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Yao Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Yuan Q, Wang S, Li X, Zhang Y, Ding X, Xu W, Su X, Lai S. Chemical characterization of marine aerosols from two cruises over the South China Sea: Importance of biomass burning and secondary formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161551. [PMID: 36640875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected during June-July 2015 in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) and August-September 2016 in the western South China Sea (WSCS). Water-soluble ions (WSIs), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic compounds were measured. The average concentrations of WSIs, OC, EC and organic compounds were 19.4 ± 10.9 μg m-3, 2.48 ± 1.54 μgC m-3, 0.31 ± 0.25 μgC m-3 and 789 ± 217 ng m-3 in the NSCS, and were 10.2 ± 4.71 μg m-3, 1.76 ± 1.82 μgC m-3, 0.43 ± 0.32 μgC m-3 and 781 ± 342 ng m-3 in the WSCS. In both cruises, sea salt ions (Na+ and Cl-) and secondary inorganic ions (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) were the main species of WSIs, accounting for 54.0 % and 43.6 % in the NSCS, and for 35.0 % and 54.0 % in the WSCS. The secondary products (dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids) (NSCS: 73.3 %; WSCS: 73.9 %) and saccharides (NSCS: 19.0 %; WSCS: 18.0 %) accounted large fractions of organic compounds in aerosol particles over the SCS. These results suggest sea salt emissions and secondary formation are the main sources of the aerosols over the SCS in summer. The positive correlations between the biomass burning tracers (nss-K+ and levoglucosan) and OC as well as organic compounds indicated that biomass burning from nearby continents was also an important source of organic aerosols over the SCS. Based on back-trajectory analysis and satellite fire spots, Indochina Peninsula and China were proposed as the main continental source areas of non-sea salt WSIs and organic compounds. Our results highlight the significant contribution of continental outflow especially biomass burning and photochemical secondary oxidation to the organic compositions of aerosol particles over the SCS in summertime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi Yao
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Song
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Qi Yuan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Song SK, Shon ZH, Bae MS, Cho SB, Moon SH, Kim HS, Son YB, Lee CR. Effects of natural and anthropogenic emissions on the composition and toxicity of aerosols in the marine atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150928. [PMID: 34655634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of natural dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and ship emissions on marine environments and particulate matter (PM) over the western and southern sea areas around South Korea were studied based on field campaigns from August-September 2017 and May-June 2018 using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality v5.3.2 modeling system. DMS oxidation enhanced the concentrations of both sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate (SO42-) in PM2.5 by 6.2-6.4% and 2.9-3.6%, respectively, in the marine atmosphere during the study period, whereas it slightly decreased nitrate (NO3-) concentrations (by -1.3%), compared to the simulation without DMS oxidation chemistry. Furthermore, ship emissions increased the concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ by 4.5%, 23%, and 7.3%, respectively. Methane sulfonic acid concentration was 0.17 μg m-3, suggesting the importance of the addition channel in the DMS oxidation pathway. The model simulation indicated that ship emissions in the target area contributed dominantly to non-sea-salt SO42-, and the marine DMS emission source was non-negligible. The geographical distribution of PM toxicity (aerosol oxidative potential) was assessed in the marine atmosphere during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Keun Song
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bin Cho
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Moon
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Sook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Baek Son
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Rae Lee
- Marine Research Center, National Park Research Institute, Yeosu 59723, Republic of Korea
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Peng L, Guo Y, Gu T, Li H, Jian S, Jia D, Sun J. Benzene-assisted photoionization positive ion mobility spectrometry coupled with a time-resolved introduction for field detecting dimethyl sulfide in seawater. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5168-5176. [PMID: 33073793 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has attracted widespread attention over several decades due to its potential role in linking ocean biology and climate. The air-to-sea exchange flux, estimated based on marine DMS concentration, offers useful information for evaluating its contribution to climate change. As such, field observation techniques with the characteristics of fast testing speed, portability and easy operation are in demand to accurately monitor the DMS in seawater. In this paper, we proposed a new strategy for the sensitive field measurement of DMS in seawater based on benzene-assisted photoionization positive ion mobility spectrometry (BAPI-PIMS) coupled with a time-resolved introduction. Benzene was employed as a dopant to improve the selectivity by keeping the other sulfur compounds from being ionized, while the two-dimensional data versus drift time and retention time were obtained via an online separating column to eliminate the adverse impact of environmental moisture. Under the optimization conditions, the LODs (S/N = 3) for two product-ion peaks (PIPs) of DMS decreased to 0.081 nmol L-1. Finally, the established method was applied to the lab and ship-board analysis of seawater from the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea in the summer of 2019, and DMS in surface seawater was in the range of 0.11-23.90 nmol L-1 with an average of 9.88 ± 6.96 nmol L-1, indicating the potential for the field detection of marine DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Peng
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Aswini AR, Hegde P, Aryasree S, Girach IA, Nair PR. Continental outflow of anthropogenic aerosols over Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean during wintertime: ICARB-2018 campaign. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135214. [PMID: 31836221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols over Arabian Sea (AS) and Indian Ocean (IO) have been carried out during the winter period (January to February 2018) as part of the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB-2018). Mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble and insoluble OC (WSOC, WIOC), primary and secondary OC (POC, SOC), water-soluble inorganic ions and trace metals have been estimated with a view to identify and quantify the major anthropogenic pollutants affecting the oceanic environments. Aerosol mass loading was found to exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity (varying from 13 to 84 μg m-3), significantly modulated by the origin of air-mass trajectories. Chemical analysis of aerosols revealed the presence of an intense pollution plume over south-eastern coastal Arabian Sea, near to south-west Indian peninsula (extending from ~ 12°N to 0° at 75°E) with a strong latitudinal gradient (~3 μg m-3/deg. from north to south) dominated by anthropogenic species contributing as high as 73% (38% nss-SO42-, 24.2% carbonaceous aerosols (21% Organic Matter, 3.2% EC) and 10% NH4+). Anthropogenic signature over oceanic environment was also evident from the dominance and high enrichment of elements like Zn, Cu, Mn and Pb in trace metals. Long-range transport of air-masses originating from Indo Gangetic Plains and its outflow regions in Bay of Bengal, has been seen over Arabian Sea during winter, that imparted such strong anthropogenic signatures over this oceanic environment. Comparison with previous cruise studies conducted nearly two decades ago shows a more than two-fold increase in the concentration of nss-SO42-, over the continental outflow region in Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Aswini
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Prashant Hegde
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - S Aryasree
- Institute for applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imran A Girach
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Prabha R Nair
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Cvitešić Kušan A, Kroflič A, Grgić I, Ciglenečki I, Frka S. Chemical characterization of fine aerosols in respect to water-soluble ions at the eastern Middle Adriatic coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10249-10264. [PMID: 31933087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations at the Middle Adriatic coastal site of Croatia were affected by different air-mass inflows and/or local sources and meteorological conditions, and peaked in summer. More polluted continental air-mass inflows mostly affected the area in the winter period, while southern marine pathways had higher impact in spring and summer. Chemical characterization of the water-soluble inorganic and organic ionic constituents is discussed with respect to seasonal trends, possible sources, and air-mass inputs. The largest contributors to the PM2.5 mass were sea salts modified by the presence of secondary sulfate-rich aerosols indicated also by principal component analysis. SO42- was the prevailing anion, while the anthropogenic SO42- (anth-nssSO42-) dominantly constituted the major non-sea-salt SO42- (nssSO42-) fraction. Being influenced by the marine origin, its biogenic fraction (bio-nssSO42-) increased particularly in the spring. During the investigated period, aerosols were generally acidic. High Cl- deficit was observed at Middle Adriatic location for which the acid displacement is primarily responsible. With nssSO42- being dominant in Cl- depletion, sulfur-containing species from anthropogenic pollution emissions may have profound impact on atmospheric composition through altering chlorine chemistry in this region. However, when accounting for the neutralization of H2SO4 by NH3, the potential of HNO3 and organic acids to considerably influence Cl- depletion is shown to increase. Intensive open-fire events substantially increased the PM2.5 concentrations and changed the water-soluble ion composition and aerosol acidity in summer of 2015. To our knowledge, this work presents the first time-resolved data evaluating the seasonal composition of water-soluble ions and their possible sources in PM2.5 at the Middle Adriatic area. This study contributes towards a better understanding of atmospheric composition in the coastal Adriatic area and serves as a basis for the comparison with future studies related to the air quality at the coastal Adriatic and/or Mediterranean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Kroflič
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Grgić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Ciglenečki
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Tarawneh MSM, Janardhana M, Ahmed MM. Hydrochemical processes and groundwater quality assessment in North eastern region of Jordan valley, Jordan. HYDRORESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hydres.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Song J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Fu P, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Wang S, Huang X, Xu W, Cao Z, Gromov S, Lai S. Influence of biomass burning on atmospheric aerosols over the western South China Sea: Insights from ions, carbonaceous fractions and stable carbon isotope ratios. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1800-1809. [PMID: 30093156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected during a cruise campaign over the western South China Sea (SCS) from August to September 2014. Ten water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and stable carbon isotope ratios of total carbon (δ13CTC) were measured. The average concentrations of total WSI, OC and EC were 7.91 ± 3.44 μg/m3, 2.04 ± 1.25 μg/m3 and 0.30 ± 0.22 μg/m3, respectively. Among the investigated WSI, sulfate (SO42-), sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) were the most abundant species, accounting for 39.2%, 24.5% and 14.3% of the total mass of the WSI, respectively. Significantly positive correlations of OC and EC with non-sea-salt potassium (nss-K+), a tracer for biomass burning, suggest that biomass burning is the major source of carbonaceous aerosols. The values of δ13CTC ranged from -26.6‰ to -24.4‰ with an average of -25.3 ± 0.7‰. Based on the literature data of δ13CTC, back-trajectory analysis and satellite fire spots, we propose that C3 plant burning in Southeast Asia significantly contributes to carbonaceous aerosols over the western SCS. This is also supported by a good correlation between δ13CTC and the mass ratios of nss-K+/TC. Furthermore, high Cl- depletion (73 ± 23%) was observed in the aerosols over the western SCS. Given the neutralization of SO42- by ammonium (NH4+), excess nss-SO42- and oxalate (C2O42-) made major contributions to Cl- depletion in the samples strongly influenced by biomass burning. This study provides useful information to better understand the influence of biomass burning on atmospheric aerosols over the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Environment Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lishan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Cao
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sergey Gromov
- Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Roshydromet and RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Senchao Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Sabuti AA, Mohamed CAR. Impact of northern and southern air mass transport on the temporal distribution of atmospheric (210)Po and (210)Pb in the east coast of Johor, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18451-18465. [PMID: 27287490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentration activities of (210)Pb and (210)Po in the PM10 were determined to discuss their distribution and chemical behavior in relation to meteorological parameters especially in air mass transport during monsoon events. Marine aerosol samples were collected between January 2009 and December 2010 at the coastal region of Mersing, which is located in the southern South China Sea and is about 160 km northeast of Johor Bahru, as part of the atmosphere-ocean interaction program in Malaysia. About 47 PM10 samples were collected using the Sierra-Andersen model 1200 PM10 sampler over a 2-year sampling campaign between January 2009 and December 2010. Samples were processed using acid digestion sequential extraction techniques to analyze various fractions such as Fe and Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual fractions. While, (210)Pb and (210)Po activities were measured with the Gross Alpha/Beta Counting System model XLB-5 Tennelec® Series 5 and the Alpha Spectrometry (model Alpha Analyst Spectroscopy system with a silicon-surface barrier detector), respectively. The distribution activities of (210)Pb and (210)Po in the PM10 samples were varied from 162 to 881 μBq/m(3) with mean value of 347 ± 170 μBq/m(3) and from 85 to 1009 μBq/m(3) with mean value of 318 ± 202 μBq/m(3), respectively. The analysis showed that (210)Po activity in our samples lies in a border and higher range than global distribution values due to contributions from external sources injected to the atmosphere. The speciation of (210)Pb and (210)Po in marine aerosol corresponds to transboundary haze; e.g., biomass burning especially forest fires and long-range air mass transport of terrestrial dust has enriched concentrations of particle mass in the local atmosphere. The monsoon seems to play an important role in transporting terrestrial dust from Indo-China and northern Asia especially during the northeast monsoon, as well as biogenic pollutants originating from Sumatra and the southern ASEAN region during southwest monsoon events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asnor Azrin Sabuti
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Che Abd Rahim Mohamed
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kim G, Cho HJ, Seo A, Kim D, Gim Y, Lee BY, Yoon YJ, Park K. Comparison of Hygroscopicity, Volatility, and Mixing State of Submicrometer Particles between Cruises over the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12024-12035. [PMID: 26389581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ship-borne measurements of ambient aerosols were conducted during an 11 937 km cruise over the Arctic Ocean (cruise 1) and the Pacific Ocean (cruise 2). A frequent nucleation event was observed during cruise 1 under marine influence, and the abundant organic matter resulting from the strong biological activity in the ocean could contribute to the formation of new particles and their growth to a detectable size. Concentrations of particle mass and black carbon increased with increasing continental influence from polluted areas. During cruise 1, multiple peaks of hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) of 1.1-1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 were found, and higher amounts of volatile organic species existed in the particles compared to that during cruise 2, which is consistent with the greater availability of volatile organic species caused by the strong oceanic biological activity (cruise 1). Internal mixtures of volatile and nonhygroscopic organic species, nonvolatile and less-hygroscopic organic species, and nonvolatile and hygroscopic nss-sulfate with varying fractions can be assumed to constitute the submicrometer particles. On the basis of elemental composition and morphology, the submicrometer particles were classified into C-rich mixture, S-rich mixture, C/S-rich mixture, Na-rich mixture, C/P-rich mixture, and mineral-rich mixture. Consistently, the fraction of biological particles (i.e., P-containing particles) increased when the ship traveled along a strongly biologically active area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibaek Kim
- National Leading Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joo Cho
- National Leading Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Arom Seo
- National Leading Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyung Kim
- National Leading Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeontae Gim
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yong Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Park
- National Leading Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Shakya KM, Peltier RE. Non-sulfate sulfur in fine aerosols across the United States: Insight for organosulfate prevalence. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2015; 100:159-166. [PMID: 25620874 PMCID: PMC4301615 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the discrepancies in long-term sulfur measurements from 2000 to 2012 by two separate speciation methods, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and ion chromatography (IC) across the United States (334 sites). Overall, there was a good correlation between sulfur measurements by XRF spectroscopy and IC (R ≥ 0.90 for most of the sites). However, the inorganic sulfate measured by ion chromatography was not sufficient to account for all the sulfur measured by XRF spectroscopy at many of the sites. Discrepancies were observed with the high ratios of sulfur measured by XRF spectroscopy to that by IC. Such high ratios also exhibited seasonal variation, and differed across land use types; significant differences occurred at locations classified as forest, agriculture, and mobile, but not in locations classified as commercial, desert, industrial, and residential. On average, the excess, or non-sulfate, sulfur (unmeasured organic sulfur or other inorganic species of sulfur) was variable and observed as high as ~13% of organic carbon and ~2% of PM2.5. The contribution of such assumed organosulfur was larger in the eastern region than other geographical locations in the United States. Besides the temporal and spatial trends, the additional sulfur was found to be related to other factors such as aerosol acidity and emission sources. The results suggest that these unmeasured sulfur species could have significant contribution to aerosol burden, and the understanding of these could help to control PM2.5 levels and to assess other effects of sulfur aerosols.
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Zhang SH, Yang GP, Zhang HH, Yang J. Spatial variation of biogenic sulfur in the south Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during summer and its contribution to atmospheric sulfate aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:157-167. [PMID: 24830928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distributions of biogenic sulfur compounds including dimethylsulfide (DMS), dissolved and particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd and DMSPp) were investigated in the South Yellow Sea (SYS) and the East China Sea (ECS) in July 2011. The concentrations of DMS and DMSPp were significantly correlated with the levels of chlorophyll a in the surface water. Simultaneously, relatively high ratio values of DMSP/chlorophyll a and DMS/chlorophyll a occurred in the areas where the phytoplankton community was dominated by dinoflagellates. The DMSPp and chlorophyll a size-fractionation showed that larger nanoplankton (5-20 μm) was the most important producer of DMSPp in the study area. The vertical profiles of DMS and DMSP were characterized by a maximum at the upper layer and the bottom concentrations were also relatively higher compared with the overlying layer of the bottom. In addition, a positive linear correlation was observed between dissolved dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOd) and DMS concentrations in the surface waters. The sea-to-air fluxes of DMS in the study area were estimated to be from 0.03 to 102.35 μmol m(-2) d(-1) with a mean of 16.73 μmol m(-2) d(-1) and the contribution of biogenic non-sea-salt SO4(2-) (nss-SO4(2-)) to the measured total nss-SO4(2-) in the atmospheric aerosol over the study area varied from 1.42% to 30.98%, with an average of 8.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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12
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Khairy H, Janardhana MR. Hydrogeochemical features of groundwater of semi-confined coastal aquifer in Amol-Ghaemshahr plain, Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9237-9264. [PMID: 23793778 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogeochemical data of groundwater from the semi-confined aquifer of a coastal two-tier aquifer in Amol-Ghaemshahr plain, Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran reveal salinization of the fresh groundwater (FGW). The saline groundwater zone is oriented at an angle to both Caspian Sea coastline and groundwater flow direction and extends inland from the coastline for more than 40 km. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient matrices, factor analysis data, and values of C ratio, chloro-alkaline indices, and Na(+)/Cl(-) molar ratio indicate that the ionic load in the FGW is derived essentially from carbonic acid-aided weathering of carbonates and aluminosilicate minerals, relict connate saline water, and ion exchange reactions. Saline groundwater samples (SGWS) (n = 20) can be classified into two groups. SGWS of group 1 (n = 17) represent the saline groundwater zone below the Caspian Sea level, and salinization is attributed essentially to (1) lateral intrusion of Caspian seawater as a consequence of (a) excessive withdrawal of groundwater from closely spaced bore wells located in the eastern part of the coastal zone and (b) imbalance between recharge and discharge of the two-tier aquifer and (2) upconing of paleobrine (interfaced with FGW) along deep wells. SGWS of this group contain, on average, 7.9% of saltwater, the composition of which is similar to that of Caspian seawater. SGWS of group 2 (n = 3) belong to the saline groundwater zone encountered above the Caspian Sea level, and salinization of the groundwater representing these samples is attributed to irrigation return flow (n = 2) and inflow of saline river water (n = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Khairy
- Department of Studies in Earth Science, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India,
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13
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Bates TS, Calhoun JA, Quinn PK. Variations in the methanesulfonate to sulfate molar ratio in submicrometer marine aerosol particles over the south Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Chen L, Wang J, Gao Y, Xu G, Yang X, Lin Q, Zhang Y. Latitudinal distributions of atmospheric MSA and MSA/nss-SO42−ratios in summer over the high latitude regions of the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Zhang M, Chen JM, Wang T, Cheng TT, Lin L, Bhatia RS, Hanvey M. Chemical characterization of aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean during two cruises in 2007 and 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Jalali M. Geochemistry characterization of groundwater in an agricultural area of Razan, Hamadan, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-008-1245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Mohamed AMO, El Bassouni KM. Externalities of fugitive dust. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 130:83-98. [PMID: 17171278 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is known that fugitive dust can cause human health and environmental problems, alone or in combination with other air pollutants. These problems are referred to as 'external costs' that have been traditionally ignored. However, there is a growing interest towards quantifying externalities to assist policy and decision-making. With this in mind, the present study aimed at discussing the environmental regulations that deal with fugitive dust, the impact of fugitive dust on human health and global climate system, and the available methods for calculating fugitive dust externalities. The damage cost associated with human health and global environmental problems was predicted based on the environmental strategy priority model. The damage cost estimated by the model ranged from 40 to 374 EUR/kg of emitted fugitive dust with a mean value of 120 EUR/kg of emitted fugitive dust. It was also found that PM(2.5) and PM(10) have contributed to about 60% and 36% of the estimated damage cost, respectively. The remaining 4% was attributed to both nitrate and sulfate aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Mohsen Onsy Mohamed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UAE University, P.O. Box 17555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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18
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Liu X, Penner JE, Das B, Bergmann D, Rodriguez JM, Strahan S, Wang M, Feng Y. Uncertainties in global aerosol simulations: Assessment using three meteorological data sets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Ginoux P, Horowitz LW, Ramaswamy V, Geogdzhayev IV, Holben BN, Stenchikov G, Tie X. Evaluation of aerosol distribution and optical depth in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model CM2.1 for present climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Barnes I, Hjorth J, Mihalopoulos N. Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Their Oxidation in the Atmosphere. Chem Rev 2006; 106:940-75. [PMID: 16522014 DOI: 10.1021/cr020529+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barnes
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, FB C-Physikalische Chemie, Gauss Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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21
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Liu X. Global modeling of aerosol dynamics: Model description, evaluation, and interactions between sulfate and nonsulfate aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Kaneyasu N, Takada H. Seasonal variations of sulfate, carbonaceous species (black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and trace elements in fine atmospheric aerosols collected at subtropical islands in the East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kaneyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
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23
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Johansen AM. Chemical characterization of ambient aerosol collected during the northeast monsoon season over the Arabian Sea: Anions and cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Iwasaka Y. Importance of dust particles in the free troposphere over the Taklamakan Desert: Electron microscopic experiments of particles collected with a balloonborne particle impactor at Dunhuang, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Ma J. Size distributions of ionic aerosols measured at Waliguan Observatory: Implication for nitrate gas-to-particle transfer processes in the free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Sasakawa M, Uematsu M. Chemical composition of aerosol, sea fog, and rainwater in the marine boundary layer of the northwestern North Pacific and its marginal seas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuo Uematsu
- Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo/Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
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27
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Allen AG, Oppenheimer C, Ferm M, Baxter PJ, Horrocks LA, Galle B, McGonigle AJS, Duffell HJ. Primary sulfate aerosol and associated emissions from Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Allen
- School of Geography; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - C. Oppenheimer
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - M. Ferm
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - P. J. Baxter
- Institute of Public Health; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | | | - B. Galle
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute; Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - H. J. Duffell
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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28
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Rotstayn LD, Lohmann U. Simulation of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in a global model with a physically based cloud scheme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon D. Rotstayn
- Division of Atmospheric Research; CSIRO; Aspendale Victoria Australia
| | - Ulrike Lohmann
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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29
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Gabriel R. Chemical characterization of submicron aerosol particles collected over the Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Xie ZQ. A potential source of atmospheric sulfur from penguin colony emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Kido M, Osada K, Matsunaga K, Iwasaka Y. Diurnal variation of ionic aerosol species and water-soluble gas concentrations at a high-elevation site in the Japanese Alps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Hanisch F, Crowley JN. Heterogeneous Reactivity of Gaseous Nitric Acid on Al2O3, CaCO3, and Atmospheric Dust Samples: A Knudsen Cell Study. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001254+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kettle AJ, Andreae MO. Flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans: A comparison of updated data sets and flux models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Chin M, Savoie DL, Huebert BJ, Bandy AR, Thornton DC, Bates TS, Quinn PK, Saltzman ES, De Bruyn WJ. Atmospheric sulfur cycle simulated in the global model GOCART: Comparison with field observations and regional budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Kim KH, Lee G, Kim YP. Dimethylsulfide and its oxidation products in coastal atmospheres of Cheju Island. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2000; 110:147-155. [PMID: 15092864 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/1999] [Accepted: 10/04/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in air and its oxidation products in aerosols were measured from the coastal atmospheres of Cheju Island, Korea, during three exploratory field experiments conducted over September 1997 through April 1998. According to our measurements, there were large fluctuations in the distribution of DMS and relevant species in the coastal atmospheres; the magnitude of variations was significant both within each measurement period and across different measurement periods. The mean mixing ratios of atmospheric DMS from the whole data sets were found within the range of 19 to 1140 pptv (n=84) with the grand mean value of 100 pptv. Like DMS, large variations in the data distribution were consistently seen from other species investigated concurrently. The concentrations of aerosol ions including non-seasalt sulfate (NSSS), seasalt sulfate (SSS), and methane sulfonate (MSA) spanned over two orders of magnitude such as 0.24-88 (mean 32), 0.08-17.2 (mean 3.70), and 0.01-0.78 (mean 0.16) nmol m(-3), respectively. The molar ratios of those ions were measured as: (1) NSSS/SSS in 1.26-95 (mean 44); (2) MSA/NSSS in 0.0002-0.063 (mean 0.009); and (3) NSSS/NO(3) in 0.21-9.5 (mean 2.35). Examinations of our measurement data indicated that the concentrations of DMS and relevant ions varied significantly across day/night periods and across different seasons. It was also seen that there are strong differences in seasonal distribution patterns between fall, winter, and spring. Detailed analysis of the data sets revealed that changes in their distribution patterns were in strong compliance with changes in meteorological conditions. Especially, large fluctuations in magnitudes and amplitudes of springtime DMS concentrations were coinciding with the intrusion of southeasterly winds, suggesting the possibility that the DMS-rich air masses were brought into the study area from the productive waters of the southeast coastal area of Cheju. Similarly to the case of DMS, the occurrence of unusual wind patterns during spring contributed to changes in the content and composition of aerosol ions. Although the introduction of southeasterly winds during spring helped maintain high DMS and MSA levels, the concentrations of aerosol ions dropped significantly because of depositional loss during the passage of air mass over land area. According to the procedures of Wylie and De Mora, we reached the conclusion that the magnitude of annual DMS emissions in the western Korean sea were in the range of 5 to 18 Gg S.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- Atmospheric Environment Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Sejong University/Sejong Institution, Kun Ja Dong, Kwang Jin Goo, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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36
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Kaneyasu N, Murayama S. High concentrations of black carbon over middle latitudes in the North Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Patris N, Mihalopoulos N, Baboukas ED, Jouzel J. Isotopic composition of sulfur in size-resolved marine aerosols above the Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Johansen AM, Siefert RL, Hoffmann MR. Chemical composition of aerosols collected over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Johansen AM, Siefert RL, Hoffmann MR. Chemical characterization of ambient aerosol collected during the southwest monsoon and intermonsoon seasons over the Arabian Sea: Anions and cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Dibb JE, Talbot RW, Scheuer EM, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Thornton DC. Aerosol chemical composition and distribution during the Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Davis D, Chen G, Bandy A, Thornton D, Eisele F, Mauldin L, Tanner D, Lenschow D, Fuelberg H, Huebert B, Heath J, Clarke A, Blake D. Dimethyl sulfide oxidation in the equatorial Pacific: Comparison of model simulations with field observations for DMS, SO2, H2SO4(g), MSA(g), MS and NSS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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McArdle N, Liss P, Dennis P. An isotopic study of atmospheric sulphur at three sites in Wales and at Mace Head, Eire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Wang T, Lam KS, Chan LY, Lee ASY, Carroll MA. Trace gas measurements in coastal Hong Kong during the PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Arimoto R, Duce RA, Prospero JM, Savoie DL, Talbot RW, Dibb JE, Heikes BG, Ray BJ, Lewis NF, Tomza U. Comparisons of trace constituents from ground stations and the DC-8 aircraft during PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Chen LL, Carmichael GR, Hong MS, Ueda H, Shim S, Song CH, Kim YP, Arimoto R, Prospero J, Savoie D, Murano K, Park JK, Lee HG, Kang C. Influence of continental outflow events on the aerosol composition at Cheju Island, South Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Jaffe D, Mahura A, Kelley J, Atkins J, Novelli PC, Merrill J. Impact of Asian emissions on the remote North Pacific atmosphere: Interpretation of CO data from Shemya, Guam, Midway and Mauna Loa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Saltzman ES, Whung PY, Mayewski PA. Methanesulfonate in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Holmes J, Samberg T, McInnes L, Zieman J, Zoller W, Harris J. Long-term aerosol and trace acidic gas collection at Mauna Loa Observatory 1979-1991. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Carmichael GR, Hong MS, Ueda H, Chen LL, Murano K, Park JK, Lee H, Kim Y, Kang C, Shim S. Aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Wylie DJ, de Mora SJ. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide and sulfur species in aerosol and rainwater at a coastal site in New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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