1
|
De Feo M, Paladini A, Ferri C, Carducci A, Del Pinto R, Varrassi G, Grassi D. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Cocoa: A Review on Future Perspectives in Treatment of Pain. Pain Ther 2020; 9:231-240. [PMID: 32314320 PMCID: PMC7203300 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa has been reported to have medicinal properties. It contains a wide range of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, which have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, and also to have a positive effect on pain. Other components of cocoa might be able to positively influence pain perception through various mechanisms. Despite encouraging results from preclinical studies, there is a lack of evidence of antinociceptive effects of cocoa from clinical trials in humans. Further research is needed to better identify the active principles in cocoa, to understand the underlying mechanisms of action, and to establish efficacy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Feo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Augusto Carducci
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giustino Varrassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tao J, Jiang F, Liu C, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Xu J, Ge Y, Xu K, Yin P. Modulatory effects of bufalin, an active ingredient from toad venom on voltage-gated sodium channels. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:721-740. [PMID: 29931533 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chan-su (toad venom) has been used as an analgesic agent in China from ancient to modern times. Bufalin, a non-peptide toxin extracted from toad venom, is considered as one of the analgesic components. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti-nociceptive effects of bufalin remains unclear so far. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of bufalin on pain-related ion channels as well as animal models through patch clamping, calcium imaging and animal behavior observation. Using the whole-cell recording, bufalin caused remarkable suppressive effect on the peak currents of Nav channels (voltage gated sodium channels, VGSCs) of dorsal root ganglion neuroblastomas (ND7-23 cell) in a dose-dependent manner. Bufalin facilitated the voltage-dependent activation and induced a negative shift on the fast inactivation of VGSCs. The recovery kinetics of VGSCs were significantly slowed and the recovery proportion were reduced after administering bufalin. However, bufalin prompted no significant effect not only on Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and BK channels heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells, but also on the capsaicin and allyl isothiocyanate induced Ca2+ influx. What's more, bufalin could observably relieve formalin-induced spontaneous flinching and licking response as well as carrageenan-induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in dose-dependent manner in agreement with the results of in vitro experiments. The present results imply that the remarkable anti-nociceptive effects produced by bufalin are probably ascribed to its specific regulation on Nav channels. Bufalin inhibits the Nav channels in a dose-dependent manner, which will provide references for the optimal dose selection of analgesia drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tao
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Xinhua Hospital (Chongming) Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Chongming Xinhua Translational Medical Institute for Cancer Pain, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Ge
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peihao Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen SR, Ke YY, Yeh TK, Lin SY, Ou LC, Chen SC, Chang WT, Chang HF, Wu ZH, Hsieh CC, Law PY, Loh HH, Shih C, Lai YK, Yeh SH, Ueng SH. Discovery, structure-activity relationship studies, and anti-nociceptive effects of N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinylmethyl)benzamides as novel opioid receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:202-217. [PMID: 27776274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are analgesics used clinically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, but their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, dependence, and rewarding effects. In this study, we identified N-({2-[(4-bromo-2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinyl}methyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (1) as a novel opioid receptor agonist by high-throughput screening. Structural modifications made to 1 to improve potency and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration resulted in compounds 45 and 46. Compound 45 was a potent MOR/KOR (κ-opioid receptor) agonist, and compound 46 was a potent MOR and medium KOR agonist. Both 45 and 46 demonstrated a significant anti-nociceptive effect in a tail-flick test performed in wild type (WT) B6 mice. The ED50 value of 46 was 1.059 mg/kg, and the brain concentrations of 45 and 46 were 7424 and 11696 ng/g, respectively. Accordingly, compounds 45 and 46 are proposed for lead optimization and in vivo disease-related pain studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ren Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Ou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Hua Ueng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|