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Altamura S, Pietropaoli D, Lombardi F, Del Pinto R, Ferri C. An Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology: The Impact of Gut Dysbiosis and Oral Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3033. [PMID: 38002033 PMCID: PMC10669155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe condition and a significant public health issue worldwide, carrying the burden of an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The traditional factors that promote the onset and progression of CKD are cardiometabolic risk factors like hypertension and diabetes, but non-traditional contributors are escalating. Moreover, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and an impaired immune response are emerging as crucial mechanisms in the disease pathology. The gut microbiome and kidney disease exert a reciprocal influence commonly referred to as "the gut-kidney axis" through the induction of metabolic, immunological, and endocrine alterations. Periodontal diseases are strictly involved in the gut-kidney axis for their impact on the gut microbiota composition and for the metabolic and immunological alterations occurring in and reciprocally affecting both conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the dynamic biological interconnections between oral health status, gut, and renal pathophysiology, spotlighting the dynamic oral-gut-kidney axis and raising whether periodontal diseases and gut microbiota can be disease modifiers in CKD. By doing so, we try to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies that may enhance the clinical trajectory of CKD patients, ultimately advancing our quest for improved patient outcomes and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- PhD School in Medicine and Public Health, Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research—Dental Clinic, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research—Dental Clinic, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunopathology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (D.P.); (C.F.)
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Del Pinto R, Giua C, Keber E, Grippa E, Tilotta M, Ferri C. Correction to: Impact of 2021 ESC Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention on Hypertensive Patients Risk: Secondary Analysis of Save Your Heart Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:487. [PMID: 37702856 PMCID: PMC10600036 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Corrado Giua
- Società Italiana Farmacia Clinica (SIFAC), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Keber
- Società Italiana Farmacia Clinica (SIFAC), Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Agabiti Rosei C, Del Pinto R, Grassi G, Muiesan ML, Ferri C. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Related Medical and Lifestyle Interventions Among Italian Cardiovascular Specialists: A Proof-of-Concept Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:255-264. [PMID: 37155127 PMCID: PMC10165575 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physicians and researchers in the cardiovascular field are constantly engaged in the promotion of guidelines-directed preventive measures, but whether they are themselves adherent to the same recommendations was only sporadically examined. AIM To assess awareness of self-exposure to cardiovascular risk factors and related management among cardiovascular specialists. METHODS During the National Conference of the Italian Society of Hypertension (October 2022), a pilot observational study on consecutive volunteer cardiovascular specialists was conducted. Participants underwent standard sitting and standing blood pressure (BP) measurements and answered a questionnaire regarding modifiable/non modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and related treatments. Based on self-declarations and actual measurements, BP was classified as optimal, normal, high-normal BP, and new hypertension in untreated participants, and as treated/untreated pre-existing hypertension. Controlled hypertension was defined as BP < 140/90 mmHg; age-adjusted lower targets were also applied, according to guidelines. RESULTS In total, 62 participants (30 F, mean age 43.2 ± 14.8 years) were enrolled; 79% reported regular physical activity; 53% of women and 38% of men were on a low-salt diet. After smoke (19.4%), dyslipidemia was the second most common risk factor (17.7%), often occurring with high BP (26.3%) and left untreated (36.7%). Pre-existing hypertension (11.3%) was often uncontrolled (57.1%) and associated with non-adherence to guidelines-directed lifestyle recommendations. About one in 12 participants was unaware of having high measured BP values. CONCLUSIONS Despite the specific professional exposure, a margin for improvement in self cardiovascular risk factors awareness and management remains in this exploratory sample of cardiovascular specialists. This pilot research anticipates forthcoming, larger studies during national and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agabiti Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Pietropaoli D, Altamura S, Ortu E, Guerrini L, Pizarro TT, Ferri C, Del Pinto R. Association between metabolic syndrome components and gingival bleeding is women-specific: a nested cross-sectional study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:252. [PMID: 37038173 PMCID: PMC10088168 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of atherosclerotic risk factors that increases cardiovascular risk. MetS has been associated with periodontitis, but the contribution of single MetS components and any possible sexual dimorphism in this relation remain undetermined. METHODS Using the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we performed a nested cross-sectional study to test whether individuals aged > 30 years undergoing periodontal evaluation (population) exposed to ≥ 1 MetS component (exposure) were at increased risk of bleeding/non-bleeding periodontal diseases (outcome) compared to nonexposed individuals, propensity score matched for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and income (controls). The association between MetS components combinations and periodontal diseases was explored overall and across subgroups by sex and smoking. Periodontal health status prediction based on MetS components was assessed. RESULTS In total, 2258 individuals (n. 1129/group) with nested clinical-demographic features were analyzed. Exposure was associated with gingival bleeding (+ 18% risk for every unitary increase in MetS components, and triple risk when all five were combined), but not with stable periodontitis; the association was specific for women, but not for men, irrespective of smoking. The only MetS feature with significant association in men was high BP with periodontitis. CRP levels significantly increased from health to disease only among exposed women. MetS components did not substantially improve the prediction of bleeding/non-bleeding periodontal disease. CONCLUSION The observed women-specific association of gingival bleeding with single and combined MetS components advances gender and precision periodontology. Further research is needed to validate and expand these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Serena Altamura
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Guerrini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Altamura S, Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Ferri C. Oral health as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023:S1050-1738(23)00030-0. [PMID: 36963476 PMCID: PMC10517086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a high socioeconomic burden. Increasing evidence supports a convincing connection with increased cardiovascular risk of periodontal diseases (PD), a group of widespread, debilitating, and costly dysbiotic relapsing-remitting inflammatory diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth. Herein, we ensembled the best available evidence on the connection between CVDs and PD to review the recently emerging concept of the latter as a non-traditional risk factor for CVDs. We focused on oral dysbiosis, inflammation-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms, and epigenetic changes as potential causative links between PD and CVDs. The available evidence on the effects of periodontal treatment on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; PhD School in Medicine and Public Health
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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Del Pinto R, Landi L, Grassi G, Marco Sforza N, Cairo F, Citterio F, Paolantoni G, D'aiuto F, Ferri C, Monaco A, Pietropaoli D. Hypertension and periodontitis: A joint report by the Italian society of hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian society of periodontology and implantology (SIdP). Oral Dis 2023; 29:803-814. [PMID: 34561934 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low-grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cairo
- Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesco D'aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Del Pinto R, Giua C, Keber E, Grippa E, Tilotta M, Ferri C. Impact of 2021 ESC Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention on Hypertensive Patients Risk: Secondary Analysis of Save Your Heart Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:167-173. [PMID: 36906668 PMCID: PMC10090023 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death worldwide, and several modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors contribute to this burden of disability and mortality. Thus, effective cardiovascular prevention relies on appropriate strategies to control risk factors within the frame of unmodifiable traits. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of treated hypertensive adults aged ≥ 50 years enrolled in Save Your Heart. CVD risk and hypertension control rates based on the 2021 updated European Society of Cardiology guidelines were evaluated. Comparisons with previous standards in terms of risk stratification and hypertension control rates were performed. RESULTS Among the 512 patients evaluated, with the application of the new parameters for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular risk assessment, the proportion of individuals at high or very high risk rises from 48.7 to 77.1% of cases. A trend towards lower hypertension control rates was observed based on 2021 European guidelines compared with the 2018 edition (likelihood estimate for difference: 1.76%, 95% CI - 4.1 to 7.6%, p = 0.589). CONCLUSIONS In this secondary analysis on the Save Your Heart study, the application of the new parameters reported in the European Guidelines for Cardiovascular Prevention 2021 showed a hypertensive population with a very high probability of encountering a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event due to failure to control risk factors. For this reason, a better management of risk factors must be the main goal for the patient and all the involved stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Corrado Giua
- Società Italiana Farmacia Clinica (SIFAC), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Keber
- Società Italiana Farmacia Clinica (SIFAC), Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Grassi G, Muiesan ML, Monaco A, Cossolo M, Procaccini A, Ferri C. Home oral hygiene is associated with blood pressure profiles: Results of a nationwide survey in Italian pharmacies. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1234-1243. [PMID: 36089901 PMCID: PMC9826426 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Periodontal diseases are associated with cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, and whether home oral hygiene practices are inversely related to the same conditions could carry relevant practical implications. We investigated the association of home oral hygiene habits with hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS During World Hypertension Day 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted on volunteers ≥18 years at 733 Italian pharmacies. Participants underwent standardized blood pressure (BP) measurement and answered a questionnaire on cardiovascular risk factors, oral health status, and home oral hygiene habits (toothbrushing daily frequency and manual/electric toothbrush). The association between home oral care habits and BP was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Interactions between exposures and outcome were formally tested. RESULTS Among the 4506 participants (44.8% males, 66.1 ± 37.8 years), 47.6% reported brushing ≥3 times/day and 23.4% declared using the electric toothbrush. Brushing ≥3 versus <3 times/day and use of electric versus manual toothbrush were associated with 19% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.94) and 28% (OR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85) lower odds of hypertension, respectively. No significant additive interaction was observed in the association of exposures with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS Regular daily brushing and electric toothbrushing are associated with a better BP profile in a real-world context. Future interdisciplinary research is warranted to test these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
- Dept. of Medicine | Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Young Investigators Group of the Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Dept. of Medicine | Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research-Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
- Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy
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Del Pinto R, Ferri C. Iron deficiency in heart failure: diagnosis and clinical implications. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022; 24:I96-I99. [PMID: 36380788 PMCID: PMC9653155 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a widely prevalent finding in patients with heart failure, observed on average in 50% of outpatients and up to 80% of acute patients, regardless of the ejection fraction and the presence of anaemia, being an independent predictor of worst functional capacity and reduced survival. The definition of iron deficiency in heart failure considers the state of chronic inflammation that characterizes the pathology, recognizing a discriminating role for transferrin saturation. The studies conducted so far, which focused on the patient with heart failure with at least moderately reduced ejection fraction, have shown clinical benefit with intravenous supplementation of ferric carboxymaltose in terms of functional capacity, quality of life, laboratory markers of disease and inflammation, and possible reduction of re-hospitalizations, but not in terms of mortality. Based on this evidence, guidelines recommend intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in decompensated and iron-deficient patients, while research is at work to investigate the clinical impact of supplementation in contexts not yet examined, such as that of decompensation in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila
| | - Claudio Ferri
- UOC Internal Medicine and Nephrology and ESH Center of Excellence for Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention—S. Salvatore Regional Hospital , L’Aquila
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Carubbi F, Alunno A, Santilli J, Natali L, Mancini B, Di Gregorio N, Del Pinto R, Viscido A, Grassi D, Ferri C. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: new diagnoses and disease flares. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002460. [PMID: 36282905 PMCID: PMC9453424 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective New-onset immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and flares of pre-existing IMIDs have been reported following anti- SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Our study aimed at describing a retrospective cohort of patients developing new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs within 30 days after any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose. Methods We evaluated clinical records of all inpatients and outpatients referring to our institution between February 2021 and February 2022 with any clinical manifestations. We then selected those having received any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose within the prior 30 days and classified them as having or not a previous IMID according to predefined criteria. We recorded new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs and investigated any relationship with demographic, clinical and serological variables. Results 153 patients that received any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose within the previous 30 days were included of which 45 (29%) already had a diagnosis of IMID while 108 (71%) had no previously diagnosed IMID. 33 (30%) of the 108 patients, were diagnosed with a new-onset IMID. Pericarditis, polymyalgia rheumatica and vasculitis were the most frequent conditions. Among the 45 patients that already had an IMID, disease flare was the reason for referral in 69% of patients. Patients with an IMID flare had a lower number of comorbidities and tended to be younger compared with those who developed other conditions after anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Conclusion We provided a retrospective overview of a cohort of patients who developed new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs within 30 days after any dose of anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine. While vaccination campaigns proceed, postvaccination surveillance programmes are ongoing and hopefully will soon clarify whether a causal relationship between vaccines and new-onset/flares of IMIDs exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carubbi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jessica Santilli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Natali
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Bernardina Mancini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Gregorio
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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11
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Del Pinto R, Grassi G, Muiesan ML, Borghi C, Carugo S, Cicero AFG, Di Meo L, Iaccarino G, Minuz P, Mulatero P, Mulè G, Parati G, Pucci G, Salvetti M, Sarzani R, Savoia C, Sechi L, Tocci G, Volpe M, Vulpis V, Ferri C. World Hypertension Day 2021 in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Survey. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:353-359. [PMID: 35416590 PMCID: PMC9006201 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is the biggest contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases and related death, but the rates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control remain largely perfectible. Methods During the XVII World Hypertension Day (May 17th, 2021), a nationwide cross-sectional opportunistic study endorsed by the Italian Society of Hypertension was conducted on volunteer adults ≥ 18 years to raise awareness of high blood pressure (BP). A questionnaire on major demographic/clinical features (sex, age, employment, education, BP status awareness, hypertension family/personal history, antihypertensive medications use) and BP measurement habits (≥1 BP measurement in the previous month/week) was administered. Due to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, BP was measured with standard procedures in a subset of participants (24.4%). Results A total of 1354 participants (mean age 56.3 ± 15.3 years; 57.3% women; mean BP: 131.2 ± 17.5/81.6 ± 10.5 mmHg; 42.3% self-declared hypertensive; 41.4% on antihypertensive medications) were enrolled; 73.6% declared being aware of their BP status. Among treated individuals with measured BP, 26.9% showed BP levels within the predefined therapeutic goals. Interestingly, BP status awareness rates were the highest among individuals with uncontrolled hypertension (85.1%) and the lowest among those with normal measured BP (54.4%). Conclusions This survey provides an updated insight into hypertension awareness and control in a setting of daily clinical practice, emphasizing the centricity of patients in the therapeutic alliance for a successful reduction of cardiovascular risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40292-022-00519-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, G. Petrini str., 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.,Monza General Hospital, Via Amati, 111, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS S. Orsola-Malpighi Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Division of Cardiology, San Paolo University Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS S. Orsola-Malpighi Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Di Meo
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Center-ASL CE, District 14, Via Leonardo 10, Cellole, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Hypertension and Related Conditions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Unit of General Medicine for the Study and Treatment of Hypertensive Disease, Department of Medicine, Policlinico GB Rossi, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mulè
- Unit of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina, 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Salvetti
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 'Hypertension Excellence Centre' of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS INRCA, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University 'Politecnica delle Marche', via Tronto, 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sechi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology and Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Vulpis
- Department of Medicine "Pende-Ferrannini", Bari University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, G. Petrini str., 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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12
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Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Desideri G, Ferri C. Analysis of Aspirin Use and Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Among Adults With Hypertension and Controlled Systolic Blood Pressure. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e226952. [PMID: 35412629 PMCID: PMC9006111 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study investigates the association of aspirin use with risk of cardiovascular events among adults with hypertension and controlled systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Geriatrics Unit, SS Filippo e Nicola Hospital, Avezzano, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Italy
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13
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Piscitani L, Del Pinto R, Basili A, Tunno M, Ferri C. Humoral Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients: A Retrospective, Observational Case-Control Pilot Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:163-167. [PMID: 34978702 PMCID: PMC8721477 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus 2 disease is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients METHODS: A retrospective, observational case-control pilot study was conducted on consecutive hemodialysis outpatients (cases) and control group of individuals with preserved renal function. Complete SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, followed by determination of serum antibodies after the second dose, were required from participants in both groups. Previous COVID-19 was an exclusion criterium. RESULTS 21 hemodialysis patients (M:F = 13:8, mean age 67.5 ± 13.4) and 16 controls without chronic kidney disease (M:F = 4:12, mean age 46.8 ± 12.7) were included. Hemodialysis patients had lower mean titers of serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen compared with controls (492.39 vs 1901.20 IU/mL, respectively; p < 0.001), a finding that was confirmed in the age-matched analysis on 18 participants (580.8 vs 1836.4 IU/mL, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the finding of hyporesponsiveness to mRNA vaccination among hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piscitani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, S. Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, S. Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Basili
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, S. Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marilena Tunno
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, S. Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, S. Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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14
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Pinto RD, Monaco A, Ortu E, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Aguilera EM, Giannoni M, D'Aiuto F, Guzik TJ, Ferri C, Pietropaoli D. Access to dental care and blood pressure profiles in adults with high socioeconomic status. J Periodontol 2021; 93:1060-1071. [PMID: 34726790 PMCID: PMC9542004 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Reduced access to dental care may increase cardiovascular risk; however, socioeconomic factors are believed to confound the associations. We hypothesized that the relation persists despite economic wellness and high education, with reduced access to dental care affecting cardiovascular risk at least in part through its effect on blood pressure (BP), possibly mediated by systemic inflammation. Methods We first assessed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics related to last dental visit timing (≤ or >6 months; self‐reported) using national representative cross‐sectional data. Then, the association of last dental visit timing with clinic BP was selectively investigated in highly educated, high income participants, further matched for residual demographic and clinical confounders using propensity score matching (PSM). The mediating effect of systemic inflammation was formally tested. Machine learning was implemented to investigate the added value of dental visits in predicting high BP over the variables included in the Framingham Hypertension Risk Score among individuals without an established diagnosis of hypertension. Results Of 27,725 participants included in the population analysis, 46% attended a dental visit ≤6 months. In the PSM cohort (n = 2350), last dental visit attendance >6 months was consistently associated with 2 mmHg higher systolic BP (P = 0.001) and with 23 to 35% higher odds of high/uncontrolled BP compared with attendance ≤6 months. Inflammation mildly mediated the association. Access to dental care improved the prediction of high BP by 2%. Conclusions Dental care use impacts on BP profiles independent of socioeconomic confounders, possibly through systemic inflammation. Regular dental visits may contribute to preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology - Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention - San Salvatore Hospital - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy.,Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy.,Center for Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - San Salvatore Hospital, Dental Clinic - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy.,Center for Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - San Salvatore Hospital, Dental Clinic - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eva Muñoz Aguilera
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Giannoni
- Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy.,Center for Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - San Salvatore Hospital, Dental Clinic - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology - Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention - San Salvatore Hospital - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy.,Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy.,Center for Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - San Salvatore Hospital, Dental Clinic - University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Pericarditis is a common inflammatory disease affecting the pericardial sac, resulting from a variety of stimuli that trigger a stereotyped immune response. Generally self-limiting, this condition can be burdened by a significant risk of acute complications and relapses, with recurrence rates affecting up to 30% of patients, especially in the case of diagnostic and therapeutic delay. Therapeutic options in recurrent forms, initially based only on the use of traditional drugs such as colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids, have recently been enriched with new molecules, such as interleukin 1 blockers anakinra and rilonacept, particularly indicated in refractory forms dependent on corticosteroids. Other medically relevant therapeutic possibilities in refractory disease include azathioprine, methotrexate, and intravenous immunoglobulins. This brief review aims to summarize the treatment strategies of recurrent pericarditis in light of the most up-to-date evidence and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, ESH Excellence Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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16
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Carubbi F, Alunno A, Leone S, Di Gregorio N, Mancini B, Viscido A, Del Pinto R, Cicogna S, Grassi D, Ferri C. Pericarditis after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Another Pebble in the Mosaic of Long COVID? Viruses 2021; 13:v13101997. [PMID: 34696427 PMCID: PMC8540566 DOI: 10.3390/v13101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emerging success of the COVID-19 vaccination programs, the incidence of acute COVID-19 will decrease. However, given the high number of people who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovered, we will be faced with a significant number of patients with persistent symptoms even months after their COVID-19 infection. In this setting, long COVID and its cardiovascular manifestations, including pericarditis, need to become a top priority for healthcare systems as a new chronic disease process. Concerning the relationship between COVID-19 and pericardial diseases, pericarditis appears to be common in the acute infection but rare in the postacute period, while small pericardial effusions may be relatively common in the postacute period of COVID-19. Here, we reported a series of 7 patients developing pericarditis after a median of 20 days from clinical and virological recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We excluded specific identifiable causes of pericarditis, hence we speculate that these cases can be contextualized within the clinical spectrum of long COVID. All our patients were treated with a combination of colchicine and either ASA or NSAIDs, but four of them did not achieve a clinical response. When switched to glucocorticoids, these four patients recovered with no recurrence during drug tapering. Based on this observation and on the latency of pericarditis occurrence (a median of 20 days after a negative nasopharyngeal swab), could be suggested that post-COVID pericarditis may be linked to ongoing inflammation sustained by the persistence of viral nucleic acid without virus replication in the pericardium. Therefore, glucocorticoids may be a suitable treatment option in patients not responding or intolerant to conventional therapy and who require to counteract the pericardial inflammatory component rather than direct an acute viral injury to the pericardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carubbi
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Silvia Leone
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Nicoletta Di Gregorio
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Bernardina Mancini
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Sabrina Cicogna
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
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17
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Del Pinto R, Landi L, Grassi G, Sforza NM, Cairo F, Citterio F, Paolantoni G, D'Aiuto F, Ferri C, Monaco A, Pietropaoli D. Hypertension and Periodontitis: A Joint Report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP). High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:427-438. [PMID: 34562228 PMCID: PMC8484186 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low-grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Landi
- Private Practice, Via della Balduina, 114, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cairo
- Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Prevention and Translational Research, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Prevention and Translational Research, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Del Pinto R, Desideri G, Ferri C, Agabiti Rosei E. Real-world Antihypertensive Treatment Patterns, Treatment Adherence, and Blood Pressure Control in the Elderly: An Italian Awareness-raising Campaign on Hypertension by Senior Italia FederAnziani, the Italian Society of Hypertension and the Italian Federation of General Practitioners. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:457-466. [PMID: 34185255 PMCID: PMC8484252 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achieving hypertension control is beneficial regardless of age. Fixed-combination pills have the potential of increasing adherence to treatment, improving the benefit/risk ratio, and simplifying therapy, with resulting convenience especially in the elderly. AIM We examined real-world antihypertensive treatment adherence and hypertension control rates in a cohort of Italian elderly individuals, enrolled in a prospective, pragmatic awareness-raising campaign on blood pressure (BP). METHODS 13196 treated hypertensive elderly (mean age 73.2±7.5 years, 55.5% women) were recruited through opportunistic sampling, answered a brief questionnaire on antihypertensive therapy, and were followed-up for 6 months, when BP was measured as per routine care. Controlled hypertension was defined as BP < 140/90 mmHg. Real-world treatment adherence and hypertension control rates were evaluated at 6 months according to different treatment patterns (fixed-dose versus free combinations), using Yates correction for continuity to assess likelihood estimates for differences between treatments. RESULTS 10551 participants (80%) were on a single-pill therapy and 3445 were on a fixed combination therapy of two (24.8%) or three (1.3%) drugs. Individuals on a fixed combination therapy were more adherent to treatment than the counterparts (p < 0.001). Full adherence increased with the number of drugs/pill among single-pill users (47.5%, 68.5%, and 100% with 1, 2, or 3 drugs/pill; p < 0.001). Hypertension control rates were 70% and 65.2% (p = 0.001) according to fixed or free combinations of two drugs and 71% and 63.9% (p = 0.321) for fixed or free combinations of three drugs. CONCLUSIONS Real-world data suggest that simplified treatment strategies and use of fixed combinations improve adherence to antihypertensive therapy and BP control in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, University of L'Aquila, SS. Filippo and Nicola Hospital, Avezzano, AQ, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Enrico Agabiti Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica Generale, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Azienda Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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De Feo M, Del Pinto R, Pagliacci S, Grassi D, Ferri C. Real-World Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Adult Diabetic Individuals: An Italian Nationwide Epidemiological Survey. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:301-307. [PMID: 33835433 PMCID: PMC8087541 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertesion is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, worldwide, and its prevalence has been increasing in several countries, including Italy. Aims To assess hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in a real-world sample of adults with self-reported diabetes compared with nondiabetic individuals. Methods Following the 2018 World Hypertension Day, a nationwide, cross-sectional epidemiological survey on cardiovascular risk factors (“Abbasso la Pressione!”) in 3956 Italian pharmacies enrolled 47217 self-presenting volunteers (≥ 18 years). Participants underwent standardized blood pressure (BP) measurements and answered a questionnaire on cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle habits. Questions included if they had an established diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension or were on a BP medication. Hypertension prevalence was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. A double definition for hypertension control based on the recent European and US guidelines on hypertension was applied. Results Diabetic individuals (N = 5695, 12%) had higher rates of hypertension prevalence (80% vs. 54.7%, p < 0.001), awareness (85.6% vs 77.3%, p < 0.001) and treatment (85.8% vs. 76.7%, p < 0.001), but lower hypertension control rates (36.1% vs. 39.6% according to the 2018 European guidelines, p < 0.001; 25.4% vs 30.8% according to the 2017 US guidelines, p < 0.001) than nondiabetics. Diabetic participants tended to be older, sedentary, overweight/obese, dyslipidemic men, with higher 10-years cardiovascular risk than nondiabetics (p < 0.001). Uncontrolled hypertension was associated with male gender, diabetes, body mass index, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and older age. Conclusions Elevated hypertension awareness and treatment rates in diabetic adults do not translate into adequate BP control in the real world. Concomitant unfavorable metabolic features and unhealthy lifestyle habits might contribute to this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Feo
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Davide Grassi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Ferri C, Desideri G, Del Pinto R. Commentary to Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: An Update. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:251-252. [PMID: 33792849 PMCID: PMC8014900 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferri
- Department MeSVA, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department MeSVA, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Uric acid has long been considered responsible for a single specific disease, namely gout. In recent years, novel knowledge has emerged linking serum uric acid with a variety of conditions and related risk factors, from hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, to fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular diseases and all-cause death, with the underlying mechanisms involving disrupted neurohormonal and metabolic signaling as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, the cut-off value of serum uric acid predicting the risk of incident events is within the range of normality and below the threshold for increased risk of gout. A large contribution to the advancement in knowledge in the cardiovascular implications of uric acid derives from the Italian study URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH). This review summarizes the mechanisms linking uric acid with cardiovascular risk and the major findings of the URRAH study. The need for a reappraisal of the definition of range of normality for uric acid is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Dipartimento Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienza della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Dipartimento Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienza della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy -
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Dipartimento Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienza della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisa Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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22
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Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Monaco A, Desideri G, Ferri C, Grassi D. Non-pharmacological Strategies Against Systemic Inflammation: Molecular Basis and Clinical Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2620-2629. [PMID: 32242777 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a common denominator to a variety of cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV diseases and relative risk factors, including hypertension and its control, metabolic diseases, rheumatic disorders, and those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Besides medications, a non-pharmacological approach encompassing lifestyle changes and other complementary measures is mentioned in several updated guidelines on the management of these conditions. We performed an updated narrative review on the mechanisms behind the systemic impact of inflammation and the role of non-pharmacological, complementary measures centered on lowering systemic phlogosis for preserving or restoring a good global health. The central role of genetics in shaping the immune response is discussed in conjunction with that of the microbiome, highlighting the interdependence and mutual influences between the human genome and microbial integrity, diversity, and functions. Several plausible strategies to modulate inflammation and restore balanced crosstalk between the human genome and the microbiome are then recapitulated, including dietary measures, active lifestyle, and other potential approaches to manipulate the resident microbial community. To date, evidence from high-quality human studies is sparse to allow the unconditioned inclusion of understudied, though plausible solutions against inflammation into public health strategies for global wellness. This gap claims further focused, well-designed research targeted at unravelling the mechanisms behind future personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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23
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Del Pinto R, Ferri C. Long-term BP variability: open questions in clinical practice. Int J Cardiol Hypertens 2020; 7:100064. [PMID: 33447785 PMCID: PMC7803056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Infection by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the second pandemic of the XXI century after influenza A in 2009. As of mid-June 2020, more than 4,40,000 fatal cases of SARS-CoV-2-related disease (COVID-19) have occurred worldwide. Besides its prominent expression at the level of the respiratory apparatus, COVID-19 is also characterized by a substantial degree of cardiovascular involvement, both in terms of deterioration of pre-existing conditions, and as the effect of inflammation-facilitated acute events. They include ischemic/inflammatory heart disease, ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, thrombotic events at the level of the lungs, and systemic activation of the coagulation cascade, configuring the scenario of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Herein, we summarize the main COVID-19 features of relevance for the clinicians in the cardiovascular field. The rationale, concerns, and possible side effects of specific therapeutic measures, including anticoagulants, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory/antiviral medications applied to the treatment of COVID-19 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mai
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.
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25
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Del Pinto R, Ferri C. The role of Immunity in Fabry Disease and Hypertension: A Review of a Novel Common Pathway. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:539-546. [PMID: 33047250 PMCID: PMC7661400 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a progressive, X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder where accumulation of glycosphingolipids increases the risk for early cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, stroke, and end stage renal disease. Besides disease-specific therapy, blood pressure (BP) control is of central importance in Fabry disease to reduce disease progression and improve prognosis. Both Fabry disease and hypertension are characterized by the activation of the innate component of the immune system, with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a common trigger to the inflammatory cascade. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in the establishment of low-grade chronic inflammation and redox unbalance that contribute to organ damage in the long term. Besides exploiting the anti-inflammatory effects of RAS blockade and enzyme replacement therapy, targeted therapies acting on the immune system represent an appealing field of research in these conditions. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the issue of hypertension in the setting of Fabry disease, focusing on the possible determinants of their reciprocal relationship, as well as on the related clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
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26
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Pietropaoli D, Monaco A, D'Aiuto F, Muñoz Aguilera E, Ortu E, Giannoni M, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Guzik TJ, Ferri C, Del Pinto R. Active gingival inflammation is linked to hypertension. J Hypertens 2020; 38:2018-2027. [PMID: 32890278 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including hypertension, are characterized by underlying systemic inflammation. Periodontitis, which can impact the systemic inflammatory burden has recently been linked to high blood pressure (BP). However, the relationship of gingival bleeding, as an easily accessible marker of periodontal disorder, with hypertension, remains unclear. METHODS Survey-based propensity score matching (PSM) incorporating major confounders shared between hypertension and periodontal diseases was applied to cross-sectional NHANES III data from 5396 adults at least 30 years old who underwent BP measurement and periodontal examination, identifying two matched groups with and without gingival bleeding. The association of bleeding gums with SBP (mmHg) and high/uncontrolled BP was then assessed with generalized additive models incorporating inflammatory markers. Stratification by periodontal status (healthy; gingivitis; stable periodontitis; unstable periodontitis) was performed. Variables importance was estimated using machine learning. RESULTS Gingival bleeding (gingivitis; unstable periodontitis) was independently associated with +2.6 mmHg (P < 0.001) SBP compared with no bleeding (healthy periodontium; stable periodontitis), and with greater odds (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.19-1.68; P < 0.001) of high/uncontrolled BP. Participants with unstable periodontitis had higher SBP than those with stable periodontitis (+2.1 mmHg; P < 0.001) or gingivitis (+5.3 mmHg; P < 0.001). Unstable periodontitis and gingivitis were consistently associated with increased risk of high/uncontrolled BP (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 2.14-1.82; OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.22-1.82, respectively). Inflammatory markers allowed a maximum of 12% gain in the models' predictive power. CONCLUSION Gingival bleeding contributes to shaping the relationship between periodontal diseases and BP, but the burden represented by periodontitis is also crucial. Periodontal evaluation might be of importance in difficult to control hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Dental Clinic - Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Dental Clinic - Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London
| | - Eva Muñoz Aguilera
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Dental Clinic - Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Giannoni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Dental Clinic - Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy
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27
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Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Mammarella L, Abballe S, Dell'Anna S, Cicogna S, Grassi D, Sacco S, Desideri G. Increased cardiovascular death rates in a COVID-19 low prevalence area. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1932-1935. [PMID: 32815667 PMCID: PMC7461222 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The province of L'Aquila (Central Italy) was marginally affected by COVID‐19 pandemic, but changes in health care seeking behaviors were noticed. The authors retrospectively analyzed de‐identified data concerning all‐cause and cardiovascular hospitalizations, cardiovascular acute phase treatments, and in‐hospital cardiovascular deaths in the province of L'Aquila from January 1 to March 31, in 2020 and 2019. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing 2020 and 2019 for admissions/procedures were calculated through Poisson regression. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the examined time windows was also assessed. Less all‐cause (IRR 0.85, P < .001) and cardiovascular (IRR 0.73, P < .001) hospitalizations occurred in 2020 than in 2019. Less daily cardiovascular procedures were also performed (IRR: 0.74, P = .009). A disproportionate decrease in the number of procedures was observed in relation to cardiovascular hospitalizations in 2020 (−5.5%, P = .001). Unlike all‐cause mortality, more in‐hospital cardiovascular deaths occurred in March 2020 compared with March 2019 (+6.8%, P = .048).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leondino Mammarella
- Statistics Section, Local Health Authority of the Province of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Abballe
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sofia Dell'Anna
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cicogna
- Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neurology Section, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Geriatrics Unit, SS. Filippo e Nicola Hospital, Avezzano, Italy
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28
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Pekolj J, Clariá Sánchez R, Salceda J, Maurette RJ, Schelotto PB, Pierini L, Cánepa E, Moro M, Stork G, Resio N, Neffa J, Mc Cormack L, Quiñonez E, Raffin G, Obeide L, Fernández D, Pfaffen G, Salas C, Linzey M, Schmidt G, Ruiz S, Alvarez F, Buffaliza J, Maroni R, Campi O, Bertona C, de Santibañes M, Mazza O, Belotto de Oliveira M, Diniz AL, Enne de Oliveira M, Machado MA, Kalil AN, Pinto RD, Rezende AP, Ramos EJB, Talvane T Oliveira A, Torres OJM, Jarufe Cassis N, Buckel E, Quevedo Torres R, Chapochnick J, Sanhueza Garcia M, Muñoz C, Castro G, Losada H, Vergara Suárez F, Guevara O, Dávila D, Palacios O, Jimenez A, Poggi L, Torres V, Fonseca GM, Kruger JAP, Coelho FF, Russo L, Herman P. Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A South American Experience with 2887 Cases. World J Surg 2020; 44:3868-3874. [PMID: 32591841 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) have been increasingly performed in recent years. Most of the available evidence, however, comes from specialized centers in Asia, Europe and USA. Data from South America are limited and based on single-center experiences. To date, no multicenter studies evaluated the results of LLR in South America. The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience and results with LLR in South American centers. METHODS From February to November 2019, a survey about LLR was conducted in 61 hepatobiliary centers in South America, composed by 20 questions concerning demographic characteristics, surgical data, and perioperative results. RESULTS Fifty-one (83.6%) centers from seven different countries answered the survey. A total of 2887 LLR were performed, as follows: Argentina (928), Brazil (1326), Chile (322), Colombia (210), Paraguay (9), Peru (75), and Uruguay (8). The first program began in 1997; however, the majority (60.7%) started after 2010. The percentage of LLR over open resections was 28.4% (4.4-84%). Of the total, 76.5% were minor hepatectomies and 23.5% major, including 266 right hepatectomies and 343 left hepatectomies. The conversion rate was 9.7%, overall morbidity 13%, and mortality 0.7%. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study assessing the dissemination and results of LLR in South America. It showed an increasing number of centers performing LLR with the promising perioperative results, aligned with other worldwide excellence centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pekolj
- HPB Surgery Section, General Surgery Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Clariá Sánchez
- HPB Surgery Section, General Surgery Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Salceda
- Hospital Ramón Santamarina, Tandil, Argentina
| | | | | | - L Pierini
- Clínica Nefrología, Clínica Uruguay, Hospital Iturraspe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Cánepa
- Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Moro
- Hospital Italiano - Regional Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - G Stork
- Hospital Italiano - Regional Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - N Resio
- Unidad HPB Sur, General Roca, Argentina
| | - J Neffa
- Hospital Italiano de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - E Quiñonez
- Hospital El Cruce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Raffin
- Hospital Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Obeide
- Hospital Universitario Privado, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Fernández
- Clínica Pueyrredón, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - G Pfaffen
- Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Salas
- Sanatorio 9 de Julio, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, Hospital Centro de Salud, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M Linzey
- Hospital Angel C. Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - G Schmidt
- Hospital Escuela Gral, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - S Ruiz
- Clínica Colón, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - F Alvarez
- Clínica Reina Fabiola, Hospital Italiano, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - R Maroni
- Hospital Papa Francisco, Salta, Argentina
| | - O Campi
- Clínica Regional General Pico, Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - C Bertona
- Hospital Español, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M de Santibañes
- HPB Surgery Section, General Surgery Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Mazza
- HPB Surgery Section, General Surgery Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - A L Diniz
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - A N Kalil
- Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R D Pinto
- Hospital Santa Catarina de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | - E J B Ramos
- Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - O J M Torres
- Hospital Universitario HUUFMA, Hospital São Domingos, UDI Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - E Buckel
- Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - C Muñoz
- Hospital de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - H Losada
- Hospital de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - F Vergara Suárez
- Clínica Vida - Fundación Colombiana de Cancerología, Medellin, Colombia
| | - O Guevara
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - A Jimenez
- Hospital Clínicas, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - L Poggi
- Clínica Anglo Americana, Lima, Peru
| | - V Torres
- Hospital Guillermo Almenara ESSALUD, Lima, Peru
| | - G M Fonseca
- Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A P Kruger
- Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F F Coelho
- Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Russo
- Hospital Maciel, Casmu, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Herman
- Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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De Feo M, Paladini A, Ferri C, Carducci A, Del Pinto R, Varrassi G, Grassi D. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Cocoa: A Review on Future Perspectives in Treatment of Pain. Pain Ther 2020; 9:231-240. [PMID: 32314320 PMCID: PMC7203300 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa has been reported to have medicinal properties. It contains a wide range of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, which have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, and also to have a positive effect on pain. Other components of cocoa might be able to positively influence pain perception through various mechanisms. Despite encouraging results from preclinical studies, there is a lack of evidence of antinociceptive effects of cocoa from clinical trials in humans. Further research is needed to better identify the active principles in cocoa, to understand the underlying mechanisms of action, and to establish efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Feo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Augusto Carducci
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giustino Varrassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Rossi GP, Bisogni V, Bacca AV, Belfiore A, Cesari M, Concistrè A, Del Pinto R, Fabris B, Fallo F, Fava C, Ferri C, Giacchetti G, Grassi G, Letizia C, Maccario M, Mallamaci F, Maiolino G, Manfellotto D, Minuz P, Monticone S, Morganti A, Muiesan ML, Mulatero P, Negro A, Parati G, Pengo MF, Petramala L, Pizzolo F, Rizzoni D, Rossitto G, Veglio F, Seccia TM. The 2020 Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) practical guidelines for the management of primary aldosteronism. Int J Cardiol Hypertens 2020; 5:100029. [PMID: 33447758 PMCID: PMC7803025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim Considering the amount of novel knowledge generated in the last five years, a team of experienced hypertensionlogists was assembled to furnish updated clinical practice guidelines for the management of primary aldosteronism. Methods To identify the most relevant studies, the authors utilized a systematic literature review in international databases by applying the PICO strategy, and then they were required to make use of only those meeting predefined quality criteria. For studies of diagnostic tests, only those that fulfilled the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations were considered. Results Each section was jointly prepared by at least two co-authors, who provided Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence following the American Heart Association methodology. The guidelines were sponsored by the Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension and underwent two rounds of revision, eventually reexamined by an External Committee. They were presented and thoroughly discussed in two face-to-face meetings with all co-authors and then presented on occasion of the 36th Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension meeting in order to gather further feedbacks by all members. The text amended according to these feedbacks was subjected to a further peer review. Conclusions After this process, substantial updated information was generated, which could simplify the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and assist practicing physicians in optimizing treatment and follow-up of patients with one of the most common curable causes of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Rossi
- Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
- Corresponding author. DIMED –Clinica dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa, University Hospital, via Giustiniani, 2; 35126, Padova, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bisogni
- Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Belfiore
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cesari
- Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Concistrè
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Unit of Secondary Arterial Hypertension, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Unit of Secondary Arterial Hypertension, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccario
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Manfellotto
- UO Medicina Interna, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Italy
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Hypertension Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Morganti
- Centro Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Ospedale Policlinico, Università Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Hypertension Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Aurelio Negro
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Martino F. Pengo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Petramala
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Unit of Secondary Arterial Hypertension, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossitto
- Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Franco Veglio
- Hypertension Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Seccia
- Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
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Ferri C, Del Pinto R. Is there a connection among atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant treatment, and dementia? Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:E79-E81. [PMID: 32523445 PMCID: PMC7270894 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that atrial fibrillation carries an increased risk of stroke and dementia. The connecting pathogenic common mechanism is the thromboembolic state provided by atrial fibrillation, which is responsible for the acute cerebral events, as well as more saddle anatomic lesions, which accumulating over time, could lead to a progressive cognitive decline. It is plausible, instinctively, that oral anticoagulation could decrease this risk, although the possibility of micro-haemorrhages, which cannot be ignored, could make anticoagulation in this contest even dangerous. In this regard, whether there are firm, well established, evidences documenting a significant reduction in stroke occurrence with anticoagulant treatment in atrial fibrillation, the same level of evidences are not supporting the treatment in preventing dementia. Bringing some more clarity to this issue could have some considerable advantages, also in term of healthcare cost containment, considering the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and dementia in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferri
- Dipartimento MeSVA, UOC di Medicina Interna e Nefrologia, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Ospedale San Salvatore, Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Dipartimento MeSVA, UOC di Medicina Interna e Nefrologia, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Ospedale San Salvatore, Coppito, AQ, Italy
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Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Marzo G, Giannoni M, Ortu E, Monaco A. Association between periodontal inflammation and hypertension using periodontal inflamed surface area and bleeding on probing. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 47:160-172. [PMID: 31680283 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is a relapsing-remitting disease. Compared with bleeding on probing (BoP), expression of disease activity, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), incorporates chronic disease parameters. We tested the association of PISA and BoP with blood pressure (BP) in NHANES III. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 8,614 subjects (≥30 years) with complete periodontal and BP examinations were enrolled. PISA was derived from periodontal probing depth and BoP. The association of PISA and BoP with high/uncontrolled BP was examined by multiple-adjusted models. Inflammatory markers were tested as possible mediators. A machine learning (ML) approach was used to define the relative importance of PISA and BoP and estimate the power of BP status prediction. RESULTS Compared to no inflammation, severe PISA and BoP were associated with 43% (p < .001) and 32% (p = .006) higher odds of high/uncontrolled BP (≥130/80 mmHg), and with higher systolic BP by ≈4 (p < .001) and 5 (p < .001) mmHg, respectively. Inflammatory markers appeared to mediate this association with various extents, without threshold effect. BoP predicted high/uncontrolled BP more efficiently than PISA using ML. CONCLUSION PISA and BoP describe the association of periodontal inflammation and hypertension with subtle differences. The contribution of local inflammation to the global inflammatory burden might explain the observed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Giannoni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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33
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Del Pinto R, Grassi D, Properzi G, Desideri G, Ferri C. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol as a Causal Role for Atherosclerotic Disease: Potential Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:199-207. [PMID: 31236902 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-related discoveries of the turn of the century have translated into substantial novelty in dyslipidemia treatment in the last 5 years. With chronic preventable atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) representing an epidemic of morbidity and mortality worldwide, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) reduction represents a public health priority. By overcoming two major statin-related issues, namely intolerance and ineffectiveness, PCSK9 inhibitors have offered a safe and effective option in selected clinical settings where LDL-c reduction is required. Herein, we recapitulate recent findings, clinical applications, and ASCVD prevention potential of PCSK9 inhibition, with focus on anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, evolocumab and alirocumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliana Properzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
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34
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Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Ortu E, Monaco A. Definition of hypertension‐associated oral pathogens in NHANES. J Periodontol 2019; 90:866-876. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental SciencesSan Salvatore HospitalUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental SciencesSan Salvatore HospitalUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental SciencesSan Salvatore HospitalUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental SciencesSan Salvatore HospitalUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Department of LifeHealth and Environmental SciencesSan Salvatore HospitalUniversity of L'Aquila L'Aquila Italy
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35
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Del Pinto R, Pagliacci S, De Feo M, Grassi D, Ferri C. Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors among pharmacies customers: an Italian nationwide epidemiological survey. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:1228-1230. [PMID: 31116573 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319851301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Martina De Feo
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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36
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Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Wright JT, Giannoni M, Ortu E, Monaco A. Poor Oral Health and Blood Pressure Control Among US Hypertensive Adults. Hypertension 2018; 72:1365-1373. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pietropaoli
- From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Italy (D.P., R.D.P., C.F., M.G., E.O., A.M.)
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Italy (D.P., R.D.P., C.F., M.G., E.O., A.M.)
| | - Claudio Ferri
- From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Italy (D.P., R.D.P., C.F., M.G., E.O., A.M.)
| | - Jackson T. Wright
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH (J.T.W.)
| | - Mario Giannoni
- From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Italy (D.P., R.D.P., C.F., M.G., E.O., A.M.)
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Italy (D.P., R.D.P., C.F., M.G., E.O., A.M.)
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, Italy (D.P., R.D.P., C.F., M.G., E.O., A.M.)
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Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with increasing prevalence with age, whose treatment is associated with benefits over fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events even later in life. However, there are persistent concerns on the short- and long-term weighted benefits of treating hypertension in the very old, particularly in those with specific clinical features. In fact, a broad range of clinical scenarios can be observed at older ages, spanning from the healthy to the frailest patient, and hypertension clinical trials have traditionally excluded the latter, thus preventing the unconditioned application to these patients of the same recommendations as in younger ages. Persistent issues regarding high blood pressure management in the very old adult are mainly related to treatment threshold and targets, which have been differently addressed by American and European guidelines. Herein, we will examine the challenges related to high blood pressure treatment in healthy and frail older and very old adults. We will discuss the evidence behind current recommendations. Finally, we will recapitulate the recommended treatment options for high blood pressure in these patients in the light of the most recent guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, Delta 6 building, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, Delta 6 building, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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38
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Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Borghi C. Letter by Del Pinto et al Regarding Article, "Prevention of Stroke With the Addition of Ezetimibe to Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial)". Circulation 2018; 137:2654-2655. [PMID: 29891621 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (R.D.P., C.F.).,Division of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy (R.D.P., C.F.).,The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy (R.D.P., C.F., C.B.)
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (R.D.P., C.F.).,Division of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy (R.D.P., C.F.).,The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy (R.D.P., C.F., C.B.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- The Italian Society of Hypertension, Milan, Italy (R.D.P., C.F., C.B.).,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Italy (C.B.)
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39
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Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Ferri C. Diastolic blood pressure and risk profile in renal and cardiovascular diseases. Results from the SPRINT trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:513-523.e3. [PMID: 29803637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of targeting a systolic blood pressure of <120 mmHg compared to <140 mmHg in selected hypertensive patients. Some evidence, however, suggests a J-curve for; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) particularly in subjects with cardiovascular (CV) and chronic kidney disease. We evaluated the risk of events in SPRINT with focus on these subgroups according to DBP. Mean DBP (±standard deviation) throughout follow-up time was calculated for each patient. Patients were then categorized into five groups according to mean DBP (<60 mmHg, 60-69 mmHg, 70-79 mmHg [reference], 80-89 mmHg, ≥90 mmHg); hazard ratio for outcomes was assessed overall and in the predefined subgroups. A higher risk for CV events was observed in the lower DBP range overall (hazard ratio 1.46, confidential interval 95% 1.1-1.95, P < .001), but not in the absence of pre-existing CV or renal disease. Indeed, such risk significantly increased above 80 mmHg in patients with CV disease and below 70 mmHg in those with chronic kidney disease for selected outcomes. DBP<70 mmHg particularly affected renal outcomes irrespective of renal status. Different risk profiles according to DBP appear to be related to specific clinical characteristics in SPRINT. These findings require further testing in dedicated trials with appropriate follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Division of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Townsend RR, Chang TI, Cohen DL, Cushman WC, Evans GW, Glasser SP, Haley WE, Olney C, Oparil S, Del Pinto R, Pisoni R, Taylor AA, Umanath K, Wright JT, Yeboah J. Orthostatic changes in systolic blood pressure among SPRINT participants at baseline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:847-856. [PMID: 27665708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Orthostatic changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) impact cardiovascular outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine the pattern of orthostatic systolic pressure changes in participants enrolled in the SBP Intervention Trial (SPRINT) at their baseline visit before randomization and sought to understand clinical factors predictive of these changes. Of the 9323 participants enrolled in SPRINT, 8662 had complete data for these analyses. The SBP after 1 minute of standing was subtracted from the mean value of the three preceding seated SBP values. At the baseline visit, medical history, medications, anthropometric measures, and standard laboratory testing were undertaken. The mean age of SPRINT participants was 68 years, two-thirds were male, with 30% black, 11% Hispanic, and 55% Caucasian. The spectrum of SBP changes on standing demonstrated that increases in SBP were as common as declines, and about 5% of participants had an increase, and 5% had a decrease of >20 mm Hg in SBP upon standing. Female sex, taller height, more advanced kidney disease, current smoking, and several drug classes were associated with larger declines in BP upon standing, while black race, higher blood levels of glucose and sodium, and heavier weight were associated with more positive values of the change in BP upon standing. Our cross-sectional results show a significant spectrum of orthostatic SBP changes, reflecting known (eg, age) and less well-known (eg, kidney function) relationships that may be important considerations in determining the optimal target blood pressure in long-term outcomes of older hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Tara I Chang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Debbie L Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William C Cushman
- Preventive Medicine Section and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gregory W Evans
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen P Glasser
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William E Haley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christine Olney
- James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Pisoni
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Addison A Taylor
- Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kausik Umanath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jackson T Wright
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Yeboah
- Heart and Vascular Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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41
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Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Corridoni D, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Di Stefano G, Monaco A, Weinberg A, Cominelli F. Occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease in the SAMP1/YitFc murine model of Crohn disease. J Periodontol 2015; 85:1799-805. [PMID: 25019175 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral involvement is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent evidence suggests a high incidence of periodontal disease in patients with Crohn disease (CD). To the best of the authors' knowledge, no animal model of IBD that displays associated periodontal disease was reported previously. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence and progression of periodontal disease in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice that spontaneously develop a CD-like ileitis. In addition, the temporal correlation between the onset and progression of periodontal disease and the onset of ileitis in SAMP mice was studied. METHODS At different time points, SAMP and parental AKR/J (AKR) control mice were sacrificed, and mandibles were prepared for stereomicroscopy and histology. Terminal ilea were collected for histologic assessment of inflammation score. Periodontal status, i.e., alveolar bone loss (ABL) and alveolar bone crest, was examined by stereomicroscopy and histomorphometry, respectively. RESULTS ABL increased in both strains with age. SAMP mice showed greater ABL compared with AKR mice by 12 weeks of age, with maximal differences observed at 27 weeks of age. AKR control mice did not show the same severity of periodontal disease. Interestingly, a strong positive correlation was found between ileitis severity and ABL in SAMP mice, independent of age. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate the occurrence of periodontal disease in a mouse model of progressive CD-like ileitis. In addition, the severity of periodontitis strongly correlated with the severity of ileitis, independent of age, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms, such as abnormal immune response and dysbiosis, may be shared between these two phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, and Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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42
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Grassi D, Ferri L, Desideri G, Di Giosia P, Cheli P, Del Pinto R, Properzi G, Ferri C. Chronic hyperuricemia, uric acid deposit and cardiovascular risk. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:2432-8. [PMID: 23173592 PMCID: PMC3606968 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319130011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is commonly associated with traditional risk factors such as dysglicemia, dyslipidemia, central obesity and abnormal blood pressure, i.e. the metabolic syndrome. Concordantly, recent studies have revived the controversy over the role of circulating uric acid, hyperuricemia, and gout as an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this regard, different studies also evaluated the possible role of xanthine inhibitors in inducing blood pressure reduction, increment in flow-mediated dilation, and improved cardiovascular prognosis in various patient settings. The vast majority of these studies have been conducted with either allopurinol or its active metabolite oxypurinol, i.e. two purine-like non-selective inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. More recently, the role of uric acid as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the possible protective role exerted by reduction of hyperuricemia to normal level have been evaluated by the use of febuxostat, a selective, non purine-like xanthine oxidase inhibitor. In this review, we will report current evidence on hyperuricemia in cardiovascular disease. The value of uric acid as a biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for tailored old and novel "cardiometabolic" treatments will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- University of L'Aquila-Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health-San Salvatore Hospital-Italy
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43
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Szucs A, Vehovszky A, Molnár G, Pinto RD, Abarbanel HDI. Reliability and precision of neural spike timing: simulation of spectrally broadband synaptic inputs. Neuroscience 2004; 126:1063-73. [PMID: 15207339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spectrally broadband stimulation of neurons has been an effective method for studying their dynamic responses to simulated synaptic inputs. Previous studies with such stimulation were mostly based upon the direct intracellular injection of noisy current waveforms. In the present study we analyze and compare the firing output of various identified molluscan neurons to aperiodic, broadband current signals using three types of stimulus paradigms: 1. direct injection in current clamp mode, 2. conductance injection using electrotonic coupling of the input waveform to the neuron, and 3. conductance injection using a simulated chemical excitatory connection. The current waveforms were presented in 15 successive trials and the trial-to-trial variations of the spike responses were analyzed using peri-stimulus spike density functions. Comparing the responses of the neurons to the same type of input waveforms, we found that conductance injection resulted in more reliable and precise spike responses than direct current injection. The statistical parameters of the response spike trains depended on the spectral distribution of the input. The reliability increased with increasing cutoff frequency, while the temporal jitter of spikes changed in the opposite direction. Neurons with endogenous bursting displayed lower reproducibility in their responses to noisy waveforms when injected directly; however, they fired far more reliably and precisely when receiving the same waveforms as conductance inputs. The results show that molluscan neurons are capable of accurately reproducing their responses to synaptic inputs. Conductance injection provides an enhanced experimental technique for assessing the neurons' spike timing reliability and it should be preferred over direct current injection of noisy waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szucs
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 35, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
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44
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Rabinovich MI, Pinto RD, Abarbanel HDI, Tumer E, Stiesberg G, Huerta R, Selverston AI. Recovery of hidden information through synaptic dynamics. Network 2002; 13:487-501. [PMID: 12463341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of synaptic dynamics in processing neural information is investigated in a neural information channel with realistic model neurons having chaotic intrinsic dynamics. Our neuron models are realized in simple analogue circuits, and our synaptic connections are realized both in analogue circuits and through a dynamic clamp program. The information which is input to the first chaotic neuron in the channel emerges partially absent and partially 'hidden'. Part is absent because of the dynamical effects of the chaotic oscillation that effectively acts as a noisy channel. The 'hidden' part is recoverable. We show that synaptic parameters, most significantly receptor binding time constants, can be tuned to enhance the information transmission by the combination of a neuron plus a synapse. We discuss how the dynamics of the synapse can be used to recover 'hidden' information using average mutual information as a measure of the quality of information transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha I Rabinovich
- Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0402, USA
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45
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Pinto RD, Elson RC, Szücs A, Rabinovich MI, Selverston AI, Abarbanel HD. Extended dynamic clamp: controlling up to four neurons using a single desktop computer and interface. J Neurosci Methods 2001; 108:39-48. [PMID: 11459616 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic clamp protocol allows an experimenter to simulate the presence of membrane conductances in, and synaptic connections between, biological neurons. Existing protocols and commercial ADC/DAC boards provide ready control in and between < or =2 neurons. Control at >2 sites is desirable when studying neural circuits with serial or ring connectivity. Here, we describe how to extend dynamic clamp control to four neurons and their associated synaptic interactions, using a single IBM-compatible PC, an ADC/DAC interface with two analog outputs, and an additional demultiplexing circuit. A specific C++ program, DYNCLAMP4, implements these procedures in a Windows environment, allowing one to change parameters while the dynamic clamp is running. Computational efficiency is increased by varying the duration of the input-output cycle. The program simulates < or =8 Hodgkin-Huxley-type conductances and < or =18 (chemical and/or electrical) synapses in < or =4 neurons and runs at a minimum update rate of 5 kHz on a 450 MHz CPU. (Increased speed is possible in a two-neuron version that does not need auxiliary circuitry). Using identified neurons of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, we illustrate on-line parameter modification and the construction of three-member synaptic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Pinto
- Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0402, La Jolla, CA 92093-0402, USA.
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46
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Waechter FL, Sampaio JA, Pinto RD, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Cardoso FG, Francisconi C, Pereira-Lima L. The role of liver transplantation in patients with Caroli's disease. Hepatogastroenterology 2001; 48:672-4. [PMID: 11462899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Caroli's disease, characterized by segmental or diffuse dilation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts, is a rare disease which is difficult to treat. The course of the disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of cholangitis and hospital stays, with a consequent loss of quality-of-life and productive capacity, often ending in death due to uncontrolled infection. Endoscopic drainage of the bile duct, percutaneously or surgically, is palliative, and presents bad results in the follow-up of these patients. Orthotopic liver transplantation appears to be an effective curative option for the treatment of patients with Caroli's disease associated to complications. The authors present the course of two cases of this disease, associated with congenital fibrosis of the liver worsened by repeated episodes of cholangitis, submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Waechter
- Liver Transplantation Program, Surgery and Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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47
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Waechter FL, Sampaio JA, Pinto RD, Alvares-Da-Silva MR, Pereira-Lima L. A comparison between topical and infiltrative bupivacaine and intravenous meperidine for postoperative analgesia after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Am Surg 2001; 67:447-50. [PMID: 11379646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to compare postoperative analgesia offered by the simple instillation of local anesthetic on the surgical wound, its infiltration with the same local anesthetic, and the use of an intravenous opioid. Sixty patients were divided into the three analgesia groups to be studied: instillation of local anesthetic (Group I), injection of local anesthetic (Group II), and intravenous opioid (Group III). The pain was quantified using the visual analogue scale. It was observed that there was better analgesia in Groups I and II during the first 6 hours postoperatively as compared with Group III (P < 0.0001). At the end of the 12 hours the three modes of analgesia proved comparable. However, after 24 hours there was better analgesic development in Group I, whereas Group II had greater postoperative morbidity. We conclude that the instillation of local anesthesia provides analgesia during the immediate postoperative period comparable to local infiltration using the same anesthetic. Both regional analgesia methods are more effective analgesics during the first 6 hours than are intravenous opioids. Furthermore the simple instillation of local anesthetic allows better analgesic evolution of the surgical wound after the first 24 hours considering the lower rate of resulting complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Waechter
- Department of General Surgery of Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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48
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Selverston AI, Rabinovich MI, Abarbanel HD, Elson R, Szücs A, Pinto RD, Huerta R, Varona P. Reliable circuits from irregular neurons: a dynamical approach to understanding central pattern generators. J Physiol Paris 2000; 94:357-74. [PMID: 11165906 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(00)01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Central pattern generating neurons from the lobster stomatogastric ganglion were analyzed using new nonlinear methods. The LP neuron was found to have only four or five degrees of freedom in the isolated condition and displayed chaotic behavior. We show that this chaotic behavior could be regularized by periodic pulses of negative current injected into the neuron or by coupling it to another neuron via inhibitory connections. We used both a modified Hindmarsh-Rose model to simulate the neurons behavior phenomenologically and a more realistic conductance-based model so that the modeling could be linked to the experimental observations. Both models were able to capture the dynamics of the neuron behavior better than previous models. We used the Hindmarsh-Rose model as the basis for building electronic neurons which could then be integrated into the biological circuitry. Such neurons were able to rescue patterns which had been disabled by removing key biological neurons from the circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Selverston
- Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0402, USA.
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49
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Pinto RD, Varona P, Volkovskii AR, Szücs A, Abarbanel HD, Rabinovich MI. Synchronous behavior of two coupled electronic neurons. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:2644-56. [PMID: 11088744 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on experimental studies of synchronization phenomena in a pair of analog electronic neurons (ENs). The ENs were designed to reproduce the observed membrane voltage oscillations of isolated biological neurons from the stomatogastric ganglion of the California spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. The ENs are simple analog circuits which integrate four-dimensional differential equations representing fast and slow subcellular mechanisms that produce the characteristic regular/chaotic spiking-bursting behavior of these cells. In this paper we study their dynamical behavior as we couple them in the same configurations as we have done for their counterpart biological neurons. The interconnections we use for these neural oscillators are both direct electrical connections and excitatory and inhibitory chemical connections: each realized by analog circuitry and suggested by biological examples. We provide here quantitative evidence that the ENs and the biological neurons behave similarly when coupled in the same manner. They each display well defined bifurcations in their mutual synchronization and regularization. We report briefly on an experiment on coupled biological neurons and four-dimensional ENs, which provides further ground for testing the validity of our numerical and electronic models of individual neural behavior. Our experiments as a whole present interesting new examples of regularization and synchronization in coupled nonlinear oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Pinto
- Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0402, USA
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50
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Pinto RD, Sartorelli JC. Homoclinic tangency and chaotic attractor disappearance in a dripping faucet experiment. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:342-7. [PMID: 11046271 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of attractors, reconstructed from interdrops time series data of a leaky faucet experiment, is analyzed as a function of the mean dripping rate. We established the presence of a saddle point and its manifolds in the attractors and we explained the dynamical changes in the system using the evolution of the manifolds of the saddle point, as suggested by the orbits traced in first return maps. The sequence starts at a fixed point and evolves to an invariant torus of increasing diameter (a Hopf bifurcation) that pushes the unstable manifold towards the stable one. The torus breaks up and the system shows a chaotic attractor bounded by the unstable manifold of the saddle. With the attractor expansion the unstable manifold becomes tangential to the stable one, giving rise to the sudden disappearance of the chaotic attractor, which is an experimental observation of a so called chaotic blue sky catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- RD Pinto
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, 05315-970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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