1
|
Li J, Han Y, Zhao N, Lv L, Ma P, Zhang Y, Li M, Sun H, Deng J, Zhang Y. Identification of immune- and oxidative stress-related signature genes as potential targets for mRNA vaccines for pancreatic cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38666. [PMID: 38968513 PMCID: PMC11224846 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PAAD) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, and messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, which constitute the latest generation of vaccine technology, are expected to lead to new ideas for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas-PAAD and Genotype-Tissue Expression data were merged and analyzed. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to identify gene modules associated with tumor mutational burden among the genes related to both immunity and oxidative stress. Differentially expressed immune-related oxidative stress genes were screened via univariate Cox regression analysis, and these genes were analyzed via nonnegative matrix factorization. After immune infiltration analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression combined with Cox regression was used to construct the model, and the usefulness of the model was predicted based on the receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis curves after model construction. Finally, metabolic pathway enrichment was analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology biological process analyses. This model consisting of the ERAP2, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), CXCL9, and angiotensinogen (AGT) genes can be used to help predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients more accurately than existing models. ERAP2 is involved in immune activation and is important in cancer immune evasion. MET binds to hepatocyte growth factor, leading to the dimerization and phosphorylation of c-MET. This activates various signaling pathways, including MAPK and PI3K, to regulate the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. CXCL9 overexpression is associated with a poor patient prognosis and reduces the number of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the PAAD tumor microenvironment. AGT is cleaved by the renin enzyme to produce angiotensin 1, and AGT-converting enzyme cleaves angiotensin 1 to produce angiotensin 2. Exposure to AGT-converting enzyme inhibitors after pancreatic cancer diagnosis is associated with improved survival. The 4 genes identified in the present study - ERAP2, MET, CXCL9, and AGT - are expected to serve as targets for messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine development and need to be further investigated in depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Li
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yongjiao Han
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liping Lv
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lombardi AM, Sangiolo D, Vigna E. MET Oncogene Targeting for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6109. [PMID: 38892318 PMCID: PMC11173045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The MET receptor is one of the main drivers of 'invasive growth', a multifaceted biological response essential during embryonic development and tissue repair that is usurped by cancer cells to induce and sustain the malignant phenotype. MET stands out as one of the most important oncogenes activated in cancer and its inhibition has been explored since the initial era of cancer-targeted therapy. Different approaches have been developed to hamper MET signaling and/or reduce MET (over)expression as a hallmark of transformation. Considering the great interest gained by cancer immunotherapy, this review evaluates the opportunity of targeting MET within therapeutic approaches based on the exploitation of immune functions, either in those cases where MET impairment is crucial to induce an effective response (i.e., when MET is the driver of the malignancy), or when blocking MET represents a way for potentiating the treatment (i.e., when MET is an adjuvant of tumor fitness).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Vigna
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy; (A.M.L.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crepaldi T, Gallo S, Comoglio PM. The MET Oncogene: Thirty Years of Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Driving Malignancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:448. [PMID: 38675409 PMCID: PMC11054789 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and subsequent research on the MET oncogene's role in cancer onset and progression have illuminated crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms driving malignancy. The identification of MET as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor has paved the path for characterizing the MET tyrosine kinase activation mechanism and its downstream signaling cascade. Over the past thirty years, research has established the importance of HGF/MET signaling in normal cellular processes, such as cell dissociation, migration, proliferation, and cell survival. Notably, genetic alterations that lead to the continuous activation of MET, known as constitutive activation, have been identified as oncogenic drivers in various cancers. The genetic lesions affecting MET, such as exon skipping, gene amplification, and gene rearrangements, provide valuable targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the implications of MET as a resistance mechanism to targeted therapies emphasize the need for combination treatments that include MET inhibitors. The intriguing "flare effect" phenomenon, wherein MET inhibition can lead to post-treatment increases in cancer cell proliferation, underscores the dynamic nature of cancer therapeutics. In human tumors, increased protein expression often occurs without gene amplification. Various mechanisms may cause an overexpression: transcriptional upregulation induced by other oncogenes; environmental factors (such as hypoxia or radiation); or substances produced by the reactive stroma, such as inflammatory cytokines, pro-angiogenic factors, and even HGF itself. In conclusion, the journey to understanding MET's involvement in cancer onset and progression over the past three decades has not only deepened our knowledge, but has also paved the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Selective pharmacological inactivation of MET stands as a promising avenue for achieving cancer remission, particularly in cases where MET alterations are the primary drivers of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim J, Lee TS, Lee MH, Cho IR, Ryu JK, Kim YT, Lee SH, Paik WH. Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Targeting the HGF/c-MET Pathway: The MEK Inhibitor Trametinib. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1056. [PMID: 38473413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by fibrosis/desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment, which is primarily mediated by pancreatic stellate cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. HGF/c-MET signaling, which is instrumental in embryonic development and wound healing, is also implicated for its mitogenic and motogenic properties. In pancreatic cancer, this pathway, along with its downstream signaling pathways, is associated with disease progression, prognosis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and other tumor-related factors. Other features of the microenvironment in pancreatic cancer with the HGF/c-MET pathway include hypoxia, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the urokinase plasminogen activator positive feed-forward loop. All these attributes critically influence the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, targeting the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway appears promising for the development of innovative drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment. One of the primary downstream effects of c-MET activation is the MAPK/ERK (Ras, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK) signaling cascade, and MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors have demonstrated therapeutic value in RAS-mutant melanoma and lung cancer. Trametinib is a selective MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor, and it has evolved as a pivotal therapeutic agent targeting the MAPK/ERK pathway in various malignancies, including BRAF-mutated melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and thyroid cancer. The drug's effectiveness increases when combined with agents like BRAF inhibitors. However, resistance remains a challenge, necessitating ongoing research to counteract the resistance mechanisms. This review offers an in-depth exploration of the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway, trametinib's mechanism, clinical applications, combination strategies, and future directions in the context of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In Rae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nan X, Wang QX, Xing SJ, Liang ZG. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thiazole/thiadiazole carboxamide scaffold-based derivatives as potential c-Met kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2247183. [PMID: 37642355 PMCID: PMC10467532 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2247183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our continuous efforts to discover novel c-Met inhibitors as antitumor agents, four series of thiazole/thiadiazole carboxamide-derived analogues were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for the in vitro activity against c-Met and four human cancer cell lines. After five cycles of optimisation on structure-activity relationship, compound 51am was found to be the most promising inhibitor in both biochemical and cellular assays. Moreover, 51am exhibited potency against several c-Met mutants. Mechanistically, 51am not only induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MKN-45 cells but also inhibited c-Met phosphorylation in the cell and cell-free systems. It also exhibited a good pharmacokinetic profile in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the binding mode of 51am with both c-Met and VEGFR-2 provided novel insights for the discovery of selective c-Met inhibitors. Taken together, these results indicate that 51am could be an antitumor candidate meriting further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Nan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiu-Xu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shao-Jun Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sgarzi M, Mazzeschi M, Santi S, Montacci E, Panciera T, Ferlizza E, Girone C, Morselli A, Gelfo V, Kuhre RS, Cavallo C, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Győrffy B, D'Uva G, Romaniello D, Lauriola M. Aberrant MET activation impairs perinuclear actin cap organization with YAP1 cytosolic relocation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1044. [PMID: 37838732 PMCID: PMC10576810 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the signaling network responsible for the organization of the perinuclear actin cap, a recently identified structure holding unique roles in the regulation of nuclear shape and cell directionality. In cancer cells expressing a constitutively active MET, we show a rearrangement of the actin cap filaments, which crash into perinuclear patches associated with spherical nuclei, meandering cell motility and inactivation of the mechano-transducer YAP1. MET ablation is sufficient to reactivate YAP1 and restore the cap, leading to enhanced directionality and flattened nuclei. Consistently, the introduction of a hyperactive MET in normal epithelial cells, enhances nuclear height and alters the cap organization, as also confirmed by TEM analysis. Finally, the constitutively active YAP1 mutant YAP5SA is able to overcome the effects of oncogenic MET. Overall, our work describes a signaling axis empowering MET-mediated YAP1 dampening and actin cap misalignment, with implications for nuclear shape and cell motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sgarzi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Spartaco Santi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS-Institute Orthopaedic Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Montacci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Girone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rikke Sofie Kuhre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Cavallo
- Laboratory of Preclinical Studies for Regenerative Medicine of the Musculoskeletal System (RAMSES), (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Balazs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University Dept. of Bioinformatics and 2nd Dept. Of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola -Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alzain AA, Elbadwi FA, Mohamed SGA, Kushk KSA, Bafarhan RI, Alswiri SA, Khushaim SN, Hussein HGA, Abuhajras MYA, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM. Exploring marine-derived compounds for MET signalling pathway inhibition in cancer: integrating virtual screening, ADME profiling and molecular dynamics investigations. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:1003-1021. [PMID: 38014514 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2284917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The MET signalling pathway regulates fundamental cellular processes such as growth, division, and survival. While essential for normal cell function, dysregulation of this pathway can contribute to cancer by triggering uncontrolled proliferation and metastasis. Targeting MET activity holds promise as an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Among potential sources of anti-cancer agents, marine organisms have gained attention. In this study, we screened 47,450 natural compounds derived from marine sources within the CMNPD database against the Met crystal structure. By employing HTVS, SP, and XP docking modes, we identified three compounds (CMNPD17595, CMNPD14026, and CMNPD19696) that outperformed a reference molecule in binding affinity to the Met structure. These compounds demonstrated desirable ADME properties. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations for 200 ns confirmed the stability of their interactions with Met. Our findings highlight CMNPD17595, CMNPD14026, and CMNPD19696 as potential inhibitors against Met-dependent cancers. Additionally, these compounds offer new avenues for drug development, leveraging their inhibitory effects on Met to combat carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - F A Elbadwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - S G A Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - K S A Kushk
- Operations Sales Department, United Pharmaceuticals & Medical Supply Co. Ltd, Al Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R I Bafarhan
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Medical Department, Private Sector, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - S A Alswiri
- Pharmaceutical Company, Medical Department, Private Sector, Al Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S N Khushaim
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - H G A Hussein
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Y A Abuhajras
- Medical Claims Department, Bupa Arabia, Prince Saud AlFaisal, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - G A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S R M Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oltolina F, Santaella Escolano MDC, Jabalera Y, Prat M, Jimenez Lopez C. mAb-Functionalized Biomimetic MamC-Mediated-Magnetoliposomes as Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13958. [PMID: 37762260 PMCID: PMC10531091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer therapy, new therapeutic nanoformulations able to mediate targeted chemotherapy are required. Recently, biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) mediated by MamC, a magnetosome protein from Magnetococcus marinus MC-1, have proven, in vitro and in vivo, to be effective drug nanocarriers (following the application of an external gradient magnetic field) and to allow combination with hyperthermia. However, these nanoassemblies require further optimization to improve cytocompatibility, stability and active targeting ability. Herein, we describe the production of the magnetoliposomes (LP) embedding BMNPs functionalized (or not) with doxorubicin (DOXO), [LP(+/-DOXO-BMNPs)], and their surface modification with the DO-24 mAb, which targets the human Met/HGF receptor's ectodomain (overexpressed in many cancers). Nanoformulations were extensively characterized using TEM, DLS, FTIR and when tested in vitro, the lipid coating increased the colloidal stability and their biocompatibility, favoring the cellular uptake in cells overexpressing the cognate receptor. Indeed, the magnetoliposomes mAb-LP(+/-DOXO-BMNPs) exerted a specific active targeting ability by the presence of the mAb that preserved its immunocompetence. Both LP(BMNPs) and mAb-LP(BMNPs) were not toxic to cells, while +/-mAb-LP(DOXO-BMNPs) nanoformulations were indeed cytotoxic. Therefore, this study represents a proof of concept for the development of promising drug carriers for cancer therapy based on local chemotherapy directed by mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oltolina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.S.E.); (Y.J.); (C.J.L.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | | | - Ylenia Jabalera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.S.E.); (Y.J.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Maria Prat
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Concepcion Jimenez Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.S.E.); (Y.J.); (C.J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang C, Lu X. Targeting MET: Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MET has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of MET-dependent diseases, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small molecule MET inhibitors with mainly three types of binding modes (Ia/Ib, II, and III) have been developed. In this Review, we provide an overview of the structural features, activation mechanism, and dysregulation pathway of MET and summarize progress on the development and discovery strategies utilized for MET inhibitors as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance to current approved inhibitors. The insights will accelerate discovery of new generation MET inhibitors to overcome clinical acquired resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Correlation between hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188869. [PMID: 36842767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very deadly and difficult to treat. The presence of hypoxia has been shown to increase the probability of cancer developing and spreading. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC) has traditionally viewed a highly lethal form of cancer due to its high occurrence of early metastases. Desmoplasia/stroma is often thick and collagenous, with pancreatic stellate cells as the primary source (PSCs). Cancer cells and other stromal cells interact with PSCs, promoting disease development. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway have been proposed as a growth factor mechanism mediating this interaction. Human growth factor (HGF) is secreted by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and its receptor, c-MET, is generated by pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. Hypoxia is frequent in malignant tumors, particularly pancreatic (PC). Hypoxia results from limitless tumor development and promotes survival, progression, and invasion. Hypoxic is becoming a critical driver and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer as its hypoxia microenvironment is defined. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology show that hypoxia promotes tumor proliferation, aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) stabilize hypoxia signaling. Hypoxia cMet is a key component of pancreatic tumor microenvironments, which also have a fibrotic response, that hypoxia, promotes and modulates. c-Met is a tyrosine-protein kinase. As describe it simply, the MET gene in humans' codes for a protein called hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). Most cancerous tumors and pancreatic cancer in particular, suffer from a lack of oxygen (PC). Due to unrestrained tumor development, hypoxia develops, actively contributing to tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the processes by which hypoxia signaling promotes invasion and metastasis become clear, c-MET has emerged as an important determinant of pancreatic cancer malignancy and a potential pharmacological target. This manuscript provides the most current findings on the role of hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Xing Y, Li B, Li X, Liu B, Wang Y. Molecular pathways, resistance mechanisms and targeted interventions in non-small-cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:42. [PMID: 36508072 PMCID: PMC9743956 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively targeting EGFR mutations in lung cancer patients in 2004 represented the beginning of the precision medicine era for this refractory disease. This great progress benefits from the identification of driver gene mutations, and after that, conventional and new technologies such as NGS further illustrated part of the complex molecular pathways of NSCLC. More targetable driver gene mutation identification in NSCLC patients greatly promoted the development of targeted therapy and provided great help for patient outcomes including significantly improved survival time and quality of life. Herein, we review the literature and ongoing clinical trials of NSCLC targeted therapy to address the molecular pathways and targeted intervention progress in NSCLC. In addition, the mutations in EGFR gene, ALK rearrangements, and KRAS mutations in the main sections, and the less common molecular alterations in MET, HER2, BRAF, ROS1, RET, and NTRK are discussed. The main resistance mechanisms of each targeted oncogene are highlighted to demonstrate the current dilemma of targeted therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential therapies to overcome the challenges of drug resistance. In this review, we manage to display the current landscape of targetable therapeutic patterns in NSCLC in this era of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yurou Xing
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bingjie Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moiseenko F, Bogdanov A, Egorenkov V, Volkov N, Moiseyenko V. Management and Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with MET Alteration and Mechanisms of Resistance. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1664-1698. [PMID: 36269457 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT MET-driven tumors are a heterogenous group of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with activating mutations. Pathologic activation of MET can be achieved with increased number of gene copies overexpression, or decreased protein degradation through several mechanisms, including mutations, amplifications, or fusions. Besides its role as primary driver, MET activation might also mediate resistance to kinase inhibitors in NSCLC with various other actionable alterations. While checkpoint inhibitors have modest efficacy in MET-driven tumors, several approaches of targeted blockade are available. Among them the most promising are small tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies. Unfortunately, resistance is virtually inevitable. Resistance to small kinase inhibitors might be mediated by kinase domain mutations or activation of shunting cascades. Various resistance mechanisms might be present in one patient, making it overcoming an unresolved problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Moiseenko
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia. .,N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 68, Leningradskaya st., Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia. .,State Budget Institution of Higher Education "North-Western State Medical University named after I.I Mechnikov" under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 41, Kirochnaya str, Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia.
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Egorenkov
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Nikita Volkov
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Vladimir Moiseyenko
- Saint-Petersburg City Cancer Center, Leningradskay 68a, Lit.A, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pathmanathan S, Yao Z, Coelho P, Valla R, Drecun L, Benz C, Snider J, Saraon P, Grozavu I, Kotlyar M, Jurisica I, Park M, Stagljar I. B cell linker protein (BLNK) is a regulator of Met receptor signaling and trafficking in non-small cell lung cancer. iScience 2022; 25:105419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
14
|
SH005S7 Overcomes Primary and Acquired Resistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Combined MET/EGFR/HER3 Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1840541. [PMID: 36158893 PMCID: PMC9499774 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1840541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have examined the anticancer effects of SH005S7 on MET-amplified and (HCC827GR) NSCLC cells and their primary HCC827 cells. In vitro, first of all, cell viability and colony formation assay confirmed the growth inhibitory effects of SH005S7 on both cells. Second, SH005S7 inactivated EGFR-related multiple cell signaling, which was associated with a marked decrease in the constitutive phosphorylation of EGFR, HER3, MET, AKT, and ERK. Third, SH005S7 attenuated the anchorage-independent cell growth. Fourth, SH005S7 blocked invasive and metastatic capability by downregulation of mesenchymal markers—vimentin, snail, and MMP-9. Fifth, BrdU assay confirmed the cell cycle arrest of SH005S7 on these cells. When administered orally to nude mice xenografically transplanted human NSCLC, SH005S7 inhibited the growth of tumor and did not cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in animals. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of tissue showed that the suppression of growth correlated with inhibition of proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA), invasiveness (vimentin, snail), and angiogenesis (CD31) marker and decrement in the constitutive and phosphorylation of EGFR, HER3, MET, AKT, and ERK. Additionally, SH005S7 had immune stimulatory effects by TNF-α cytokine release on macrophage, without cell cytotoxicity. Overall, our results suggest that SH005S7 can inhibit the growth of MET-amplified and gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells through the suppression of EGFR-related multiple targets linked to overcome gefitinib resistance.
Collapse
|
15
|
Feng Y, Yang Z, Xu X. c-Met: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2379-2388. [PMID: 35967753 PMCID: PMC9374328 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s369175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) belongs to the tyrosine kinase receptor family and is overexpressed in various human cancers. Its ligand is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Emerging studies have indicated that c-Met expression is strongly associated with bladder cancer (BCa) development and prognosis. Therefore, c-Met is a potential therapeutic target for BCa treatment. Recently, the aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs was found to play a significant role in tumour progression. There is a close connection between c-Met and noncoding RNA. Herein, we summarized the biological function and prognostic value of c-Met in BCa, as well as its potential role as a drug target. The relation of c-Met and ncRNA was also described in the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Feng
- The Second Affiliated College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao H, Wang Y, Wu X, Zeng X, Lin B, Hu S, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Du C, Beer DG, Bai S, Chen G. FAM83A antisense RNA 1 ( FAM83A-AS1) silencing impairs cell proliferation and induces autophagy via MET-AMPKɑ signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13312-13327. [PMID: 35635086 PMCID: PMC9275865 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2081457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in cancer progression. However, the expression pattern and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA FAM83A-AS1 in lung cancer remain largely unclear. Here, we analyzed FAM83A-AS1 expression in lung cancer tissues from three RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets and validated these results using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in an independent set of lung adenocarcinoma. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy were analyzed after knockdown FAM83A-AS1 with siRNAs. The underlying molecular mechanisms of FAM83A-AS1 were performed by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and RNA-seq analysis. We found that FAM83A-AS1 was up-regulated in lung cancer and elevated expression was associated with poor patient survival. These results were confirmed using RT-PCR in an independent set of lung cancer. Functional study indicated that FAM83A-AS1 knockdown reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation in cancer cells. FAM83A-AS1 silencing induced autophagy and cell cycle arrest at G2. Mechanistically, serval oncogenic proteins such as EGFR, MET, PI3K, and K-RAS were decreased upon FAM83A-AS1 silencing, while phosphor AMPKα and ULK1 were increased. Based on the above results, we believe that FAM83A-AS1 may have potential as a diagnosis/prognosis marker and its oncogenic role and autophagy regulation may be through MET-AMPKα signaling, which could lead to potential targeting for lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Wu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xaofei Zeng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoyue Lin
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengmin Hu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changzheng Du
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - David G. Beer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shengbin Bai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Herdt MJ, van der Steen B, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Looijenga LHJ, Koljenović S, Hardillo JA. The Occurrence of MET Ectodomain Shedding in Oral Cancer and Its Potential Impact on the Use of Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061491. [PMID: 35326642 PMCID: PMC8946088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer type worldwide, comprising tumors of the upper aero/digestive tract. Approximately 50% of these cancers originate in the oral cavity. Depending on disease stage, oral cancer patients are treated with single-modality surgery, or in combination with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Despite advances in these modalities, the 5-year survival rate is merely 50%. Therefore, implementation of targeted therapies, directed against signaling molecules, has gained attention. One potential target is the MET protein, which can be present on the surface of cancer cells, orchestrating aggressive behavior. As cancer cells can shed the extracellular part of MET from their surface, it is important to identify for MET positive patients whether they possess the entire and/or only the intracellular part of the receptor to assess whether targeted therapies directed against the extracellular, intracellular, or both parts of MET need to be implemented. Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase MET has gained attention as a therapeutic target. Although MET immunoreactivity is associated with progressive disease, use of targeted therapies has not yet led to major survival benefits. A possible explanation is the lack of companion diagnostics (CDx) that account for proteolytic processing. During presenilin-regulated intramembrane proteolysis, MET’s ectodomain is shed into the extracellular space, which is followed by γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the residual membranous C-terminal fragment. The resulting intracellular fragment is degraded by the proteasome, leading to downregulation of MET signaling. Conversely, a membrane-bound MET fragment lacking the ectodomain (MET-EC-) can confer malignant potential. Use of C- and N-terminal MET monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) has illustrated that MET-EC- occurs in transmembranous C-terminal MET-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we propose that ectodomain shedding, resulting from G-protein-coupled receptor transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and/or overexpression of ADAM10/17 and/or MET, stabilizes and possibly activates MET-EC- in OSCC. As MET-EC- is associated with poor prognosis in OSCC, it potentially has impact on the use of targeted therapies. Therefore, MET-EC- should be incorporated in the design of CDx to improve patient stratification and ultimately prolong survival. Hence, MET-EC- requires further investigation seen its oncogenic and predictive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. De Herdt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-7044490
| | - Berdine van der Steen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Jose A. Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schmitt C, Schulz AA, Winkelmann R, Smith K, Wild PJ, Demes M. Comparison of MET gene amplification analysis by next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2273-2282. [PMID: 34733418 PMCID: PMC8555686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MET gene alterations are known to be involved in acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. MET amplifications present a potential therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are conventionally used to assess MET amplifications, there are currently no clinically defined cut-off values for NGS, with FISH still being the gold standard. A collective of 20 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue samples (mean age 64 years) were selected based on increased MET gene copy number (CNV) status or the presence of mutations detected by NGS (GeneReader, QIAGEN) and were further assessed by FISH (MET/CEN7, Zytomed). Of these, 17 tumor samples were MET-amplified and one patient was found to have a MET rearrangement by NGS, while two samples had no MET gene alteration. In contrast to the NGS result, FISH analysis showed only one highly amplified sample and 19 negative samples. The single highly amplified case detected by FISH was also positive by NGS with a fold change (FC) of 3.18 and a mean copy number (CNMV 10−100%) of 20.5. Therefore, for the assessment of MET amplifications using the QIAGEN NGS workflow, we suggest detecting amplified cases with an FC value of ≥ 3.0 and a CNMV 10−100% value of ≥ 20.0 by FISH. In summary, NGS allows for DNA- and RNA-based analysis of specific MET gene amplifications, point mutations or rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmitt
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Anna-Alice Schulz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Ria Winkelmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Kevin Smith
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Peter J Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Wildlab, University Hospital Frankfurt MVZ GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Melanie Demes
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Wildlab, University Hospital Frankfurt MVZ GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang Q, Aronov AM, Deininger DD, Giroux S, Lauffer DJ, Li P, Liang J, McGinty K, Ronkin S, Swett R, Waal N, Boucher D, Ford PJ, Moody CS. Discovery of Potent, Selective Triazolothiadiazole-Containing c-Met Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:955-960. [PMID: 34141080 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel series of highly potent and selective triazolothiadiazole c-Met inhibitors. Starting with molecule 5, we have applied structure-based drug design principles to identify the triazolothiadiazole ring system. We successfully replaced the metabolically unstable phenolic moiety with a quinoline group. Further optimization around the 5,6 bicyclic moiety led to the identification of 21. Compound 21 suffered from PDE3 selectivity issues and subsequent, structurally informed design led to the discovery of compound 23. Compound 23 has exquisite kinase selectivity, excellent potency, favorable ADME profile, and showed dose-dependent antitumor efficacy in a SNU-5 gastric cancer xenograft model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alex M. Aronov
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David D. Deininger
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Simon Giroux
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David J. Lauffer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Pan Li
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jianglin Liang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kira McGinty
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven Ronkin
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Rebecca Swett
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Nathan Waal
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Diane Boucher
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Pamella J. Ford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Cameron S. Moody
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santarpia M, Massafra M, Gebbia V, D’Aquino A, Garipoli C, Altavilla G, Rosell R. A narrative review of MET inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1536-1556. [PMID: 33889528 PMCID: PMC8044480 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has radically improved in the last years due to development and clinical approval of highly effective agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and oncogene-directed therapies. Molecular profiling of lung cancer samples for activated oncogenes, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and BRAF, is routinely performed to select the most appropriate up-front treatment. However, the identification of new therapeutic targets remains a high priority. Recently, MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as novel actionable oncogenic alterations in NSCLC, sensitive to MET inhibition. In this review we discuss: (I) MET gene and MET receptor structure and signaling pathway; (II) MET exon 14 alterations; (III) current data on MET inhibitors, mainly focusing on selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), in the treatment of NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. We identified the references for this review through a literature search of papers about MET, MET exon 14 skipping mutations, and MET inhibitors, published up to September 2020, by using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. We also searched on websites of main international cancer congresses (ASCO, ESMO, IASLC) for ongoing studies presented as abstracts. MET exon 14 skipping mutations have been associated with clinical activity of selective MET inhibitors, including capmatinib, that has recently received approval by FDA for clinical use in this subgroup of NSCLC patients. A large number of trials are testing MET inhibitors, also in combinatorial therapeutic strategies, in MET exon 14-altered NSCLC. Results from these trials are eagerly awaited to definitively establish the role and setting for use of these agents in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Massafra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gebbia
- Medical Oncology and Supportive Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy;,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Aquino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Garipoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain;,Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain;,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ, Firuzi O. Combination of HGF/MET-targeting agents and other therapeutic strategies in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103234. [PMID: 33497758 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MET receptor has emerged as a druggable target across several human cancers. Agents targeting MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) including small molecules such as crizotinib, tivantinib and cabozantinib or antibodies including rilotumumab and onartuzumab have proven their values in different tumors. Recently, capmatinib was approved for treatment of metastatic lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping. In this review, we critically examine the current evidence on how HGF/MET combination therapies may take advantage of synergistic effects, overcome primary or acquired drug resistance, target tumor microenvironment, modulate drug metabolism or tackle pharmacokinetic issues. Preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of HGF/MET-targeted agents with conventional chemotherapeutics or molecularly targeted treatments (including EGFR, VEGFR, HER2, RAF/MEK, and PI3K/Akt targeting agents) and also the value of biomarkers are examined. Our deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying successful pharmacological combinations is crucial to find the best personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pothula SP, Xu Z, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Targeting HGF/c-MET Axis in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9170. [PMID: 33271944 PMCID: PMC7730415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC)) has been an aggressive disease that is associated with early metastases. It is characterized by dense and collagenous desmoplasia/stroma, predominantly produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). PSCs interact with cancer cells as well as other stromal cells, facilitating disease progression. A candidate growth factor pathway that may mediate this interaction is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway. HGF is produced by PSCs and its receptor c-MET is expressed on pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. The current review discusses the role of the MET/HGF axis in tumour progression and dissemination of pancreatic cancer. Therapeutic approaches that were developed targeting either the ligand (HGF) or the receptor (c-MET) have not been shown to translate well into clinical settings. We discuss a two-pronged approach of targeting both the components of this pathway to interrupt the stromal-tumour interactions, which may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa P. Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - David Goldstein
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Romano C. Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Jeremy S. Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Minoti V. Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.P.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Z, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhao W, Gong Y, Hao X, Hou Y, Liu Y, Ding S, Liu J, Chen Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenoxypyridine based 3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-carboxamide derivatives as potential c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104371. [PMID: 33075664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blocking c-Met kinase activity by small-molecule inhibitors has been identified as a promising approach for the treatment of cancers. Herein, we described the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of 4-phenoxypyridine-based 3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline derivatives as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Inhibitory activitives against c-Met kinase evaluation indicated that most of compounds showed excellent c-Met kinase activity in vitro, and IC50 values of ten compounds (23a, 23e, 23f, 23l, 23r, 23s, 23v, 23w, 23x and 23y) were less than 10.00 nM. Notably, three of them (23v, 23w and 23y) showed remarkable potency with IC50 values of 2.31 nM, 1.91 nM and 2.44 nM, respectively, and thus they were more potent than positive control drug foretinib (c-Met, IC50 = 2.53 nM). Cytotoxic evaluation indicated the most promising compound 23w showed remarkable cytotoxicity against A549, H460 and HT-29 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.57 μM, 0.94 μM and 0.65 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, cell apoptosis assays by flow cytometry, wound-healing assays and transwell migration assays on HT-29 and/or A549 cells of 23w were performed. Especially compound 23w, which displayed potent antitumor, apoptosis induction and antimetastatic activity, could be used as a promising lead for further development. Meanwhile, their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Jiantao Shi
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Xianglong Zhu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Yilin Gong
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Xuechen Hao
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shi Ding
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China.
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 10036, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Joosten SPJ, Spaargaren M, Clevers H, Pals ST. Hepatocyte growth factor/MET and CD44 in colorectal cancer: partners in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188437. [PMID: 32976979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial self-renewal is a tightly controlled process, which is critically dependent on WNT signalling. Aberrant activation of the WNT pathway in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) results in constitutive transcription of target genes, which collectively drive malignant transformation in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the contribution of individual genes to intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis often is incompletely defined. Here, we discuss converging evidence indicating that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play a major role in the intestinal damage response, as well as in intestinal tumorigenesis, by controlling the proliferation, survival, motility, and stemness of normal and neoplastic intestinal epithelial cells. These activities of MET are promoted by specific CD44 isoforms expressed by ISCs. The accrued data indicate that MET and the EGFR have overlapping roles in the biology of intestinal epithelium and that metastatic CRCs can exploit this redundancy to escape from EGFR-targeted treatments, co-opting HGF/MET/CD44v signalling. Hence, targeting both pathways may be required for effective treatment of (a subset of) CRCs. The RTK identity of MET, the distinctive 'plasminogen-like' structure and activation mode of its ligand HGF, and the specific collaboration of MET with CD44, provide several unique targeting options, which merit further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sander P J Joosten
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Loc. AMC, the Netherlands..
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chung CT, Yeh KC, Lee CH, Chen YY, Ho PJ, Chang KY, Chen CH, Lai YK, Chen CT. Molecular profiling of afatinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells in vivo derived from mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105183. [PMID: 32896579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. NSCLC patients with overexpressed or mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related to disease progression are treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Acquired drug resistance after TKI treatments has been a major focus for development of NSCLC therapies. This study aimed to establish afatinib-resistant cell lines from which afatinib resistance-associated genes are identified and the underlying mechanisms of multiple-TKI resistance in NSCLC can be further investigated. Nude mice bearing subcutaneous NSCLC HCC827 tumors were administered with afatinib at different dose intensities (5-100 mg/kg). We established three HCC827 sublines resistant to afatinib (IC50 > 1 μM) with cross-resistance to gefitinib (IC50 > 5 μM). cDNA microarray revealed several of these sublines shared 27 up- and 13 down-regulated genes. The mRNA expression of selective novel genes - such as transmembrane 4 L six family member 19 (TM4SF19), suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) - are responsive to afatinib treatments only at high concentrations. Furthermore, c-MET amplification and activations of a subset of tyrosine kinase receptors were observed in all three resistant cells. PHA665752, a c-MET inhibitor, remarkably increased the sensitivity of these resistant cells to afatinib (IC50 = 12-123 nM). We established afatinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines and here report genes associated with afatinib resistance in human NSCLC. These cell lines and the identified genes serve as useful investigational tools, prognostic biomarkers of TKI therapies, and promising molecule targets for development of human NSCLC therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ta Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chia Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Jiun Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yen Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fujino T, Suda K, Mitsudomi T. Emerging MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:229-249. [PMID: 32615820 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1791821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction MET aberrations, including MET exon 14 skipping mutation and amplification, are present in ~5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and these levels are comparable to the frequency of ALK fusion. MET amplification also occurs as an acquired resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutated NSCLC after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) treatment failure. Therefore, the development of therapies for activated MET is urgently needed. Areas covered This review summarizes (1) the mechanisms and frequencies of MET aberrations in NSCLC, (2) the efficacies and toxicities of MET-TKIs under clinical development and (3) the mechanisms of inherent and acquired resistance to MET-TKIs. Expert opinion Type Ia, Ib and II MET-TKIs are currently under clinical development, and phase I/II studies have shown the potent activities of tepotinib, capmatinib and savolitinib; in fact, tepotinib and capmatinib were approved for use by health authorities. However, inherent and acquired resistance through on- and off-target mechanisms has been detected, and strategies to overcome this resistance are being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The AKT-independent MET-V-ATPase-MTOR axis suppresses liver cancer vaccination. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:122. [PMID: 32764535 PMCID: PMC7414041 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in hepatitis treatment, there have been no significant advances in the development of liver cancer vaccines in recent years. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET, also known as HGFR) on tumor vaccinations for liver cancer in mice. Herein, we demonstrate that MET expression is significantly associated with the immunogenicity of liver cancer in mice and humans, and that MET depletion dramatically enhances the protective efficacy of chemotherapy-based anti-liver cancer vaccination. Mechanistically, MET repressed liver cancer immunogenicity independent of the traditional PI3K–AKT cascade, and MET interacted with vacuolar ATP synthase (V-ATPase) and mediated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), thus suppressing liver cancer immunogenicity. The efficacy of chemotherapy-based liver cancer vaccination was markedly enhanced by targeting the MET–V-ATPase–MTOR axis, highlighting a translational strategy for identifying MET-associated drug candidates for cancer prevention.
Collapse
|
28
|
Simon B, Uslu U. Fasten the seat belt: Increasing safety of CAR T-cell therapy. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1039-1045. [PMID: 32627228 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After the recent success and approvals of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in haematological malignancies, its efficacy is currently evaluated in a broad spectrum of tumor entities including melanoma. However, severe and potentially life-threatening side effects like cytokine release syndrome, neurologic toxicities, and the competing risk of morbidity and mortality from the treatment itself are still a major limiting factor in the current CAR T-cell landscape. In addition, especially in solid tumors, the lack of ideal target antigens to avoid on-target/off-tumor toxicities also restricts its use. While various groups are working on strategies to boost CAR T-cell efficacy, mechanisms to increase engineered T-cell safety should not move out of focus. Thus, the aim of this article is to summarize and to discuss current and potential future strategies and mechanisms to increase CAR T-cell safety in order to enable the wide use of this promising approach in melanoma and other tumor entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen- European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ugur Uslu
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen- European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Dong S, Tamaskar A, Wang H, Zhao J, Ma H, Zhao Y. Proteasome Inhibitors Diminish c-Met Expression and Induce Cell Death in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2020; 28:497-507. [PMID: 32580819 PMCID: PMC7751221 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15929939001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 85% of all lung carcinomas. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC. Proteasome inhibition induces cell apoptosis and has been used as a novel therapeutic approach for treating diseases including NSCLC; however, the effects of different proteasome inhibitors on NSCLC have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to determine a precise strategy for treating NSCLC by targeting c-Met using different proteasome inhibitors. Three proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, MG132, and ONX 0914, were used in this study. Bortezomib (50 nM) significantly reduced c-Met levels and cell viability in H1299 and H441 cells, while similar effects were observed in H460 and A549 cells when a higher concentration (∼100 nM) was used. Bortezomib decreased c-Met gene expression in H1299 and H441 cells, but it had no effect in A549 and H460 cells. MG-132 at a low concentration (0.5 μM) diminished c-Met levels in H441 cells, while neither a low nor a high concentration (∼20 μM) altered c-Met levels in A549 and H460 cells. A higher concentration of MG-132 (5 μM) was required for decreasing c-Met levels in H1299 cells. Furthermore, MG-132 induced cell death in all four cell types. Among all the four cell lines, H441 cells expressed higher levels of c-Met and appeared to be the most susceptible to MG-132. MG-132 decreased c-Met mRNA levels in both H1299 and H441 cells. ONX 0914 reduced c-Met levels in H460, H1299, and H441 cells but not in A549 cells. c-Met levels were decreased the most in H441 cells treated with ONX 0914. ONX 0914 did not alter cell viability in H441; however, it did induce cell death among H460, A549, and H1299 cells. This study reveals that different proteasome inhibitors produce varied inhibitory effects in NSCLS cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinP.R. China
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinP.R. China
| | - Arya Tamaskar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| | - Heather Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinP.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bylicki O, Paleiron N, Assié JB, Chouaïd C. Targeting the MET-Signaling Pathway in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Evidence to Date. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5691-5706. [PMID: 32606781 PMCID: PMC7306460 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-MET proto-oncogene (MET) plays an important role in lung oncogenesis, affecting cancer-cell survival, growth and invasiveness. The MET receptor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a potential therapeutic target. The development of high-output next-generation sequencing techniques has enabled better identification of anomalies in the MET pathway, like the MET exon-14 (METex14) mutation. Moreover, analyses of epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) and mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) demonstrated the importance of MET amplification as an escape mechanism in patients with TKI-treated EGFR-mutated NSCLCs. This review summarizes the laboratory findings on MET and its anomalies, trial results on METex14 alterations and MET amplification in non-EGFR mutated NSCLCs, and acquired resistance to TKI in EGFR-mutated NSCLCs. The outcomes of the first trials with anti-MET agents on non-selected NSCLC patients or those selected for MET overexpression were disappointing. Two situations seem the most promising today for the use of anti-MET agents to treat these patients: tumors harboring METex14 and those EGFR-sensitive mutation mutated under TKI-EGFR with a MET-amplification mechanism of resistance or EGFR-resistance mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bylicki
- Respiratory Disease Unit, HIA Sainte Anne, Toulon, France
- University Paris–Est Créteil (UPEC), CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), EA 7376- IMRB, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Assié
- University Paris–Est Créteil (UPEC), CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), EA 7376- IMRB, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal De Créteil, Créteil, France
- Cordeliers Research Center, Inserm, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Sorbonne University, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christos Chouaïd
- University Paris–Est Créteil (UPEC), CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), EA 7376- IMRB, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal De Créteil, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The c-MET oncoprotein: Function, mechanisms of degradation and its targeting by novel anti-cancer agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129650. [PMID: 32522525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-MET oncoprotein drives cancer progression in a variety of tumors through its signaling transduction pathways. This oncoprotein is also degraded by multiple mechanisms involving the lysosome, proteasome and cleavage by proteases. Targeting c-MET degradation pathways may result in effective therapeutic strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of oncogenic functions of c-MET, there has been a great deal of effort to develop anti-cancer drugs targeting this oncoprotein. Unexpectedly, novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity, down-regulate c-MET through their ability to bind intracellular iron and via mechanisms including, down-regulation of MET mRNA, enhanced lysosomal processing and increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The c-MET oncoprotein regulation and degradation pathways are complex. However, with increasing understanding of its degradation mechanisms, there is also greater opportunities to therapeutically target these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of degradation of c-MET protein and its regulation could lead to novel therapeutics.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jabalera Y, Oltolina F, Prat M, Jimenez-Lopez C, Fernández-Sánchez JF, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Gómez-Morales J. Eu-Doped Citrate-Coated Carbonated Apatite Luminescent Nanoprobes for Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E199. [PMID: 31979272 PMCID: PMC7074876 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the field of Nanomedicine, there is an increasing demand for new inorganic nanophosphors with low cytotoxicity and efficient loading-release ability of drugs for applications in bioimaging and drug delivery. This work assesses the potentiality of matured Eu-doped citrate-coated carbonated apatite nanoparticles to be used as theranostic platforms, for bioimaging, as luminescent nanoprobes, and for drug delivery applications, using Doxorubicin as a model drug. The drug adsorption isotherm fits the Langmuir-Freundlich (LF) model, showing that the Eu:cit-cAp nanoparticles can carry a maximum of 0.29 ± 0.02 mg Doxo mg Eu:cit-cAp-1 (Qmax). The affinity constant KFL for this binding is 44 ± 2 mL mg-1, and the cooperativity coefficient r is 6 ± 1. The nanoparticle suspensions presented charge reversion from negative to positive after loading with Doxo as revealed by the ζ-potential versus pH characterization. The release of drug from the loaded nanoparticles was found to be strongly pH-dependent, being around 5 wt % at physiological pH 7.4 and 20 wt % at pH 5, in experiments lasting 24 h. Luminescence spectroscopic measurements of Doxo-loaded nanoparticles revealed the increase of luminescence with a decrease in the amount of adsorbed Doxo, due to the so-called inner filter effect. The nanoparticles free of Doxo were cytocompatible when interacted with two human cell lines derived respectively from a gastric carcinoma (GTL-16), and a hepatocarcinoma (Huh7), while Doxo-loaded nanoparticles displayed significant toxicity in a dose-dependent relationship. Therefore, the new nanoassemblies might have a dual function, as nanoprobes in bioimaging by detecting the fate of the nanoparticles in biological environments, and for monitoring the delivery of the drug in such environments, by measuring the rise of the luminescence provided by the desorption of Doxo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Jabalera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain; (Y.J.); (F.O.); (C.J.-L.)
| | - Francesca Oltolina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain; (Y.J.); (F.O.); (C.J.-L.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Maria Prat
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain; (Y.J.); (F.O.); (C.J.-L.)
| | - Jorge F. Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT-CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. Las Palmeras, 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain;
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT-CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. Las Palmeras, 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xia C, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang L, Gao X, Li D, Qi W, An R, Xu H. Novel Peptide CM 7 Targeted c-Met with Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030451. [PMID: 31973231 PMCID: PMC7038139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous changes of the cell mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met) receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway play an important role in the occurrence and development of human cancers, including gastric cancer. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel peptide (CM 7) targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met, that can inhibit c-Met-mediated signaling in MKN-45 and U87 cells. Its affinity to human c-Met protein or c-Met-positive cells was determined, which showed specific binding to c-Met with high affinity. Its biological activities against MKN-45 c-Met-positive cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. As a result, peptide CM 7 exhibited moderate regulation of c-Met-mediated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and scattering. The inhibitory effect of peptide CM 7 on tumor growth in vivo was investigated by establishing a xenograft mouse model using MKN-45 cells, and the growth inhibition rate of tumor masses for peptide CM 7 was 62%. Based on our data, CM 7 could be a promising therapeutic peptide for c-Met-dependent cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Xia
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Liu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xinmei Gao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dongping Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiyan Qi
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Roujin An
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (C.X.); (Y.W.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (X.G.); (D.L.); (W.Q.); (R.A.)
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-139-25346; Fax: +86-025-86185437
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oltolina F, Colangelo D, Miletto I, Clemente N, Miola M, Verné E, Prat M, Follenzi A. Tumor Targeting by Monoclonal Antibody Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1575. [PMID: 31698869 PMCID: PMC6915337 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug-loaded nanocarriers represent innovative and attractive tools for cancer therapy. Several magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were analyzed as potential tumor-targeted drug-loaded nanocarriers after functionalization with anti-Met oncogene (anti-Met/HGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and doxorubicin (DOXO). Their cytocompatibility, stability, immunocompetence (immunoprecipitation), and their interactions with cancer cells in vitro (Perl's staining, confocal microscopy, cytotoxic assays: MTT, real time toxicity) and with tumors in vivo (Perl's staining) were evaluated. The simplest silica- and calcium-free mAb-loaded MNPs were the most cytocompatible, the most stable, and showed the best immunocompetence and specificity. These mAb-functionalized MNPs specifically interacted with the surface of Met/HGFR-positive cells, and not with Met/HGFR-negative cells; they were not internalized, but they discharged in the targeted cells DOXO, which reached the nucleus, exerting cytotoxicity. The presence of mAbs on DOXO-MNPs significantly increased their cytotoxicity on Met/HGFR-positive cells, while no such effect was detectable on Met/HGFR-negative cells. Bare MNPs were biocompatible in vivo; mAb presence on MNPs induced a better dispersion within the tumor mass when injected in situ in Met/HGFR-positive xenotumors in NOD/SCID-γnull mice. These MNPs may represent a new and promising carrier for in vivo targeted drug delivery, in which applied gradient and alternating magnetic fields can enhance targeting and induce hyperthermia respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oltolina
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Miletto
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Miola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrica Verné
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Prat
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata (BRMA), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per Biotecnologie (CIB), Località Padriciano 99, 34149 Area di Ricerca, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata (BRMA), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per Biotecnologie (CIB), Località Padriciano 99, 34149 Area di Ricerca, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
MET Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: From the Bench to the Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101404. [PMID: 31547040 PMCID: PMC6827355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. The different systemic treatment approaches attempted in the last 35 years have not improved overall survival in the advanced stage. Targeted therapies assessed in clinical trials have failed to show efficacy against SCLC. Within the potentially interesting targets, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) pathway activation is associated with worse survival and chemoresistance in SCLC. Preclinical data suggest that the inhibition of the MET pathway can revert chemoresistance and prevent tumor growth. Recently, immunotherapy has shown modest but relevant activity in SCLC. Interestingly, MET modulation seems to be involved in increasing the efficacy of standard checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data of MET inhibition in SCLC, and the role of this pathway in the immune response.
Collapse
|
36
|
Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Saso L, Firuzi O. HGF/MET pathway aberrations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:533-566. [PMID: 31512514 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1653821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. MET tyrosine kinase receptor [MET, c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor] pathway activation is associated with the appearance of several hallmarks of cancer. The HGF/MET pathway has emerged as an important actionable target across many solid tumors; therefore, biomarker discovery becomes essential in order to guide clinical intervention and patient stratification with the aim of moving towards personalized medicine. The focus of this review is on how the aberrant activation of the HGF/MET pathway in tumor tissue or the circulation can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers of drug response. Many meta-analyses have shown that aberrant activation of the MET pathway in tumor tissue, including MET gene overexpression, gene amplification, exon 14 skipping and other activating mutations, is almost invariably associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis. Most meta-analyses have been performed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, head and neck cancers as well as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, several studies have shown the predictive value of MET biomarkers in the identification of patients who gain the most benefit from HGF/MET targeted therapies administered as single or combination therapies. The highest predictive values have been observed for response to foretinib and savolitinib in renal cancer, as well as tivantinib in NSCLC and colorectal cancer. However, some studies, especially those based on MET expression, have failed to show much value in these stratifications. This may be rooted in lack of standardization of methodologies, in particular in scoring systems applied in immunohistochemistry determinations or absence of oncogenic addiction of cancer cells to the MET pathway, despite detection of overexpression. Measurements of amplification and mutation aberrations are less likely to suffer from these pitfalls. Increased levels of MET soluble ectodomain (sMET) in circulation have also been associated with poor prognosis; however, the evidence is not as strong as it is with tissue-based biomarkers. As a diagnostic biomarker, sMET has shown its value in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals in prostate and bladder cancers and in melanoma. On the other hand, increased circulating HGF has also been presented as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in many cancers; however, there is controversy on the predictive value of HGF as a biomarker. Other biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor HGF levels have also been briefly covered. In conclusion, HGF/MET aberrations can provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and represent vital assets for personalized cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza Onlus , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer," Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lv PC, Yang YS, Wang ZC. Recent Progress in the Development of Small Molecule c-Met Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1276-1288. [PMID: 31526339 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712205353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-Met, also referred to as Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR), is a heterodimeric
receptor tyrosine kinase. It has been determined that c-Met gene mutations, overexpression, and amplification
also occur in a variety of human tumor types, and these events are closely related to the aberrant
activation of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. Meanwhile, high c-Met expression is closely associated
with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The c-Met kinase has emerged as an attractive target for developing
antitumor agents. In this review, we cover the recent advances on the small molecule c-Met inhibitors
discovered from 2018 until now, with a main focus on the rational design, synthesis and structureactivity
relationship analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, United States
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Zheng Y, Li X, Hu X, Qi F, Luo J. Genome-wide mutation profiling and related risk signature for prognosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:427. [PMID: 31700863 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with limited investigation. Our study aimed to explore a robust signature to predict the prognosis of pRCC from the perspective of mutation profiles. Methods In this study, we downloaded the simple nucleotide variation data of 288 pRCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. "GenVisR" package was utilized to visualize gene mutation profiles in pRCC. The PPI network was conducted based on the STRING database and the modification was performed via Cytoscape software (Version 3.7.1). Top 50 mutant genes were selected and Cox regression method was conducted to identify the hub prognostic mutant signature in pRCC using "survival" package. Mutation Related Signature (MRS) risk score was established by multivariate Cox regression method. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve drawn by "timeROC" was conducted to assess the predictive accuracy of overall survival (OS) and Kaplan-Meier analysis was then performed. Relationships between mutants and expression levels were compared by Wilcox rank-sum test. Function enrichment pathway analysis for mutated genes was performed by "org.Hs.eg.db", "clusterProfiler", "ggplot2" and "enrichplot" packages. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was exploited using the MRS as the phenotypes, which worked based on the JAVA platform. All statistical analyses were achieved by R software (version 3.5.2). P value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results The mutation landscape in waterfall plot revealed that a list of 49 genes that were mutated in more than 10 samples, of which 6 genes (TTN, MUC16, KMT2C, MET, OBSCN, LRP2) were mutated in more than 20 samples. Besides, non-synonymous was the most frequent mutation effect, and missense mutation was one of the most common mutation types in mutated genes across 248 samples. The AUC of MRS model consisted of 17 prognostic mutant signatures was 0.907 in 3-year OS prediction. Moreover, pRCC patients with high level of MRS showed the worse survival outcomes compared with that in low-level MRS group (P=0). In addition, correlation analysis indicated that 6 mutated genes (BAP1, OBSCN, NF2, SETD2, PBRM1, DNAH1) were significantly associated with corresponding expression levels. Last, functional enriched pathway analysis showed that these mutant genes were involved in multiple cancer-related crosstalk, including PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction or cell cycle. Conclusions In summary, our study was the first attempt to explore the mutation-related signature for predicting survival outcomes of pRCC based on the high-throughput data, which might provide valuable information for further uncovering the molecular pathogenesis in pRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Qi
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yuan L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Cao J, Li X, Wang M, Wu K, Zhang J, Liu G, Tang Q, Yuan Q, Cheng T, Xia N. Agonist c-Met Monoclonal Antibody Augments the Proliferation of hiPSC-derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells and Improves Cell Transplantation Therapy for Liver Failure in Mice. Theranostics 2019; 9:2115-2128. [PMID: 31037160 PMCID: PMC6485278 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been developed to address the shortage of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) for therapeutic applications. However, the in vivo repopulation capacity of HLCs remains limited. This study investigated the roles of agonist antibody activating the c-Met receptor in promoting the in vivo proliferation and repopulation of engrafted PHHs and/or HLCs in mice with liver injuries due to different causes. Methods: An agonist c-Met receptor antibody (5D5) was used to treat PHHs and hiPSC-HLCs in both cell culture and hepatocyte-engrafted immunodeficient mice mimicking various inherited and acquired liver diseases. The promoting roles and potential influence on the hepatic phenotype of the 5D5 regimen in cell transplantation-based therapeutic applications were systematically evaluated. Results: In hiPSC-HLC cell cultures, 5D5 treatment significantly stimulated c-Met receptor downstream signalling pathways and accelerated cell proliferation in dose-dependent and reversible manners. In contrast, only slight but nonsignificant promotion was observed in 5D5-treated PHHs. In vivo administration of 5D5 greatly promoted the expansion of implanted hiPSC-HLCs in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah) deficient mice, resulting in significantly increased human albumin levels and high human liver chimerism (over 40%) in the transplanted mice at week 8 after transplantation. More importantly, transplantation of hiPSC-HLCs in combination with 5D5 significantly prolonged animal survival and ameliorated liver pathological changes in mice with acute and/or chronic liver injuries caused by Fas agonistic antibody treatment, carbon tetrachloride treatment and/or tyrosinemic stress. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the proliferation of hiPSC-HLCs can be enhanced by antibody-mediated modulation of c-Met signalling and facilitate hiPSC-HLC-based therapeutic applications for life-threatening liver diseases.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The treatment landscape for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has dramatically shifted over the past two decades. Targeted or precision medicine has primarily been responsible for this shift. Older paradigms of treating metastatic NSCLC with cytotoxic chemotherapy, while still important, have given way to evaluating tumor tissues for specific driver mutations that can be treated with targeted agents. Patients treated with targeted agents frequently have improved progression-free survival and overall survival compared to patients without a targetable driver mutation, highlighting the clinical benefit of precision medicine. In this chapter, we explore the historic landmark trials, the current state of the field, and potential future targets under investigation, in this exciting, rapidly evolving discipline of precision medicine in lung cancer.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bioinspired Mineralization of Type I Collagen Fibrils with Apatite in Presence of Citrate and Europium Ions. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanostructured hybrid composites based on collagen and nanocrystalline apatites are interesting materials for the generation of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this work, mineralized collagen fibrils were prepared in the presence of citrate and Eu3+. Citrate is an indispensable and essential structural/functional component of bone. Eu3+ endows the mineralized fibrils of the necessary luminescent features to be potentially employed as a diagnostic tool in biomedical applications. The assembly and mineralization of collagen were performed by the neutralization method, which consists in adding dropwise a Ca(OH)2 solution to a H3PO4 solution containing the dispersed type I collagen until neutralization. In the absence of citrate, the resultant collagen fibrils were mineralized with nanocrystalline apatites. When citrate was added in the titrant solution in a Citrate/Ca molar ratio of 2 or 1, it acted as an inhibitor of the transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to nanocrystalline apatite. The addition of Eu3+ and citrate in the same titrant solution lead to the formation of Eu3+–doped citrate–coated ACP/collagen fibrils. Interestingly, the relative luminescent intensity and luminescence lifetime of this latter composite were superior to those of Eu3+–doped apatite/collagen prepared in absence of citrate. The cytocompatibility tests, evaluated by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) colorimetric assay in a dose–dependent manner on GTL–16 human gastric carcinoma cells, on MG–63 human osteosarcoma cells and on the m17.ASC, a spontaneously immortalized mouse mesenchymal stem cell clone from subcutaneous adipose tissue, show that, in general, all samples are highly cytocompatible.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is involved in the formation, metastasis and invasion of various malignant tumors thus it has been an attractive target for anti-tumor drug designing. Many compositions targeting c-Met have been developed in pharmaceutical industry for cancer therapy and some of them are in clinical study now. Among them, Crizotinib was the first small molecular inhibitor approved by FDA in 2011. AREAS COVERED This review briefly summarizes the signal transduction pathway about c-Met, its role in oncogenesis, most recent patents of small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies of c-Met from 2014 to 2017. EXPERT OPINION To date, some c-Met inhibitors have been launched in the market. In addition, their clinical performances have shown encouraging value in cancer therapy. Many potential agents are still in preclinical or clinical study now and achieve some promising progressions. Some patients have developed resistance to c-Met inhibitors which results in the need to develop inhibitors with novel structures. Development of several potent drugs also tends to be pharmacodynamically active against multiple targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Dan Ye
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
MET/HGF Co-Targeting in Pancreatic Cancer: A Tool to Provide Insight into the Tumor/Stroma Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123920. [PMID: 30544501 PMCID: PMC6321305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ‘onco-receptor’ MET (Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor) is involved in the activation of the invasive growth program that is essential during embryonic development and critical for wound healing and organ regeneration during adult life. When aberrantly activated, MET and its stroma-secreted ligand HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor) concur to tumor onset, progression, and metastasis in solid tumors, thus representing a relevant target for cancer precision medicine. In the vast majority of tumors, wild-type MET behaves as a ‘stress-response’ gene, and relies on ligand stimulation to sustain cancer cell ‘scattering’, invasion, and protection form apoptosis. Moreover, the MET/HGF axis is involved in the crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Pancreatic cancer (namely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by an abundant stromal compartment that is associated with early metastases and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the role of the MET/HGF axis in tumor progression and dissemination considering as a model pancreatic cancer, and provide a proof of concept for the application of dual MET/HGF inhibition as an adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Apicella M, Giannoni E, Fiore S, Ferrari KJ, Fernández-Pérez D, Isella C, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Sottile A, Comoglio PM, Medico E, Pietrantonio F, Volante M, Pasini D, Chiarugi P, Giordano S, Corso S. Increased Lactate Secretion by Cancer Cells Sustains Non-cell-autonomous Adaptive Resistance to MET and EGFR Targeted Therapies. Cell Metab 2018; 28:848-865.e6. [PMID: 30174307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment influences cancer drug response and sustains resistance to therapies targeting receptor-tyrosine kinases. However, if and how the tumor microenvironment can be altered during treatment, contributing to resistance onset, is not known. We show that, under prolonged treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), EGFR- or MET-addicted cancer cells displayed a metabolic shift toward increased glycolysis and lactate production. We identified secreted lactate as the key molecule instructing cancer-associated fibroblasts to produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in a nuclear factor κB-dependent manner. Increased HGF, activating MET-dependent signaling in cancer cells, sustained resistance to TKIs. Functional or pharmacological targeting of molecules involved in the lactate axis abrogated in vivo resistance, demonstrating the crucial role of this metabolite in the adaptive process. This adaptive resistance mechanism was observed in lung cancer patients progressed on EGFR TKIs, demonstrating the clinical relevance of our findings and opening novel scenarios in the challenge to drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apicella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Stephany Fiore
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Karin Johanna Ferrari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonino Sottile
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy; Pathology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy; Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Simona Corso
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ling Y, Kuang Y, Chen LL, Lao WF, Zhu YR, Wang LQ, Wang D. A novel RON splice variant lacking exon 2 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway via PTEN phosphorylation in colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39101-39116. [PMID: 28388571 PMCID: PMC5503598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinase is accompanied by the generation of multiple splice or truncated variants, which mediate many critical cellular functions that contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we report a new RON splice variant in the human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HT29. This variant is a 165 kda protein generated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing that eliminates exon 2, causing an in-frame deletion of 63 amino acids in the extracellular domain of the RON β chain. The deleted transcript was a single chain expressed in the intracellular compartment. Although it lacked tyrosine phosphorylation activity, the RONΔ165E2 variant could phosphorylate phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), thereby activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the RONΔ165E2 promoted cell migration and tumor growth. Finally, in an investigation of 67 clinical CRC samples, the variant was highly expressed in about 58% of the samples, and was positively correlated with the invasive depth of the tumor (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the novel RONΔ165E2 variant promoted tumor progression while activating the PI3K/AKT pathway via PTEN phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ling
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Biomedical Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Lao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Ru Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Qi Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang M, Li G, Sun X, Ni S, Tan C, Xu M, Huang D, Ren F, Li D, Wei P, Du X. MET amplification, expression, and exon 14 mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 77:108-115. [PMID: 29641976 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MET amplification, expression, and splice mutations at exon 14 result in dysregulation of the MET signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between MET amplification, protein or mRNA expression, and mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC). MET immunohistochemistry was used for MET protein expression analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for MET amplification detection. Both analyses were performed in tissue microarrays containing 294 colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue samples and 131 samples of adjacent normal epithelial tissue. MET mRNA expression was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 72 fresh colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue samples and adjacent normal colon tissue. Polymerase chain reaction sequencing was performed to screen for MET exon 14 splice mutations in 59 fresh CRC tissue samples. Our results showed that MET protein expression was higher in colorectal tumor tissue than in adjacent normal intestinal epithelium. Positive MET protein expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive MET protein expression was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival but not for overall survival. MET mRNA expression was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The incidence of MET amplification was 4.4%. None of the patients was positive for MET mutation. Collectively, MET was overexpressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma, and its positive protein expression predicted a poorer outcome in CRC patients. Furthermore, according to our results, MET amplification and exon 14 mutation are extremely rare events in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guichao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shujuan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The multiple paths towards MET receptor addiction in cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3200-3215. [PMID: 29551767 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are currently used with success on a small proportion of patients displaying clear oncogene activation. Lung cancers with a mutated EGFR provide a good illustration. The efficacy of targeted treatments relies on oncogene addiction, a situation in which the growth or survival of the cancer cells depends on a single deregulated oncogene. MET, a member of the RTK family, is a promising target because it displays many deregulations in a broad panel of cancers. Although clinical trials having evaluated MET inhibitors in large populations have yielded disappointing results, many recent case reports suggest that MET inhibition may be effective in a subset of patients with unambiguous MET activation and thus, most probably, oncogene addiction. Interestingly, preclinical studies have revealed a particularity of MET addiction: it can arise through several mechanisms, and the mechanism involved can differ according to the cancer type. The present review describes the different mechanisms of MET addiction and their consequences for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although in each cancer type MET addiction affects a restricted number of patients, pooling of these patients across all cancer types yields a targetable population liable to benefit from addiction-targeting therapies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gómez-Morales J, Verdugo-Escamilla C, Fernández-Penas R, Parra-Milla CM, Drouet C, Maube-Bosc F, Oltolina F, Prat M, Fernández-Sánchez JF. Luminescent biomimetic citrate-coated europium-doped carbonated apatite nanoparticles for use in bioimaging: physico-chemistry and cytocompatibility. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2385-2397. [PMID: 35541482 PMCID: PMC9077401 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine covers the application of nanotechnologies in medicine. Of particular interest is the setup of highly-cytocompatible nanoparticles for use as drug carriers and/or for medical imaging. In this context, luminescent nanoparticles are appealing nanodevices with great potential for imaging of tumor or other targetable cells, and several strategies are under investigation. Biomimetic apatite nanoparticles represent candidates of choice in nanomedicine due to their high intrinsic biocompatibility and to the highly accommodative properties of the apatite structure, allowing many ionic substitutions. In this work, the preparation of biomimetic (bone-like) citrate-coated carbonated apatite nanoparticles doped with europium ions is explored using the citrate-based thermal decomplexing approach. The technique allows the preparation of the single apatitic phase with nanosized dimensions only at Eu3+ doping concentrations ≤0.01 M at some timepoints. The presence of the citrate coating on the particle surface (as found in bone nanoapatites) and Eu3+ substituting Ca2+ is beneficial for the preparation of stable suspensions at physiological pH, as witnessed by the ζ-potential versus pH characterizations. The sensitized luminescence features of the solid particles, as a function of the Eu3+ doping concentrations and the maturation times, have been thoroughly investigated, while those of particles in suspensions have been investigated at different pHs, ionic strengths and temperatures. Their cytocompatibility is illustrated in vitro on two selected cell types, the GTL-16 human carcinoma cells and the m17.ASC murine mesenchymal stem cells. This contribution shows the potentiality of the thermal decomplexing method for the setup of luminescent biomimetic apatite nanoprobes with controlled features for use in bioimaging. Biomimetic citrate-coated europium doped carbonated apatite nanoparticles show a high luminescence intensity and cytocompatibility for uses in cell/tissue imaging.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT
- Université de Toulouse
- UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5085
- Ensiacet
- 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Françoise Maube-Bosc
- CIRIMAT
- Université de Toulouse
- UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5085
- Ensiacet
- 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Francesca Oltolina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro
- 28100 Novara
- Italy
| | - Maria Prat
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro
- 28100 Novara
- Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Activated HGF-c-Met Axis in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120169. [PMID: 29231907 PMCID: PMC5742817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly morbid disease. Recent developments including Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved molecular targeted agent’s pembrolizumab and cetuximab show promise but did not improve the five-year survival which is currently less than 40%. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor; also known as mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); and regulates tumor progression and response to therapy. The c-Met pathway has been shown to regulate many cellular processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. The c-Met pathway is involved in cross-talk, activation, and perpetuation of other signaling pathways, curbing the cogency of a blockade molecule on a single pathway. The receptor and its ligand act on several downstream effectors including phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ), cellular Src kinase (c-Src), phosphotidylinsitol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt), mitogen activate protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathways. They are also known to cross-talk with other receptors; namely epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and specifically contribute to treatment resistance. Clinical trials targeting the c-Met axis in HNSCC have been undertaken because of significant preclinical work demonstrating a relationship between HGF/c-Met signaling and cancer cell survival. Here we focus on HGF/c-Met impact on cellular signaling in HNSCC to potentiate tumor growth and disrupt therapeutic efficacy. Herein we summarize the current understanding of HGF/c-Met signaling and its effects on HNSCC. The intertwining of c-Met signaling with other signaling pathways provides opportunities for more robust and specific therapies, leading to better clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang L, Zhang B, Zhao J, Zhi Y, Wang L, Lu T, Chen Y. Structure-based design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H -pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine derivatives as novel c-Met inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:942-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|