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Hu M, Yingyu Z, Zhang M, Wang Q, Cheng W, Hou L, Yuan J, Yu Z, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang W. Functionalizing tetrahedral framework nucleic acids-based nanostructures for tumor in situ imaging and treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 240:113982. [PMID: 38788473 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Timely in situ imaging and effective treatment are efficient strategies in improving the therapeutic effect and survival rate of tumor patients. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in the development of DNA nanomaterials for tumor in situ imaging and treatment, due to their unsurpassed structural stability, excellent material editability, excellent biocompatibility and individual endocytic pathway. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), are a typical example of DNA nanostructures demonstrating superior stability, biocompatibility, cell-entry performance, and flexible drug-loading ability. tFNAs have been shown to be effective in achieving timely tumor in situ imaging and precise treatment. Therefore, the progress in the fabrication, characterization, modification and cellular internalization pathway of tFNAs-based functional systems and their potential in tumor in situ imaging and treatment applications were systematically reviewed in this article. In addition, challenges and future prospects of tFNAs in tumor in situ imaging and treatment as well as potential clinical applications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hu
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Zhang Yingyu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Qionglin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Ligong Hou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Jingya Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
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2
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Jestřábová I, Poštová Slavětínská L, Hocek M. Arylethynyl- or Alkynyl-Linked Pyrimidine and 7-Deazapurine 2'-Deoxyribonucleoside 3'-Phosphoramidites for Chemical Synthesis of Hypermodified Hydrophobic Oligonucleotides. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39447-39453. [PMID: 37901526 PMCID: PMC10601081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a set of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphoramidites derived from 5-phenylethynyluracil, 5-(pentyn-1-yl)cytosine, 7-(indol-3-yl)ethynyl-7-deazaadenine, and 7-isopropylethynyl-7-deazaguanine. These nucleoside phosphoramidites were successfully used for automated solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides containing one or several modifications, including fully modified sequences where every nucleobase was displaying a modification, and their hybridization was studied. The phosphoramidite building blocks have potential for synthesis of hypermodified aptamers and other functional nucleic acid-based polymers, which sequence-specifically display amino acid-like hydrophobic substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jestřábová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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3
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Ostovar T, Zadehbagheri S, Hekmatimoghaddam SH. Comparison of different types of liposomal nano structures for microRNA transfection to human mesenchymal stem cell line S1939. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:217-233. [PMID: 36070588 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2120198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Liposomes are utilized as a drug delivery carrier in various fields of biomedicine. They are synthesized in the nanometer-size range and are becoming a viable drug delivery carrier for the treatment of different diseases. MicroRNAs as regulatory elements could be transferred to cells for changing their morphology or physiology. The study's major aim is to find the optimized formula of liposomes for transfection of microRNA to human mesenchymal stem cell line S1939 (HMSCs). Materials and Methods: Various ratios of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol, 1, 2 dioleoyloxy-3- (trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were combined. The mean diameter of all formulations and their surface properties were determined by a zeta sizer device and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The cytotoxicity of formulations was assessed using MTT (3,4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl) (2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The transfection effectiveness of liposomal miRNA vs empty liposomes was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The optimized liposome vesicles were prepared using 45:30:27.5:5 molar ratios of SPC:DOTAP:cholesterol: DSPE-PEG. The liposome formulations F10 and F18 were the best in terms of biocompatibility because of the higher viabilities of treated cells. The best formulation (F18, containing 0.7 µg of miRNA and 10 µg of liposome) was nearly 100% efficient in sequestering and fixing miRNA. Phase-contrast and fluorescent microscopic examinations showed intra-nuclear as well as intracytoplasmic localization of the particles. Conclusion: Some easily prepared liposomal formulation vehicles are quite efficient in the transfection of miRNA into the HMSCs and could be used for in vitro applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmine Ostovar
- Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sahar Zadehbagheri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hekmatimoghaddam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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4
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Shen J, Chen J, Ma J, Fan L, Zhang X, Yue T, Yan Y, Zhang Y. Enhanced lysosome escape mediated by 1,2-dicarboxylic-cyclohexene anhydride-modified poly-l-lysine dendrimer as a gene delivery system. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:759-776. [PMID: 33363631 PMCID: PMC7750821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) can directly interfere a series of biological events of the target RNA derived from tumor cells through Watson-Crick base pairing, in turn, plays antitumor therapeutic roles. In the study, a novel HIF-1α ASODN-loaded nanocomposite was formulated to efficiently deliver gene to the target RNA. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite were characterized using TEM, FTIR, DLS and zeta potentials. The mean diameter of resulting GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA nanocomposite was about 170-192 nm, and according to the agarose gel retardation assay, the loading amount of ASODN accounted for 166.7 mg/g. The results of cellular uptake showed that the nanocomposite could specifically target to HepG2 and Hela cells. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the toxicity of vectors was greatly reduced by using DCA to reversibly block the cationic DGL. The subcellular distribution images clearly displayed the lysosomal escape ability of the DCA-modified nanocomposite. In vitro exploration of molecular mechanism indicated that the nanocomposite could inhibit mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein translation at different levels. In vivo optical images and quantitative assay testified that the formulation accumulated preferentially in the tumor tissue. In vivo antitumor efficacy research confirmed that this nanocomposite had significant antitumor activity and the tumor inhibitory rate was 77.99%. These results manifested that the GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA nanocomposite was promising in gene therapeutics for antitumor by interacting directly with target RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Linlan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Ting Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Ondruš M, Sýkorová V, Bednárová L, Pohl R, Hocek M. Enzymatic synthesis of hypermodified DNA polymers for sequence-specific display of four different hydrophobic groups. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11982-11993. [PMID: 33152081 PMCID: PMC7708046 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of modified 2′-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) bearing a linear or branched alkane, indole or phenyl group linked through ethynyl or alkyl spacer were synthesized and used as substrates for polymerase synthesis of hypermodified DNA by primer extension (PEX). Using the alkyl-linked dNTPs, the polymerase synthesized up to 22-mer fully modified oligonucleotide (ON), whereas using the ethynyl-linked dNTPs, the enzyme was able to synthesize even long sequences of >100 modified nucleotides in a row. In PCR, the combinations of all four modified dNTPs showed only linear amplification. Asymmetric PCR or PEX with separation or digestion of the template strand can be used for synthesis of hypermodified single-stranded ONs, which are monodispersed polymers displaying four different substituents on DNA backbone in sequence-specific manner. The fully modified ONs hybridized with complementary strands and modified DNA duplexes were found to exist in B-type conformation (B- or C-DNA) according to CD spectral analysis. The modified DNA can be replicated with high fidelity to natural DNA through PCR and sequenced. Therefore, this approach has a promising potential in generation and selection of hypermodified aptamers and other functional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ondruš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Sýkorová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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6
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Chen B, Mei L, Wang Y, Guo G. Advances in intelligent DNA nanomachines for targeted cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1018-1029. [PMID: 33217344 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging field, DNA nanotechnology has been applied to the fabrication of drug delivery systems. Unprecedented spatial addressability and intrinsic sequence encoding enable DNA strands to self-assemble into well-defined 2D and 3D DNA nanostructures with specifically controlled sizes, shapes and surface charges. Multifunctional DNA nanostructures have been created and applied as promising platforms for drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics. Advantages of chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, among others, have been integrated into such functional nanodevices, showing potential in tumor-targeted therapy and diagnosis. In this review, we summarize general methods for the construction of DNA nanodevices and focus on targeting strategies favored by the compatibility of DNA nanotechnology. Additionally, we highlight the outlook and challenges facing the use of DNA nanotechnology in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuelong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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7
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Fu W, Tang L, Wei G, Fang L, Zeng J, Zhan R, Liu X, Zuo H, Huang CZ, Mao C. Rational Design of pH‐Responsive DNA Motifs with General Sequence Compatibility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16405-16410. [PMID: 31529580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Gaohui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Oncology The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400700 China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Renjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Hua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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8
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Fu W, Tang L, Wei G, Fang L, Zeng J, Zhan R, Liu X, Zuo H, Huang CZ, Mao C. Rational Design of pH‐Responsive DNA Motifs with General Sequence Compatibility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Gaohui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Oncology The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400700 China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Renjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Hua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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9
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Post N, Yu R, Greenlee S, Gaus H, Hurh E, Matson J, Wang Y. Metabolism and Disposition of Volanesorsen, a 2'- O-(2 methoxyethyl) Antisense Oligonucleotide, Across Species. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1164-1173. [PMID: 31350288 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volanesorsen (previously known as ISIS 304801) is a 20-nucleotide partially 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (2'-MOE)-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) gapmer, which was recently approved in the European Union as a novel, first-in-class treatment in the reduction of triglyceride levels in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. We characterized the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics of volanesorsen in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans, in either radiolabeled or nonradiolabeled studies. This also included the characterization of all of the observed ASO metabolite species excreted in urine. Volanesorsen is highly bound to plasma proteins that are similar in mice, monkeys, and humans. In all species, plasma concentrations declined in a multiphasic fashion, characterized by a relatively fast initial distribution phase and then a much slower terminal elimination phase following subcutaneous bolus administration. The plasma metabolite profiles of volanesorsen are similar across species, with volanesorsen as the major component. Various shortened oligonucleotide metabolites (5-19 nucleotides long) were identified in tissues in the multiple-dose mouse and monkey studies, but fewer in the [3H]-volanesorsen rat study, likely due to a lower accumulation of metabolites following a single dose in rats. In urine, all metabolites identified in tissues were observed, consistent with both endo- and exonuclease-mediated metabolism and urinary excretion being the major elimination pathway for volanesorsen and its metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We characterized the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of volanesorsen, a partially 2'-MOE-modified antisense oligonucleotide, from mouse to man utilizing novel extraction and quantitation techniques in samples collected from preclinical toxicology studies, a 3H rat ADME study, and a phase 1 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Post
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
| | - Rosie Yu
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
| | - Sarah Greenlee
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
| | - Hans Gaus
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
| | - Eunju Hurh
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
| | - John Matson
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- PK and Clinical Pharmacology (N.P., R.Y., S.G., J.M., Y.W.) and Medicinal Chemistry (H.G.), Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California; and PK and Clinical Pharmacology, Akcea Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts (E.H.)
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10
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Maeda M, Kojima T, Song Y, Takayama S. DNA-Based Biomaterials for Immunoengineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801243. [PMID: 30516349 PMCID: PMC6407644 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Man-made DNA materials hold the potential to modulate specific immune pathways toward immunoactivating or immunosuppressive cascades. DNA-based biomaterials introduce DNA into the extracellular environment during implantation or delivery, and subsequently intracellularly upon phagocytosis or degradation of the material. Therefore, the immunogenic functionality of biological and synthetic extracellular DNA should be considered to achieve desired immune responses. In vivo, extracellular DNA from both endogenous and exogenous sources holds immunoactivating functions which can be traced back to the molecular features of DNA, such as sequence and length. Extracellular DNA is recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), by immune cell receptors, activating either proinflammatory signaling pathways or immunosuppressive cell functions. Although extracellular DNA promotes protective immune responses during early inflammation such as bacterial killing, recent advances demonstrate that unresolved and elevated DNA concentrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and fibrosis. Therefore, addressing the immunogenicity of DNA enables immune responses to be engineered by optimizing their activating and suppressive performance per application. To this end, emerging biology relevant to the generation of extracellular DNA, DNA sensors, and its role concerning existing and future synthetic DNA biomaterials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Maeda
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Taisuke Kojima
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yang Song
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA,
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11
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Suppression of prostate tumor cell survival by antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of AR-V7 mRNA synthesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:3696-3709. [PMID: 30664691 PMCID: PMC6756119 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms by which advanced prostate cancer develops resistance to androgen deprivation therapy is the elevated expression of C-terminally truncated androgen receptor (AR) variants. These variants, such as AR-V7, originate from aberrant splicing of the AR pre-mRNA and the inclusion of a cryptic exon containing a premature stop codon in the mRNA. The resulting loss of the ligand-binding domain allows AR-V7 to act as a constitutively active transcription factor. Here, we designed two antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) directed against cryptic splicing signals within the AR pre-mRNA. These two AONs, AON-ISE and AON-ESE, demonstrated high efficiency in silencing AR-V7 splicing without affecting full-length AR expression. The subsequent downregulation of AR-V7-target gene UBE2C was accompanied by inhibition of androgen-independent cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-derived cell line models 22Rv1, DuCaP, and VCaP. Our results show that splicing-directed AONs can efficiently prevent expression of AR-V7, providing an attractive new therapeutic option for the treatment of CRPC.
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Intracellular oligonucleotide delivery using the cell penetrating peptide Xentry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11256. [PMID: 30050146 PMCID: PMC6062516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the use of two cationic peptides, Xentry-KALA (XK) and Xentry-Protamine (XP), for intracellular delivery of Connexin43 antisense oligonucleotides (Cx43AsODN). The charge and size of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP complexes was determined by Zetasizer analysis. The earliest positive zeta potential reading was obtained at a 1:2 and 1:1.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP respectively, with Cx43AsODN:XK resulting in overall larger complexes than Cx43AsODN:XP. Gel shift mobility assays revealed complete complex formation at a 1:2.5 and 1:2.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP, respectively. Cellular uptake studies were carried out in ARPE-19 cells. While both complexes were able to enter the cells, Cx43AsODN:XK uptake appeared punctate and circular indicative of endosomal containment. Cx43AsODN:XP uptake, in contrast, resulted in diffuse appearance inside the cell suggesting endosomal escape of the cargo. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that Cx43AsODN:XP was able to knockdown Cx43 expression in these cells under normal and hypoxic conditions.
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Yang J, Jiang Q, He L, Zhan P, Liu Q, Liu S, Fu M, Liu J, Li C, Ding B. Self-Assembled Double-Bundle DNA Tetrahedron for Efficient Antisense Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23693-23699. [PMID: 29963858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are promising biomaterials capable of arranging multiple functional components with nanometer precision. Here, a double-bundle DNA tetrahedron is rationally designed to integrate with antisense oligonucleotides silencing proto-oncogene c-raf and nuclear targeting peptides. The functionalized DNA tetrahedron can be internalized by A549 cells and assists the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides toward the nucleus to increase the chance to downregulate target mRNA in nucleus and cytoplasm. Antisense strands released from the tetrahedron in response to the intracellular reducing environment can inhibit cell proliferation at a low concentration without transfection reagent. Finally, efficient knockdown of c-raf gene is observed, which verified our design. This designer DNA-based nanocarrier system will open a new avenue for efficient delivery of nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Pengfei Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Meifang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Can Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Meng M, Ducho C. Oligonucleotide analogues with cationic backbone linkages. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1293-1308. [PMID: 29977397 PMCID: PMC6009206 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Their unique ability to selectively bind specific nucleic acid sequences makes oligonucleotides promising bioactive agents. However, modifications of the nucleic acid structure are an essential prerequisite for their application in vivo or even in cellulo. The oligoanionic backbone structure of oligonucleotides mainly hampers their ability to penetrate biological barriers such as cellular membranes. Hence, particular attention has been given to structural modifications of oligonucleotides which reduce their overall number of negative charges. One such approach is the site-specific replacement of the negatively charged phosphate diester linkage with alternative structural motifs which are positively charged at physiological pH, thus resulting in zwitterionic or even oligocationic backbone structures. This review provides a general overview of this concept and summarizes research on four according artificial backbone linkages: aminoalkylated phosphoramidates (and related systems), guanidinium groups, S-methylthiourea motifs, and nucleosyl amino acid (NAA)-derived modifications. The synthesis and properties of the corresponding oligonucleotide analogues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Sharma A, Tiwari P, Dutt Konar A. The dominant role of side chains in supramolecular double helical organisation in synthetic tripeptides. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Weingrill RB, Hoshida MS, Martinhago CD, Correa-Silva S, Cardoso E, Palmeira P, Marinho CRF, Bevilacqua E. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 expressed by trophoblast cells and leukocytes bearing its receptor Ccr9: An alliance during embryo implantation? Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29154408 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We hypothesized that trophoblast expression of Ccl25 attracts a specific leukocyte cell population to the implantation site for local regulation. METHOD OF STUDY Mice blastocysts, ectoplacental cones, and decidua at gestational days 3.5-7.5 were evaluated for Ccl25 and Ccr9 expressions. Peripheral availability and characterization of Ccr9+ leukocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Leukocyte chemotaxis was assessed in the presence of Ccl25 recombinant protein and embryos using antisense oligomers (ODNs) to Ccl25 and Ccr9 neutralizing antibody. RESULTS Ccl25 was expressed by embryonic cells, whereas Ccr9 expression was strong at the maternal compartment and in PBMC. Immunolocalization confirmed this expression. In vitro, chemotaxis assays showed that the embryonic Ccl25 signals to Ccr9+ PBMCs. Maternal Ccr9+α4β7+ monocytes switch from an anti-inflammatory phenotype (F4/80+11b+Ly6C-TGF-β+ cells, pre-implantation) to an inflammatory profile (F4/80+11b+Ly6C+TNF-α+ cells, post-implantation). CONCLUSION Our data support the establishment of a CCL25/CCR9-axis at the maternal-fetal interface in mice, which may be involved in immune regulatory mechanisms during embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barbano Weingrill
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara S Hoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Correa-Silva
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cardoso
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Palmeira
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yu B, Meng F, Yang Y, Liu D, Shi K. NOX2 Antisense Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocyte. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:646-52. [PMID: 27499697 PMCID: PMC4974913 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart ischemia is a hypoxia related disease. NOX2 and HIF-1α proteins were increased in cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship of the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α. NOX2-derived oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocyte remains unclear. In the current study, we use NOX2 antisense strategy to investigate the role of NOX2 in hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that transduction of ADV-NOX2-AS induces potent silencing of NOX2 in cardiomyocytes, and resulting in attenuation of hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study indicates the potential of antisense-based therapies and validates NOX2 as a potent therapeutic candidate for heart ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of cardiology, China-Japan union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Department of cardiology, China-Japan union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yushuang Yang
- Department of cardiology, China-Japan union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dongna Liu
- Department of cardiology, China-Japan union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Department of cardiology, China-Japan union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China
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19
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Ducho C. Enzymatically Cleavable siRNA Prodrugs: a New Paradigm for the Intracellular Delivery of RNA-Based Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1625-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lavigne C, Yelle J, Sauve G, Thierry AR. Is antisense an appropriate nomenclature or design for oligodeoxynucleotides aimed at the inhibition of HIV-1 replication? AAPS PHARMSCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1208/ps040207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Fu P, Sun L, Cao X, Li L, Zhao C. MDM2 molecular imaging for the prediction of chemotherapeutic sensitivity in human breast cancer xenograft. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25022573 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible use of mouse double-minute 2 (MDM2) molecular imaging to predict chemotherapeutic sensitivity in breast cancer xenografts (BCXs). MCF-7 cells were transfected with MDM2 antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs), and MDM2 expression levels were determined by Western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in MCF-7 cells transfected with ASONs and treated with paclitaxel. BCXs were established in nude mice by injection of ASONs, and tumor volumes were measured after paclitaxel treatment. MDM2 ASONs were labeled with 99mTc to generate an MDM2 molecular probe, and MDM2 expression levels were evaluated by imaging and Western blotting. MDM2 ASONs downregulated MDM2 expression in a dose-dependent manner and increased the rate of paclitaxel-induced cell growth inhibition. Imaging of tumors revealed significant differences in the tumor to skeletal muscle (T/M) ratio between groups. Tumor MDM2 protein expression was correlated with T/M ratios at 4 hours (R = .880) and 10 hours (R = .886). The effect of paclitaxel varied among nude mice bearing BCXs with different concentrations of ASONs, as shown by differences in tumor growth. MDM2 molecular imaging could be a promising method for predicting the sensitivity of BCXs to chemotherapy.
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22
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Venkatesham A, Kachare D, Schepers G, Rozenski J, Froeyen M, Van Aerschot A. Hybridisation potential of 1',3'-Di-O-methylaltropyranoside nucleic acids. Molecules 2015; 20:4020-41. [PMID: 25741897 PMCID: PMC6272658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In further study of our series of six-membered ring-containing nucleic acids, different 1',3'-di-O-methyl altropyranoside nucleoside analogs (DMANA) were synthesized comprising all four base moieties, adenine, cytosine, uracil and guanine. Following assembly into oligonucleotides (ONs), their affinity for natural oligonucleotides was evaluated by thermal denaturation of the respective duplexes. Data were compared with results obtained previously for both anhydrohexitol (HNAs) and 3'-O-methylated altrohexitol modified ONs (MANAs). We hereby demonstrate that ONs modified with DMANA monomers, unlike some of our previously described analogues with constrained 6-membered hexitol rings, did not improve thermodynamic stability of dsRNA complexes, most probably in view of an energetic penalty when forced in the required 1C4 pairing conformation. Overall, a single incorporation was more or less tolerated or even positive for the adenine congener, but incorporation of a second modification afforded a slight destabilization (except for A), while a fully modified sequence displayed a thermal stability of -0.3 °C per modification. The selectivity of pairing remained very high, and the new modification upon incorporation into a DNA strand, strongly destabilized the corresponding DNA duplexes. Unfortunately, this new modification does not bring any advantage to be further evaluated for antisense or siRNA applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkaladevi Venkatesham
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Dhuldeo Kachare
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Guy Schepers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jef Rozenski
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Arthur Van Aerschot
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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Schmidtgall B, Höbartner C, Ducho C. NAA-modified DNA oligonucleotides with zwitterionic backbones: stereoselective synthesis of A-T phosphoramidite building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:50-60. [PMID: 25670992 PMCID: PMC4311628 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications of the nucleic acid backbone are essential for the development of oligonucleotide-derived bioactive agents. The NAA-modification represents a novel artificial internucleotide linkage which enables the site-specific introduction of positive charges into the otherwise polyanionic backbone of DNA oligonucleotides. Following initial studies with the introduction of the NAA-linkage at T-T sites, it is now envisioned to prepare NAA-modified oligonucleotides bearing the modification at X-T motifs (X = A, C, G). We have therefore developed the efficient and stereoselective synthesis of NAA-linked 'dimeric' A-T phosphoramidite building blocks for automated DNA synthesis. Both the (S)- and the (R)-configured NAA-motifs were constructed with high diastereoselectivities to furnish two different phosphoramidite reagents, which were employed for the solid phase-supported automated synthesis of two NAA-modified DNA oligonucleotides. This represents a significant step to further establish the NAA-linkage as a useful addition to the existing 'toolbox' of backbone modifications for the design of bioactive oligonucleotide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmidtgall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33 098 Paderborn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37 077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37 077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33 098 Paderborn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Kogami M, Koketsu M. An efficient method for the synthesis of selenium modified nucleosides: its application in the synthesis of Se-adenosyl-l-selenomethionine (SeAM). Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9405-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A versatile method for the synthesis of 5′-selenium modified nucleosides has been explored on the basis of a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (TSE) selenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kogami
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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25
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Baltayiannis G, Karayiannis P. Treatment options beyond IFNα and NUCs for chronic HBV infection: expectations for tomorrow. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:753-61. [PMID: 25271858 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and end-stage liver failure with time. Interruption of this process can only be achieved through effective antiviral treatment. This approach has so far involved the use of immunomodulators such as pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) for a finite period of up to a year and nucleos-(t)ide analogues (NUCs) for treatment over much longer periods of time. The latter act by suppressing HBV replication at the level of DNA synthesis by inhibiting the viral reverse transcriptase/DNA polymerase and causing premature termination of DNA synthesis. The ideal treatment end point is loss of HBsAg in both HBeAg+ve and HBeAg-ve patients following monotherapy. This, however, is only achievable in a minority of patients. Secondary outcomes are durable HBeAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBe, which occur in about 18-30% of HBeAg+ve patients depending on the antiviral used, and sustained suppression of HBV-DNA accompanied by biochemical normalization and histological improvement in non-HBeAg+ve seroconverting and HBeAg-ve patients. There is therefore a need for additional direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting different stages of the life cycle of the virus, as well as immunotherapeutic approaches. Such developments may pave the way for their use either alone or more likely in combination in the fight against chronic HBV infection. Such drugs or approaches, which are currently undergoing preclinical or clinical testing, are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baltayiannis
- Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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O'Carroll SJ, Becker DL, Davidson JO, Gunn AJ, Nicholson LFB, Green CR. The use of connexin-based therapeutic approaches to target inflammatory diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1037:519-46. [PMID: 24029957 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-505-7_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in Connexin43 (Cx43) expression levels have been shown to play a role in inflammatory processes including skin wounding and neuroinflammation. Cx43 protein levels increase following a skin wound and can inhibit wound healing. Increased Cx43 has been observed following stroke, epilepsy, ischemia, optic nerve damage, and spinal cord injury with gap junctional communication and hemichannel opening leading to increased secondary damage via the inflammatory response. Connexin43 modulation has been identified as a potential target for protection and repair in neuroinflammation and skin wound repair. This review describes the use of a Cx43 specific antisense oligonucleotide (Cx43 AsODN) and peptide mimetics of the connexin extracellular loop domain to modulate Cx43 expression and/or function in inflammatory disorders of the skin and central nervous system. An overview of the role of connexin43 in inflammatory conditions, how antisense and peptide have allowed us to elucidate the role of Cx43 in these diseases, create models of diseases to test interventions and their potential for use clinically or in current clinical trials is presented. Antisense oligonucleotides are applied topically and have been used to improve wound healing following skin injury. They have also been used to develop ex vivo models of neuroinflammatory diseases that will allow testing of intervention strategies. The connexin mimetic peptides have shown potential in a number of neuroinflammatory disorders in ex vivo models as well as in vivo when delivered directly to the injury site or when delivered systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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DNA nanotechnology-based development of delivery systems for bioactive compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 58:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Babu Kumar A, Manetsch R. Regioselective O2′, O3′-Deacetylations of Peracetylated Ribonucleosides by Using Tetra- n-butylammonium Fluoride. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liu S, He J, Chen X, Ding Y, Geng Y, Wu M, Liu X, Wang Y. Costimulatory molecule CD28 participates in the process of embryo implantation in mice. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:686-95. [PMID: 24336670 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113512537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex process requiring reciprocal interactions between implantation-competent blastocysts and receptive uteri. Accumulating literatures have indicated that T cells are involved in this process. The first signal mediated by T-cell receptor/CD3 complex and the second signal delivered by costimulatory molecules are essential for the differentiation of T cell into an effector cell. Expression and function of CD28, an important costimulatory molecule, during early pregnancy in mice is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of CD28 in mouse uterus during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that injection of the uterine horn with CD28 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides leads to a decreased number of implantation sites. The expression pattern of CD3 protein examined by IHC is similar to that of CD28. These findings suggest that CD28 participates in the process of embryo implantation in mice, which might play its role through delivering the second costimulatory signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjing Liu
- 1Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Dai WQ, Xu XF, Wang F, He L, Guo CY. Effects of multiple-target anti-microRNA antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides on proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3203-7. [PMID: 22994734 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS To investigate the inhibiting effects of multi-target anti-microRNA antisense oligonucleotide (MTg-AMOs) on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells. METHODS Single anti-microRNA antisense oligonucleotides (AMOs) and MTg-AMOs for miR-221, 21, and 106a were designed and transfected into SGC7901, a gastric cancer cell line, to target the activity of these miRNAs. Their expression was analyzed using stem-loop RT-PCR and effects of MTg-AMOs on human gastric cancer cells were determined using the following two assay methods: CCK8 for cell proliferation and transwells for migration. RESULTS In the CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, 0.6 μmol/L was selected as the preferred concentration of MTg-AMOs and incubation time was 72 hours. Under these experimental conditions, MTg-AMOs demonstrated better suppression of the expression of miR-221, miR-106a, miR-21 in gastric cancer cells than that of single AMOs (P = 0.014, 0.024; 0.038, respectively). Migration activity was also clearly decreased as compared to those in randomized and blank control groups (28 ± 4 Vs 54 ± 3, P <0.01; 28 ± 4 Vs 59 ± 4, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MTg-AMOs can specifically inhibit the expression of multiple miRNAs, and effectively antagonize proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells promoted by oncomirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Konar AD. Can a single pyridinedicarboxylic acid be ample enough to nucleate supramolecular double helices in enantiomeric pseudopeptides? CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce26912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Feng J, Wu J. Nanoporous gold channel with attached DNA nanolock for drug screening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3786-3790. [PMID: 22972596 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Feng
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Yu RZ, Grundy JS, Geary RS. Clinical pharmacokinetics of second generation antisense oligonucleotides. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 9:169-82. [PMID: 23231725 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.737320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple "second generation" gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) of varying chemistries have been evaluated as potential therapeutic agents in the clinic. Compared to first generation chemistries, second generation ASOs consistently demonstrate greater biological stability, greater in vitro/in vivo potency, and less non-hybridization based toxicities. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize previously publshed clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of second generation ASOs following intravenous or subcutaneous administration. EXPERT OPINION Our understanding of potential roles of RNAs in maintaining normal health and contribution to various diseases is increasing; thus directly targeting RNAs (with second generation ASOs) present a compelling therapeutic strategy. Further, the similar clinical PK properties across the class of second generation ASOs helps facilitate their clinical development. The majority of published information available for assessment is restricted to acute/sub-acute early clinical development. A limited but growing database on chronic dosing of second generation ASOs, across various patient and special populations, and also with non-systemic local delivery approaches, will help further characterize the clinical PK properties of these compounds and better quantify the extent and sources of any observed PK variability and potential impact on clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Z Yu
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacokinetics & Clinical Pharmacology, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA.
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Galaway FA, Stockley PG. MS2 Viruslike Particles: A Robust, Semisynthetic Targeted Drug Delivery Platform. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:59-68. [DOI: 10.1021/mp3003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis A. Galaway
- Astbury Centre
for Structural Molecular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Peter G. Stockley
- Astbury Centre
for Structural Molecular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
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Potential of Antisense Technology in the Treatment of Immunological Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Passalacqua KD, Varadarajan A, Weist C, Ondov BD, Byrd B, Read TD, Bergman NH. Strand-specific RNA-seq reveals ordered patterns of sense and antisense transcription in Bacillus anthracis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43350. [PMID: 22937038 PMCID: PMC3425587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genome-wide transcriptional analysis has been used for many years to study bacterial gene expression, many aspects of the bacterial transcriptome remain undefined. One example is antisense transcription, which has been observed in a number of bacteria, though the function of antisense transcripts, and their distribution across the bacterial genome, is still unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Single-stranded RNA-seq results revealed a widespread and non-random pattern of antisense transcription covering more than two thirds of the B. anthracis genome. Our analysis revealed a variety of antisense structural patterns, suggesting multiple mechanisms of antisense transcription. The data revealed several instances of sense and antisense expression changes in different growth conditions, suggesting that antisense transcription may play a role in the ways in which B. anthracis responds to its environment. Significantly, genome-wide antisense expression occurred at consistently higher levels on the lagging strand, while the leading strand showed very little antisense activity. Intrasample gene expression comparisons revealed a gene dosage effect in all growth conditions, where genes farthest from the origin showed the lowest overall range of expression for both sense and antisense directed transcription. Additionally, transcription from both strands was verified using a novel strand-specific assay. The variety of structural patterns we observed in antisense transcription suggests multiple mechanisms for this phenomenon, suggesting that some antisense transcription may play a role in regulating the expression of key genes, while some may be due to chromosome replication dynamics and transcriptional noise. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Although the variety of structural patterns we observed in antisense transcription suggest multiple mechanisms for antisense expression, our data also clearly indicate that antisense transcription may play a genome-wide role in regulating the expression of key genes in Bacillus species. This study illustrates the surprising complexity of prokaryotic RNA abundance for both strands of a bacterial chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla D. Passalacqua
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anjana Varadarajan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Weist
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Ondov
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Byrd
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Read
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Bergman
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Regulation of connexin43 gap junction protein triggers vascular recovery and healing in human ocular persistent epithelial defect wounds. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:381-8. [PMID: 22797940 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transiently blocking the expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides or blocking hemichannels with connexin mimetic peptides has been shown to significantly improve outcomes in a range of acute wound models. Less is known about their likely effects in nonhealing wounds. In the eye, prolonged inflammation and lack of epithelial recovery in nonhealing corneal epithelial wounds may lead to corneal opacity, blindness or enucleation. We report here the first human applications of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that transiently block translation of connexin43 in a prospective study of five eyes with severe ocular surface burns (persistent epithelial defects), which were unresponsive to established therapy for 7 days to 8 weeks prior to treatment. Connexin43-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide was delivered in cold, thermoreversible Poloxamer407 gel under either an amniotic membrane graft or a bandage contact lens. The connexin43-specific antisense application reduced inflammation within 1-2 days, and in all five eyes complete and stable corneal reepithelialization was obtained. Recovery of the vascular bed and limbal reperfusion appeared to precede corneal epithelial recovery. We conclude that connexin modulation provides a number of benefits for nonhealing ocular burn wounds, one of which is to promote vascular recovery.
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Shao R, Liu X, Ding Y, Chen X, Gao R, He J, Wang Y. Characterization of IK cytokine expression in mouse endometrium during early pregnancy and its significance on implantation. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:615-21. [PMID: 22692555 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of IK cytokine was investigated in the mouse endometrium during early pregnancy (D1-D7 of pregnancy) and pseudopregnancy using real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis, and the effects of IK cytokine on embryo implantation were observed by injection with antisense IK cytokine oligodeoxynucleotides in the uterine horn. Our data showed that the expression of IK cytokine mRNA increased gradually from D1 to D4 of pregnancy and reached a peak level at D4 of pregnancy (P<0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of IK cytokine protein increased gradually from D1 to D5 of pregnancy and reached a peak level at D5 of pregnancy (P<0.05). The expression of IK cytokine in the pseudopregnant uterus was significantly lower compared to that in the normal pregnant uterus and the level of the protein never showed a high peak during the whole pseudopregnancy. The expression of IK cytokine at the implantation site was much stronger than that in the peri-implantation site on Day 5 of pregnancy. After 24 and 48 h of injection with antisense IK cytokine oligodexynucleotides in the uterine horn on D3 of pregnancy (i.e. implantation window), the expression of IK cytokine in the uterus was remarkably inhibited, while the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) increased and the number of implanted embryos significantly decreased in the site of uterine horns receiving antisense IK cytokine (P<0.05). These results suggested that IK cytokine may play a crucial role in implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Shao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Abstract
The synthesis of three novel axial dinucleosides was successfully accomplished. The compounds are 5″- O , 5″- O -dithymidylphosphorus(V)-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, 5″- O , 3″- O -dithymi-dylphosphorus(V)-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, and 3″- O , 3″- O -dithymidylphosphorus(V)tetraphenylporo-phyrin. These compounds could provide a lead toward the synthesis of an oligo-porphyrinyl DNA analogue that represents a system containing phosphorus(V)porphine units axially connected through the 5″- O -thymidine-3″- O bridges.
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Spork AP, Wiegmann D, Granitzka M, Stalke D, Ducho C. Stereoselective synthesis of uridine-derived nucleosyl amino acids. J Org Chem 2011; 76:10083-98. [PMID: 22059552 DOI: 10.1021/jo201935w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel hybrid structures of 5'-deoxyuridine and glycine were conceived and synthesized. Such nucleosyl amino acids (NAAs) represent simplified analogues of the core structure of muraymycin nucleoside antibiotics, making them useful synthetic building blocks for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The key step of the developed synthetic route was the efficient and highly diastereoselective asymmetric hydrogenation of didehydro amino acid precursors toward protected NAAs. It was anticipated that the synthesis of unprotected muraymycin derivatives via this route would require a suitable intermediate protecting group at the N-3 of the uracil base. After initial attempts using PMB- and BOM-N-3 protection, both of which resulted in problematic deprotection steps, an N-3 protecting group-free route was envisaged. In spite of the pronounced acidity of the uracil-3-NH, this route worked equally efficient and with identical stereoselectivities as the initial strategies involving N-3 protection. The obtained NAA building blocks were employed for the synthesis of truncated 5'-deoxymuraymycin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol P Spork
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37 077 Göttingen, Germany
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Sanechika N, Sawada K, Usui Y, Hanai K, Kakuta T, Suzuki H, Kanai G, Fujimura S, Yokoyama TA, Fukagawa M, Terachi T, Saito A. Development of bioartificial renal tubule devices with lifespan-extended human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2761-9. [PMID: 21421594 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioartificial renal tubule device is a cell therapy system for renal failure. The major obstacle in the development of the bioartificial renal tubule device is the obtainment of a large number of viable renal tubule cells to seed on the inner surface of hollow fibers. Although our previous studies had used a transformed cell line, they may be dangerous for clinical uses. Therefore, different approaches to amplify renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) in culture without oncogenes, vectors and carcinogens have been required. METHODS The limitation of the replicative lifespan of human RPTEC, which is ∼12 population doublings (PDs), was extended by invalidating messenger RNA of cell cycle-related genes with antisense oligonucleotide or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS Periodic transfection of siRNA to a tumor suppressor p53 or a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a) extended the lifespan by 33 and 63 PDs, respectively, in 3 months of culture. The siRNA-mediated lifespan extension was controllable because cell division ceased within 2 weeks after the transfection was discontinued. Expressions of γ-glutamyltransferase 1 and glucose transporter 1 were recovered in siRNA-transfected RPTEC cultured on porous membranes. Bioartificial renal tubule devices (0.8 m(2)) constructed with these cells showed reabsorption of water (122.3 ± 4.2 mL/30 min), sodium (18.1 ± 0.7 mEq/30 min) and glucose (121.7 ± 4.4 mg/30 min) after 1 week of circulation. Furthermore, β2-microglobulin and pentosidine were metabolized by RPTEC in mini-devices (65 cm(2)) within 48 h of circulation. CONCLUSIONS These approaches enabled us to yield a high enough number of RPTEC for construction of bioartificial renal tubule devices repeatedly. Lifespan-extended RPTEC could recover their specific characteristics by culturing on porous membranes, and bioartificial renal tubule devices constructed with these cells showed good performances of reabsorption and metabolism. SUMMARY A large number of human renal tubular cells required for construction of the bioartificial renal tubule device were prepared by extending the lifespan of the primary cells by invalidating mRNA of cell cycle-related genes. Constructed bioartificial renal tubule devices with lifespan-extended cells showed good performances of in vitro examination of reabsorption and metabolism. Requiring no oncogenes, vectors or cell cloning, the RNAi-mediated lifespan extension can help advance tissue-replacement therapy as well as basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Sanechika
- Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Yokohama-Tamaki T, Maeda T, Tanaka TS, Shibata S. Functional analysis of CTRP3/cartducin in Meckel's cartilage and developing condylar cartilage in the fetal mouse mandible. J Anat 2011; 218:517-33. [PMID: 21371032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CTRP3/cartducin, a novel C1q family protein, is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in the growth plate and has an important role in regulating the growth of both chondrogenic precursors and chondrocytes in vitro. We examined the expression of CTRP3/cartducin mRNA in Meckel's cartilage and in condylar cartilage of the fetal mouse mandible. Based on in situ hybridization studies, CTRP3/cartducin mRNA was not expressed in the anlagen of Meckel's cartilage at embryonic day (E)11.5, but it was strongly expressed in Meckel's cartilage at E14.0, and then reduced in the hypertrophic chondrocytes at E16.0. CTRP3/cartducin mRNA was not expressed in the condylar anlagen at E14.0, but was expressed in the upper part of newly formed condylar cartilage at E15.0. At E16.0, CTRP3/cartducin mRNA was expressed from the polymorphic cell zone to the upper part of the hypertrophic cell zone, but was reduced in the lower part of the hypertrophic cell zone. CTRP3/cartducin-antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) treatment of Meckel's cartilage and condylar anlagen from E14.0 using an organ culture system indicated that, after 4-day culture, CTRP3/cartducin abrogation induced curvature deformation of Meckel's cartilage with loss of the perichondrium and new cartilage formation. Aggrecan, type I collagen, and tenascin-C were simultaneously immunostained in this newly formed cartilage, indicating possible transformation from the perichondrium into cartilage. Further, addition of recombinant mouse CTRP3/cartducin protein to the organ culture medium with AS-ODN tended to reverse the deformation. These results suggest a novel function for CTRP3/cartducin in maintaining the perichondrium. Moreover, AS-ODN induced a deformation of the shape, loss of the perichondrium/fibrous cell zone, and disorder of the distinct architecture of zones in the mandibular condylar cartilage. Additionally, AS-ODN-treated condylar cartilage showed reduced levels of mRNA expression of aggrecan, collagen types I and X, and reduced BrdU-incorporation. These results suggest that CTRP3/cartducin is not only involved in the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, but also contributes to the regulation of mandibular condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Yokohama-Tamaki
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kumar V, Parmar VS, Malhotra SV. Structural modifications of nucleosides in ionic liquids. Biochimie 2010; 92:1260-5. [PMID: 20178825 PMCID: PMC3214640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside chemistry represents an important research area for drug discovery, as many nucleoside analogs are prominent drugs and have been widely applied for cancer and viral chemotherapy. However, the synthesis of modified nucleosides presents a major challenge, which is further aggravated by poor solubility of these compounds in common organic solvents. Most of the currently available methods for nucleoside modification employ toxic high boiling solvents; require long reaction time and tedious workup methods. As such, there is constant effort to develop process chemistry in alternative medium to limit the use of organic solvents that are hazardous to the environment and can be deleterious to human health. One such approach is to use ionic liquids, which are 'designer materials' with unique and tunable physico-chemical properties. Studies have shown that methodologies using ionic liquids are highly efficient and convenient for the synthesis of nucleoside analogs, as demonstrated by the preparation of pharmaceutically important anti-viral drugs. This article summarizes recent efforts on nucleoside modification using ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, SAIC –Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, SAIC –Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Zhang J, O'Carroll SJ, Wu A, Nicholson LFB, Green CR. A model for ex vivo spinal cord segment culture--a tool for analysis of injury repair strategies. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 192:49-57. [PMID: 20654650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most spinal cord injury research is undertaken using in vivo animal models but the extensive care associated with spinalized animals, inherent variability between animals, and complex surgeries makes alternative models especially valuable. Here we present a novel ex vivo model that enables culture of intact post-natal spinal cord segments for up to five days and the assessment of peripheral nerve grafting repair, enhanced with connexin43 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (Cx43 AsODN), in this model. Down-regulating Cx43 expression with Cx43 AsODN in cultured spinal cord segments prevents cell death and inhibits inflammation spreading from the site of injury to neighbouring tissue, hence maintaining culture viability. Reduction in segment swelling and improvement in neuron survival were evident after Cx43 AsODN treatment. Furthermore, the combination of Cx43 AsODN with peripheral nerve graft implants into cultured spinal cords promoted axon sprouting from the spinal cord into the peripheral nerve graft. This ex vivo spinal cord segment culture model provides a valuable addition to tools currently available for spinal cord injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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DNA-based nano-sized systems for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:626-32. [PMID: 20230867 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA is one of the most important components for all living organisms and many species, including humans, use DNA to store and transmit genetic information to new generations. Recent advances in the handling of DNA have made it possible to use DNA as a building block of nano-sized materials with precisely designed architectures. Although various approaches have been proposed to obtain DNA assemblies with designed architecture in the nano- to micrometer range, there is little information about their interaction with biological components, including target molecules. Understanding the interaction between DNA assemblies and the body is highly important for successful pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Here, we first review the basic aspects of externally administered DNA molecules, including the stability, permeability and delivery issues. Then, we discuss the unique responses observed in the interaction of structured DNA assemblies and cells expressing Toll-like receptor-9, the receptor responsible for the recognition of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides that are abundant in the DNA of invading pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.
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Sobczak K, Bangel-Ruland N, Semmler J, Lindemann H, Heermann R, Weber WM. [Antisense oligonucleotides for therapy of cystic fibrosis. Inhibition of sodium absorption mediated by ENaC in nasal epithelial cells]. HNO 2010; 57:1106-12. [PMID: 19727627 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-009-1957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by reduced chloride secretion mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na(+) hyperabsorption through amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). Mutations in CFTR cause the accumulation of thick mucus and dysfunction of mucociliary clearance in the respiratory tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this project it was investigated whether Na(+) hyperabsorption is inhibited by the use of antisense oligonucleotides (AON). For functional analyses monolayers of human non-CF and CF nasal epithelial cells were measured in modified Ussing chambers. To analyse the AON effects on the protein level Western blotting analyses were carried out. RESULTS AON transfection significantly inhibits Na(+) absorption via ENaC in non-CF and CF cells. Furthermore, Western blot analyses demonstrate a suppression of the ENaC protein in AON transfected human non-CF cells. CONCLUSION The inhibition of ENaC associated Na(+) absorption by specific AON could offer a new perspective for the regulation of the Na(+) hyperabsorption in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sobczak
- Institut für Tierphysiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48143 Münster.
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Specific down regulation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by cell-permeable antisense HIF1alpha-oligonucleotide. J Control Release 2010; 144:82-90. [PMID: 20109509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a strong modulator of angiogenesis, accelerating adipose tissue expansion, suggesting that hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) can be a novel target for anti-obesity. We conjugated antisense-HIF1alpha-oligonucleotide (ASO) with low molecular weight protamine (LMWP), a cell-penetrating peptide, to enhance its ability to block hypoxic-angiogenesis, thereby eliciting an anti-obesity effect. Nano-sized ASO-LMWP (AS-L) conjugates enhanced cellular uptake of ASO without yielding a cytotoxic effect and protected the ASO against enzymatic attack and chemical reduction. AS-L showed enhanced intra-cellular localization compared to naked ASO and the complex of ASO with lipofectamine during hypoxic-differentiation. Consequently AS-L induced significant down-regulation of leptin and VEGF gene expressions, thereby reducing fat accumulation in the cell. This proof-of-concept study shows that AS-L produces an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and angiogenesis during differentiation, indicating LMWP mediated ASO delivery can potentially be a safe and promising treatment for obesity.
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Jain R, Yadav T, Kumar M, Yadav AK. The facile syntheses of 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepines and their ribofuranosides. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Gene Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-1643-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sobczak K, Segal A, Bangel-Ruland N, Semmler J, Van Driessche W, Lindemann H, Heermann R, Weber WM. Specific inhibition of epithelial Na+ channels by antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of Na+ hyperabsorption in cystic fibrosis. J Gene Med 2009; 11:813-23. [PMID: 19533590 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory epithelia are characterized by a defect Cl(-) secretion and an increased Na(+) absorption through epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC). The present study aimed to find an effective inhibitor of human ENaC with respect to replacing amiloride therapy for CF patients. Therefore, we developed specific antisense oligonucleotides (AON) that efficiently suppress Na(+) hyperabsorption by inhibiting the expression of the alpha-ENaC subunit. METHODS We heterologously expressed ENaC in oocytes of Xenopus laevis for mass screening of AON. Additionally, primary cultures of human nasal epithelia were transfected with AON and were used for Ussing chamber experiments, as well as biochemical and fluorescence optical analyses. RESULTS Screening of several AON by co-injection or sequential microinjection of AON and ENaC mRNA in X. laevis oocytes led to a sustained decrease in amiloride-sensitive current and conductance. Using primary cultures of human nasal epithelia, we show that AON effectively suppress amiloride-sensitive Na(+) absorption mediated by ENaC in CF and non-CF tissues. In western blot experiments, it could be shown that the amount of ENaC protein is effectively reduced after AON transfection. CONCLUSIONS Our data comprise an initial step towards a preclinical test with AON to reduce Na(+) hyperabsorption in CF epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Sobczak
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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