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Koruga D, Stanković I, Matija L, Kuhn D, Christ B, Dembski S, Jevtić N, Janać J, Pavlović V, De Wever B. Comparative Studies of the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of the First Fullerene Derivative FD-C 60 (Fullerenol) and Second Fullerene Derivate SD-C 60 (3HFWC). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:480. [PMID: 38470808 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In order to maximally reduce the toxicity of fullerenol (the first derivative of C60, FD-C60), and increase its biomedical efficiency, the second derivative SD-C60 (3HFWC, Hyper-Harmonized Hydroxylated Fullerene Water Complex) was created. Several different methods were applied in the comparative characterization of FD-C60 and SD-C60 with the same OH groups in their core. FD-C60 as an individual structure was about 1.3 nm in size, while SD-C60 as an individual structure was 10-30 nm in size. Based on ten physicochemical methods and techniques, FD-C60 and SD-C60 were found to be two different substances in terms of size, structure, and physicochemical properties; FD-C60, at 100 °C, had endothermic characteristics, while SD-C60, at 133 °C, had exothermic characteristics; FD-C60 did not have water layers, while SD-C60 had water layers; the zeta potential of FD-C60 was -25.85 mV, while it was -43.29 mV for SD-C60. SD-C60 is a promising substance for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Koruga
- NanoLab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11220 Belgrade, Serbia
- NanoWorld, 11043 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stanković
- NanoLab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11220 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Matija
- NanoLab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11220 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bastian Christ
- Fraunhofer, Institute for Silicate Research ISR, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Dembski
- Fraunhofer, Institute for Silicate Research ISR, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Vladimir Pavlović
- TEM Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Luo Y, Li C, Zhong C, Li S. A novel 2D intrinsic metal-free ferromagnetic semiconductor Si 3C 8 monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1086-1093. [PMID: 38098345 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free magnets, a special kind of ferromagnetic (FM) material, have evolved into an important branch of magnetic materials for spintronic applications. We herein propose a silicon carbide (Si3C8) monolayer and investigate its geometric, electronic, and magnetic properties by using first-principles calculations. The thermal and dynamical stability of the Si3C8 monolayer was confirmed by ab initio molecular dynamics and phonon dispersion simulations. Our results show that the Si3C8 monolayer is a FM semiconductor with a band gap of 1.76 eV in the spin-down channel and a Curie temperature of 22 K. We demonstrate that the intrinsic magnetism of the Si3C8 monolayer is derived from pz orbitals of C atoms via superexchange interactions. Furthermore, the half-metallic state in the FM Si3C8 monolayer can be induced by electron doping. Our work not only illustrates that carrier doping could manipulate the magnetic states of the FM Si3C8 monolayer but also provides an idea to design two-dimensional metal-free magnetic materials for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtong Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyong Zhong
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
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Karmakar S, Taqy S, Droopad R, Trivedi RK, Chakraborty B, Haque A. Highly Stable Electrochemical Supercapacitor Performance of Self-Assembled Ferromagnetic Q-Carbon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8305-8318. [PMID: 36735879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel phase Q-carbon thin films exhibit some intriguing features and have been explored for various potential applications. Herein, we report the growth of different Q-carbon structures (i.e., filaments, clusters, and microdots) by varying the laser energy density from 0.5 to 1.0 J/cm2 during pulsed laser annealing of amorphous diamond-like carbon films with different sp3-sp2 carbon compositions. These unique nano- and microstructures of Q-carbon demonstrate exceptionally stable electrochemical performance by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging-discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for energy applications. The temperature-dependent magnetic studies (magnetization vs magnetic field and temperature) reveal the ferromagnetic nature of the Q-carbon microdots. The saturation magnetization and coercive field values decrease from 132 to 14 emu/cc and 155 to 92 Oe by increasing the temperature from 2 to 300 K, respectively. The electrochemical performances of Q-carbon filament, cluster, and microdot thin-film supercapacitors were investigated by two-electrode configurations, and the highest areal specific capacitance of ∼156 mF/cm2 was observed at a current density of 0.15 mA/cm2 in the Q-carbon microdot thin film. The Q-carbon microdot electrodes demonstrate an exceptional capacitance retention performance of ∼97.2% and Coulombic efficiency of ∼96.5% after 3000 cycles due to their expectational reversibility in the charging-discharging process. The kinetic feature of the ion diffusion associated with the charge storage property is also investigated, and small changes in equivalent series resistance of ∼9.5% and contact resistance of ∼9.1% confirm outstanding stability with active charge kinetics during the stability test. A high areal power density of ∼5.84 W/cm2 was obtained at an areal energy density of ∼0.058 W h/cm2 for the Q-carbon microdot structure. The theoretical quantum capacitance was obtained at ∼400 mF/cm2 by density functional theory calculation, which gives an idea about the overall capacitance value. The obtained areal specific capacitance, power density, and impressive long-term cyclic stability of Q-carbon thin-film microdot electrodes endorse substantial promise in high-performance supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Karmakar
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas78666, United States
| | - Saif Taqy
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas78666, United States
| | - Ravi Droopad
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas78666, United States
- Materials Science, Engineering & Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas78666, United States
| | - Ravi Kumar Trivedi
- High Pressure & Synchroton Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai400085, India
| | - Brahmananda Chakraborty
- High Pressure & Synchroton Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - Ariful Haque
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas78666, United States
- Materials Science, Engineering & Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas78666, United States
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Fein YY, Pedalino S, Shayeghi A, Kiałka F, Gerlich S, Arndt M. Nanoscale Magnetism Probed in a Matter-Wave Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123001. [PMID: 36179211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We explore a wide range of fundamental magnetic phenomena by measuring the dephasing of matter-wave interference fringes upon application of a variable magnetic gradient. The versatility of our interferometric Stern-Gerlach technique enables us to study the magnetic properties of alkali atoms, organic radicals, and fullerenes in the same device, with magnetic moments ranging from a Bohr magneton to less than a nuclear magneton. We find evidence for magnetization of a supersonic beam of organic radicals and, most notably, observe a strong magnetic response of a thermal C_{60} beam consistent with high-temperature atomlike deflection of rotational magnetic moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Y Fein
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Pedalino
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Shayeghi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Filip Kiałka
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Gerlich
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Jones L, Lin L, Chamberlain TW. Oxygen, sulfur and selenium terminated single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) as potential 3D organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7639-7648. [PMID: 29645046 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphene, fullerenes and nanotubes are on the frontline of materials research due to their excellent physical properties, which in recent years, have started to compete with conventional inorganic materials in charge transfer based applications. Recently, a variety of new structures such as single-walled carbon nanobelts (SWCNBs) have been conceived, however, to date only one 'all-phenyl' example has been synthesised, due to problems with their stability and the challenging synthetic methodologies required. This study introduces a new class of phenacene-based SWCNBs and their chalcogenide derivatives, forming the new sub-class of single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) which are expected to be both more stable and easier to synthesise than the all carbon analogues. Subsequent theoretical examination of the structure-property relationships found that unlike the small-molecule acene homologues (tetracene, pentacene etc.) which become more reactive with addition of oxygen, an increase in the molecular size of the SWCNBs actually stabilises the HOMO energy level, in correlation with the increasingly negative nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations of their cylindrical aromaticities. The FMO energies of the phenacene SWCNBs are similar to that of the nanobelt reported by Itami and co-workers, but those of the SWHNBs are deeper and thus more stable. The sulfur derivative of one SWHNB was found to give hole-charge transfer mobilities as high as 1.12 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is three orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding unsubstituted SWCNB (3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1). These findings suggest the candidates are air-stable and potentially high-performing organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices, while the structure-property relationships uncovered here will aid the design and synthesis of future three-dimensional organic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jones
- Centre for Industrial Collaboration, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Chung HC, Chang CP, Lin CY, Lin MF. Electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in external fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7573-616. [PMID: 26744847 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A review work is done for the electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in magnetic, electric, composite, and modulated fields. Effects due to the lateral confinement, curvature, stacking, non-uniform subsystems and hybrid structures are taken into account. The special electronic properties, induced by complex competitions between external fields and geometric structures, include many one-dimensional parabolic subbands, standing waves, peculiar edge-localized states, width- and field-dependent energy gaps, magnetic-quantized quasi-Landau levels, curvature-induced oscillating Landau subbands, crossings and anti-crossings of quasi-Landau levels, coexistence and combination of energy spectra in layered structures, and various peak structures in the density of states. There exist diverse absorption spectra and different selection rules, covering edge-dependent selection rules, magneto-optical selection rule, splitting of the Landau absorption peaks, intragroup and intergroup Landau transitions, as well as coexistence of monolayer-like and bilayer-like Landau absorption spectra. Detailed comparisons are made between the theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. The predicted results, the parabolic subbands, edge-localized states, gap opening and modulation, and spatial distribution of Landau subbands, have been identified by various experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ching Chung
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Peng Chang
- Center for General Education, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Andrade X, Strubbe D, De Giovannini U, Larsen AH, Oliveira MJT, Alberdi-Rodriguez J, Varas A, Theophilou I, Helbig N, Verstraete MJ, Stella L, Nogueira F, Aspuru-Guzik A, Castro A, Marques MAL, Rubio A. Real-space grids and the Octopus code as tools for the development of new simulation approaches for electronic systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:31371-96. [PMID: 25721500 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00351b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Real-space grids are a powerful alternative for the simulation of electronic systems. One of the main advantages of the approach is the flexibility and simplicity of working directly in real space where the different fields are discretized on a grid, combined with competitive numerical performance and great potential for parallelization. These properties constitute a great advantage at the time of implementing and testing new physical models. Based on our experience with the Octopus code, in this article we discuss how the real-space approach has allowed for the recent development of new ideas for the simulation of electronic systems. Among these applications are approaches to calculate response properties, modeling of photoemission, optimal control of quantum systems, simulation of plasmonic systems, and the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for low-dimensionality systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Andrade
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Strubbe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ask Hjorth Larsen
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Micael J T Oliveira
- Unité Nanomat, Département de Physique, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joseba Alberdi-Rodriguez
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain and Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, M. Lardizabal, 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alejandro Varas
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iris Theophilou
- Peter-Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicole Helbig
- Peter-Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthieu J Verstraete
- Unité Nanomat, Département de Physique, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fernando Nogueira
- Center for Computational Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alberto Castro
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Zaragoza Center for Advanced Modeling (ZCAM), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and ARAID Foundation, María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI Aragón, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain and Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
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Merlet C, Forse AC, Griffin JM, Frenkel D, Grey CP. Lattice simulation method to model diffusion and NMR spectra in porous materials. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Merlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C. Forse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Garcia-Borràs M, Osuna S, Luis JM, Swart M, Solà M. The role of aromaticity in determining the molecular structure and reactivity of (endohedral metallo)fullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:5089-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure and chemical reactivity of endohedral metallofullerenes can be greatly predicted and rationalized by their local and global aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
- 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona, Spain
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Tang JJ, Li SY, Wang YH, Tang T. In situ ethylene copolymerization with an olefin-type monomer for one-pot synthesis of polyethylene tethered on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Jo TS, Han H, Bhowmik PK, Ma L. Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Poly(Pyridinium Salt)s Containing Various Rigid Aromatic Moieties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Durmaz H, Dag A, Tunca U, Hizal G. Synthesis and characterization of pyrene bearing amphiphilic miktoarm star polymer and its noncovalent interactions with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hong J, Niyogi S, Bekyarova E, Itkis ME, Ramesh P, Amos N, Litvinov D, Berger C, de Heer WA, Khizroev S, Haddon RC. Effect of nitrophenyl functionalization on the magnetic properties of epitaxial graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1175-1180. [PMID: 21456087 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Cimpoesu F, Ito S, Shimotani H, Takagi H, Dragoe N. Vibrational properties of noble gas endohedral fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9609-15. [PMID: 21503295 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of IR and Raman spectra of Ar@C(60) and Kr@C(60) shows that the incorporation of noble gas atoms causes a blue shift of low energy vibrations, which have radial character, and a red shift of higher energy ones which have a tangential character movement. The mechanism of these phenomena is explained on the basis of ab initio numerical experiments with DFT and MP2 procedures. Methodological discussions are advanced, altogether with a scheme for the estimation of the van der Waals interaction between fullerene and noble gas, based on the frequency shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanica Cimpoesu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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Guldi DM, Feng L, Radhakrishnan SG, Nikawa H, Yamada M, Mizorogi N, Tsuchiya T, Akasaka T, Nagase S, Ángeles Herranz M, Martín N. A Molecular Ce2@Ih-C80 Switch—Unprecedented Oxidative Pathway in Photoinduced Charge Transfer Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9078-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Lai Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Shankara Gayathri Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Hidefumi Nikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - M. Ángeles Herranz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de
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Anderson RJ, McNicholas TP, Kleinhammes A, Wang A, Liu J, Wu Y. NMR Methods for Characterizing the Pore Structures and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Microporous Carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8618-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9109924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3255, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Thomas P. McNicholas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3255, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Alfred Kleinhammes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3255, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Anmiao Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3255, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3255, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514-3255, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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19
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Kim Y, Abou-Hamad E, Rubio A, Wågberg T, Talyzin AV, Boesch D, Aloni S, Zettl A, Luzzi DE, Goze-Bac C. Communications: Nanomagnetic shielding: High-resolution NMR in carbon allotropes. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:021102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3284740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Botti S, Castro A, Lathiotakis NN, Andrade X, Marques MAL. Optical and magnetic properties of boron fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4523-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b902278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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22
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An W, Shao N, Bulusu S, Zeng XC. Ab initio calculation of carbon clusters. II. Relative stabilities of fullerene and nonfullerene C24. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084301. [PMID: 18315040 DOI: 10.1063/1.2831917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical stabilities of six low-energy isomers of C24 derived from global-minimum search are investigated. The six isomers include one classical fullerene (isomer 1) whose cage is composed of only five- and six-membered rings (56-MRs), three nonclassical fullerene structures whose cages contain at least one four-membered ring (4-MR), one plate, and one monocyclic ring. Chemical and electronic properties of the six C24 isomers are calculated based on a density-functional theory method (hybrid PBE1PBE functional and cc-pVTZ basis set). The properties include the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), singlet-triplet splitting, electron affinity, ionization potential, and gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap. The calculation suggests that the neutral isomer 2, a nonclassical fullerene with two 4-MRs, may be more chemically stable than the classical fullerene (isomer 1). Analyses of molecular orbital NICS show that the incorporations of 4-MRs into the cage considerably reduce paratropic contributions from HOMO, HOMO-1, and HOMO-2, which are mainly responsible for the sign change in NICS from positive for isomer 1 (42) to negative (-19) for isomer 2, although C24 clusters satisfy neither 4N+2 nor 2(N+1)2 aromaticity rule. Anion photoelectron spectra of four cage isomers, one plate, one monocyclic ring, and one tadpole isomer, as well as three bicyclic ring isomers are calculated. The simulated photoelectron spectra of mono- and bicyclic rings (with C1 symmetry) appear to match the measured HOMO-LUMO gap (between the first and second band in the experimental spectra) [S. Yang et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 144, 431 (1988)]. Nevertheless, the nonclassical fullerene isomers 3 and 4 apparently also match the measured vertical detachment energy (2.90 eV) reasonably well. These results suggest possible coexistence of nonclassical fullerene isomers with the mono- and bicyclic ring isomers of C24(-) under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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23
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Ren DM, Guo Z, Du F, Liu ZF, Zhou ZC, Shi XY, Chen YS, Zheng JY. A novel soluble tin(IV) porphyrin modified single-walled carbon nanotube nanohybrid with light harvesting properties. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:45-55. [PMID: 19325718 PMCID: PMC2635599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A dihydroxotin(IV) porphyrin functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) nanohybrid is obtained. Solubility of the nanohybrid in organic solvents is determined by UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. Electron absorption and fluorescence spectra investigations demonstrate that efficient electron transfer occurs within the nanohybrid at the photoexcited state and the charge-separated state of the nanohybrid is observed by transient absorption spectrum. The results illustrate that this soluble electron donor–acceptor nanohybrid might be a good candidate as a light harvesting material in molecular photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Ren
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Feng Du
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zun-Feng Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zai-Chun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel: +86 22 2350 5572; Fax: +86 22 2350 5572; E-mail:
(J. Z.) and
(Y. C.)
| | - Jian-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel: +86 22 2350 5572; Fax: +86 22 2350 5572; E-mail:
(J. Z.) and
(Y. C.)
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24
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Xie L, Xu F, Qiu F, Lu H, Yang Y. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with High Bonding Density of Polymer Layers and Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Composites. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062103t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Ministry of Education), Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Ministry of Education), Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Ministry of Education), Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Ministry of Education), Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Ministry of Education), Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Thilgen C, Diederich F. Structural Aspects of Fullerene ChemistryA Journey through Fullerene Chirality. Chem Rev 2006; 106:5049-135. [PMID: 17165683 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Thilgen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Laiho A, Ras RHA, Valkama S, Ruokolainen J, Österbacka R, Ikkala O. Control of Self-Assembly by Charge-Transfer Complexation between C60 Fullerene and Electron Donating Units of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Laiho
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland, and Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Robin H. A. Ras
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland, and Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Sami Valkama
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland, and Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland, and Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Ronald Österbacka
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland, and Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland, and Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, Turku 20500, Finland
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27
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Chen S, Chen D, Wu G. Grafting of Poly(tBA) and PtBA-b-PMMA onto the Surface of SWNTs Using Carbanions as the Initiator. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Chen S, Wu G, Liu Y, Long D. Preparation of Poly(acrylic acid) Grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by a Two-Step Irradiation Technique. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0520500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimou Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dewu Long
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Kavitha K, Venuvanalingam P. Open versus Closed 1,3-Dipolar Additions of C60: A Theoretical Investigation on Their Mechanism and Regioselectivity. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5426-35. [PMID: 15989323 DOI: 10.1021/jo050348i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reactions: see text] 1,3-Dipolar additions of C60 with dipoles, diazomethane, nitrile oxide, and nitrone have been modeled at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)//AM1 level, and their mechanism, regiochemistry, and nature of addition are investigated. All of these reactions lead to the formation of fullerene fused heterocycles; theoretically, these reactions can take up four types of additions, viz., closed [6,6], open [5,6], closed [5,6], and open [6,6] additions, and all of them have been examined. Energetics and thermodynamic analysis of these reactions show that closed [5,6] and open [6,6] additions are not probable and that closed [6,6] additions are the most favored ones and follow a concerted mechanism. Experimental evidence that C60-diazomethane reactions yielded closed [6,6] fullerenopyrazoline provides good support to the theoretical predictions. The observed order of reactivity has been explained based on the double bond character, forcing double bonds in the pentagons of C60, and strain. During the addition, dipoles distort more than C60 and concerted closed [6,6] TSs are found to be more reactant-like or early TS. Inclusion of toluene as solvent through the PCM model increases the reaction rate and exothermicity. NICS values computed at the centers of the reacting benzenoid ring of fullerene clearly reveal, in both open and closed additions, the loss in them of aromaticity during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kavitha
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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Nakamura Y, Inamura K, Oomuro R, Laurenco R, Tidwell TT, Nishimura J. Formation of fulleroids as major products and application of solid state reaction in the functionalization of [60]fullerene by aromatic diazoketones. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3032-8. [PMID: 16186936 DOI: 10.1039/b505558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of various aromatic diazoketones with [60]fullerene were investigated in solution (o-dichlorobenzene) or in the solid-state. Under all the conditions examined, the fulleroid with the methine proton located over a six-membered ring was obtained as a major product along with a slight amount of the other fulleroid diastereoisomer and methanofullerene. Solid-state reactions considerably enhanced the reaction efficiency with minor effects on the selectivity. The thermal isomerization and photoisomerization from fulleroids into methanofullerene were relatively slow, almost independent of substituents under the conditions examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakamura
- Department of Nano-Material Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
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31
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Terrones H, Terrones M, López-Urías F, Rodríguez-Manzo JA, Mackay AL. Shape and complexity at the atomic scale: the case of layered nanomaterials. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2004; 362:2039-2063. [PMID: 15370471 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In nature there are numerous layered compounds, some of which could be curved so as to form fascinating nanoshapes with novel properties. Graphite is at present the main example of a very flexible layered structure, which is able to form cylinders (nanotubes) and cages (fullerenes), but there are others. While fullerenes possess positive curvature due to pentagonal rings of carbon, there are other structures which could include heptagonal or higher membered rings. In fact, fullerenes and nanotubes could display negative curvature, thus forming nanomaterials possessing unexpected electronic and mechanical properties. The effect of curvature in other nano-architectures, such as in boron nitride and metal dichalcogenides, is also discussed in this account. Electron irradiation is a tool able to increase the structural complexity of layered materials. In this context, we describe the coalescence of carbon nanotubes and C(60) molecules. The latter results now open up an alternative approach to producing and manipulating novel nanomaterials in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Terrones
- Advanced Materials Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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32
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Ham HT, Koo CM, Kim SO, Choi YS, Chung IJ. Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes and preparation of polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites. Macromol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
This review focuses on the evolutionary causes and consequences of limited attention, defined as the restricted rate of information processing by the brain. The available data suggest, first, that limited attention is a major cognitive constraint determining animals' search for cryptic food, and, second, that limited attention reduces animals' ability to detect predators while involved in challenging tasks such as searching for cryptic food. These two effects of limited attention probably decrease animal fitness. Furthermore, a simulated evolutionary study provides empirical support for the prediction that focused attention by predators selects for prey polymorphism. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying limited attention have been widely studied. A recent incorporation of that mechanistic knowledge into an ecological model suggests that limited attention is an optimal strategy that balances effective yet economical search for cryptic objects. The review concludes with a set of testable predictions aimed to expand the currently limited empirical knowledge on the evolutionary ecology of limited attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Dukas
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada.
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Peng H, Alemany LB, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN. Sidewall Carboxylic Acid Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15174-82. [PMID: 14653752 DOI: 10.1021/ja037746s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with succinic or glutaric acid acyl peroxides in o-dichlorobenzene at 80-90 degrees C resulted in the addition of 2-carboxyethyl or 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively, to the sidewalls of the SWNT. These acid-functionalized SWNTs were converted to acid chlorides by derivatization with SOCl(2) and then to amides with terminal diamines such as ethylenediamine, 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), and diethyltoluenediamine. The acid-functionalized SWNTs and the amide derivatives were characterized by a set of materials characterization methods including attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR, Raman and solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The degree of SWNT sidewall functionalization with the acid-terminated groups was estimated as 1 in 24 carbons on the basis of TG-MS data. In comparison with the pristine SWNTs, the acid-functionalized SWNTs show an improved solubility in polar solvents, for example, alcohols and water, which enables their processing for incorporation into polymer composite structures as well as for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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Chen J, Liu H, Weimer WA, Halls MD, Waldeck DH, Walker GC. Noncovalent engineering of carbon nanotube surfaces by rigid, functional conjugated polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:9034-5. [PMID: 12148991 DOI: 10.1021/ja026104m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new nonwrapping approach to noncovalent engineering of carbon nanotube surfaces by short, rigid functional conjugated polymers, poly(aryleneethynylene)s. Our technique not only enables the dissolution of various types of carbon nanotubes in organic solvents, which represents the first example of solubilization of carbon nanotubes via pi-stacking without polymer wrapping, but could also introduce numerous neutral and ionic functional groups onto the carbon nanotube surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Advanced Technologies Group, Zyvex Corporation, 1321 North Plano Road, Richardson, Texas 75081, USA.
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37
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Park JM, Tarakeshwar P, Kim KS, Clark T. Nature of the interaction of paramagnetic atoms (A=4N,4P,3O,3S) with π systems and C60: A theoretical investigation of A⋅⋅⋅C6H6 and endohedral fullerenes A@C60. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1479135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Aromaticity interplay between quinodimethanes and C(60) in diels-alder reactions: insights from a theoretical study. J Org Chem 2000; 65:6132-7. [PMID: 10987949 DOI: 10.1021/jo000588s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study is performed of the Diels-Alder reactions of various o-quinodimethanes (QDM) with C(60) by the AM1 model and limited ab initio and DFT techniques. All reactions are shown to proceed through a concerted transition state possessing a considerable net aromaticity as evidenced from bond orders and magnetic criteria such as the magnetic susceptibility exhaltations (MSE) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) and produce different kinds of aromatic stabilized fullerene cycloadducts. Computations show that a strong LUMO-dienophile control of C(60) is realized by the influence of pyramidalization, but its high reactivity over alkene appears to be governed by the global aromaticity on fullerene rather than its strain. The aromatic functionalization occurring in QDM upon cycloaddition drastically increases the reaction rate and exothermicity of all QDM-C(60) reactions as compared to the butadiene-C(60) reaction. In fact, the simultaneously existing aromatic destabilization in fullerene indicates its opposite effect to the resonance stabilization in diene; it is thus fully restricted when the gained aromaticity is transmitted from the nucleophilic QDM to the fullerene electrophile in a push-pull manner. However, the overall aromaticity effect shown by the aromatization as well as the aromaticity of C(60) seems to accelerate these reactions at an increased rate.
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Sternfeld T, Hoffman RE, Thilgen C, Diederich F, Rabinovitz M. Reduction of Fulleroids C71H2: Probing the Magnetic Properties of C706-. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0014077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Sternfeld
- Department of Organic Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roy E. Hoffman
- Department of Organic Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Thilgen
- Department of Organic Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Department of Organic Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mordecai Rabinovitz
- Department of Organic Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Jemmis ED, Manoharan M, Sharma PK. Exohedral η5 and η6 Transition-Metal Organometallic Complexes of C60 and C70: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om9905355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariappan Manoharan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaz K. Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Benshafrut R, Shabtai E, Rabinovitz M, Scott L. π-Conjugated Anions: From Carbon-Rich Anions to Charged Carbon Allotropes. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200004)2000:7<1091::aid-ejoc1091>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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Predicting efficient C(60) epoxidation and viable multiple oxide formation by theoretical study. J Org Chem 2000; 65:1093-8. [PMID: 10814058 DOI: 10.1021/jo9915527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The epoxidation of C(60) by various oxidizing agents such as dimethyldioxirane (DMD), methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (MTMD), and bis(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (BTMD) has been probed computationally by the AM1 method. The computations have revealed that for the reaction forming C(60)O through a concerted "spiro" transition state, the currently used DMD involves its HOMO lone-pair and the LUMO (pi) of fullerene in an inverse electron demand fashion. This is distinct from the DMD reaction with ethylene. On the other hand, the addition of CF(3) groups lowers the LUMO (peroxide sigma) of MTMD and BTMD by virtue of negative hyperconjugation; the oxidants can then attack the fullerene nucleophilically at an increased rate to the maximum extent. These estimations have thus established that the strong electrophilic oxidizing agents remarkably enhance the fullerene epoxidation. DMD further produces C(60)O(2) and C(60)O(3) via multiple epoxidations, as C(60)O might best be produced quantitatively by MTMD and BTMD. The regiochemistry of the multiple oxidation products in which the subsequent oxidations take place at the adjacent sites is consistent with the increased nucleophilicity of the nearest double bonds attached to the prevailing epoxide function.
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Chen J, Hamon MA, Hu H, Chen Y, Rao AM, Eklund PC, Haddon RC. Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 1998; 282:95-8. [PMID: 9756485 DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5386.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1113] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Naked metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were dissolved in organic solutions by derivatization with thionychloride and octadecylamine. Both ionic (charge transfer) and covalent solution-phase chemistry with concomitant modulation of the SWNT band structure were demonstrated. Solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy was used to study the effects of chemical modifications on the band gaps of the SWNTs. Reaction of soluble SWNTs with dichlorocarbene led to functionalization of the nanotube walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Applied Energy Research and Advanced Carbon Materials Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Shabtai E, Weitz A, Haddon RC, Hoffman RE, Rabinovitz M, Khong A, Cross RJ, Saunders M, Cheng PC, Scott LT. 3He NMR of He@C606- and He@C706-. New Records for the Most Shielded and the Most Deshielded 3He Inside a Fullerene1. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9805831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Shabtai
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Amir Weitz
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Robert C. Haddon
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Roy E. Hoffman
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Mordecai Rabinovitz
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Anthony Khong
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - R. James Cross
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Martin Saunders
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Pei-Chao Cheng
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
| | - Lawrence T. Scott
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, and Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3860
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Kavan
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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49
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Rüttimann M, Haldimann RF, Isaacs L, Diederich F, Khong A, Jiménez-Vázquez H, Cross RJ, Saunders M. π-Electron Ring-Current Effects in Multiple Adducts of3He@C60 and3He@C70: A3He NMR Study. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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