyrosine kinase and microfilament-binding functions were not interdependent, as a kinase defective bcr/abl mutant still associated with actin filaments and a bcr/abl mutant lacking actin association still had deregulated kinase activity. Modification of actin filament functions by the bcr/abl tyrosine kinase may be an important event in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R McWhirter
- Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116
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24
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SDC25, a CDC25-like gene which contains a RAS-activating domain and is a dispensable gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1991. [PMID: 1986220 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the CDC25 gene product activates adenylate cyclase through RAS1 and RAS2 gene products. We have recently described the cloning of a DNA fragment which suppresses the cdc25 mutation but not ras1, ras2, or cdc35 mutations. This fragment contains a 5'-truncated open reading frame which shares 47% identity with the C-terminal part of the CDC25 gene. We named the entire gene SDC25. In this paper, we report the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the complete SDC25 gene. The SDC25 gene is located on the chromosome XII close to the centromere. It is transcribed into a 4-kb-long mRNA that contains an open reading frame of 1,251 codons. Homology with the CDC25 gene extends in the N-terminal part, although the degree of similarity is lower than in the C-terminal part. In contrast with the C-terminal part, the complete SDC25 gene was found not to suppress the CDC25 gene defect. A deletion in the N-terminal part restored the suppressing activity, a result which suggests the existence of a regulatory domain. The SDC25 gene was found to be dispensable for cell growth under usual conditions. No noticeable phenotype was found in the deleted strain.
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25
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SDC25, a CDC25-like gene which contains a RAS-activating domain and is a dispensable gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:202-12. [PMID: 1986220 PMCID: PMC359610 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.202-212.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the CDC25 gene product activates adenylate cyclase through RAS1 and RAS2 gene products. We have recently described the cloning of a DNA fragment which suppresses the cdc25 mutation but not ras1, ras2, or cdc35 mutations. This fragment contains a 5'-truncated open reading frame which shares 47% identity with the C-terminal part of the CDC25 gene. We named the entire gene SDC25. In this paper, we report the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the complete SDC25 gene. The SDC25 gene is located on the chromosome XII close to the centromere. It is transcribed into a 4-kb-long mRNA that contains an open reading frame of 1,251 codons. Homology with the CDC25 gene extends in the N-terminal part, although the degree of similarity is lower than in the C-terminal part. In contrast with the C-terminal part, the complete SDC25 gene was found not to suppress the CDC25 gene defect. A deletion in the N-terminal part restored the suppressing activity, a result which suggests the existence of a regulatory domain. The SDC25 gene was found to be dispensable for cell growth under usual conditions. No noticeable phenotype was found in the deleted strain.
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26
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Daley GQ, Ben-Neriah Y. Implicating the bcr/abl gene in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive human leukemia. Adv Cancer Res 1991; 57:151-84. [PMID: 1950703 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Q Daley
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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27
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Dubreuil RR, Byers TJ, Stewart CT, Kiehart DP. A beta-spectrin isoform from Drosophila (beta H) is similar in size to vertebrate dystrophin. J Cell Biol 1990; 111:1849-58. [PMID: 2229176 PMCID: PMC2116327 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.111.5.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are a major component of the membrane skeleton in many cell types where they are thought to contribute to cell form and membrane organization. Diversity among spectrin isoforms, especially their beta subunits, is associated with diversity in cell shape and membrane architecture. Here we describe a spectrin isoform from Drosophila that consists of a conventional alpha spectrin subunit complexed with a novel high molecular weight beta subunit (430 kD) that we term beta H. The native alpha beta H molecule binds actin filaments with high affinity and has a typical spectrin morphology except that it is longer than most other spectrin isoforms and includes two knoblike structures that are attributed to a unique domain of the beta H subunit. Beta H is encoded by a different gene than the previously described Drosophila beta-spectrin subunit but shows sequence similarity to beta-spectrin as well as vertebrate dystrophin, a component of the membrane skeleton in muscle. By size and sequence similarity, dystrophin is more similar to this newly described beta-spectrin isoform (beta H) than to other members of the spectrin gene family such as alpha-spectrin and alpha-actinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Dubreuil
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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28
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Sato K, Miki S, Tachibana H, Hayashi F, Akiyama T, Fukami Y. A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 137 to 157 of p60v-src inhibits tyrosine-specific protein kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 171:1152-9. [PMID: 2171508 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A 21-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to a part of the noncatalytic domain of p60v-src (residues 137 to 157) was found to inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of p60v-src. The half inhibition concentration was ca. 7.5 microM. The peptide (peptide A) did not compete with substrate proteins or ATP. Peptide A also inhibited the autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor/kinase and the tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in the acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes isolated from electroplax of Narke japonica. However, serine/threonine-specific protein kinases such as cAMP-dependent and cGMP-dependent protein kinases were not inhibited by peptide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Japan
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29
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Genetic analysis of a Drosophila neural cell adhesion molecule: interaction of fasciclin I and Abelson tyrosine kinase mutations. Cell 1990; 60:565-75. [PMID: 2406026 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila fasciclin I is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule expressed in the developing embryo on the surface of a subset of fasciculating CNS axons, all PNS axons, and some nonneuronal cells. We have identified protein-null mutations in the fasciclin I (fas I) gene, and show that these mutants are viable and do not display gross defects in nervous system morphogenesis. The Drosophila Abelson (abl) proto-oncogene homolog encodes a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is expressed during embryogenesis primarily in developing CNS axons; abl mutants show no gross defects in CNS morphogenesis. However, embryos doubly mutant for fas I and abl display major defects in CNS axon pathways, particularly in the commissural tracts where expression of these two proteins normally overlaps. The double mutant shows a clear defect in growth cone guidance; for example, the RP1 growth cone (normally fas I positive) does not follow its normal path across the commissure.
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30
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Drubin DG, Mulholland J, Zhu ZM, Botstein D. Homology of a yeast actin-binding protein to signal transduction proteins and myosin-I. Nature 1990; 343:288-90. [PMID: 2405279 DOI: 10.1038/343288a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In yeast, the cortical actin cytoskeleton seems to specify sites of growth of the cell surface. Because the actin-binding protein ABP1p is associated with the cortical cytoskeleton of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it might be involved in the spatial organization of cell surface growth. ABP1p is localized to the cortical cytoskeleton and its overproduction causes assembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton at inappropriate sites on the cell surface, resulting in delocalized surface growth. We have now cloned and sequenced the gene encoding ABP1p. ABP1p is a novel protein with a 50 amino-acid C-terminal domain that is very similar to the SH3 domain in the non-catalytic region of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (including those encoded by the proto-oncogenes c-src and c-abl), in phospholipase C gamma and in alpha-spectrin. We also identified an SH3-related motif in the actin-binding tail domain of myosin-I. The identification of SH3 domains in a family of otherwise unrelated proteins that associate with the membrane cytoskeleton indicates that this domain might serve to bring together signal transduction proteins and their targets or regulators, or both, in the membrane cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Drubin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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31
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Dubreuil RR, Byers TJ, Sillman AL, Bar-Zvi D, Goldstein LS, Branton D. The complete sequence of Drosophila alpha-spectrin: conservation of structural domains between alpha-spectrins and alpha-actinin. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1989; 109:2197-205. [PMID: 2808524 PMCID: PMC2115856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.109.5.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete sequence of Drosophila alpha-spectrin and show that it is similar to vertebrate nonerythroid spectrins. As in vertebrates, the alpha subunit consists of two large domains of repetitive sequence (segments 1-9 and 11-19) separated by a short nonrepetitive sequence (segment 10). The 106-residue repetitive segments are defined by a consensus sequence of 54 residues. Chicken alpha-spectrin (Wasenius, V.-M., M. Saraste, P. Salven, M. Eramaa, L. Holm, V.-P. Lehto. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:79-93) shares 50 of these consensus positions. Through comparison of spectrin and alpha-actinin sequences, we describe a second lineage of spectrin segments (20 and 21) that differs from the 106-residue segments by an 8-residue insertion and by lack of many of the consensus residues. We present a model of spectrin evolution in which the repetitive lineage of spectrin segments and the nonrepetitive lineage of segments found in spectrin and alpha-actinin arose by separate multiplication events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Dubreuil
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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32
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Volpp BD, Nauseef WM, Donelson JE, Moser DR, Clark RA. Cloning of the cDNA and functional expression of the 47-kilodalton cytosolic component of human neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:7195-9. [PMID: 2550933 PMCID: PMC298023 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil NADPH oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme that is activated to generate superoxide anion and is defective in the cells of patients with chronic granulomatous disease. It requires both membrane and cytosolic components, the latter including 47- and 67-kDa proteins recognized by the polyclonal antiserum B-1. Immunoscreening of an induced HL-60 lambda ZAP cDNA library yielded seven cross-hybridizing cDNAs encoding the 47-kDa component. Fusion proteins of 22-50 kDa were recognized by B-1. Antiserum against a fusion protein recognized a 47-kDa protein in normal neutrophils but not in those from patients with autosomal chronic granulomatous disease who lack the 47-kDa cytosolic oxidase component. In a cell-free NADPH oxidase system full-length and C-terminal fusion proteins augmented superoxide generation and reconstituted the cytosolic defect of a patient missing the 47-kDa protein. The cDNA hybridized with a 1.4-kilobase mRNA from induced HL-60 cells. The longest cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 41,440 Da with a calculated pI of 10.4, an N-terminal glycine, sites favorable for phosphorylation, a nucleotide binding domain, and a region of homology to the src protein kinases, phospholipase C, and alpha-fodrin. These structural features are pertinent to proposed functional roles of the protein in the respiratory burst oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Volpp
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
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33
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Abstract
Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C is the enzyme that generates phosphoinositide-derived messenger molecules. Mammalian cells contain at least five immunologically distinct phospholipase C enzymes that appear to be separate gene products. Complete amino acid sequences of four of these isozymes have been established. The overall sequence similarity is surprisingly low for enzymes catalyzing the same chemical reaction: three of them show limited amino acid sequence similarity to each other in two narrow regions, and the fourth enzyme is completely different. The diversity in primary structure together with different regional and cellular expression of the isozymes suggests that each isozyme has a defined function in processing the physiological response of different cell types to a variety of external stimuli and that each is regulated differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Rhee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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34
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Ferrell JE, Martin GS. Tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation is regulated by glycoprotein IIb-IIIa in platelets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:2234-8. [PMID: 2928328 PMCID: PMC286886 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a number of platelet proteins become phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in response to platelet-activating agents. Here we present two lines of evidence implicating a platelet integrin, glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, in the regulation of a specific subset of these tyrosine phosphorylations. (i) Two peptides that inhibit the binding of fibrinogen and other ligands to gpIIb-IIIa, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and His-His-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val, also inhibited the thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of this subset of proteins. The tetrapeptide Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser, which does not inhibit fibrinogen binding, did not inhibit thrombin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. (ii) Platelets lacking gpIIb-IIIa (from a subject with Glanzmann thrombasthenia) did not undergo this subset of tyrosine phosphorylation in response to thrombin, although other serine, threonine, and tyrosine phosphorylations proceeded normally. These findings suggest a role for tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in integrin-mediated cell-matrix recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Ferrell
- Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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36
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Coleman TR, Fishkind DJ, Mooseker MS, Morrow JS. Functional diversity among spectrin isoforms. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1989; 12:225-47. [PMID: 2655937 DOI: 10.1002/cm.970120405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review on spectrin is to examine the functional properties of this ubiquitous family of membrane skeletal proteins. Major topics include spectrin-membrane linkages, spectrin-filament linkages, the subcellular localization of spectrins in various cell types and a discussion of major functional differences between erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins. This includes a summary of studies from our own laboratories on the functional and structural comparison of avian spectrin isoforms which are comprised of a common alpha subunit and a tissue-specific beta subunit. Consequently, the observed differences among these spectrins can be assigned to differences in the properties of the beta subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Coleman
- Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8112
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