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Hsia Y, Sivasubramanian M, Chu CH, Chuang YC, Lai YK, Lo LW. A Dual Concentration-Tailored Cytokine-Chemo Nanosystem to Alleviate Multidrug Resistance and Redirect Balance of Cancer Proliferation and Apoptosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4253-4274. [PMID: 37534057 PMCID: PMC10392912 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s412932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) is an important factor that severely affects the chemotherapeutic efficacy. Among various methods to bypass MDR, usage of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is attractive, which exerts antitumor effects of immunotherapeutic response and apoptotic/proinflammatory pathways. Nevertheless, the challenges remain how to implement targeted delivery of TNFα to reduce toxicity and manifest the involved signaling mechanism that subdues MDR. Methods We synthesized a multifunctional nanosytem, in which TNFα covalently bound to doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) through bi-functional polyethylene glycol (TNFα-PEG-MSN-Hydrazone-Dox) as a robust design to overcome MDR. Results The salient features of this nanoplatform are: 1) by judicious tailoring of TNFα concentration conjugated on MSN, we observed it could lead to a contrary effect of either proliferation or suppression of tumor growth; 2) the MSN-TNFα at higher concentration serves multiple functions, besides tumor targeting and inducer of apoptosis through extrinsic pathway, it inhibits the expression level of p-glycoprotein (P-gp), a cell membrane protein that functions as a drug efflux pump; 3) the enormous surface area of MSN provides for TNFα functionalization, and the nanochannels accommodate chemotherapeutics, Dox; 4) targeted intracellular release of Dox through the pH-dependent cleavage of hydrazone bonds induces apoptosis by the specific intrinsic pathway; and 5) TNFα-PEG-MSN-Hydrazone-Dox (MSN-Dox-TNFα) could infiltrate deep into the 3D spheroid tumor model through disintegration of tight junction proteins. When administered intratumorally in a Dox-resistant mouse tumor model, MSN-Dox-TNFα exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect through the collective performances of TNFα and Dox. Conclusion We hereby develop and demonstrate a multifunctional MSN-Dox-TNFα system with concentration-tailored TNFα that can abrogate the drug resistance mechanism, and significantly inhibit the tumor growth through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, thus making it a highly potential nanomedicine translated in the treatment of MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Maharajan Sivasubramanian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Chakranon P, Lai YK, Tang YW, Choudhary P, Khunti K, Lee SWH. Distal technology interventions in people with diabetes: an umbrella review of multiple health outcomes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1966-1976. [PMID: 31631398 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To summarize and evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness of distal technology with regard to multiple health outcomes in people with diabetes. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from database inception to 31 August 2018 for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of studies that examined the impact of distal technology and reported any clinical or patient-related outcomes among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The umbrella review identified 95 reviews, including 162 meta-analyses with 46 unique outcomes. Evidence from meta-analyses of randomized controlled studies supports the use of distal technology, especially telehealth and mHealth (healthcare delivered by mobile technology), in people with diabetes for improving HbA1c values by 2-4 mmol/mol (0.2-0.4%). For other health outcomes, such as changes in fasting plasma glucose levels, risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, the evidence was weaker. No evidence was reported for most patient-reported outcomes including quality of life, self-efficacy and medication-taking. The evidence base was poor, with most studies rated as low to very low quality. CONCLUSION Distal technologies were associated with a modest improvement in glycaemic control, but it was unclear if they improved major clinical outcomes or were cost-effective in people with diabetes. More robust research to improve wider outcomes in people with diabetes is needed before such technologies can be recommended as part of routine care for any patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chakranon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silapakorn University, Pathom, Thailand
| | - Y K Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Y W Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - P Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S W H Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylors, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chung CT, Yeh KC, Lee CH, Chen YY, Ho PJ, Chang KY, Chen CH, Lai YK, Chen CT. Molecular profiling of afatinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells in vivo derived from mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105183. [PMID: 32896579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. NSCLC patients with overexpressed or mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related to disease progression are treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Acquired drug resistance after TKI treatments has been a major focus for development of NSCLC therapies. This study aimed to establish afatinib-resistant cell lines from which afatinib resistance-associated genes are identified and the underlying mechanisms of multiple-TKI resistance in NSCLC can be further investigated. Nude mice bearing subcutaneous NSCLC HCC827 tumors were administered with afatinib at different dose intensities (5-100 mg/kg). We established three HCC827 sublines resistant to afatinib (IC50 > 1 μM) with cross-resistance to gefitinib (IC50 > 5 μM). cDNA microarray revealed several of these sublines shared 27 up- and 13 down-regulated genes. The mRNA expression of selective novel genes - such as transmembrane 4 L six family member 19 (TM4SF19), suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) - are responsive to afatinib treatments only at high concentrations. Furthermore, c-MET amplification and activations of a subset of tyrosine kinase receptors were observed in all three resistant cells. PHA665752, a c-MET inhibitor, remarkably increased the sensitivity of these resistant cells to afatinib (IC50 = 12-123 nM). We established afatinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines and here report genes associated with afatinib resistance in human NSCLC. These cell lines and the identified genes serve as useful investigational tools, prognostic biomarkers of TKI therapies, and promising molecule targets for development of human NSCLC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ta Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chia Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Jiun Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yen Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Lam IF, Huang M, Chang MDT, Yao PW, Chou YT, Ng SK, Tsai YL, Lin YC, Zhang YF, Yang XY, Lai YK. Identification of anti-HBV activities in Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. using GRP78 as a drug target on Herbochip ®. Chin Med 2017; 12:11. [PMID: 28450884 PMCID: PMC5402670 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbochip® technology is a high throughput drug screening platform in a reverse screening manner, in which potential chemical leads in herbal extracts are immobilized and drug target proteins can be used as probes for screening process [BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015) 15:146]. While herbal medicines represent an ideal reservoir for drug screenings, here a molecular chaperone GRP78 is demonstrated to serve as a potential target for antiviral drug discovery. Methods We cloned and expressed a truncated but fully functional form of human GRP78 (hGRP781-508) and used it as a probe for anti-HBV drug screening on herbochips. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vitro anti-HBV activity of the herbal extracts were evaluated by MTT and ELISA assays, respectively. Finally, anti-HBV activity was confirmed by in vivo assay using DHBV DNA levels in DHBV-infected ducklings as a model. Results Primary screenings using GRP78 on 40 herbochips revealed 11 positives. Four of the positives, namely Dioscorea bulbifera, Lasiosphaera fenzlii, Paeonia suffruticosa and Polygonum cuspidatum were subjected to subsequent assays. None of the above extracts was cytotoxic to AML12 cells, but P. cuspidatum extract (PCE) was found to be cytotoxic to HepG2 2.2.15 cells. Both PCE and P. suffruticosa extract (PSE) suppressed secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. The anti-HBV activity of PSE was further confirmed in vivo. Conclusion We have demonstrated that GRP78 is a valid probe for anti-HBV drug screening on herbochips. We have also shown that PSE, while being non-cytotoxic, possesses in vitro and in vivo anti-HBV activities. Taken together, our data suggest that PSE may be a potential anti-HBV agent for therapeutic use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0132-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iao-Fai Lam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min Huang
- Yunnan Baiyao-Herbcopoeia Laboratory Inc., 51 Xi-Ba Road, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Margaret Dah-Tysr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wun Yao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sim-Kun Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Yang
- Yunnan Baiyao-Herbcopoeia Laboratory Inc., 51 Xi-Ba Road, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Yunnan Baiyao-Herbcopoeia Laboratory Inc., 51 Xi-Ba Road, Kunming, Yunnan China
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Chen SR, Ke YY, Yeh TK, Lin SY, Ou LC, Chen SC, Chang WT, Chang HF, Wu ZH, Hsieh CC, Law PY, Loh HH, Shih C, Lai YK, Yeh SH, Ueng SH. Discovery, structure-activity relationship studies, and anti-nociceptive effects of N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinylmethyl)benzamides as novel opioid receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:202-217. [PMID: 27776274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are analgesics used clinically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, but their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, dependence, and rewarding effects. In this study, we identified N-({2-[(4-bromo-2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinyl}methyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (1) as a novel opioid receptor agonist by high-throughput screening. Structural modifications made to 1 to improve potency and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration resulted in compounds 45 and 46. Compound 45 was a potent MOR/KOR (κ-opioid receptor) agonist, and compound 46 was a potent MOR and medium KOR agonist. Both 45 and 46 demonstrated a significant anti-nociceptive effect in a tail-flick test performed in wild type (WT) B6 mice. The ED50 value of 46 was 1.059 mg/kg, and the brain concentrations of 45 and 46 were 7424 and 11696 ng/g, respectively. Accordingly, compounds 45 and 46 are proposed for lead optimization and in vivo disease-related pain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ren Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Ou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Hua Ueng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Hsu CY, Shih HY, Chia YC, Lee CH, Ashida H, Lai YK, Weng CF. Rutin potentiates insulin receptor kinase to enhance insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 translocation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Dong-Hwa University; Hualien 97401 Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Life Science; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Dong-Hwa University; Hualien 97401 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chia
- Department of Food Science & Technology; Tajen University; Ping Tung Hsien Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Dong-Hwa University; Hualien 97401 Taiwan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Life Science; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Dong-Hwa University; Hualien 97401 Taiwan
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Sun FC, Shyu HY, Lee MS, Lee MS, Lai YK. Involvement of calcium-mediated reactive oxygen species in inductive GRP78 expression by geldanamycin in 9L rat brain tumor cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19169-85. [PMID: 24051401 PMCID: PMC3794827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with geldanamycin (GA) leads to an increase in [Ca2+]c and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat brain tumor 9L RBT cells. GA-exerted calcium signaling was blocked by BAPTA/AM and EGTA. The effect of GA on [Ca2+]c was significantly reduced in the presence of thapsigargin (TG) and ruthenium red (RR). GA-induced GRP78 expression is significantly decreased in the presence of BAPTA/AM, EGTA and RR, suggesting that the calcium influx from the extracellular space and intracellular calcium store oscillations are contributed to by the calcium mobilization and GRP78 expression induced by GA. The induced GRP78 expression is sensitive to added U73122 and Ro-31-8425, pinpointing the involvement of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) in GA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC), BAPTA/AM, EGTA and H7 also have significant inhibitory effects on ROS generation. Finally, neither H7 nor NAC was able to affect the calcium response elicited by GA. Our results suggest that the causal signaling cascade during GA-inducted GRP78 expression occurs via a pathway that connects PLC to cytoplasmic calcium increase, PKC activation and, then, finally, ROS generation. Our data provides new insights into the influence of GA on ER stress response in 9L RBT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chun Sun
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-8511-888; Fax: +886-4-8511-326
| | - Hsin-Yi Shyu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-K.L.)
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Meng-Shiunn Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-K.L.)
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Wang CH, Wang TM, Young TH, Lai YK, Yen ML. The critical role of ECM proteins within the human MSC niche in endothelial differentiation. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4223-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ho SY, Lai YK, Lam TH, Chan V, Mak KK, Lo WS. Risk factors and outcomes of childhood obesity in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 4:45-47. [PMID: 23775188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Onset of obesity is related to age, gender, pubertal stage, dietary habits, and parental occupation. Targeting the high riskgroups may help curb obesity in children. 2. Obesity may lead to poor self-esteem and potential psychosocial risk. The psychosocial impact of obesity could be more pronounced in girls than boys. 3. The association between obesity and psychosocial health could be bi-directional. Improving psychosocial health could be beneficial in weight management for normal-weight and obese children. 4. Obesity is associated with higher blood pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road,Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang CH, Wu CC, Hsu SH, Liou JY, Li YW, Wu KK, Lai YK, Yen BL. The role of RhoA kinase inhibition in human placenta-derived multipotent cells on neural phenotype and cell survival. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kuo PA, Kuo CH, Lai YK, Graumann PL, Tu J. Phosphate limitation induces the intergeneric inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Serratia marcescens isolated from paper machines. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 84:577-87. [PMID: 23398522 PMCID: PMC3717176 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is an essential nutrient for heterotrophic bacteria, affecting bacterioplankton in aquatic ecosystems and bacteria in biofilms. However, the influence of phosphate limitation on bacterial competition and biofilm development in multispecies populations has received limited attention in existing studies. To address this issue, we isolated 13 adhesive bacteria from paper machine aggregates. Intergeneric inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa WW5 by Serratia marcescens WW4 was identified under phosphate-limited conditions, but not in Luria–Bertani medium or M9 minimal medium. The viable numbers of the pure S. marcescens WW4 culture decreased over 3 days in the phosphate-limited medium; however, the mortality of S. marcescens WW4 was significantly reduced when it was co-cultured with P. aeruginosa WW5, which appeared to sustain the S. marcescens WW4 biofilm. In contrast, viable P. aeruginosa WW5 cells immediately declined in the phosphate-limited co-culture. To identify the genetic/inhibitory element(s) involved in this process, we inserted a mini-Tn5 mutant of S. marcescens WW4 that lacked inhibitory effect. The results showed that an endonuclease bacteriocin was involved in this intergeneric inhibition by S. marcescens WW4 under phosphate limitation. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of nutrient limitation in bacterial interactions and provides a strong candidate gene for future functional characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-An Kuo
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Hsiao CW, Peng TI, Peng AC, Reiter RJ, Tanaka M, Lai YK, Jou MJ. Long-term Aβ exposure augments mCa2+-independent mROS-mediated depletion of cardiolipin for the shift of a lethal transient mitochondrial permeability transition to its permanent mode in NARP cybrids: a protective targeting of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:107-25. [PMID: 24446866 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ)-induced neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether mtDNA T8993G mutation-induced complex V inhibition, clinically associated with neurological muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP), is a potential risk factor for AD and the pathological link for long-term exposure of Aβ-induced mitochondrial toxicity and apoptosis in NARP cybrids. Using noninvasive fluorescence probe-coupled laser scanning imaging microscopy and NARP cybrids harboring 98% mutant genes along with its parental 143B osteosarcoma cells, we demonstrated that Aβ-augmented mitochondrial Ca(2+) (mCa(2+))-independent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation for a cardiolipin (CL, a major mitochondrial protective phospholipid)-dependent lethal modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Aβ augmented not only the amount but also the propagation rate of mROS-induced mROS formation to significantly depolarize mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψ(m)) and reduce mCa(2+) stress. Aβ-augmented mROS oxidized and depleted CL, thereby enhances mitochondrial fission and movement retardation, which promoted the NARP-augmented lethal transient-MPT (t-MPT) to switch to its irreversible mode of permanent-MPT (p-MPT). Interestingly, melatonin, a multiple mitochondrial protector, markedly reduced Aβ-augmented mROS formation and therefore significantly reduced mROS-mediated depolarization of ∆Ψ(m), fission of mitochondria and retardation of mitochondrial movement to stabilize CL and hence the MPT. In the presence of melatonin, Aβ-promoted p-MPT was reversed to a protective t-MPT, which preserved ∆Ψ(m) and lowered elevated mCa(2+) to sublethal levels for an enhanced mCa(2+)-dependent O(2) consumption. Thus, melatonin may potentially rescue AD patients associated with NARP symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Hsiao
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Cheng YW, Chen YI, Tzeng CY, Chang CH, Lee YC, Chen HC, Tsai CC, Hsu TH, Lai YK, Chang SL. Aqueous Extracts of Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) Lower the Levels of Plasma Glucose by Activating the Cholinergic Nerve in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Med Mushrooms 2013; 15:277-86. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v15.i3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Lai YK, Hsu JTA, Chu CC, Chang TY, Pan KL, Lin CC. Enhanced recombinant protein production and differential expression of molecular chaperones in sf-caspase-1-repressed stable cells after baculovirus infection. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:83. [PMID: 23134743 PMCID: PMC3505465 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few studies that have examined the potential of RNA inference (RNAi) to increase protein production in the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (Sf)-caspase-1-repressed stable cells exhibit resistance to apoptosis and enhancement of recombinant protein production. However, the mechanism of recombinant protein augmentation in baculovirus-infected Caspase-repressed insect cells has not been elucidated. Results In the current study, we utilized RNAi-mediated Sf-caspase-1-repressed stable cells to clarify how the resistance to apoptosis can enhance both intracellular (firefly luciferase) and extracellular (secreted alkaline phosphatase [SEAP]) recombinant protein production in BEVS. Since the expression of molecular chaperones is strongly associated with the maximal production of exogenous proteins in BEVS, the differential expression of molecular chaperones in baculovirus-infected stable cells was also analyzed in this study. Conclusion The data indicated that the retention of expression of molecular chaperones in baculovirus-infected Sf-caspase-1-repressed stable cells give the higher recombinant protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Tuan TF, Chung CT, Tsou HH, Chen FW, Lin HL, Lai YK, Lee WS, Chao YS, Hwang LL, Chen CT. Putative tumor metastasis-associated genes in human gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1068-84. [PMID: 22664961 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality and its malignancy, resulting from disseminated cancer cells of diffuse type, is clinically manifested as metastases to the liver and peritoneum. The aim of the present study was to identify putative tumor metastasis-associated genes in human gastric cancer cells of diffuse type. An MKN45 cell line constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein (MKN45-GFP) was established and selected using the Transwell® system for invasive sublines MKN45-GFP-4, MKN45-GFP-10 and MKN45-GFP-12. MKN45-GFP-10 and MKN45-GFP-12 are highly invasive compared to the others. The mRNA levels were measured with cDNA microarrays and correlated with their invasion abilities in these sublines. Many of the genes identified with a positive or negative correlation are associated with angiogenesis, cell cycle, cytoskeleton and cell motility, protease and cell adhesion, as well as cellular signal transduction. In particular, novel genes without known functions were also noted. RT-PCR and western blot analyses were applied to verify the expression of selective genes. Following orthotopical intraperitoneal implantation, MKN45-GFP-12 demonstrated significantly higher in vivo tumor malignancies than parental MKN45-GFP in ascites induction and liver -invasion in mice. We have identified putative gastric tumor metastasis-associated, as well as novel genes. These genes and their protein products are to be further explored for their functional roles associated with tumor metastasis. The molecular profiles of these identified genes, gene transcripts and proteins in the patient specimens are likely to be useful biomarkers for diagnostic, therapeutic and/or prognostics. Most importantly, they may be used as molecular targets for the discovery of antitumor drugs against human gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Fan Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Jiang L, Lai YK, Zhang JF, Chan CY, Lu G, Lin MCM, He ML, Li JC, Kung HF. Transactivation of the TIEG1 confers growth inhibition of transforming growth factor-β-susceptible hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2035-42. [PMID: 22563190 PMCID: PMC3342601 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i17.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-inducible early gene 1 (TIEG1) in TGF-β-induced growth inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
METHODS: Human hepatocyte and HCC cell lines with varied susceptibilities to TGF-β1 were tested by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. The expression changes of Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, Smad7, TIEG1 and TIEG2 gene following treatment with TGF-β1 in a TGF-β-sensitive hepatocyte cell line (MIHA), a TGF-β-sensitive hepatoma cell line (Hep3B) and two TGF-β-insensitive hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Bel7404) were examined. SiRNA targeting TIEG1 was transfected into Hep3B cells and the sensitivity of cells to TGF-β1 was examined. Overexpression of TIEG1 was induced by lentiviral-mediated transduction in TGF-β1-resistant hepatoma cell lines (Bel7404 and HepG2). MTT assay and 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used to identify cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The expression level of stathmin was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western-blotting analysis, and stathmin promoter activity by TIEG1 was monitored by a luciferase reporter gene system.
RESULTS: TIEG1 was significantly upregulated by TGF-β1 in the TGF-β1-sensitive HCC cell line, Hep3B, but not in the resistant cell lines. The suppression of TIEG1 by siRNAs decreased the sensitivity of Hep3B cells to TGF-β1, whereas the overexpression of TIEG1 mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in TGF-β1-resistant HCC cell lines, which resembled those of TGF-β1-sensitive HCC cells treated with TGF-β1. Our data further suggested that stathmin was a direct target of TIEG1, as stathmin was significantly downregulated by TIEG1 overexpression, and stathmin promoter activity was inhibited by TIEG1 in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that transactivation of TIEG1 conferred growth inhibition of TGF-β-susceptible human HCC cells.
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Cheng YW, Chen YI, Tzeng CY, Chen HC, Tsai CC, Lee YC, Lin JG, Lai YK, Chang SL. Extracts of Cordyceps militaris
Lower Blood Glucose via the Stimulation of Cholinergic Activation and Insulin Secretion in Normal Rats. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1173-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine; Lee's General Hospital; Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Ying-I Chen
- College of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Orthopedics; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung City Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chun Tsai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, E-DA Hospital; I-SHOU University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate; I-SHOU University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- College of Life Sciences; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung City Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications; Da-Yeh University; Changhua Taiwan
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18
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Peng TI, Hsiao CW, Reiter RJ, Tanaka M, Lai YK, Jou MJ. mtDNA T8993G mutation-induced mitochondrial complex V inhibition augments cardiolipin-dependent alterations in mitochondrial dynamics during oxidative, Ca(2+), and lipid insults in NARP cybrids: a potential therapeutic target for melatonin. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:93-106. [PMID: 21812817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics including morphological fission and mitochondrial movement are essential to normal mitochondrial and cellular physiology. This study investigated how mtDNA T8993G (NARP)-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex V altered mitochondrial dynamics in association with a protective mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), as a potential therapeutic target. NARP cybrids harboring 98% of mtDNA T8993G genes and its parental osteosarcoma 143B cells were studied for comparison, and protection provided by melatonin, a potent mitochondrial protector, was explored. We demonstrate for the first time that NARP mutation significantly enhances apoptotic death as a result of three distinct lethal mitochondrial apoptotic insults including oxidative, Ca(2+), and lipid stress. In addition, NARP significantly augmented pathological depletion of CL. NARP-augmented depletion of CL results in enhanced retardation of mitochondrial movement and fission and later swelling of mitochondria during all insults. These results suggest that CL is a common and crucial pathological target for mitochondrial apoptotic insults. Furthermore, CL possibly plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics that are associated with NARP-augmented mitochondrial pathologies. Intriguingly, melatonin, by differentially preserving CL during various stresses (oxidation > Ca(2+) > lipid), rescues differentially CL-altered mitochondrial dynamics and cell death (oxidation > Ca(2+) > lipid). Thus, melatonin, in addition to being a mitochondrial antioxidant to antagonize mitochondrial oxidative stress, a mitochondrial permeability transition modulator to antagonize mitochondrial Ca(2+) stress, may stabilize directly CL to prevent its oxidization and/or depletion and, therefore, exerts great potential in rescuing CL-dependent mitochondrial dynamics-associated mitochondrial pathologies for treatment of NARP-induced pathologies and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Kee-Lung Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kee-Lung, Taiwan
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Hwang CH, Lin YL, Liu YK, Chen CH, Wu HY, Chang CC, Chang CY, Chang YK, Chiu YH, Liao KW, Lai YK. 7,7''-Dimethoxyagastisflavone-induced apoptotic or autophagic cell death in different cancer cells. Phytother Res 2011; 26:528-34. [PMID: 21915931 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
7,7''-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from the needles of Taxus × media cv. Hicksii, was evaluated for its antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects in three human cancer cell lines. Interestingly, DMGF caused cell death via different pathways in different cancer cells. DMGF induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3 activity and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. However, the apoptotic pathway is not the major pathway involved in DMGF-induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Treatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, significantly decreased DMGF-induced cell death in HepG2 and A549 cells, but did not affect DMGF-induced cell death in HT-29 cells. Following DMGF treatment, the HepG2 cells increased expression of LC3B-II, a marker used to monitor autophagy in cells. Thus, DMGF induced apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells, triggered both apoptotic and autophagic death in A549 cells and induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Li CF, Costa M, Bassi G, Lai YK, Michel F. Recurrent insertion of 5'-terminal nucleotides and loss of the branchpoint motif in lineages of group II introns inserted in mitochondrial preribosomal RNAs. RNA 2011; 17:1321-1335. [PMID: 21613530 PMCID: PMC3138568 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2655911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A survey of sequence databases revealed 10 instances of subgroup IIB1 mitochondrial ribosomal introns with 1 to 33 additional nucleotides inserted between the 5' exon and the consensus sequence at the intron 5' end. These 10 introns depart further from the IIB1 consensus in their predicted domain VI structure: In contrast to its basal helix and distal GNRA terminal loop, the middle part of domain VI is highly variable and lacks the bulging A that serves as the branchpoint in lariat formation. In vitro experiments using two closely related IIB1 members inserted at the same ribosomal RNA site in the basidiomycete fungi Grifola frondosa and Pycnoporellus fulgens revealed that both ribozymes are capable of efficient self-splicing. However, whereas the Grifola intron was excised predominantly as a lariat, the Pycnoporellus intron, which possesses six additional nucleotides at the 5' end, yielded only linear products, consistent with its predicted domain VI structure. Strikingly, all of the introns with 5' terminal insertions lack the EBS2 exon-binding site. Moreover, several of them are part of the small subset of group II introns that encode potentially functional homing endonucleases of the LAGLIDADG family rather than reverse transcriptases. Such coincidences suggest causal relationships between the shift to DNA-based mobility, the loss of one of the two ribozyme sites for binding the 5' exon, and the exclusive use of hydrolysis to initiate splicing.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Basidiomycota/genetics
- Basidiomycota/metabolism
- Grifola/genetics
- Introns/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/physiology
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Nucleotides/genetics
- Pycnoporus/genetics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA Precursors/chemistry
- RNA Precursors/genetics
- RNA Splicing
- RNA, Catalytic/chemistry
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Mitochondrial
- RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Li
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Maria Costa
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gurminder Bassi
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - François Michel
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Li GP, Wang H, Lai YK, Chen SC, Lin MCM, Lu G, Zhang JF, He XG, Qian CN, Kung HF. Proteomic profiling between CNE-2 and its strongly metastatic subclone S-18 and functional characterization of HSP27 in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Proteomics 2011; 11:2911-20. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huang IP, Sun SP, Cheng SH, Lee CH, Wu CY, Yang CS, Lo LW, Lai YK. Enhanced Chemotherapy of Cancer Using pH-Sensitive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Antagonize P-Glycoprotein–Mediated Drug Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:761-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jiang L, Lai YK, Zhang J, Wang H, Lin MC, He ML, Kung HF. Targeting S100P inhibits colon cancer growth and metastasis by Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference and proteomic analysis. Mol Med 2011; 17:709-16. [PMID: 21327297 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
S100P was recently found to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is considered a potential target for cancer therapy, but the functional role or mechanism of action of S100P in colon cancer is not fully understood. In the present study, we knocked down the gene expression of S100P in colon cancer cells using lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. This step resulted in significant inhibition of cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Moreover, S100P downstream target proteins were identified by proteomic analysis in colon cancer DLD-1 cells with deletion of S100P. Knockdown of S100P led to downregulation of thioredoxin 1 and β-tubulin and upregulation of Rho guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIA), all potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest that S100P plays an important role in colon tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the comprehensive and comparative analyses of proteins associated with S100P could contribute to understanding the downstream signal cascade of S100P, leading to tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wu CY, Huang CK, Chung CY, Huang IP, Hwu Y, Yang CS, Lai YK, Lo LW, Chiang SY. Probing the binding kinetics of proinflammatory cytokine–antibody interactions using dual color fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy. Analyst 2011; 136:2111-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Tsai JJ, Liao EC, Hsu JY, Lee WJ, Lai YK. The differences of eosinophil- and neutrophil-related inflammation in elderly allergic and non-allergic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Asthma 2010; 47:1040-4. [PMID: 20858153 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2010.491145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in the elderly population and is characterized by airway inflammation. Whether it is a progressive condition resulting from allergic inflammation or a distinct condition involving a pathogen-induced reaction remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of allergic inflammation in the pathogenesis of elderly COPD. METHODS A total of 63 elderly adults (21 mite-allergic COPD patients, 29 non-allergic COPD patients, and 13 normal controls) were recruited in this study. The serum-specific IgE for mites, level of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-8, leptin, adiponectin, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α), vitamin E, and glutathione (GSH) were determined. RESULTS The serum levels of GRO-α in patients with COPD were higher in comparison to normal controls (105.8 ± 32.7 vs. 7.5 ± 7.5 pg/mL, p= .021). Compared to patients with non-allergic COPD, patients with mite allergies had a higher serum level of IL-8 (63.2 ± 12.6 vs. 35.0 ± 8.2 pg/mL, p= .022). Although both IL-5 and RANTES levels were increased in COPD patients, there were no significant differences between allergic and non-allergic COPD. There were also no differences in serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, vitamin E, and GSH between COPD patients and normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The increased serum levels of GRO-α indicate that it may have potential as a candidate biomarker for elderly COPD patients. There was no difference of eosinophils-related chemokines in allergic and non-allergic COPD. These results indicated that both adipokines and eosinophil-related chemokines only play trivial roles in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw-Ji Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lo CW, Lai YK, Liu YT, Gallo RL, Huang CM. Staphylococcus aureus hijacks a skin commensal to intensify its virulence: immunization targeting β-hemolysin and CAMP factor. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:401-9. [PMID: 21085191 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The need for a new anti-Staphylococcus aureus therapy that can effectively cripple bacterial infection, neutralize secretory virulence factors, and lower the risk of creating bacterial resistance is undisputed. Here, we propose what is, to our knowledge, a previously unreported infectious mechanism by which S. aureus may commandeer Propionibacterium acnes, a key member of the human skin microbiome, to spread its invasion and highlight two secretory virulence factors (S. aureus β-hemolysin and P. acnes CAMP (Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson) factor) as potential molecular targets for immunotherapy against S. aureus infection. Our data demonstrate that the hemolysis and cytolysis by S. aureus were noticeably augmented when S. aureus was grown with P. acnes. The augmentation was significantly abrogated when the P. acnes CAMP factor was neutralized or β-hemolysin of S. aureus was mutated. In addition, the hemolysis and cytolysis of recombinant β-hemolysin were markedly enhanced by recombinant CAMP factor. Furthermore, P. acnes exacerbated S. aureus-induced skin lesions in vivo. The combination of CAMP factor neutralization and β-hemolysin immunization cooperatively suppressed the skin lesions caused by coinfection of P. acnes and S. aureus. These observations suggest a previously unreported immunotherapy targeting the interaction of S. aureus with a skin commensal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Tseng FJ, Chen YC, Lin YL, Tsai NM, Lee RP, Chung YS, Chen CH, Liu YK, Huang YS, Hwang CH, Lai YK, Liao KW. A fusion protein with the receptor-binding domain of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an antagonist of angiogenesis in cancer treatment: Simultaneous blocking of VEGF receptor-1 and 2. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:865-73. [PMID: 20818186 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.9.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that signals through VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, which are expressed preferentially in proliferating endothelial cells. Thus, simultaneous blockage of both VEGF receptors may provide a more efficient therapeutic response in cancer treatment. We created a recombinant fusion protein (RBDV-IgG1 Fc), which is composed of the receptor binding domain of human VEGF-A (residues 8-109) and the Fc region of human IgG1 immunoglobulin. The recombinant protein can bind to both mouse VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to decrease VEGF-induced proliferation and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro. In this study, the RBDV-IgG1 Fc fusion protein reduced the effects of proliferation, migration and tube formation induced by VEGF in murine endothelial cells in vitro. In vivo tumor therapy with RBDV-IgG1 Fc resulted in tumor inhibition by reducing angiogenesis. Pathological evidence also shows that RBDV-IgG1 Fc can seriously damage vessels, causing the death of tumor cells. These findings suggest that this chimeric protein has potential as an angiogenesis antagonist in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jen Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Armed Forces Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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Ko CH, Tsai CH, Tu J, Lee HY, Ku LT, Kuo PA, Lai YK. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel thermostable xylanase from Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Lin CS, He PJ, Hsu WT, Wu MS, Wu CJ, Shen HW, Hwang CH, Lai YK, Tsai NM, Liao KW. Helicobacter pylori-derived Heat shock protein 60 enhances angiogenesis via a CXCR2-mediated signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:283-9. [PMID: 20580690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a potent carcinogen associated with gastric cancer malignancy. Recently, H. pylori Heat shock protein 60 (HpHSP60) has been reported to promote cancer development by inducing chronic inflammation and promoting tumor cell migration. This study demonstrates a role for HpHSP60 in angiogenesis, a necessary precursor to tumor growth. We showed that HpHSP60 enhanced cell migration and tube formation, but not cell proliferation, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HpHSP60 also indirectly promoted HUVEC proliferation when HUVECs were co-cultured with supernatants collected from HpHSP60-treated AGS or THP-1 cells. The angiogenic array showed that HpHSP60 dramatically induced THP-1 cells and HUVECs to produce the chemotactic factors IL-8 and GRO. Inhibition of CXCR2, the receptor for IL-8 and GRO, or downstream PLCbeta2/Ca2+-mediated signaling, significantly abolished HpHSP60-induced tube formation. In contrast, suppression of MAP K or PI3 K signaling did not affect HpHSP60-mediated tubulogenesis. These data suggest that HpHSP60 enhances angiogenesis via CXCR2/PLCbeta2/Ca2+ signal transduction in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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Chang KC, Lo CW, Fan TC, Chang MDT, Shu CW, Chang CH, Chung CT, Fang SL, Chao CC, Tsai JJ, Lai YK. TNF-alpha mediates eosinophil cationic protein-induced apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:6. [PMID: 20089176 PMCID: PMC2819994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic granulocytes are important for the human immune system. Many cationic proteins with cytotoxic activities, such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), are released from activated eosinophils. ECP, with low RNase activity, is widely used as a biomarker for asthma. ECP inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis to cells. However, the specific pathway underlying the mechanisms of ECP-induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigated ECP-induced apoptosis in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and elucidated the specific pathway during apoptosis. Results To address the mechanisms involved in ECP-induced apoptosis in human BEAS-2B cells, investigation was carried out using chromatin condensation, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), sub-G1 distribution in cell cycle, annexin V labeling, and general or specific caspase inhibitors. Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis was demonstrated by cleavage of caspase-8 after recombinant ECP treatment, accompanied with elevated level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, ECP-induced apoptosis was effectively inhibited in the presence of neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody. Conclusion In conclusion, our results have demonstrated that ECP increased TNF-α production in BEAS-2B cells and triggered apoptosis by caspase-8 activation through mitochondria-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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31
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Tuan TF, Tsai ML, Yeh KC, Huang HC, Chung CT, Huang CL, Han CH, Chen CP, Wang MH, Shen CC, Lai YK, Lee WS, Hwang LL, Chen CT. Intravenous paclitaxel against metastasis of human gastric tumors of diffuse type. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 66:773-83. [PMID: 20044750 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer is one of the leading cancerous diseases worldwide. It is diagnosed often at the advanced stage for which chemotherapy is the main treatment option. The prognosis remains poor for metastatic, especially the diffuse type, gastric cancers. We investigated the efficacy of intravenously administered paclitaxel treating metastases of locally disseminated gastric tumors of diffuse type. METHODS Transfection of green fluorescent proteins (GFP)-expressing plasmid into human gastric cancer MKN45 cells of diffuse type was performed, and MKN45-GFP cells constitutively expressing GFP were isolated. The MKN45-GFP cells were orthotopically inoculated into the mouse peritoneal cavity, and tumor growth and organ metastases were monitored. Liver metastases were harvested, re-inoculated, monitored for liver metastases again, and harvested for further inoculation. This in vivo selection procedure was repeated to isolate a subline with high metastatic abilities demonstrated by in vitro invasion abilities using Transwell((R)) system. By visualizing the GFP-expressing tumors, the effects of intravenously administered paclitaxel against the growing peritoneally disseminated and metastasized tumors in nude mice without laparotomy were measured. RESULTS An in vivo selected gastric cancer cell line MKN45-GFP-ip4 with high metastatic ability was established. Its invasion ability was inhibited by paclitaxel treatments in vitro. The growths of metastatic and intraperitoneally disseminated MKN45-GFP-ip4 tumors were significantly suppressed by intravenous paclitaxel treatments in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS We found that intravenous paclitaxel is active against the metastases of human gastric cancer of peritoneal diffuse type, which warrants further investigations on optimizing the perioperative regimens with intravenous paclitaxel therapy for gastric cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Fan Tuan
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Chen PY, Chang WSW, Lai YK, Wu CW. c-Myc regulates the coordinated transcription of brain disease-related PDCD10-SERPINI1 bidirectional gene pair. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 42:23-32. [PMID: 19442737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two brain disease-related genes, one coding for the protease inhibitor SERPINI1 which is down-regulated in brain tumors, and the other for the PDCD10 programmed cell death gene which is often mutated in cerebral cavernous malformation, are closely adjacent in a head-to-head configuration and separated by only 851 bp on human chromosome 3q26. The 851-bp intergenic region contains a GC-rich 175-bp minimal bidirectional promoter which is essential for transcriptional activation of the two flanking genes. The oncogenic c-Myc transcription factor was identified to bind to a non-canonical E-box element (5'-CATGCG-3') of the minimal bidirectional promoter to drive both gene expressions. Methylation at the specific C nucleotide within the E-box sequence (5'-CATG(m)CG-3'), however, would severely interfere with the binding of c-Myc to the E-box. These results suggest that c-Myc plays an important role in regulating the coordinated transcription of the PDCD10-SERPINI1 bidirectional gene pair, and is possibly involved in differential expressions of these two neighboring genes in central nervous system diseases such as brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
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Lo CW, Chang YS, Chao CC, Chang MDT, Chang KC, Lai YK. Control mechanisms of differential translation of Hsp90 isoforms in 9L rat gliosarcoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:418-27. [PMID: 19308988 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the differential expression of heat shcok proteins, Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta was extensively studied in many kinds of cells, the post-transcriptional regulation of Hsp90 isoforms remains unclear. In control and GA-treated rat gliosarcoma cells, it has been reported that the translational efficiency of hsp90alpha is higher than hsp90beta. In this study, we present evidences identifying the roles for leaky scanning and 5'-UTR sequence in translational regulation of Hsp90beta. The result of in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) experiment showed that hsp90alpha exhibited higher translation efficiency than hsp90beta. Sequence analysis revealed that there is an out-of-frame downstream AUG codon in hsp90beta gene. However, elimination of the downstream AUG by site-directly mutagenesis or introducing Kozak context sequence around the initiator AUG of hsp90beta open reading frame increased its translational efficiency, which indicated that leaky scanning might be a possible mechanism regulating hsp90beta. Furthermore, we also constructed a firefly luciferase reporter system to verify the effect of subsequent translation at the downstream out-of-frame AUG codon in 9L and A549 cells. Furthermore, it is believed that 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) also plays a significant role in translational control. We showed hsp90beta 5'-UTR gives rise to the reduction of the translation efficiency in IVTT experiment. Additionally, the reductive effect of hsp90beta 5'-UTR was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assay using truncated deletion analyses of 5'-UTR of hsp90beta. Our results support the hypothesis that ribosome leaky scanning mechanism and 5'-UTR sequence acts as negative regulators in hsp90beta mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin FY, Lai YK, Yu HC, Chen NY, Chang CY, Lo HC, Hsu TH. Effects of Lycium barbarum extract on production and immunomodulatory activity of the extracellular polysaccharopeptides from submerged fermentation culture of Coriolus versicolor. Food Chem 2008; 110:446-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chao CC, Sun FC, Wang CH, Lo CW, Chang YS, Chang KC, Chang MDT, Lai YK. Concerted actions of multiple transcription elements confer differential transactivation of HSP90 isoforms in geldanamycin-treated 9L rat gliosarcoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1286-96. [PMID: 18320580 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HSP90 chaperones are transducer proteins of many signaling pathways in cells. Using a highly specific inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), an increasing number of the HSP90 client proteins have been identified. Nevertheless, there is little information on the differential transactivation of the two isoforms of the hsp90 genes, hsp90alpha and beta, in cells under stress conditions. Here, we demonstrate the differential expression of the HSP90 isoforms, HSP90alpha and beta, in rat gliosarcoma 9L cells using a modified SDS-PAGE system that allowed us to distinguish the isoforms. We subsequently assessed the transcriptional controls involving the transcription elements located in the promoter regions of the hsp90 genes. At the protein level, HSP90alpha is more responsive to GA in terms of rate of de novo synthesis and amount of accumulation, as shown by metabolic-labeling and Western-blotting analyses. Upregulation of the hsp90 genes was demonstrated by real-time qPCR. The promoter elements hsp90alpha-HSE2 and hsp90beta-HSE1 were also identified to be the major transcription elements involved in GA-activated gene expression, as shown by EMSA, whereas the results of supershift showed that the transcription factor HSF1 is also involved. Moreover, EMSA results of analysis of the GC box showed differences in both the initial amounts and inductive response of hsp90s transcripts, whereas analysis of the TATA box showed GA responsiveness in hsp90alpha only. Collectively, these results indicate that GA exerts its regulatory effects through transcription elements including heat-shock elements (HSEs), GC boxes and TATA boxes, resulting in differential transactivation of hsp90alpha and hsp90beta in rat gliosarcoma 9L cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Chao
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
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Shu CW, Sun FC, Cho JH, Lin CC, Liu PF, Chen PY, Chang MDT, Fu HW, Lai YK. GRP78 and Raf-1 cooperatively confer resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:627-35. [PMID: 18064632 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone glucose-regulated protein, 78/immunoglobulin binding protein (GRP78/Bip), protects cells from cytotoxicity induced by DNA damage or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, we showed that GRP78 is a major inducible protein in human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells treated with ER stress inducers, including A23187 and thapsigargin. AEBSF, an inhibitor of serine protease, diminished GRP78 induction, enhanced mitochondrial permeability, and augmented apoptosis in H460 cells during ER stress. Simultaneously, AEBSF promoted Raf-1 degradation and suppressed phosphorylation of Raf-1 at Ser338 and/or Tyr340 during ER stress. Coimmunoprecipitation assays and subcellular fractionations showed that GRP78 associated and colocalized with Raf-1 on the outer membrane of mitochondria, respectively. While treatment of cells with ER stress inducers inactivated BAD by phosphorylation at Ser75, a Raf-1 phosphorylation site; AEBSF attenuated phosphorylation of BAD, leading to cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Additionally, overexpression of GRP78 and/or Raf-1 protected cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that GRP78 may stabilize Raf-1 to maintain mitochondrial permeability and thus protect cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chang JM, Huang KL, Yuan TTT, Lai YK, Hung LM. The Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activity of Boehmeria nivea Extract in HBV-viremia SCID Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2008; 7:189-95. [PMID: 18955304 PMCID: PMC2862930 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Boehmeria nivea extract (BNE) is widely used in southern Taiwan as a folk medicine for hepato-protection and hepatitis treatment. In previous studies, we demonstrated that BNE could reduce the supernatant hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in HBV-producing HepG2 2.2.15 cells. In the present study, we established an animal model of HBV viremia and used it to validate the efficacy of BNE in vivo. In this animal model, serum HBV DNA and HBsAg were elevated in accordance with tumor growth. To evaluate the anti-HBV activity of BNE, HBV-viremia mice were built up after one subcutaneous inoculation of HepG2 2.2.15 tumor cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice over 13 days. The levels of serum HBV DNA were elevated around 10(5)-10(6) copies per milliliter. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of BNE were effective at inhibiting the production of HBsAg and HBV DNA, whereas tumor growth was not affected by all test articles. Intraperitoneal administration of BNE appeared to have greater potential to inhibit serum HBV DNA levels compared with oral administration under the same dosage. Notably, reduced natural killer cell activity was also observed after high dosage of BNE administration, and this correlated with reduced serum HBV DNA. In conclusion, BNE exhibited potential anti-HBV activity in an animal model of HBV viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Chang
- Division of Research and Development, Development Center for Biotechnology, Xizhi City, Taipei County, Taiwan 221, Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 and Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan 515, R.O.C
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Abstract
The molecular mechanism behind what causes an infection of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) in young children to result in severe neurological diseases is unclear. Herein, we show that Cdk5, a critical signalling effector of various neurotoxic insults in the brain, is activated by EV71 infection of neuronal cells. EV71-induced neuronal apoptosis could be effectively repressed by blocking either Cdk5 kinase activity or its protein expression. Moreover, EV71-induced Cdk5 activation was modulated by c-Abl. The suppression of c-Abl kinase activity by STI571 notably repressed both the Cdk5 activation and neuronal apoptosis in cells infected with EV71. Although EV71 also induces apoptosis in non-neuronal cells, it did not affect Abl and Cdk5 activities in several non-neuronal cell lines. Intriguingly, coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), a genetically closely related serotype to EV71 that usually does not induce severe neurological disorders, could only weakly stimulate Abl, but not Cdk5 kinase activity. Taken together, our data suggest a serotype- and cell type-specific mechanism, by which EV71 induces Abl kinase activity, which in turn triggers Cdk5-signalling for neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Chi Chen
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Huang KS, Lo WH, Chung YC, Lai YK, Chen CY, Chou ST, Hu YC. Combination of Baculovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery and Packed-Bed Reactor for Scalable Production of Adeno-Associated Virus. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:1161-70. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shiang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa 515, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ting Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Lin CC, Hsu JTA, Huang KL, Tang HK, Shu CW, Lai YK. Sf-Caspase-1-repressed stable cells: resistance to apoptosis and augmentation of recombinant protein production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2007; 48:11-9. [PMID: 17472583 DOI: 10.1042/ba20070044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sf-Caspase-1 [Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) caspase-1] is the most studied effector caspase of Lepidoptera and its activation may lead cells to apoptosis (programmed cell death) when under UV irradiation or baculovirus infection. In the present study, we repressed the expression of Sf-caspase-1 in Sf9 (S. frugiperda 9) cells using constitutive RNA interference, and evaluated the effects of stress responses and the production of proteins in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells. The Sf-caspase-1-repressed stable cells, Sf9/pIBdsCasp-1 and Sf9/pIBdsCasp-2, showed a significant increase in resistance to UV- and baculovirus-induced apoptosis. These cells produced higher levels of both intracellular (luciferase) and extracellular [SEAP (secreted alkaline phosphatase)] recombinant proteins than the parental cells when infected with recombinant baculovirus. Thus Sf-caspase-1-repressed stable cells have a greater ability to adapt to various culture conditions, and also to provide the benefits of high-level protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chang HT, Kao YL, Wu CM, Fan TC, Lai YK, Huang KL, Chang YS, Tsai JJ, Chang MDT. Signal peptide of eosinophil cationic protein upregulates transforming growth factor-alpha expression in human cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1266-75. [PMID: 17063486 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a major component of eosinophil granule protein that is used as a clinical bio-marker for asthma and allergic inflammatory diseases. Previously, it has been reported that the signal peptide of human ECP (ECPsp) inhibits the cell growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris), but not mammalian A431 cells. The inhibitory effect is due to the lack of human signal peptide peptidase (hSPP), a protease located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, in the lower organisms. In this study, we show that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is upregulated by the exogenous ECPsp-eGFP as a result of the increased expression of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) at both transcriptional and translational levels in A431 and HL-60 clone 15 cell lines. Furthermore, the N-terminus of ECPsp fragment generated by the cleavage of hSPP (ECPspM1-G17) gives rise to over threefold increase of TGF-alpha protein expression, whereas another ECPsp fragment (ECPspL18-A27) and the hSPP-resistant ECPsp (ECPspG17L) do not show similar effect. Our results indicate that the ECPspM1-G17 plays a crucial role in the upregulation of TGF-alpha, suggesting that the ECPsp not only directs the secretion of mature ECP, but also involves in the autocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Teng Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yang DG, Chung YC, Lai YK, Lai CW, Liu HJ, Hu YC. Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin display on baculovirus envelope: cytoplasmic domain affects virus properties and vaccine potential. Mol Ther 2007; 15:989-96. [PMID: 17375072 DOI: 10.1038/mt.sj.6300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major immunogen on the envelope of avian influenza virus (AIV). Therefore we constructed two recombinant baculoviruses: Bac-HA, expressing histidine-tagged HA with the cytoplasmic domain (CTD) derived from HA, and Bac-HA64, expressing histidine-tagged HA with the CTD derived from baculovirus envelope protein gp64. After infection, HA with either CTD was expressed and anchored on the plasma membrane of Sf-9 cells, as revealed by confocal microscopy. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that both Bac-HA and Bac-HA64 displayed HA on the viral surface. However, analyses of purified viruses revealed that significantly more HA was incorporated into Bac-HA64 than into Bac-HA. In comparison with Bac-HA, Bac-HA64 significantly improved the gene delivery and transgene expression in mammalian cells, as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Bac-HA64 elicited significantly higher hemagglutination inhibition titers in mouse models than Bac-HA and the negative controls. These data collectively confirmed that the gp64 CTD, in comparison with HA CTD, resulted in more efficient HA incorporation into baculovirus, more efficient transgene delivery and expression, and elevated immunogenicity. This is the first report demonstrating the potential of HA-pseudotyped baculovirus as an avian influenza vaccine and that the choice of CTD tremendously affects baculovirus properties and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Gang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua, University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Chen CC, Tai DY, Ho P, Lai YK, Lin JJ, Mao SJT, Lin CC, Hsieh YC, Chiang HC, Dai KS. Clinical evaluation of the eBsensor hand-held blood glucose monitoring system. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 377:170-3. [PMID: 17097079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home glucose monitoring system is increasingly recognized as an important tool for glycemic control. We evaluated the clinical performance of the eBsensor glucose monitoring system. METHODS Fingertip capillary blood glucose concentrations from 282 subjects were measured using eBsensor glucose monitoring system and compared against predicate devices and the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) 2300 blood glucose analyzer. Accuracy and precision of the eBsensor glucose monitoring system were assessed using several methods. The comparative study between the eBsensor and 2 currently marketed monitoring systems was performed. RESULTS The 282 eBsensor readings covered a wide range from 2.6 to 24.4 mmol/l. Deming regression and Pearson correlation analyses showed a linear relationship between the eBsensor readings and the YSI reference method (eBsensor=0.9496 YSI+0.4127 mmol/l; r=0.98). Error Grid analysis demonstrated that 100% of the eBsensor readings in clinically acceptable zones A and B. The CVs for the 6 lots of strips were within the satisfactory interval (<6%). The comparative study showed that the eBsensor readings correlated well with the OneTouch Ultra values (r=0.97) and the Glucocard II values (r=0.97). CONCLUSIONS eBsensor is a reliable glucose monitoring system which provides high accurate and precise glucose readings over a wide range of glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chen
- Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, and The Institude of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hou ML, Huang SY, Lai YK, Lee WC. Geldanamycin augments nitric oxide production and promotes capacitation in boar spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 104:56-68. [PMID: 17280805 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction are fundamentally important to fertilization. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have various functions in male reproduction. This work investigates whether boar sperm can generate NO, as well as the effects of NO and geldanamycin (GA), a heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90)-specific inhibitor, on the capacitation of boar spermatozoa. Observations showed that porcine sperm produced low levels of NO under non-capacitating conditions. However, the NO concentration almost doubled under capacitating conditions (P<0.001). Treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reduced the production of NO by 30-40% in capacitating sperm (P<0.05). GA treatment increased it by 23-75% in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). L-NAME treatment reduced the percentage of sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction, whereas sodium nitroprusside, an NO-releasing compound, and GA treatment increased the percentage of sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction (P<0.05). GA treatment promoted the production of NO and the acrosome reaction. The increase in NO production by GA treatment was similar to that caused by the calcium ionophore, A23187, suggesting that the GA-induced acrosome reaction may be triggered by an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration. The signaling pathway involved in GA-mediated NO production and its biological function in fertilizing boar spermatozoa will be elucidated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Hou
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, PO Box 23, Chunan, Miaoli 35099, Taiwan
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Chen PY, Chang WSW, Chou RH, Lai YK, Lin SC, Chi CY, Wu CW. Two non-homologous brain diseases-related genes, SERPINI1 and PDCD10, are tightly linked by an asymmetric bidirectional promoter in an evolutionarily conserved manner. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:2. [PMID: 17212813 PMCID: PMC1796892 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite of the fact that mammalian genomes are far more spacious than prokaryotic genomes, recent nucleotide sequencing data have revealed that many mammalian genes are arranged in a head-to-head orientation and separated by a small intergenic sequence. Extensive studies on some of these neighboring genes, in particular homologous gene pairs, have shown that these genes are often co-expressed in a symmetric manner and regulated by a shared promoter region. Here we report the identification of two non-homologous brain disease-related genes, with one coding for a serine protease inhibitor (SERPINI1) and the other for a programmed cell death-related gene (PDCD10), being tightly linked together by an asymmetric bidirectional promoter in an evolutionarily conserved fashion. This asymmetric bidirectional promoter, in cooperation with some cis-acting elements, is responsible for the co-regulation of the gene expression pattern as well as the tissue specificity of SERPINI1 and PDCD10. RESULTS While SERPINI1 is predominantly expressed in normal brain and down-regulated in brain tumors, PDCD10 is ubiquitously expressed in all normal tissues but its gene transcription becomes aberrant in different types of cancers. By measuring the luciferase activity in various cell lysates, their 851-bp intergenic sequence was shown to be capable of driving the reporter gene expression in either direction. A 175-bp fragment from nt 1 to 175 in the vicinity of PDCD10 was further determined to function as a minimal bidirectional promoter. A critical regulatory fragment, from nt 176-473 outside the minimal promoter in the intergenic region, was identified to contain a strong repressive element for SERPINI1 and an enhancer for PDCD10. These cis-acting elements may exist to help coordinate the expression and regulation of the two flanking genes. CONCLUSION For all non-homologous genes that have been described to be closely adjacent in the mammalian genomes, the intergenic region of the head-to-head PDCD10-SERPINI1 gene pair provides an interesting and informative example of a complex regulatory system that governs the expression of both genes not only through an asymmetric bidirectional promoter, but also through fine-tuned regulations with some cis-acting elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yen Chen
- President's Laboratory and Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wun-Shaing W Chang
- President's Laboratory and Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- President's Laboratory and Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County 515, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- President's Laboratory and Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yi Chi
- President's Laboratory and Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- President's Laboratory and Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
AIM: To explore the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) effects of Boehmeria nivea (B. nivea) root extract (BNE) by using the HepG2 2.2.15 cell model system.
METHODS: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg), and HBV DNA were measured by using ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Viral DNA replication and RNA expression were determined by using Southern and Northern blot, respectively.
RESULTS: In HepG2 2.2.15 cells, HBeAg (60%, P < 0.01) and particle-associated HBV DNA (> 99%, P < 0.01) secretion into supernatant were significantly inhibited by BNE at a dose of 100 mg/L, whereas the HBsAg was not inhibited. With different doses of BNE, the reduced HBeAg was correlated with the inhibition of HBV DNA. The anti-HBV effect of BNE was not caused by its cytotoxicity to cells or inhibition of viral DNA replication and RNA expression.
CONCLUSION: BNE could effectively reduce the HBV production and its anti-HBV machinery might differ from the nucleoside analogues.
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MESH Headings
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Boehmeria/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxins/pharmacology
- DNA Replication/drug effects
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B virus/drug effects
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Plant Extracts/analysis
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Huang
- Division of Research and Development, Development Center for Biotechnology, Xizhi City, Taipei County, Taiwan 221, China
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Chen LC, Lai YK, Wu SC, Lin CC, Guo JH. Production by Clonostachys compactiuscula of a lovastatin esterase that converts lovastatin to monacolin J. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen TC, Chen GW, Hsiung CA, Yang JY, Shih SR, Lai YK, Juang JL. Combining multiplex reverse transcription-PCR and a diagnostic microarray to detect and differentiate enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2212-9. [PMID: 16757623 PMCID: PMC1489440 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02393-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster A enteroviruses, including enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), are known to cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). Despite the close genetic relationship between these two viruses, EV71 is generally known to be a more perpetuating pathogen involved in severe clinical manifestations and deaths. While the serotyping of enteroviruses is mostly done by conventional immunological methods, many clinical isolates remain unclassifiable due to the limited number of antibodies against enterovirus surface proteins. Array-based assays are able to detect several serotypes with high accuracy. We combined an enterovirus microarray with multiplex reverse transcription-PCR to try to develop a method of sensitively and accurately detecting and differentiating EV71 and CA16. In an effort to design serotype-specific probes for detection of the virus, we first did an elaborate bioinformatic analysis of the sequence database derived from different enterovirus serotypes. We then constructed a microarray using 60-mer degenerate oligonucleotide probes covalently bound to array slides. Using this enterovirus microarray to study 144 clinical specimens from patients infected with HFMD or suspected to have HFMD, we found that it had a diagnostic accuracy of 92.0% for EV71 and 95.8% for CA16. Diagnostic accuracy for other enteroviruses (non-EV71 or -CA16) was 92.0%. All specimens were analyzed in parallel by real-time PCR and subsequently confirmed by neutralization tests. This highly sensitive array-based assay may become a useful alternative in clinical diagnostics of EV71 and CA16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Chi Chen
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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49
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Chang YS, Lo CW, Sun FC, Chang MDT, Lai YK. Differential expression of Hsp90 isoforms in geldanamycin-treated 9L cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:37-44. [PMID: 16630568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, two major Hsp90 isoforms (Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta) have been identified and found to be highly conserved among different species. However, the expression control of Hsp90 isoforms at both transcriptional and translational levels is largely unknown. Herein, we quantitatively investigate the changes in the total mRNA and inductive protein levels of Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta in rat gliosarcoma cells treated with geldanamycin (GA). The stability of mRNA and protein was estimated. The translational efficiency of Hsp90 isoforms was measured employing in vitro translation techniques. It was found that Hsp90alpha was more inducible than Hsp90beta after GA treatment, whereas the hsp90alpha mRNA level was lower than that of hsp90beta. In addition, higher translational efficiency of hsp90alpha mRNA was observed, suggesting that translational control played an important role. Taken together, our results indicate that differential expression between Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta is a consequence of both distinct mRNA profiles and differential translation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuo-Sheng Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
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50
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Lai CW, Chan ZR, Yang DG, Lo WH, Lai YK, Chang MDT, Hu YC. Accelerated induction of apoptosis in insect cells by baculovirus-expressed SARS-CoV membrane protein. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3829-34. [PMID: 16797548 PMCID: PMC7094299 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) 3a and 7a proteins, but not membrane (M) protein, induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Upon expression of SARS‐CoV M protein using the baculovirus/insect cell expression system, however, we found that the expressed M protein triggered accelerated apoptosis in insect cells, as characterized by rapid cell death, elevated cytotoxicity, cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Conversely, the M protein expressed in mammalian cells did not induce apoptosis. This is the first report describing the induction of apoptosis by SARS‐CoV M protein in animal cells and possible implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Zun-Ren Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Gang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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