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Ji J, Li X, Zhu Y, Wang R, Yang S, Peng B, Zhou Z. Screening of periodontitis-related diagnostic biomarkers based on weighted gene correlation network analysis and machine algorithms. Technol Health Care 2022; 30:1209-1221. [PMID: 35342071 DOI: 10.3233/thc-thc213662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a common oral immune inflammatory disease and early detection plays an important role in its prevention and progression. However, there are no accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis. OBJECTIVE This study screened periodontitis-related diagnostic biomarkers based on weighted gene correlation network analysis and machine algorithms. METHODS Transcriptome data and sample information of periodontitis and normal samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and key genes of disease-related modules were obtained by bioinformatics. The key genes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and 5 machine algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decisio Tree (GBDT), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Expression and correlation analysis were performed after screening the optimal model and diagnostic biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 47 candidate genes were obtained, and the LR model had the best diagnostic efficiency. The COL15A1, ICAM2, SLC15A2, and PIP5K1B were diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis, and all of which were upregulated in periodontitis samples. In addition, the high expression of periodontitis biomarkers promotes positive function with immune cells. CONCLUSION COL15A1, ICAM2, SLC15A2 and PIP5K1B are potential diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ji
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaling Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bei Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/The 2nd People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Sasaki Y, Tamura M, Takeda K, Ogi K, Nakagaki T, Koyama R, Idogawa M, Hiratsuka H, Tokino T. Identification and characterization of the intercellular adhesion molecule-2 gene as a novel p53 target. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61426-61437. [PMID: 27556181 PMCID: PMC5308662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor inhibits cell growth through the activation of both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which maintain genome stability and prevent cancer development. Here, we report that intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM2) is transcriptionally activated by p53. Specifically, ICAM2 is induced by the p53 family and DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. We identified a p53 binding sequence located within the ICAM2 gene that is responsive to wild-type p53, TAp73, and TAp63. In terms of function, we found that the ectopic expression of ICAM2 inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. In addition, we demonstrated that silencing endogenous ICAM2 in cancer cells caused a marked increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation levels, suggesting that ICAM2 inhibits migration and invasion of cancer cells by suppressing ERK signaling. Moreover, ICAM2 is underexpressed in human cancer tissues containing mutant p53 as compared to those with wild-type p53. Notably, the decreased expression of ICAM2 is associated with poor survival in patients with various cancers. Our findings demonstrate that ICAM2 induction by p53 has a key role in inhibiting migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sasaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tamura
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Takeda
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakagaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryota Koyama
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Idogawa
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Nordenfelt P, Moore TI, Mehta SB, Kalappurakkal JM, Swaminathan V, Koga N, Lambert TJ, Baker D, Waters JC, Oldenbourg R, Tani T, Mayor S, Waterman CM, Springer TA. Direction of actin flow dictates integrin LFA-1 orientation during leukocyte migration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2047. [PMID: 29229906 PMCID: PMC5725580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αβ heterodimer cell surface receptors mediate adhesive interactions that provide traction for cell migration. Here, we test whether the integrin, when engaged to an extracellular ligand and the cytoskeleton, adopts a specific orientation dictated by the direction of actin flow on the surface of migrating cells. We insert GFP into the rigid, ligand-binding head of the integrin, model with Rosetta the orientation of GFP and its transition dipole relative to the integrin head, and measure orientation with fluorescence polarization microscopy. Cytoskeleton and ligand-bound integrins orient in the same direction as retrograde actin flow with their cytoskeleton-binding β-subunits tilted by applied force. The measurements demonstrate that intracellular forces can orient cell surface integrins and support a molecular model of integrin activation by cytoskeletal force. Our results place atomic, Å-scale structures of cell surface receptors in the context of functional and cellular, μm-scale measurements. Integrin αβ heterodimer cell surface receptors mediate adhesive interactions that provide traction for cell migration. Here the authors show that actin flow can orient cell surface integrins during leukocyte migration, suggesting integrin activation by cytoskeletal force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Nordenfelt
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
| | - Travis I Moore
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shalin B Mehta
- Eugene Bell Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Joseph Mathew Kalappurakkal
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Vinay Swaminathan
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20824, USA
| | - Nobuyasu Koga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Talley J Lambert
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer C Waters
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rudolf Oldenbourg
- Eugene Bell Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Tomomi Tani
- Eugene Bell Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20824, USA
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA. .,Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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4
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Pavšič M, Gunčar G, Djinović-Carugo K, Lenarčič B. Crystal structure and its bearing towards an understanding of key biological functions of EpCAM. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4764. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Recacha R, Jiménez D, Tian L, Barredo R, Gahmberg CG, Casasnovas JM. Crystal structures of an ICAM-5 ectodomain fragment show electrostatic-based homophilic adhesions. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:1934-43. [PMID: 25004970 PMCID: PMC4089487 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714009468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5) is a member of the ICAM subfamily that is exclusively expressed in the telencephalon region of the brain. The crystal structure of the four most N-terminal glycosylated domains (D1-D4) of ICAM-5 was determined in three different space groups and the D1-D5 fragment was modelled. The structures showed a curved molecule with two pronounced interdomain bends between D2 and D3 and between D3 and D4, as well as some interdomain flexibility. In contrast to ICAM-1, ICAM-5 has patches of positive and negative electrostatic charge at D1-D2 and at D3-D5, respectively. ICAM-5 can mediate homotypic interactions. In the crystals, several charge-based intermolecular interactions between the N-terminal and C-terminal moieties of the ICAM-5 molecules were observed, which defined an interacting surface in the D1-D4 fragment. One of the crystal lattices has a molecular assembly that could represent the homophilic ICAM-5 cell adhesion complex in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Recacha
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB–CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3,, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB–CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3,, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Li Tian
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Román Barredo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB–CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3,, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl G. Gahmberg
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - José M. Casasnovas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB–CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3,, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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ICAM-2 confers a non-metastatic phenotype in neuroblastoma cells by interaction with α-actinin. Oncogene 2014; 34:1553-62. [PMID: 24704826 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive metastatic disease is a major cause of mortality for patients diagnosed with multiple types of solid tumors. One of the long-term goals of our laboratory is to identify molecular interactions that regulate metastasis, as a basis for developing agents that inhibit this process. Toward this goal, we recently demonstrated that intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2) converted neuroblastoma (NB) cells from a metastatic to a non-metastatic phenotype, a previously unknown function for ICAM-2. Interestingly, ICAM-2 suppressed metastatic but not tumorigenic potential in preclinical models, supporting a novel mechanism of regulating metastasis. We hypothesized that the effects of ICAM-2 on NB cell phenotype depend on the interaction of ICAM-2 with the cytoskeletal linker protein α-actinin. The goal of the study presented here was to evaluate the impact of α-actinin binding to ICAM-2 on the phenotype of NB tumor cells. We used in silico approaches to examine the likelihood that the cytoplasmic domain of ICAM-2 binds directly to α-actinin. We then expressed variants of ICAM-2 with mutated α-actinin-binding domains, and compared the impact of ICAM-2 and each variant on NB cell adhesion, migration, anchorage-independent growth, co-precipitation with α-actinin and production of localized and disseminated tumors in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo characteristics of cells expressing ICAM-2 variants with modified α-actinin-binding domains differed from cells expressing ICAM-2 wild type (WT) and also from cells that expressed no detectable ICAM-2. Like the WT protein, ICAM-2 variants inhibited cell adhesion, migration and colony growth in vitro. However, unlike the WT protein, ICAM-2 variants did not completely suppress development of disseminated NB tumors in vivo. The data suggest the presence of α-actinin-dependent and α-actinin-independent mechanisms, and indicate that the interaction of ICAM-2 with α-actinin is critical to conferring an ICAM-2-mediated non-metastatic phenotype in NB cells.
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7
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Halai K, Whiteford J, Ma B, Nourshargh S, Woodfin A. ICAM-2 facilitates luminal interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells in vivo. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:620-9. [PMID: 24317296 PMCID: PMC4007766 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.137463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2) is expressed on endothelial cells (ECs) and supports neutrophil extravasation. However, the full details of its role remain unknown, and the present study investigates the functional mechanisms of ICAM-2 in neutrophil–endothelial-cell interactions. Our initial studies showed expression of ICAM-2 at both EC junctions and on the EC body. In line with the observed expression profile analysis of neutrophil–vessel-wall interactions using real-time in vivo confocal microscopy identified numerous functional roles for ICAM-2 within the vascular lumen and at the stage of neutrophil extravasation. Functional or genetic blockade of ICAM-2 significantly reduced neutrophil crawling velocity, increased frequency of crawling with a disrupted stop-start profile, and prolonged interaction of neutrophils with EC junctions prior to transendothelial cell migration (TEM), collectively resulting in significantly reduced extravasation. Pharmacological blockade of the leukocyte integrin MAC-1 indicated that some ICAM-2-dependent functions might be mediated through ligation of this integrin. These findings highlight novel roles for ICAM-2 in mediating luminal neutrophil crawling and the effect on subsequent levels of extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishma Halai
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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8
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Feduska JM, Garcia PL, Brennan SB, Bu S, Council LN, Yoon KJ. N-glycosylation of ICAM-2 is required for ICAM-2-mediated complete suppression of metastatic potential of SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:261. [PMID: 23714211 PMCID: PMC3700849 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are expressed ubiquitously. Each of the four families of CAMs is comprised of glycosylated, membrane-bound proteins that participate in multiple cellular processes including cell-cell communication, cell motility, inside-out and outside-in signaling, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of CAMs, has six N-linked glycosylation sites at amino acids (asparagines) 47, 82, 105, 153, 178 and 187. Recently, we demonstrated a previously unknown function for ICAM-2 in tumor cells. We showed that ICAM-2 suppressed neuroblastoma cell motility and growth in soft agar, and induced a juxtamembrane distribution of F-actin in vitro. We also showed that ICAM-2 completely suppressed development of disseminated tumors in vivo in a murine model of metastatic NB. These effects of ICAM-2 on NB cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo depended on the interaction of ICAM-2 with the cytoskeletal linker protein α-actinin. Interestingly, ICAM-2 did not suppress subcutaneous growth of tumors in mice, suggesting that ICAM-2 affects the metastatic but not the tumorigenic potential of NB cells. The goal of the study presented here was to determine if the glycosylation status of ICAM-2 influenced its function in neuroblastoma cells. Methods Because it is well documented that glycosylation facilitates essential steps in tumor progression and metastasis, we investigated whether the glycosylation status of ICAM-2 affected the phenotype of NB cells. We used site-directed mutagenesis to express hypo- or non-glycosylated variants of ICAM-2, by substituting alanine for asparagine at glycosylation sites, and compared the impact of each variant on NB cell motility, anchorage-independent growth, interaction with intracellular proteins, effect on F-actin distribution and metastatic potential in vivo. Results The in vitro and in vivo phenotypes of cells expressing glycosylation site variants differed from cells expressing fully-glycosylated ICAM-2 or no ICAM-2. Most striking was the finding that mice injected intravenously with NB cells expressing glycosylation site variants survived longer (P ≤ 0.002) than mice receiving SK-N-AS cells with undetectable ICAM-2. However, unlike fully-glycosylated ICAM-2, glycosylation site variants did not completely suppress disseminated tumor development. Conclusions Reduced glycosylation of ICAM-2 significantly attenuated, but did not abolish, its ability to suppress metastatic properties of NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Feduska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yu Y, Zhu J, Huang PS, Wang JH, Pullen N, Springer TA. Domain 1 of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule has an I1-set fold and a flexible integrin-binding loop. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6284-94. [PMID: 23297416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.413153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) binds integrin α4β7. Their interaction directs lymphocyte homing to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The interaction between the two immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains of MAdCAM and integrin α4β7 is unusual in its ability to mediate either rolling adhesion or firm adhesion of lymphocytes on vascular surfaces. We determined four crystal structures of the IgSF domains of MAdCAM to test for unusual structural features that might correlate with this functional diversity. Higher resolution 1.7- and 1.4-Å structures of the IgSF domains of MAdCAM in a previously described crystal lattice revealed two alternative conformations of the integrin-binding loop, which were deformed by large lattice contacts. New crystal forms in the presence of two different Fabs to MAdCAM demonstrate a shift in IgSF domain topology from the I2- to I1-set, with a switch of integrin-binding loop from CC' to CD. The I1-set fold and CD loop appear biologically relevant. The different conformations seen in crystal structures suggest that the integrin-binding loop of MAdCAM is inherently flexible. This contrasts with rigidity of the corresponding loops in vascular cell adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, and ICAM-5 and may reflect a specialization of MAdCAM to mediate both rolling and firm adhesion by binding to different α4β7 integrin conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Yu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y. Function and 3D structure of the N-glycans on glycoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8398-8429. [PMID: 22942711 PMCID: PMC3430242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells and plays important roles in many biological processes, such as the immune response and protein quality control systems. It has been notoriously difficult to study glycoproteins by X-ray crystallography since the glycan moieties usually have a heterogeneous chemical structure and conformation, and are often mobile. Nonetheless, recent technical advances in glycoprotein crystallography have accelerated the accumulation of 3D structural information. Statistical analysis of “snapshots” of glycoproteins can provide clues to understanding their structural and dynamic aspects. In this review, we provide an overview of crystallographic analyses of glycoproteins, in which electron density of the glycan moiety is clearly observed. These well-defined N-glycan structures are in most cases attributed to carbohydrate-protein and/or carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions and may function as “molecular glue” to help stabilize inter- and intra-molecular interactions. However, the more mobile N-glycans on cell surface receptors, the electron density of which is usually missing on X-ray crystallography, seem to guide the partner ligand to its binding site and prevent irregular protein aggregation by covering oligomerization sites away from the ligand-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-48-467-9619; Fax: +81-48-467-9620
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11
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Yin Y, Wang XX, Mariuzza RA. Crystal structure of a complete ternary complex of T-cell receptor, peptide-MHC, and CD4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:5405-10. [PMID: 22431638 PMCID: PMC3325661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118801109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity depends on specific recognition by a T-cell receptor (TCR) of an antigenic peptide bound to a major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule on an antigen-presenting cell (APC). In addition, T-cell activation generally requires binding of this same pMHC to a CD4 or CD8 coreceptor. Here, we report the structure of a complete TCR-pMHC-CD4 ternary complex involving a human autoimmune TCR, a myelin-derived self-peptide bound to HLA-DR4, and CD4. The complex resembles a pointed arch in which TCR and CD4 are each tilted ∼65° relative to the T-cell membrane. By precluding direct contacts between TCR and CD4, the structure explains how TCR and CD4 on the T cell can simultaneously, yet independently, engage the same pMHC on the APC. The structure, in conjunction with previous mutagenesis data, places TCR-associated CD3εγ and CD3εδ subunits, which transmit activation signals to the T cell, inside the TCR-pMHC-CD4 arch, facing CD4. By establishing anchor points for TCR and CD4 on the T-cell membrane, the complex provides a basis for understanding how the CD4 coreceptor focuses TCR on MHC to guide TCR docking on pMHC during thymic T-cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yin
- W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850; and
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and
| | - Xin Xiang Wang
- W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850; and
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850; and
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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Koch M, Chitayat S, Dattilo BM, Schiefner A, Diez J, Chazin WJ, Fritz G. Structural basis for ligand recognition and activation of RAGE. Structure 2011; 18:1342-52. [PMID: 20947022 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in inflammatory processes and is associated with diabetic complications, tumor outgrowth, and neurodegenerative disorders. RAGE induces cellular signaling events upon binding of a variety of ligands, such as glycated proteins, amyloid-β, HMGB1, and S100 proteins. The X-ray crystal structure of the VC1 ligand-binding region of the human RAGE ectodomain was determined at 1.85 Å resolution. The VC1 ligand-binding surface was mapped onto the structure from titrations with S100B monitored by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. These NMR chemical shift perturbations were used as input for restrained docking calculations to generate a model for the VC1-S100B complex. Together, the arrangement of VC1 molecules in the crystal and complementary biochemical studies suggest a role for self-association in RAGE function. Our results enhance understanding of the functional outcomes of S100 protein binding to RAGE and provide insight into mechanistic models for how the receptor is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koch
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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13
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Zhou B, Chen Q, Mallis RJ, Zhang H, Liu JH, Reinherz EL, Wang JH. A conserved hydrophobic patch on Vβ domains revealed by TCRβ chain crystal structures: Implications for pre-TCR dimerization. Front Immunol 2011; 2:5. [PMID: 22566796 PMCID: PMC3341985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The αβ T cell receptor (TCR) is a multimeric complex whose β chain plays a crucial role in thymocyte development as well as antigen recognition by mature T lymphocytes. We report here crystal structures of individual β subunits, termed N15β (Vβ5.2Dβ2Jβ2.6Cβ2) and N30β (Vβ13Dβ1Jβ1.1Cβ2), derived from two αβ TCRs specific for the immunodominant vesicular stomatitis virus octapeptide (VSV-8) bound to the murine H-2Kb MHC class I molecule. The crystal packing of the N15β structure reveals a homodimer formed through two Vβ domains. The Vβ/Vβ module is topologically very similar to the Vα/Vβ module in the N15αβ heterodimer. By contrast, in the N30β structure, the Vβ domain’s external hydrophobic CFG face is covered by the neighboring molecule’s Cβ domain. In conjunction with systematic investigation of previously published TCR single-subunit structures, we identified several conserved residues forming a concave hydrophobic patch at the center of the CFG outer face of the Vβ and other V-type Ig-like domains. This hydrophobic patch is shielded from solvent exposure in the crystal packing, implying that it is unlikely to be thermodynamically stable if exposed on the thymocyte surface. Accordingly, we propose a dimeric pre-TCR model distinct from those suggested previously by others and discuss its functional and structural implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Intermediate monomer-dimer equilibrium structure of native ICAM-1: implication for enhanced cell adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:163-72. [PMID: 20955696 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been known to more efficiently mediate cell adhesion than monomeric ICAM-1. Here, we found that truncation of the intracellular domain of ICAM-1 significantly enhances surface dimerization based on the two criteria: 1) the binding degree of monomer-specific antibody CA-7 and 2) the ratio of dimer/monomer when a mutation (L42→C42) was introduced in the interface of domain 1. Mutation analysis revealed that the positively charged amino acids, including very membrane-proximal ⁵⁰⁵R, are essential for maintaining the structural transition between the monomer and dimer. Despite a strong dimer presentation, the ICAM-1 mutants lacking an intracellular domain (IC1ΔCTD) or containing R to A substitution in position 505 (⁵⁰⁵R/A) supported a lower degree of cell adhesion than did wild-type ICAM-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the native structure of surface ICAM-1 is not a dimer, but is an intermediate monomer-dimer equilibrium structure by which the effectiveness of ICAM-1 can be fully achieved.
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15
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Lütteke T. Analysis and validation of carbohydrate three-dimensional structures. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2009; 65:156-68. [PMID: 19171971 PMCID: PMC2631634 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444909001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbohydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a valuable resource for three-dimensional structural information on glycoproteins and protein-carbohydrate complexes. Unfortunately, many carbohydrate moieties in the PDB contain inconsistencies or errors. This article gives an overview of the information that can be obtained from individual PDB entries and from statistical analyses of sets of three-dimensional structures, of typical problems that arise during the analysis of carbohydrate three-dimensional structures and of the validation tools that are currently available to scientists to evaluate the quality of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lütteke
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, BOC2, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Zhang H, Casasnovas JM, Jin M, Liu JH, Gahmberg CG, Springer TA, Wang JH. An unusual allosteric mobility of the C-terminal helix of a high-affinity alphaL integrin I domain variant bound to ICAM-5. Mol Cell 2008; 31:432-7. [PMID: 18691975 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that transduce signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane. The key event of integrin signaling is the allosteric regulation between its ligand-binding site and the C-terminal helix (alpha7) of integrin's inserted (I) domain. A significant axial movement of the alpha7 helix is associated with the open, active conformation of integrins. We describe the crystal structure of an engineered high-affinity I domain from the integrin alpha(L)beta(2) (LFA-1) alpha subunit in complex with the N-terminal two domains of ICAM-5, an adhesion molecule expressed in telencephalic neurons. The finding that the alpha7 helix swings out and inserts into a neighboring I domain in an upside-down orientation in the crystals implies an intrinsically unusual mobility of this helix. This remarkable feature allows the alpha7 helix to trigger integrin's large-scale conformational changes with little energy penalty. It serves as a mechanistic example of how a weakly bound adhesion molecule works in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Sun PD, Boyington JC. Overview of protein folds in the immune system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Appendix 1:Appendix 1N. [PMID: 18432648 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.ima01ns44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in recent years has resulted in the solution of macromolecular structures at an unprecedented rate. This review aims at providing a comprehensive description of structures and folds related to the function of the immune system. Focus is placed on immunologically relevant proteins such as immunoreceptors and major histocompatibility complexes. Information is also provided regarding protein structure data banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Sun
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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18
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Yu XL, Hu T, Du JM, Ding JP, Yang XM, Zhang J, Yang B, Shen X, Zhang Z, Zhong WD, Wen N, Jiang H, Zhu P, Chen ZN. Crystal Structure of HAb18G/CD147. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18056-65. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802694200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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19
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Drees C, Stürmer CA, Möller HM, Fritz G. Expression and purification of neurolin immunoglobulin domain 2 from Carrassius auratus (goldfish) in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 59:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Gahmberg CG, Tian L, Ning L, Nyman-Huttunen H. ICAM-5--a novel two-facetted adhesion molecule in the mammalian brain. Immunol Lett 2008; 117:131-5. [PMID: 18367254 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is of utmost importance for normal development and cellular functions. ICAM-5 (intercellular adhesion molecule-5, telencephalin) is a member of the ICAM-family of adhesion proteins. These proteins bind to leukocyte beta(2)-integrins (CD11/CD18), but ICAM-5 is exceptional in several ways. It is solely expressed in the mammalian forebrain, appears at the time of birth, and is located in the soma and dendrites of neurons. It is structurally more complex than the others, and also shows homophilic adhesion. Recent studies show that it is important for the regulation of immunological activity in the brain and for the development of neuronal synapses and signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Gahmberg
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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21
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Toivanen A, Ihanus E, Mattila M, Lutz HU, Gahmberg CG. Importance of molecular studies on major blood groups--intercellular adhesion molecule-4, a blood group antigen involved in multiple cellular interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1780:456-66. [PMID: 17997044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several blood groups, including the LW-blood group were discovered in the first part of last century, but their biochemical characteristics and cellular functions have only more recently been elucidated. The LW-blood group, renamed ICAM-4 (CD242), is red cell specific and belongs to the intercellular adhesion molecule family. ICAM-4 binds to several integrin receptors on blood and endothelial cells and is thus able to form large cellular complexes containing red cells. Its physiological function(s) has remained incompletely understood, but recent work shows that macrophage integrins can bind red cells through this ligand. In this article we discuss molecular properties of major blood group antigens, describe ICAM-4 in more detail, and show that phagocytosis of senescent red cells is in part ICAM-4/beta(2)-integrin dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Toivanen
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix, and cell-pathogen interactions. They play critical roles for the immune system in leukocyte trafficking and migration, immunological synapse formation, costimulation, and phagocytosis. Integrin adhesiveness can be dynamically regulated through a process termed inside-out signaling. In addition, ligand binding transduces signals from the extracellular domain to the cytoplasm in the classical outside-in direction. Recent structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of integrin bidirectional signaling across the plasma membrane. Large-scale reorientations of the ectodomain of up to 200 A couple to conformational change in ligand-binding sites and are linked to changes in alpha and beta subunit transmembrane domain association. In this review, we focus on integrin structure as it relates to affinity modulation, ligand binding, outside-in signaling, and cell surface distribution dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hao Luo
- The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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23
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Perez OD, Mitchell D, Nolan GP. Differential role of ICAM ligands in determination of human memory T cell differentiation. BMC Immunol 2007; 8:2. [PMID: 17233909 PMCID: PMC1784112 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukocyte Function Antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a primary adhesion molecule that plays important roles in T cell activation, leukocyte recirculation, and trans-endothelial migration. By applying a multivariate intracellular phospho-proteomic analysis, we demonstrate that LFA-1 differentially activates signaling molecules. Results Signal intensity was dependent on both ICAM ligand and LFA-1 concentration. In the presence of CD3 and CD28 stimulation, ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 decreased TGFβ1 production more than ICAM-1. In long-term differentiation experiments, stimulation with ICAM-3, CD3, and CD28 generated IFNγ producing CD4+CD45RO+CD62L-CD11aBrightCD27- cells that had increased expression of intracellular BCL2, displayed distinct chemokine receptor profiles, and exhibited distinct migratory characteristics. Only CD3/CD28 with ICAM-3 generated CD4+CD45RO+CD62L-CD11aBrightCD27- cells that were functionally responsive to chemotaxis and exhibited higher frequencies of cells that signaled to JNK and ERK1/2 upon stimulation with MIP3α. Furthermore, these reports identify that the LFA-1 receptor, when presented with multiple ligands, can result in distinct T cell differentiation states and suggest that the combinatorial integration of ICAM ligand interactions with LFA-1 have functional consequences for T cell biology. Conclusion Thus, the ICAM ligands, differentially modulate LFA-1 signaling in T cells and potentiate the development of memory human T cells in vitro. These findings are of importance in a mechanistic understanding of memory cell differentiation and ex vivo generation of memory cell subsets for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar D Perez
- The Baxter Laboratory for Genetic Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dennis Mitchell
- The Baxter Laboratory for Genetic Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- The Baxter Laboratory for Genetic Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Wojcikiewicz EP, Abdulreda MH, Zhang X, Moy VT. Force spectroscopy of LFA-1 and its ligands, ICAM-1 and ICAM-2. Biomacromolecules 2007; 7:3188-95. [PMID: 17096550 PMCID: PMC2570329 DOI: 10.1021/bm060559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule measurements of the interaction of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), expressed on Jurkat T cells, with intercellular adhesion molecules-1 and -2 (ICAM-1 and ICAM-2) were conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The force spectra (i.e., unbinding force versus loading rate) of both the LFA-1/ICAM-1 and LFA-1/ICAM-2 interactions were acquired at a loading rate range covering 3 orders of magnitude (50-60,000 pN/s) and revealed a fast loading regime and a slow loading regime. This indicates that the dissociation of both complexes involves overcoming a steep inner and a wide outer activation barrier. LFA-1 binding to ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 was strengthened in the slow loading regime by the addition of Mg(2+). Differences in the dynamic strength of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 and LFA-1/ICAM-2 interactions can be attributed to the presence of wider barriers in the ICAM-2 complex, making it more responsive to a pulling force than the ICAM-1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa P Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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25
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Ihanus E, Uotila LM, Toivanen A, Varis M, Gahmberg CG. Red-cell ICAM-4 is a ligand for the monocyte/macrophage integrin CD11c/CD18: characterization of the binding sites on ICAM-4. Blood 2006; 109:802-10. [PMID: 16985175 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (ICAM-4) is a unique member of the ICAM family because of its specific expression on erythroid cells and ability to interact with several types of integrins expressed on blood and endothelial cells. The first reported receptors for ICAM-4 were CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18. In contrast to these 2, the cellular ligands and the functional role of the third beta2 integrin, CD11c/CD18, have not been well defined. Here, we show that ICAM-4 functions as a ligand for the monocyte/macrophage-specific CD11c/CD18. Deletion of the individual immunoglobulin domains of ICAM-4 demonstrated that both its domains contain binding sites for CD11c/CD18. Analysis of a panel of ICAM-4 point mutants identified residues that affected binding to the integrin. By molecular modeling the important residues were predicted to cluster in 2 distinct but spatially close regions of the first domain with an extension to the second domain spatially distant from the other residues. We also identified 2 peptides derived from sequences of ICAM-4 that are capable of modulating the binding to CD11c/CD18. CD11c/CD18 is expressed on macrophages in spleen and bone marrow. Inhibition of erythrophagocytosis by anti-ICAM-4 and anti-integrin antibodies suggests a role for these interactions in removal of senescent red cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveliina Ihanus
- Faculty of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, University of Helsinki 00014, Finland
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26
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Nam K, Maiorov V, Feuston B, Kearsley S. Dynamic control of allosteric antagonism of leukocyte function antigen-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 interaction. Proteins 2006; 64:376-84. [PMID: 16705652 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) plays a critical role in T cell migration and has been recognized as a therapeutic target for immune disorders. Several classes of small molecule antagonists have been developed to block LFA-1 interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Recent structural studies show that the antagonists bind to an allosteric site in the I-domain of LFA-1. However, it is not yet clear how these small molecules work as antagonists since no significant conformational change is observed in the I-domain-antagonist complex structures. Here we present a computational study suggesting how these allosteric antagonists affect the dynamics of the I-domain. The lowest frequency vibrational mode calculated from an LFA-1 I-domain structure shows large scale "coil-down" motion of the C-terminal alpha7 helix, which may lead to the open form of the I-domain. The presence of an allosteric antagonist greatly reduces this motion of the alpha7 helix as well as other parts of the I-domain. Thus, our study suggests that allosteric antagonists work by eliminating breathing motion that leads to the open conformation of the I-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyean Nam
- Department of Molecular Systems, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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27
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Ordoño D, Enjuanes L, Casasnovas JM. Methods for preparation of low abundance glycoproteins from mammalian cell supernatants. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 39:151-6. [PMID: 16822540 PMCID: PMC7112421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins secreted to mammalian cell supernatants are usually in a low concentration and purity, due to the limitation of the expression systems or the presence of a large amount of contaminant proteins from the cell medium. So, initial protein recovery from cell supernatants requires of a highly specific chromatography step. We compared several purification methods based on affinity chromatography for purification of proteins from cell culture supernatants: metal chelate affinity, strep-tag and immunopurification with a monoclonal antibody. Soluble receptor glycoproteins were engineered with the corresponding peptide tag at their C-terminal end. The proteins were expressed in 293T cells and secreted to the cell supernatant, as monitored by sandwich ELISA. Supernatants were run through the different chromatography columns and several purification-related parameters determined. While all column-retained proteins were easily eluted, the chelating and immunopurification chromatography gave the highest yield and the latest method provided a sample with the highest purity. So, in spite of its cost, immunopurification chromatography gave optimal results for purification of a low abundance protein from a cell supernatant. Finally, we applied a protein expression system together with immunopurification chromatography for preparation of a glycoprotein for crystallization.
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28
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Zecchinon L, Fett T, Vanden Bergh P, Desmecht D. Bind another day: The LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction as therapeutic target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cair.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Delahunty M, Zennadi R, Telen MJ. LW protein: a promiscuous integrin receptor activated by adrenergic signaling. Transfus Clin Biol 2006; 13:44-9. [PMID: 16564726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2006.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The LW blood group antigen glycoprotein, although part of the Rh macromolecular complex, is nonetheless a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family. Thus, while it is only rarely clinically important in the setting of transfusion and pregnancy, LW is likely to contribute to red cell adhesion in a variety of settings, including during hematopoiesis, as well as in vascular disorders. The best documentation of a pathophysiological role for LW in human disease is in sickle cell disease, where it contributes to red cell adhesion to endothelial cells and the development of vaso-occlusion, the hallmark of that disease. LW may also contribute to other intravascular processes, such as both venous and arterial thrombosis, due to its ability to interact with both activated platelets as well as leukocytes. The evidence that LW itself can undergo activation on red cells holds promise that pharmacotherapeutic maneuvers may be found to prevent such pathophysiologic interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/physiopathology
- Blood Group Antigens/genetics
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Epinephrine/pharmacology
- Erythrocytes/metabolism
- Erythrocytes/physiology
- Humans
- Integrin alphaV/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thrombosis/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delahunty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Box 2615, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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30
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Król M, Roterman I, Piekarska B, Konieczny L, Rybarska J, Stopa B, Spólnik P. Analysis of correlated domain motions in IgG light chain reveals possible mechanisms of immunological signal transduction. Proteins 2006; 59:545-54. [PMID: 15778960 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It was shown experimentally that binding of a micelle composed of Congo red molecules to immunological complexes leads to the enhanced stability of the latter, and simultaneously prevents binding of a complement molecule (C1q). The dye binds in a cavity created by the removal of N-terminal polypeptide chain, as observed experimentally in a model system-immunoglobulin G (IgG) light chain dimer. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of three forms of IgG light chain dimer, with and without the dye, were performed to investigate the role of N-terminal fragment and self-assembled ligand in coupling between V and C domains. Root-mean-square distance (RMSD) time profiles show that removal of N-terminal fragment leads to destabilization of V domain. A micelle composed of four self-assembled dye molecules stabilizes and fixes the domain. Analysis of root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) values and dynamic cross-correlation matrices (DCCM) reveals that removal of N-terminal fragment results in complete decoupling between V and C domains. Binding of self-assembled Congo red molecules improves the coupling, albeit slightly. The disruption of a small beta-sheet composed of N- and C-terminal fragments of the domain (NC sheet) is the most likely reason for the decoupling. Self-assembled ligand, bound in the place originally occupied by N-terminal fragment, is not able to take over the function of the beta-sheet. Lack of correlation of motions between residues in V and C domains denotes that light chain-Congo red complexes have hampered ability to transmit conformational changes between domains. This is a likely explanation of the lack of complement binding by immunological complexes, which bind Congo red, and supports the idea that the NC sheet is the key structural fragment taking part in immunological signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Król
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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31
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Hänel K, Stangler T, Stoldt M, Willbold D. Solution structure of the X4 protein coded by the SARS related coronavirus reveals an immunoglobulin like fold and suggests a binding activity to integrin I domains. J Biomed Sci 2005; 13:281-93. [PMID: 16328780 PMCID: PMC7089389 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-9043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS related Coronavirus genome contains a variety of novel accessory genes. One of these, called ORF7a or ORF8, code for a protein, known as 7a, U122 or X4. We set out to determine the three-dimensional structure of the soluble ectodomain of this type-I transmembrane protein by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fold of the protein is the first member of a further variation of the immunoglobulin like beta-sandwich fold. Because X4 does not reveal significant sequence homologies to proteins in the data bases, we carried out a structure based similarity search for proteins with known function. High structural similarity to Dl domains of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, and common features in amino acid sequence between X4 and ICAM-1, suggest X4 to possess binding activity for the alpha(L) integrin I domain of LFA-1. Further, based on this structure based prediction, potential functions of X4 in virus replication and pathogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hänel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Biologische Informationsverarbeitung (IBI-2), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physikalische Biologie and BMFZ, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Stangler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Biologische Informationsverarbeitung (IBI-2), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physikalische Biologie and BMFZ, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Stoldt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Biologische Informationsverarbeitung (IBI-2), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physikalische Biologie and BMFZ, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Biologische Informationsverarbeitung (IBI-2), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Physikalische Biologie and BMFZ, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Song G, Yang Y, Liu JH, Casasnovas JM, Shimaoka M, Springer TA, Wang JH. An atomic resolution view of ICAM recognition in a complex between the binding domains of ICAM-3 and integrin alphaLbeta2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:3366-71. [PMID: 15728350 PMCID: PMC552929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Ig superfamily (IgSF), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) form a subfamily that binds the leukocyte integrin alphaLbeta2. We report a 1.65-A-resolution crystal structure of the ICAM-3 N-terminal domain (D1) in complex with the inserted domain, the ligand-binding domain of alphaLbeta2. This high-resolution structure and comparisons among ICAM subfamily members establish that the binding of ICAM-3 D1 onto the inserted domain represents a common docking mode for ICAM subfamily members. The markedly different off-rates of ICAM-1, -2, and -3 appear to be determined by the hydrophobicity of residues that surround a metal coordination bond in the alphaLbeta2-binding interfaces. Variation in composition of glycans on the periphery of the interfaces influences on-rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Song
- CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jiménez D, Roda-Navarro P, Springer TA, Casasnovas JM. Contribution of N-Linked Glycans to the Conformation and Function of Intercellular Adhesion Molecules (ICAMs). J Biol Chem 2005; 280:5854-61. [PMID: 15545280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structures of the glycosylated N-terminal two domains of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 provided a framework for understanding the role of glycosylation in the structure and function of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs). The most conserved glycans were less flexible in the structures, interacting with protein residues and contributing to receptor folding and expression. The first N-linked glycan in ICAM-2 contacts an exposed tryptophan residue, defining a conserved glycan-W motif critical for the conformation of the integrin binding domain. The absence of this motif in human ICAM-1 exposes regions used in receptor dimerization and rhinovirus recognition. Experiments with soluble molecules having the N-terminal two domains of human ICAMs identified glycans of the high mannose type N-linked to the second domain of the dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin lectin-ligands ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. About 40% of those receptor molecules bear endoglycosidase H sensitive glycans responsible of the lectin binding activity. High mannose glycans were absent in ICAM-1, which did not bind to the lectin, but they appeared in ICAM-1 mutants with additional N-linked glycosylation and lectin binding activity. N-Linked glycosylation regulate both conformation and immune related functions of ICAM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Querol-Audí J, Fita I, Verdaguer N. X-ray crystallography of virus-receptor complexes: structure of a minor group rhinovirus bound to its cellular receptor protein. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/08893110500078704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Hermand P, Gane P, Callebaut I, Kieffer N, Cartron JP, Bailly P. Integrin receptor specificity for human red cell ICAM-4 ligand. Critical residues for alphaIIbeta3 binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:3729-40. [PMID: 15355350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The red cell intercellular adhesion molecule-4 (ICAM-4) binds to different members of the integrin receptor families. To better define the ICAM-4 integrin receptor specificity, cell transfectants individually expressing various integrins were used to demonstrate that alphaLbeta2, alphaMbeta2, and alphaIIbbeta3 (activated) bind specifically and dose dependently to the recombinant ICAM-4-Fc protein. We also show that cell surface ICAM-4 interacts with the cell surface alphaVbeta3 integrin. In addition, using a alpha4beta1 cell transfectant and beta2 integrin-deficient LAD cells, we show here that ICAM-4 failed to interact with alpha4beta1 even after alpha4beta1 activation by phorbol ester or with the monoclonal antibody TS2/16 (+ Mn2+). ICAM-4 amino acids that are critical for alphaIIbbeta3 and alphaVbeta3 interaction were identified by domain deletion analysis, site-directed mutagenesis and synthetic peptide inhibition. Our results provide evidence that the beta3 integrin binding sites encompass the first and second Ig-like domains of ICAM-4. However, while the alphaIIbbeta3 contact site comprises the ABED face of domain D1 with an extension in the C'-E loop of domain D2, the alphaVbeta3 contact site comprises residues on both faces of D1 and in the C'-E loop of D2. These data, together with our previous results, demonstrate that different integrins bind to different but partly overlapping sites on ICAM-4, and that ICAM-4 may accommodate multiple integrin receptors present on leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hermand
- INSERM U76, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
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37
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Atkins AR, Gallin WJ, Owens GC, Edelman GM, Cunningham BA. Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) homophilic binding mediated by the two N-terminal Ig domains is influenced by intramolecular domain-domain interactions. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:49633-43. [PMID: 15381695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409159200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, mediates homophilic interactions between cells has been variously attributed to an isologous interaction of the third immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, to reciprocal binding of the two N-terminal Ig domains, or to reciprocal interactions of all five Ig domains. Here, we have used a panel of recombinant proteins in a bead binding assay, as well as transfected and primary cells, to clarify the molecular mechanism of N-CAM homophilic binding. The entire extracellular region of N-CAM mediated bead aggregation in a concentration- and temperature-dependent manner. Interactions of the N-terminal Ig domains, Ig1 and Ig2, were essential for bead binding, based on deletion and mutation experiments and on antibody inhibition studies. These findings were largely in accord with aggregation experiments using transfected L cells or primary chick brain cells. Additionally, maximal binding was dependent on the integrity of the intramolecular domain-domain interactions throughout the extracellular region. We propose that these interactions maintain the relative orientation of each domain in an optimal configuration for binding. Our results suggest that the role of Ig3 in homophilic binding is largely structural. Several Ig3-specific reagents failed to affect N-CAM binding on beads or on cells, while an inhibitory effect of an Ig3-specific monoclonal antibody is probably due to perturbations at the Ig2-Ig3 boundary. Thus, it appears that reciprocal interactions between Ig1 and Ig2 are necessary and sufficient for N-CAM homophilic binding, but that maximal binding requires the quaternary structure of the extracellular region defined by intramolecular domain-domain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette R Atkins
- Department of Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Ca 92037, USA
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Springer TA, Wang JH. The three-dimensional structure of integrins and their ligands, and conformational regulation of cell adhesion. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2004; 68:29-63. [PMID: 15500858 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(04)68002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a structurally elaborate family of adhesion molecules that transmit signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane by undergoing large-scale structural rearrangements. By regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts, integrins participate in a wide-range of biological interactions including development, tissue repair, angiogenesis, inflammation and hemostasis. From a therapeutic standpoint, integrins are probably the most important class of cell adhesion receptors. Structural investigations on integrin-ligand interactions reveal remarkable features in molecular detail. These details include the atomic basis for divalent cation-dependent ligand binding and how conformational signals are propagated long distances from one domain to another between the cytoplasm and the extracellular ligand binding site that regulate affinity for ligand, and conversely, cytosolic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Springer
- CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Saxena DK, Toshimori K. Molecular modifications of MC31/CE9, a sperm surface molecule, during sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in the rat: is MC31/CE9 required for fertilization? Biol Reprod 2003; 70:993-1000. [PMID: 14645104 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.021667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the modification of the MC31 molecule during capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and studied its role in fertilization. These studies revealed that the molecular mass of MC31 in cauda spermatozoa was approximately 28,000-26,000 Dalton (28-26 kDa). A limited change in molecular mass was seen in capacitated spermatozoa. Treatment of sperm extracts with peptide-N-glycosidase (PN glycosidase) reduced the molecular mass of MC31 in both cauda and capacitated spermatozoa from 28-26 kDa to 23-20 kDa, suggesting that MC31 from both cauda and capacitated spermatozoa is glycosylated, and indicating that capacitation induces minor posttranslational modifications in the structure of the MC31 antigen. The MC31 antigen was redistributed from the midpiece of cauda epididymal spermatozoa to the head and equatorial segment after capacitation and acrosome reaction, respectively, when traced by indirect immunofluorescence under in vitro fertilization (IVF) conditions. Some spermatozoa did not stain for the MC31 antigen and might represent spermatozoa that have shed the antigen. IVF experiments conducted to assess the effect of an anti-MC31 monoclonal antibody (mMC31) revealed that this antibody significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited fertilization of cumulus-invested zona pellucida-intact and the zona pellucida-free oocytes in a dose-dependent manner. However, sperm-oolemma binding was not affected. These findings suggest the MC31 antigen facilitates sperm-oocyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Saxena
- Center for Research for Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, BRB II/III, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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40
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Mankelow TJ, Spring FA, Parsons SF, Brady RL, Mohandas N, Chasis JA, Anstee DJ. Identification of critical amino-acid residues on the erythroid intercellular adhesion molecule-4 (ICAM-4) mediating adhesion to alpha V integrins. Blood 2003; 103:1503-8. [PMID: 14551135 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-4 (ICAM-4, syn. LW glycoprotein) interacts with the integrins alpha(L)beta(2), alpha(M)beta(2), A(4)beta(1), the alpha(V) family, and alpha(IIb)beta(3). Systematic mutagenesis of surface-exposed residues conserved between human and murine ICAM-4 defined 12 single amino-acid changes that affect the interaction of ICAM-4 with alpha(V) integrins. Mutation of 10 of these residues, 8 of which are spatially close on the surface of the molecule, led to a reduction in adhesion. Moreover, peptides corresponding to regions of ICAM-4 involved in its interaction with alpha(V) integrins inhibited these interactions. The other 2 mutations increased the extent of interaction of ICAM-4 with alpha(V) integrins. These mutations appear to prevent glycosylation of N160, suggesting that changes in glycosylation may modulate ICAM-4-alpha(V) integrin interactions. The region of ICAM-4 identified as the binding site for alpha(V) integrins is adjacent to the binding sites for alpha(L)beta(2) and alpha(M)beta(2). Selective binding of ICAM-4 to different integrins may be important for a variety of normal red cell functions and also relevant to the pathology of thrombotic disorders and vasoocclusive events in sickle cell disease. Our findings suggest the feasibility of developing selective inhibitors of ICAM-4-integrin adhesion of therapeutic value in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosti J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5ND, UK.
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Shimaoka M, Xiao T, Liu JH, Yang Y, Dong Y, Jun CD, McCormack A, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Takagi J, Wang JH, Springer TA. Structures of the alpha L I domain and its complex with ICAM-1 reveal a shape-shifting pathway for integrin regulation. Cell 2003; 112:99-111. [PMID: 12526797 PMCID: PMC4372089 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the I domain of integrin alpha L beta 2 bound to the Ig superfamily ligand ICAM-1 reveals the open ligand binding conformation and the first example of an integrin-IgSF interface. The I domain Mg2+ directly coordinates Glu-34 of ICAM-1, and a dramatic swing of I domain residue Glu-241 enables a critical salt bridge. Liganded and unliganded structures for both high- and intermediate-affinity mutant I domains reveal that ligand binding can induce conformational change in the alpha L I domain and that allosteric signals can convert the closed conformation to intermediate or open conformations without ligand binding. Pulling down on the C-terminal alpha 7 helix with introduced disulfide bonds ratchets the beta 6-alpha 7 loop into three different positions in the closed, intermediate, and open conformations, with a progressive increase in affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Shimaoka
- The Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tsan Xiao
- The Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jin-Huan Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Yuting Yang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Yicheng Dong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- The Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Alison McCormack
- The Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Junichi Takagi
- The Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jia-Huai Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.), (J.-H.W.)
| | - Timothy A. Springer
- The Center for Blood Research, Department of Pathology, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.), (J.-H.W.)
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42
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Peterson JA, Nyree CE, Newman PJ, Aster RH. A site involving the "hybrid" and PSI homology domains of GPIIIa (beta 3-integrin subunit) is a common target for antibodies associated with quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2003; 101:937-42. [PMID: 12393510 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-dependent antibodies (DDAbs) can cause the precipitous destruction of platelets if a patient is exposed to the drug for which the antibodies are specific. The molecular character of the epitopes recognized is poorly understood, and the mechanism by which drugs promote tight binding of these antibodies to platelet glycoproteins without linking covalently to protein or antibody is not yet known. We studied a group of quinine-dependent antibodies that react with human glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa; beta3-integrin subunit) but fail to recognize rat GPIIIa, despite close homology between the 2 proteins. By characterizing reactions of these antibodies with human/rat GPIIIa chimeras and selected GPIIIa mutants, we found that each of 3 quinine-dependent antibodies requires a 17-amino acid sequence in the newly recognized "hybrid" and PSI homology domains of GPIIIa for drug-dependent binding. Disulfide bonds are required to stabilize the target epitope. Monoclonal antibody AP3, which blocks the binding of these DDAbs to GPIIIa, was found to require a more limited stretch of the same peptide for its reaction with the glycoprotein. The findings suggest this region of GPIIIa may be a favored target for quinine-dependent antibodies and may provide a basis for further studies to elucidate the molecular basis of glycoprotein-drug-antibody interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Peterson
- Blood Research Institute, the Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, and the Department of Cellular Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53201-2178, USA.
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43
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Tan K, Zelus BD, Meijers R, Liu JH, Bergelson JM, Duke N, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Holmes KV, Wang JH. Crystal structure of murine sCEACAM1a[1,4]: a coronavirus receptor in the CEA family. EMBO J 2002; 21:2076-86. [PMID: 11980704 PMCID: PMC125375 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.9.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. Isoforms of murine CEACAM1 serve as receptors for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. Here we report the crystal structure of soluble murine sCEACAM1a[1,4], which is composed of two Ig-like domains and has MHV neutralizing activity. Its N-terminal domain has a uniquely folded CC' loop that encompasses key virus-binding residues. This is the first atomic structure of any member of the CEA family, and provides a prototypic architecture for functional exploration of CEA family members. We discuss the structural basis of virus receptor activities of murine CEACAM1 proteins, binding of Neisseria to human CEACAM1, and other homophilic and heterophilic interactions of CEA family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Tan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Bruce D. Zelus
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Rob Meijers
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin-huan Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Jeffrey M. Bergelson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Norma Duke
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Kathryn V. Holmes
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Jia-huai Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
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Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Anderson ME, Yakovleva TV, Murray JS, Siahaan TJ. Inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 as a therapeutic approach to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Med Res Rev 2002; 22:146-67. [PMID: 11857637 DOI: 10.1002/med.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on providing insights into the structural basis and clinical relevance of LFA-1 and VLA-4 inhibition by peptides and small molecules as adhesion-based therapeutic strategies for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interactions of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) play central roles in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. Leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1, alpha(L)beta(2), and CD11a/CD18) and very late antigen (VLA-4, alpha(4)beta(1), and CD49d/CD29) are members of integrin-type CAM that are predominantly involved in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation. LFA-1 is exclusively expressed on leukocytes and interacts with its ligands ICAM-1, -2, and -3 to promote a variety of homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion events required for normal and pathologic functions of the immune systems. VLA-4 is expressed mainly on lymphocyte, monocytes, and eosinophils, but is not found on neutrophils. VLA-4 interacts with its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin (FN) CS1 during chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, transplant-rejection, and allergy. Blockade of LFA-1 and VLA-4 interactions with their ligands is a potential target for immunosuppression. LFA-1 and VLA-4 antagonists (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) are being developed for controlling inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The therapeutic intervention of mostly mAb-based has been extensively studied. However, due to the challenging relative efficacy/safety ratio of mAb-based therapy application, especially in terms of systemic administration and immunogenic potential, strategic alternatives in the forms of peptide, peptide mimetic inhibitors, and small molecule non-peptide antagonists are being sought. Linear and cyclic peptides derived from the sequences of LFA-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM-1, and FN C1 have been shown to have inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. Finally, understanding the mechanism of LFA-1 and VLA-4 binding to their ligands has become a fundamental basis in developing therapeutic agents for inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Research Laboratory, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Boackle SA, Holers VM, Chen X, Szakonyi G, Karp DR, Wakeland EK, Morel L. Cr2, a candidate gene in the murine Sle1c lupus susceptibility locus, encodes a dysfunctional protein. Immunity 2001; 15:775-85. [PMID: 11728339 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The major murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility locus, Sle1, corresponds to three loci independently affecting loss of tolerance to chromatin in the NZM2410 mouse. The congenic interval corresponding to Sle1c contains Cr2, which encodes complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/CR2, CD35/CD21). NZM2410/NZW Cr2 exhibits a single nucleotide polymorphism that introduces a novel glycosylation site, resulting in higher molecular weight proteins. This polymorphism, located in the C3d binding domain, reduces ligand binding and receptor-mediated cell signaling. Molecular modeling based on the recently solved CR2 structure in complex with C3d reveals that this glycosylation interferes with receptor dimerization. These data demonstrate a functionally significant phenotype for the NZM2410 Cr2 allele and strongly support its role as a lupus susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boackle
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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46
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Kvansakul M, Hopf M, Ries A, Timpl R, Hohenester E. Structural basis for the high-affinity interaction of nidogen-1 with immunoglobulin-like domain 3 of perlecan. EMBO J 2001; 20:5342-6. [PMID: 11574465 PMCID: PMC125277 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.19.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2001] [Revised: 08/14/2001] [Accepted: 08/15/2001] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nidogen and perlecan are large multifunctional basement membrane (BM) proteins conserved in all metazoa. Their high-affinity interaction, which is likely to contribute to BM assembly and function, is mediated by the central G2 domain in nidogen and the third immunoglobulin (IG)-like domain in perlecan, IG3. We have solved the crystal structure at 2.0 A resolution of the mouse nidogen-1 G2-perlecan IG3 complex. Perlecan IG3 belongs to the I-set of the IG superfamily and binds to the wall of the nidogen-1 G2 beta-barrel using beta-strands C, D and F. Nidogen-1 residues participating in the extensive interface are highly conserved, whereas the corresponding binding site on perlecan is more variable. We hypothesize that a second, as yet unidentified, activity of nidogen overlaps with perlecan binding and accounts for the unusually high degree of surface conservation in the G2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Hopf
- Biophysics Section, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK and
Abteilung Proteinchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
M.Kvansakul and M.Hopf contributed equally to this work
| | - Albert Ries
- Biophysics Section, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK and
Abteilung Proteinchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
M.Kvansakul and M.Hopf contributed equally to this work
| | - Rupert Timpl
- Biophysics Section, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK and
Abteilung Proteinchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
M.Kvansakul and M.Hopf contributed equally to this work
| | - Erhard Hohenester
- Biophysics Section, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK and
Abteilung Proteinchemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
M.Kvansakul and M.Hopf contributed equally to this work
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47
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Schubert WD, Göbel G, Diepholz M, Darji A, Kloer D, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Wehland J, Domann E, Heinz DW. Internalins from the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes combine three distinct folds into a contiguous internalin domain. J Mol Biol 2001; 312:783-94. [PMID: 11575932 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic, food-borne human and animal pathogen. Host cell invasion requires the action of the internalins A (InlA) and B (InlB), which are members of a family of listerial cell-surface proteins. Common to these proteins are three distinctive N-terminal domains that have been shown to direct host cell-specific invasion for InlA and InlB. Here, we present the high-resolution crystal structures of these domains present in InlB and InlH, and show that they constitute a single "internalin domain". In this internalin domain, a central LRR region is flanked contiguously by a truncated EF-hand-like cap and an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like fold. The extended beta-sheet, resulting from the distinctive fusion of the LRR and the Ig-like folds, constitutes an adaptable concave interaction surface, which we propose is responsible for the specific recognition of the host cellular binding partners during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Schubert
- Department of Structural Biology, German Research Center for Biotechnology, Braunschweig
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48
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Wang JH, Meijers R, Xiong Y, Liu JH, Sakihama T, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Reinherz EL. Crystal structure of the human CD4 N-terminal two-domain fragment complexed to a class II MHC molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10799-804. [PMID: 11535811 PMCID: PMC59561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.191124098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural basis of the interaction between the CD4 coreceptor and a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is described. The crystal structure of a complex containing the human CD4 N-terminal two-domain fragment and the murine I-A(k) class II MHC molecule with associated peptide (pMHCII) shows that only the "top corner" of the CD4 molecule directly contacts pMHCII. The CD4 Phe-43 side chain extends into a hydrophobic concavity formed by MHC residues from both alpha 2 and beta 2 domains. A ternary model of the CD4-pMHCII-T-cell receptor (TCR) reveals that the complex appears V-shaped with the membrane-proximal pMHCII at the apex. This configuration excludes a direct TCR-CD4 interaction and suggests how TCR and CD4 signaling is coordinated around the antigenic pMHCII complex. Human CD4 binds to HIV gp120 in a manner strikingly similar to the way in which CD4 interacts with pMHCII. Additional contacts between gp120 and CD4 give the CD4-gp120 complex a greater affinity. Thus, ligation of the viral envelope glycoprotein to CD4 occludes the pMHCII-binding site on CD4, contributing to immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wang
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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49
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Shannon JP, Silva MV, Brown DC, Larson RS. Novel cyclic peptide inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1-mediated cell aggregation. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 58:140-50. [PMID: 11532073 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte adherence mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) binding to leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) is required for proper inflammatory and immune function. Inhibition of ICAM-1\LFA-1 binding using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has been shown to be efficacious at inhibiting lymphoma metastasis as well as leukocyte emigration into tissue in a number of inflammatory diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, septic shock and rheumatoid arthritis. In this report, we describe the development and characterization of a small peptide antagonist of ICAM-1-dependent cell aggregation. By using repeated selection of a cyclic nonapeptide phage display library on purified ICAM-1, we identified phage that were competitively eluted with anti-ICAM-1 mAb. The peptide sequences were determined by nucleotide sequencing, and the peptide sequence (C*LLRMRSIC*) (IP01) that occurred most frequently was chosen for further study. Phage expressing this peptide sequence specifically bound ICAM-1 over a range of 5 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(8) phage/microL. A cyclic IP01 peptide, linear IP01 peptide, a cyclic nonapeptide with a scrambled IP01 sequence, and a random, cyclic nonapeptide were synthesized. The cyclic and linear IP01 peptides were able to inhibit ICAM-1-mediated cell aggregation at a concentration of 1 mM, whereas the random and scrambled peptide sequences did not alter aggregation. Cyclic IP01 had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of approximately 970 microM. Cyclic IP01 did not inhibit cellular aggregation that was dependent on ICAM-2 or ICAM-3. Alanine substitutions in the cyclic IP01 identified at least four amino acids necessary for inhibition of ICAM-1 dependent cell aggregation; leucine 2, leucine 3, methionine 5, and arginine 6. Finally, we showed that cyclic IP01 can inhibit firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium, a critical event in inflammatory diseases, in an assay that recapitulates physiologic flow conditions. Homology of IP01 with the primary amino acid sequences of the alpha or beta subunit of LFA-1 was not identified. Thus, we identified a unique molecule that inhibits ICAM-1 dependent cell adhesion, but is not related to the primary sequence of the ICAM-1 ligand LFA-1. Due to the small size and ability to block cell-cell adhesion, IP01 may serve as a useful tool for study of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 biology as well as for the development of small molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Shannon
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, USA
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Spring FA, Parsons SF, Ortlepp S, Olsson ML, Sessions R, Brady RL, Anstee DJ. Intercellular adhesion molecule-4 binds alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(V)-family integrins through novel integrin-binding mechanisms. Blood 2001; 98:458-66. [PMID: 11435317 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The LW blood group glycoprotein, ICAM-4, is a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family expressed in erythroid cells. To begin to address the function of this molecule, ligands for ICAM-4 on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cell lines were identified. Peptide inhibition studies suggest that adhesion of cell lines to an ICAM-4-Fc construct is mediated by an LDV-inhibitable integrin on hemopoietic cells and an RGD-inhibitable integrin on nonhemopoietic cells. Antibody inhibition studies identified the hemopoietic integrin as alpha(4)beta(1.) Antibody inhibition studies on alpha(4)beta(1)-negative, nonhemopoietic cell lines suggested that adhesion of these cells is mediated by alpha(V) integrins (notably alpha(V)beta(1) and alpha(V)beta(5)). The structure of ICAM-4 modeled on the crystal structure of ICAM-2 was used to identify surface-exposed amino acid residues for site-directed mutagenesis. Neither an unusual LETS nor an LDV motif in the first domain of ICAM-4 was critical for integrin binding. ICAM-4 is the first ICAM family member shown to be a ligand for integrins other than those of the beta(2) family, and the data suggest that ICAM-4 has a novel integrin-binding site(s). These findings suggest a role for ICAM-4 in normal erythropoiesis and may also be relevant to the adhesive interactions of sickle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Spring
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, United Kingdom.
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