1
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Roberts G, Vrajitoarea A, Saxberg B, Panetta MG, Simon J, Schuster DI. Manybody interferometry of quantum fluids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado1069. [PMID: 39028806 PMCID: PMC11259156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing strongly correlated matter is an increasingly central challenge in quantum science, where structure is often obscured by massive entanglement. It is becoming clear that in the quantum regime, state preparation and characterization should not be treated separately-entangling the two processes provides a quantum advantage in information extraction. Here, we present an approach that we term "manybody Ramsey interferometry" that combines adiabatic state preparation and Ramsey spectroscopy: Leveraging our recently developed one-to-one mapping between computational-basis states and manybody eigenstates, we prepare a superposition of manybody eigenstates controlled by the state of an ancilla qubit, allow the superposition to evolve relative phase, and then reverse the preparation protocol to disentangle the ancilla while localizing phase information back into it. Ancilla tomography then extracts information about the manybody eigenstates, the associated excitation spectrum, and thermodynamic observables. This work illustrates the potential for using quantum computers to efficiently probe quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Vrajitoarea
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Quantum Information Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Saxberg
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Simon
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David I. Schuster
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Bigagli N, Yuan W, Zhang S, Bulatovic B, Karman T, Stevenson I, Will S. Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar molecules. Nature 2024; 631:289-293. [PMID: 38831053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ensembles of particles governed by quantum mechanical laws exhibit intriguing emergent behaviour. Atomic quantum gases1,2, liquid helium3,4 and electrons in quantum materials5-7 all exhibit distinct properties because of their composition and interactions. Quantum degenerate samples of ultracold dipolar molecules promise the realization of new phases of matter and new avenues for quantum simulation8 and quantum computation9. However, rapid losses10, even when reduced through collisional shielding techniques11-13, have so far prevented evaporative cooling to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Here we report on the realization of a BEC of dipolar molecules. By strongly suppressing two- and three-body losses via enhanced collisional shielding, we evaporatively cool sodium-caesium molecules to quantum degeneracy and cross the phase transition to a BEC. The BEC reveals itself by a bimodal distribution when the phase-space density exceeds 1. BECs with a condensate fraction of 60(10)% and a temperature of 6(2) nK are created and found to be stable with a lifetime close to 2 s. This work opens the door to the exploration of dipolar quantum matter in regimes that have been inaccessible so far, promising the creation of exotic dipolar droplets14, self-organized crystal phases15 and dipolar spin liquids in optical lattices16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bigagli
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weijun Yuan
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Bulatovic
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tijs Karman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Stevenson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Will
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Sharma N, Ghonge S, Francisco A, Green D, Toole M, Ruth A, Collins L, Gomes K, Eskildsen M, Jankó B, Liu X. Quantitative Analogue Simulation of Planar Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6658-6664. [PMID: 38770882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic quantum systems provide a pathway for exploring the physics of complex quantum matter in a programmable fashion. This approach becomes particularly advantageous when it comes to systems that are thermodynamically unfavorable. By sculpting the potential landscape of Cu(111) surfaces with carbon monoxide quantum corrals in a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope, we created analogue simulators of planar organic molecules, including antiaromatic and non-Kekulé species that are generally reactive or unstable. Spectroscopic imaging of such synthetic molecules reveals close replications of molecular orbitals obtained from ab initio calculations of the organic molecules. We further illustrate the quantitative nature of such analogue simulators by faithful extraction of bond orders and global aromaticity indices, which are otherwise technically daunting using real molecules. Our approach therefore sets the stage for new research frontiers pertaining to the quantum physics and chemistry of designer nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileema Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sushrut Ghonge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony Francisco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David Green
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew Toole
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony Ruth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Laura Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kenjiro Gomes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Morten Eskildsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Boldizsár Jankó
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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4
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Xu W, Lv C, Zhou Q. Multipolar condensates and multipolar Josephson effects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4786. [PMID: 38839836 PMCID: PMC11153559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
When single-particle dynamics are suppressed in certain strongly correlated systems, dipoles arise as elementary carriers of quantum kinetics. These dipoles can further condense, providing physicists with a rich realm to study fracton phases of matter. Whereas recent theoretical discoveries have shown that an unconventional lattice model may host a dipole condensate as the ground state, we show that dipole condensates prevail in bosonic systems due to a self-proximity effect. Our findings allow experimentalists to manipulate the phase of a dipole condensate and deliver dipolar Josephson effects, where supercurrents of dipoles arise in the absence of particle flows. The self-proximity effects can also be utilized to produce a generic multipolar condensate. The kinetics of the n-th order multipoles unavoidably creates a condensate of the (n + 1)-th order multipoles, forming a hierarchy of multipolar condensates that will offer physicists a whole new class of macroscopic quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chenwei Lv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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5
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Corps ÁL, Dukelsky J, Relaño A. Constants of motion characterizing continuous symmetry-broken phases. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064102. [PMID: 39020994 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
We present a theory characterizing the phases emerging as a consequence of continuous symmetry-breaking in quantum and classical systems. In symmetry-breaking phases, dynamics is restricted due to the existence of a set of conserved charges derived from the order parameter of the phase transition. Their expectation values are determined by the privileged direction appearing in the ordered phase as a consequence of symmetry breaking, and thus they can be used to determine whether this direction is well defined or has quantum fluctuations. Our theory is numerically exemplified via the two-dimensional limit of the vibron model, a fully connected system invariant under a rotation operator which generates the continuous symmetry-breaking.
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6
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Kang M, Nuomin H, Chowdhury SN, Yuly JL, Sun K, Whitlow J, Valdiviezo J, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Beratan DN, Brown KR. Seeking a quantum advantage with trapped-ion quantum simulations of condensed-phase chemical dynamics. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:340-358. [PMID: 38641733 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Simulating the quantum dynamics of molecules in the condensed phase represents a longstanding challenge in chemistry. Trapped-ion quantum systems may serve as a platform for the analog-quantum simulation of chemical dynamics that is beyond the reach of current classical-digital simulation. To identify a 'quantum advantage' for these simulations, performance analysis of both analog-quantum simulation on noisy hardware and classical-digital algorithms is needed. In this Review, we make a comparison between a noisy analog trapped-ion simulator and a few choice classical-digital methods on simulating the dynamics of a model molecular Hamiltonian with linear vibronic coupling. We describe several simple Hamiltonians that are commonly used to model molecular systems, which can be simulated with existing or emerging trapped-ion hardware. These Hamiltonians may serve as stepping stones towards the use of trapped-ion simulators for systems beyond the reach of classical-digital methods. Finally, we identify dynamical regimes in which classical-digital simulations seem to have the weakest performance with respect to analog-quantum simulations. These regimes may provide the lowest hanging fruit to make the most of potential quantum advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kang
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Hanggai Nuomin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathon L Yuly
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ke Sun
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob Whitlow
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesús Valdiviezo
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias, Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Zhendian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Brown
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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7
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Adelhardt P, Koziol JA, Langheld A, Schmidt KP. Monte Carlo Based Techniques for Quantum Magnets with Long-Range Interactions. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:401. [PMID: 38785650 PMCID: PMC11120707 DOI: 10.3390/e26050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Long-range interactions are relevant for a large variety of quantum systems in quantum optics and condensed matter physics. In particular, the control of quantum-optical platforms promises to gain deep insights into quantum-critical properties induced by the long-range nature of interactions. From a theoretical perspective, long-range interactions are notoriously complicated to treat. Here, we give an overview of recent advancements to investigate quantum magnets with long-range interactions focusing on two techniques based on Monte Carlo integration. First, the method of perturbative continuous unitary transformations where classical Monte Carlo integration is applied within the embedding scheme of white graphs. This linked-cluster expansion allows extracting high-order series expansions of energies and observables in the thermodynamic limit. Second, stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo integration enables calculations on large finite systems. Finite-size scaling can then be used to determine the physical properties of the infinite system. In recent years, both techniques have been applied successfully to one- and two-dimensional quantum magnets involving long-range Ising, XY, and Heisenberg interactions on various bipartite and non-bipartite lattices. Here, we summarise the obtained quantum-critical properties including critical exponents for all these systems in a coherent way. Further, we review how long-range interactions are used to study quantum phase transitions above the upper critical dimension and the scaling techniques to extract these quantum critical properties from the numerical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kai P. Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.); (J.A.K.); (A.L.)
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8
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Knorr W, Brem S, Meneghini G, Malic E. Polaron-induced changes in moiré exciton propagation in twisted van der Waals heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38623653 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Twisted transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) present an intriguing platform for exploring excitons and their transport properties. By introducing a twist angle, a moiré superlattice forms, providing a spatially dependent exciton energy landscape. Based on a microscopic many-particle theory, we investigate in this work polaron-induced changes in exciton transport properties in the exemplary MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure. We demonstrate that polaron formation and the associated enhancement of the moiré exciton mass lead to a significant band flattening. As a result, the moiré inter-cell tunneling and the propagation velocity undergo noticeable temperature and twist-angle dependent changes. We predict a reduction of the hopping strength ranging from 80% at a twist angle of 1° to 30% at 3° at room temperature. The provided microscopic insights into the spatio-temporal exciton dynamics in presence of a moiré potential further expand the possibilities to tune charge and energy transport in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Knorr
- Department of Physics, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Samuel Brem
- Department of Physics, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | - Ermin Malic
- Department of Physics, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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9
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Tripathy D, Touil A, Gardas B, Deffner S. Quantum information scrambling in two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard lattices. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:043121. [PMID: 38579152 DOI: 10.1063/5.0199335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
It is a well-understood fact that the transport of excitations throughout a lattice is intimately governed by the underlying structures. Hence, it is only natural to recognize that the dispersion of information also has to depend on the lattice geometry. In the present work, we demonstrate that two-dimensional lattices described by the Bose-Hubbard model exhibit information scrambling for systems as little as two hexagons. However, we also find that the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) shows the exponential decay characteristic for quantum chaos only for a judicious choice of local observables. More generally, the OTOC is better described by Gaussian-exponential convolutions, which alludes to the close similarity of information scrambling and decoherence theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjyoti Tripathy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Akram Touil
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Bartłomiej Gardas
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Deffner
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- National Quantum Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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10
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Yu S, Liu W, Tao SJ, Li ZP, Wang YT, Zhong ZP, Patel RB, Meng Y, Yang YZ, Wang ZA, Guo NJ, Zeng XD, Chen Z, Xu L, Zhang N, Liu X, Yang M, Zhang WH, Zhou ZQ, Xu JS, Tang JS, Han YJ, Li CF, Guo GC. A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38485915 PMCID: PMC10940704 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages. Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn, various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed, and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated. It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications. However, at current technology level, this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors, for which the resource cost is also a problem. Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table, which is capable of multimode-universal programmability, resource-efficiency, phase-stability and software-scalability. In order to illustrate these merits, we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor, to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects: the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space (13 modes), and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before (26 modes). The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases. Considering current state-of-the-art, our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Si-Jing Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Raj B Patel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Mu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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11
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Gao B, Suárez-Forero DG, Sarkar S, Huang TS, Session D, Mehrabad MJ, Ni R, Xie M, Upadhyay P, Vannucci J, Mittal S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Imamoglu A, Zhou Y, Hafezi M. Excitonic Mott insulator in a Bose-Fermi-Hubbard system of moiré WS 2/WSe 2 heterobilayer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2305. [PMID: 38485728 PMCID: PMC11258127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the Hubbard model is crucial for investigating various quantum many-body states and its fermionic and bosonic versions have been largely realized separately. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides heterobilayers have emerged as a promising platform for simulating the rich physics of the Hubbard model. In this work, we explore the interplay between fermionic and bosonic populations, using a WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer device that hosts this hybrid particle density. We independently tune the fermionic and bosonic populations by electronic doping and optical injection of electron-hole pairs, respectively. This enables us to form strongly interacting excitons that are manifested in a large energy gap in the photoluminescence spectrum. The incompressibility of excitons is further corroborated by observing a suppression of exciton diffusion with increasing pump intensity, as opposed to the expected behavior of a weakly interacting gas of bosons, suggesting the formation of a bosonic Mott insulator. We explain our observations using a two-band model including phase space filling. Our system provides a controllable approach to the exploration of quantum many-body effects in the generalized Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Gao
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Supratik Sarkar
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tsung-Sheng Huang
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Deric Session
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruihao Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ming Xie
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Pranshoo Upadhyay
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Vannucci
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Atac Imamoglu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Muraev PS, Maksimov DN, Kolovsky AR. Signatures of quantum chaos and fermionization in the incoherent transport of bosonic carriers in the Bose-Hubbard chain. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L032107. [PMID: 38632802 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l032107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We analyze the stationary current of Bose particles across the Bose-Hubbard chain connected to a battery, focusing on the effect of interparticle interactions. It is shown that the current magnitude drastically decreases as the strength of interparticle interactions exceeds the critical value which marks the transition to quantum chaos in the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. We found that this transition is well reflected in the nonequilibrium many-body density matrix of the system. Namely, the level-spacing distribution for eigenvalues of the density matrix changes from Poisson to Wigner-Dyson distributions. With the further increase of the interaction strength, the Wigner-Dyson spectrum statistics change back to the Poisson statistics which now marks fermionization of the Bose particles. With respect to the stationary current, this leads to the counter-intuitive dependence of the current magnitude on the particle number.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Muraev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Centre KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - D N Maksimov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Centre KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A R Kolovsky
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Centre KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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13
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Pasqualetti G, Bettermann O, Darkwah Oppong N, Ibarra-García-Padilla E, Dasgupta S, Scalettar RT, Hazzard KRA, Bloch I, Fölling S. Equation of State and Thermometry of the 2D SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:083401. [PMID: 38457712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We characterize the equation of state (EoS) of the SU(N>2) Fermi-Hubbard Model (FHM) in a two-dimensional single-layer square optical lattice. We probe the density and the site occupation probabilities as functions of interaction strength and temperature for N=3, 4, and 6. Our measurements are used as a benchmark for state-of-the-art numerical methods including determinantal quantum Monte Carlo and numerical linked cluster expansion. By probing the density fluctuations, we compare temperatures determined in a model-independent way by fitting measurements to numerically calculated EoS results, making this a particularly interesting new step in the exploration and characterization of the SU(N) FHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pasqualetti
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - O Bettermann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - N Darkwah Oppong
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - E Ibarra-García-Padilla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - S Dasgupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
| | - R T Scalettar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K R A Hazzard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - I Bloch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S Fölling
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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14
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Zheng M, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Cao J, Chen S. Exact Solution of the Bose-Hubbard Model with Unidirectional Hopping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:086502. [PMID: 38457738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.086502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with unidirectional hopping is shown to be exactly solvable. Applying the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we prove the integrability of the model and derive the Bethe ansatz equations. The exact eigenvalue spectrum can be obtained by solving these equations. The distribution of Bethe roots reveals the presence of a superfluid-Mott insulator transition at the ground state, and the critical point is determined. By adjusting the boundary parameter, we demonstrate the existence of a non-Hermitian skin effect even in the presence of interaction, but it is completely suppressed for the Mott insulator state in the thermodynamical limit. Our result represents a new class of exactly solvable non-Hermitian many-body systems, which has no Hermitian correspondence and can be used as a benchmark for various numerical techniques developed for non-Hermitian many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junpeng Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xian 710127, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Chou YZ, Sau JD. Constrained Motions and Slow Dynamics in One-Dimensional Bosons with Double-Well Dispersion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:046001. [PMID: 38335347 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.046001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate slow dynamics and constrained motion of domain walls in one-dimensional (1D) interacting bosons with double-well dispersion. In the symmetry-broken regime, the domain-wall motion is "fractonlike"-a single domain wall cannot move freely, while two nearby domain walls can move collectively. Consequently, we find an Ohmic-like linear response and a vanishing superfluid stiffness, which are atypical for a Bose condensate in a 1D translation invariant closed quantum system. Near Lifshitz quantum critical point, we obtain superfluid stiffness ρ_{s}∼T and sound velocity v_{s}∼T^{1/2}, showing similar unconventional low-temperature slow dynamics to the symmetry-broken regime. Particularly, the superfluid stiffness suggests an order by disorder effect as ρ_{s} increases with temperature. Our results pave the way for studying fractons in ultracold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zhi Chou
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jay D Sau
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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16
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Liu H, Wang J, Chen S, Sun Z, Xu H, Han Y, Wang C, Liu H, Huang L, Luo J, Liu D. Direct Visualization of Dark Interlayer Exciton Transport in Moiré Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:339-346. [PMID: 38147355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices have emerged as an unprecedented manipulation tool for engineering correlated quantum phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures. With moiré potentials as a naturally configurable solid-state that sustains high exciton density, interlayer excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures are expected to achieve high-temperature exciton condensation. However, the exciton degeneracy state is usually optically inactive due to the finite momentum of interlayer excitons. Experimental observation of dark interlayer excitons in moiré potentials remains challenging. Here we directly visualize the dark interlayer exciton transport in WS2/h-BN/WSe2 heterostructures using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy. We observe a transition from classical free exciton gas to quantum degeneracy by imaging temperature-dependent exciton transport. Below a critical degeneracy temperature, exciton diffusion rates exhibit an accelerating downward trend, which can be explained well by a nonlinear quantum diffusion model. These results open the door to quantum information processing and high-precision metrology in moiré superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zejun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haowen Xu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yishu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huixian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Sun Y, Hu M, Deng Y, Lv JP. Extraordinary-log Universality of Critical Phenomena in Plane Defects. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:207101. [PMID: 38039462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the extraordinary-log (E-Log) criticality is a celebrated achievement in modern critical theory and calls for generalization. Using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, we study the critical phenomena of plane defects in three- and four-dimensional O(n) critical systems. In three dimensions, we provide the first numerical proof for the E-Log criticality of plane defects. In particular, for n=2, the critical exponent q[over ^] of two-point correlation and the renormalization-group parameter α of helicity modulus conform to the scaling relation q[over ^]=(n-1)/(2πα), whereas the results for n≥3 violate this scaling relation. In four dimensions, it is strikingly found that the E-Log criticality also emerges in the plane defect. These findings have numerous potential realizations and would boost the ongoing advancement of conformal field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- Department of Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Youjin Deng
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lv
- Department of Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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18
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Bera S, Yip KLS, John S. Fragility of the Schrödinger Cat in thermal environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18691. [PMID: 37907662 PMCID: PMC10618529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the decoherence instability of Schrödinger Cat states in the two-site Bose-Hubbard model with an attractive on-site interaction between particles. For N particles with onsite attractive energy U and hopping amplitude between sites t, Cat states exist for [Formula: see text] at zero temperature. However, they are increasingly unstable to small thermal fluctuations as the Cat itself is increasingly well-defined and its components become well-separated. For any given [Formula: see text], the decoherence temperature becomes smaller for large N. The loss of off-diagonal coherence peaks in the equilibrium density matrix is dominated by the thermal admixture of the first excited state of the many-body system with its ground state. Particle number fluctuations, described in the grand canonical ensemble also reduce coherence, but to a lesser degree than thermal fluctuations. The full density matrix of the Schrödinger Cat is obtained by exact numerical diagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian and a narrow regime in the parameter space of the particle number, temperature, and U/t is identified where small Cat states may survive decoherence in a physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Bera
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Kenny L S Yip
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Sajeev John
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada.
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19
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Tao J, Zhao M, Spielman IB. Observation of Anisotropic Superfluid Density in an Artificial Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:163401. [PMID: 37925735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.163401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the anisotropic speed of sound of an atomic superfluid (SF) Bose-Einstein condensate in a 1D optical lattice. Because the speed of sound derives from the SF density, this implies that the SF density is itself anisotropic. We find that the speed of sound is decreased by the optical lattice, and the SF density is concomitantly reduced. This reduction is accompanied by the appearance of a zero entropy normal fluid in the purely Bose condensed phase. The reduction in SF density-first predicted [A. J. Leggett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1543 (1970).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.25.1543] in the context of supersolidity-results from the coexistence of superfluidity and density modulations, but is agnostic about the origin of the modulations. We additionally measure the moment of inertia of the system in a scissors mode experiment, demonstrating the existence of rotational flow. As such we shed light on some supersolid properties using imposed, rather than spontaneously formed, density order.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tao
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Zhao
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I B Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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20
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McGinley M, Fava M. Shadow Tomography from Emergent State Designs in Analog Quantum Simulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:160601. [PMID: 37925705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.160601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a method that allows one to infer many properties of a quantum state-including nonlinear functions such as Rényi entropies-using only global control over the constituent degrees of freedom. In this protocol, the state of interest is first entangled with a set of ancillas under a fixed global unitary, before projective measurements are made. We show that when the unitary is sufficiently entangling, a universal relationship between the statistics of the measurement outcomes and properties of the state emerges, which can be connected to the recently discovered phenomeonon of emergent quantum state designs in chaotic systems. Thanks to this relationship, arbitrary observables can be reconstructed using the same number of experimental repetitions that would be required in classical shadow tomography [Huang et al., Nat. Phys. 16, 1050 (2020)NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/s41567-020-0932-7]. Unlike previous approaches to shadow tomography, our protocol can be implemented using only global Hamiltonian evolution, as opposed to qubit-selective logic gates, which makes it particularly well suited to analog quantum simulators, including ultracold atoms in optical lattices and arrays of Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max McGinley
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Fava
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Philippe Meyer Institute, Physics Department, École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris, France
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21
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Song J, Yan Z. Formation, propagation, and excitation of matter solitons and rogue waves in chiral BECs with a current nonlinearity trapped in external potentials. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:103132. [PMID: 37870999 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate formation and propagation of matter solitons and rogue waves (RWs) in chiral Bose-Einstein condensates modulated by different external potentials, modeled by the chiral Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation with the current nonlinearity and external potentials. On the one hand, the introduction of two potentials (Pöschl-Teller and harmonic-Gaussian potentials) enables the discovery of exact soliton solutions in both focusing and defocusing cases. We analyze the interplay effects of current nonlinearity and potential on soliton stability via associated Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. Moreover, multiple families of numerical solitons (ground-state and dipole modes) trapped in potentials are found, exhibiting distinctive structures. The interactions between solitons trapped in potentials are studied, which exhibit the inelastic trajectories and repulsive interactions. On the other hand, we introduce the time-dependent potentials such that the controlled RWs are found in both focusing and defocusing GP equations with current nonlinearity. Furthermore, through the interaction between potentials and current nonlinearity, it is possible to enlarge the region of modulational instability, leading to the generation of RWs and chiral solitons. High-order RWs are generated from several Gaussian perturbations on a continuous wave. The presence of current nonlinearity disrupts the structures of these high-order RWs, causing them to undergo a transform into chiral lower-amplitude solitons. Finally, various types of soliton excitations are investigated by varying the strengths of potential and current nonlinearity, showing the abundant dynamic transforms of chrital matter solitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- KLMM, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenya Yan
- KLMM, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Blakie PB, Capogrosso-Sansone B. Magnetic atoms push interactions to new lengths for quantum simulation. Nature 2023; 622:704-705. [PMID: 37880434 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
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23
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Sable H, Gaur D, Angom D. Fine-grained domain counting and percolation analysis in two-dimensional lattice systems with linked lists. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:045307. [PMID: 37978691 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.045307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a fine-grained approach to identify clusters and perform percolation analysis in a two-dimensional (2D) lattice system. In our approach, we develop an algorithm based on the linked-list data structure whereby the members of a cluster are nodes of a path. This path is mapped to a linked-list. This approach facilitates unique cluster labeling in a lattice with a single scan. We use the algorithm to determine the critical exponent in the quench dynamics from the Mott insulator to the superfluid phase of bosons in 2D square optical lattices. The results obtained are consistent with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. We also employ the algorithm to compute the correlation length using definitions based on percolation theory and use it to identify the quantum critical point of the Bose Glass to superfluid transition in the disordered 2D square optical lattices. In addition, we compute the critical exponent ν which quantify the divergence of the correlation length ξ across the phase transition and the fractal dimension of the hulls of the superfluid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh Sable
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Deepak Gaur
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - D Angom
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Department of Physics, Manipur University, Canchipur 795003, Manipur, India
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24
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Su L, Douglas A, Szurek M, Groth R, Ozturk SF, Krahn A, Hébert AH, Phelps GA, Ebadi S, Dickerson S, Ferlaino F, Marković O, Greiner M. Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator. Nature 2023; 622:724-729. [PMID: 37880438 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In quantum mechanical many-body systems, long-range and anisotropic interactions promote rich spatial structure and can lead to quantum frustration, giving rise to a wealth of complex, strongly correlated quantum phases1. Long-range interactions play an important role in nature; however, quantum simulations of lattice systems have largely not been able to realize such interactions. A wide range of efforts are underway to explore long-range interacting lattice systems using polar molecules2-5, Rydberg atoms2,6-8, optical cavities9-11 or magnetic atoms12-15. Here we realize novel quantum phases in a strongly correlated lattice system with long-range dipolar interactions using ultracold magnetic erbium atoms. As we tune the dipolar interaction to be the dominant energy scale in our system, we observe quantum phase transitions from a superfluid into dipolar quantum solids, which we directly detect using quantum gas microscopy with accordion lattices. Controlling the interaction anisotropy by orienting the dipoles enables us to realize a variety of stripe-ordered states. Furthermore, by transitioning non-adiabatically through the strongly correlated regime, we observe the emergence of a range of metastable stripe-ordered states. This work demonstrates that novel strongly correlated quantum phases can be realized using long-range dipolar interactions in optical lattices, opening the door to quantum simulations of a wide range of lattice models with long-range and anisotropic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Michal Szurek
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin Groth
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Furkan Ozturk
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Krahn
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne H Hébert
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ognjen Marković
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Mark DK, Choi J, Shaw AL, Endres M, Choi S. Benchmarking Quantum Simulators Using Ergodic Quantum Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:110601. [PMID: 37774308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a sample-efficient protocol to estimate the fidelity between an experimentally prepared state and an ideal target state, applicable to a wide class of analog quantum simulators without advanced spatiotemporal control. Our protocol relies on universal fluctuations emerging from generic Hamiltonian dynamics, which we discover in the present work. It does not require fine-tuned control over state preparation, quantum evolution, or readout capability, while achieving near optimal sample complexity: a percent-level precision is obtained with ∼10^{3} measurements, independent of system size. Furthermore, the accuracy of our fidelity estimation improves exponentially with increasing system size. We numerically demonstrate our protocol in a variety of quantum simulator platforms, including quantum gas microscopes, trapped ions, and Rydberg atom arrays. We discuss applications of our method for tasks such as multiparameter estimation of quantum states and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Mark
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joonhee Choi
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Adam L Shaw
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Soonwon Choi
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Shen R, Chen T, Aliyu MM, Qin F, Zhong Y, Loh H, Lee CH. Proposal for Observing Yang-Lee Criticality in Rydberg Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:080403. [PMID: 37683169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.080403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Yang-Lee edge singularities (YLES) are the edges of the partition function zeros of an interacting spin model in the space of complex control parameters. They play an important role in understanding non-Hermitian phase transitions in many-body physics, as well as characterizing the corresponding nonunitary criticality. Even though such partition function zeroes have been measured in dynamical experiments where time acts as the imaginary control field, experimentally demonstrating such YLES criticality with a physical imaginary field has remained elusive due to the difficulty of physically realizing non-Hermitian many-body models. We provide a protocol for observing the YLES by detecting kinked dynamical magnetization responses due to broken PT symmetry, thus enabling the physical probing of nonunitary phase transitions in nonequilibrium settings. In particular, scaling analyses based on our nonunitary time evolution circuit with matrix product states accurately recover the exponents uniquely associated with the corresponding nonunitary CFT. We provide an explicit proposal for observing YLES criticality in Floquet quenched Rydberg atomic arrays with laser-induced loss, which paves the way towards a universal platform for simulating non-Hermitian many-body dynamical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Shen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Tianqi Chen
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Mujahid Aliyu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fang Qin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Yin Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the MoE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huanqian Loh
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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27
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Zhang WY, He MG, Sun H, Zheng YG, Liu Y, Luo A, Wang HY, Zhu ZH, Qiu PY, Shen YC, Wang XK, Lin W, Yu ST, Li BC, Xiao B, Li MD, Yang YM, Jiang X, Dai HN, Zhou Y, Ma X, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Scalable Multipartite Entanglement Created by Spin Exchange in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:073401. [PMID: 37656862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation owing to the excellent coherence properties, the highly parallel operations over spins, and the ultralow entropy achieved in qubit arrays. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale up and detect multipartite entanglement, the basic resource for quantum computation, due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retroreflected bichromatic superlattices. In this Letter, we realize the functional building blocks in quantum-gate-based architecture by developing a cross-angle spin-dependent optical superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderately separated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation and detection. Bell states with a fidelity of 95.6(5)% and a lifetime of 2.20±0.13 s are prepared in parallel, and then connected to multipartite entangled states of one-dimensional ten-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of 2×4 atoms. The multipartite entanglement is further verified with full bipartite nonseparability criteria. This offers a new platform toward scalable quantum computation and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Gen He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Yi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Hang Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Yue Qiu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying-Chao Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Song-Tao Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin-Chen Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng-Da Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Ning Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - You Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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28
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Shui H, Lai CK, Yu Z, Tian J, Wu C, Chen X, Zhou X. Optimal lattice depth on lifetime of D-band ultracold atoms in a triangular optical lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:26599-26609. [PMID: 37710517 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are a flexible and effective platform for quantum precision measurement, and the lifetime of high-band atoms is an essential parameter for the performance of quantum sensors. In this work, we investigate the relationship between the lattice depth and the lifetime of D-band atoms in a triangular optical lattice and show that there is an optimal lattice depth for the maximum lifetime. After loading the Bose-Einstein condensate into D band of optical lattice by shortcut method, we observe the atomic distribution in quasi-momentum space for the different evolution time, and measure the atomic lifetime at D band with different lattice depths. The lifetime is maximized at an optimal lattice depth, where the overlaps between the wave function of D band and other bands (mainly S band) are minimized. Additionally, we discuss the influence of atomic temperature on lifetime. These experimental results are in agreement with our numerical simulations. This work paves the way to improve coherence properties of optical lattices, and contributes to the implications for the development of quantum precision measurement, quantum communication, and quantum computing.
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29
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Katz O, Monroe C. Programmable Quantum Simulations of Bosonic Systems with Trapped Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033604. [PMID: 37540877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Trapped atomic ion crystals are a leading platform for quantum simulations of spin systems, with programmable and long-range spin-spin interactions mediated by excitations of phonons in the crystal. We describe a complementary approach for quantum simulations of bosonic systems using phonons in trapped-ion crystals, here mediated by excitations of the trapped-ion spins. The scheme enables a high degree of programability across a dense graph of bosonic couplings, utilizing long-lived collective phonon modes in a trapped-ion chain. As such, it is well suited for tackling hard problems such as boson sampling and simulations of long-range bosonic and spin-boson Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Katz
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Christopher Monroe
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- IonQ, Inc., College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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30
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Salvia R, Mehboudi M, Perarnau-Llobet M. Critical Quantum Metrology Assisted by Real-Time Feedback Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:240803. [PMID: 37390423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.240803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate critical quantum metrology, that is, the estimation of parameters in many-body systems close to a quantum critical point, through the lens of Bayesian inference theory. We first derive a no-go result stating that any nonadaptive strategy will fail to exploit quantum critical enhancement (i.e., precision beyond the shot-noise limit) for a sufficiently large number of particles N whenever our prior knowledge is limited. We then consider different adaptive strategies that can overcome this no-go result and illustrate their performance in the estimation of (i) a magnetic field using a probe of 1D spin Ising chain and (ii) the coupling strength in a Bose-Hubbard square lattice. Our results show that adaptive strategies with real-time feedback control can achieve sub-shot-noise scaling even with few measurements and substantial prior uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Salvia
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Département de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Mehboudi
- Département de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
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31
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Khan NA, Wang P, Jan M, Xianlong G. Anomalous correlation-induced dynamical phase transitions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9470. [PMID: 37301917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonanalyticity of the Loschmidt echo at critical times in quantum quenched systems is termed as the dynamical quantum phase transition, extending the notion of quantum criticality to a nonequilibrium scenario. In this paper, we establish a new paradigm of dynamical phase transitions driven by a sudden change in the internal spatial correlations of the disorder potential in a low-dimensional disordered system. The quench dynamics between prequenched pure and postquenched random system Hamiltonian reveals an anomalous dynamical quantum phase transition triggered by an infinite disorder correlation in the modulation potential. The physical origin of the anomalous phenomenon is associated with the overlap between the two distinctly different extended states. Furthermore, we explore the quench dynamics between the prequenched random and postquenched pure system Hamiltonian. Interestingly, the quenched system undergoes dynamical quantum phase transitions for the prequench white-noise potential in the thermodynamic limit. In addition, the quench dynamics also shows a clear signature of the delocalization phase transition in the correlated Anderson model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali Khan
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Munsif Jan
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gao Xianlong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
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32
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García-Elcano I, Merino J, Bravo-Abad J, González-Tudela A. Probing and harnessing photonic Fermi arc surface states using light-matter interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8257. [PMID: 37256964 PMCID: PMC10413654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fermi arcs, i.e., surface states connecting topologically distinct Weyl points, represent a paradigmatic manifestation of the topological aspects of Weyl physics. We investigate a light-matter interface based on the photonic counterpart of these states and prove that it can lead to phenomena with no analog in other setups. First, we show how to image the Fermi arcs by studying the spontaneous decay of one or many emitters coupled to the system's border. Second, we demonstrate that, exploiting the negative refraction of these modes, the Fermi arc surface states can act as a robust quantum link, enabling, e.g., the occurrence of perfect quantum state transfer between the considered emitters or the formation of highly entangled states. In addition to their fundamental interest, our findings evidence the potential offered by the photonic Fermi arc light-matter interfaces for the design of more robust quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki García-Elcano
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Merino
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bravo-Abad
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Chauveau G, Maury C, Rabec F, Heintze C, Brochier G, Nascimbene S, Dalibard J, Beugnon J, Roccuzzo SM, Stringari S. Superfluid Fraction in an Interacting Spatially Modulated Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:226003. [PMID: 37327429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.226003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At zero temperature, a Galilean-invariant Bose fluid is expected to be fully superfluid. Here we investigate theoretically and experimentally the quenching of the superfluid density of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate due to the breaking of translational (and thus Galilean) invariance by an external 1D periodic potential. Both Leggett's bound fixed by the knowledge of the total density and the anisotropy of the sound velocity provide a consistent determination of the superfluid fraction. The use of a large-period lattice emphasizes the important role of two-body interactions on superfluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chauveau
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Maury
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F Rabec
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Heintze
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Brochier
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Nascimbene
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Dalibard
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Beugnon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S M Roccuzzo
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - S Stringari
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
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34
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Abstract
In superlattices of twisted semiconductor monolayers, tunable moiré potentials emerge, trapping excitons into periodic arrays. In particular, spatially separated interlayer excitons are subject to a deep potential landscape and they exhibit a permanent dipole providing a unique opportunity to study interacting bosonic lattices. Recent experiments have demonstrated density-dependent transport properties of moiré excitons, which could play a key role for technological applications. However, the intriguing interplay between exciton-exciton interactions and moiré trapping has not been well understood yet. In this work, we develop a microscopic theory of interacting excitons in external potentials allowing us to tackle this highly challenging problem. We find that interactions between moiré excitons lead to a delocalization at intermediate densities, and we show how this transition can be tuned via twist angle and temperature. The delocalization is accompanied by a modification of optical moiré resonances, which gradually merge into a single free exciton peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brem
- Department of Physics, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ermin Malic
- Department of Physics, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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35
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Xiong R, Nie JH, Brantly SL, Hays P, Sailus R, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Jin C. Correlated insulator of excitons in WSe 2/WS 2 moiré superlattices. Science 2023; 380:860-864. [PMID: 37167352 DOI: 10.1126/science.add5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A panoply of unconventional electronic states has been observed in moiré superlattices. Engineering similar bosonic phases remains, however, largely unexplored. We report the observation of a bosonic correlated insulator in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices composed of excitons, i.e., tightly bound electron-hole pairs. We develop a pump probe spectroscopy method that we use to observe an exciton incompressible state at exciton filling νex = 1 and charge neutrality, indicating a correlated insulator of excitons. With varying charge density, the bosonic correlated insulator continuously transitions into an electron correlated insulator at charge filling νe = 1, suggesting a mixed correlated insulating state between the two limits. Our studies establish semiconducting moiré superlattices as an intriguing platform for engineering bosonic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richen Xiong
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jacob H Nie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Samuel L Brantly
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Patrick Hays
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Renee Sailus
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Chenhao Jin
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Liang L, Wang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Q, Chen X, Hu J. Probing quantum phase transition point by tuning an external anti trap. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16743-16753. [PMID: 37157747 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of ultracold atoms in optical lattices is one of the optimal ways to observe phase transitions of the Hubbard model which is useful in a variety of condensed-matter systems. Bosonic atoms in this model experience a phase transition from superfluids to Mott insulators by tuning systematic parameters. However, in conventional setups, phase transitions take place over a large range of parameters instead of one critical point due to the background inhomogeneity caused by the Gaussian shape of optical-lattice lasers. To probe the phase transition point more precisely in our lattice system, we apply a blue-detuned laser to compensate for this local Gaussian geometry. By inspecting the change of visibility, we find a sudden jump point at one particular trap depth of optical lattices, corresponding to the first appearance of Mott insulators in inhomogeneous systems. This provides a simple method to detect the phase transition point in such inhomogeneous systems. We believe it will be a useful tool for most cold atom experiments.
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37
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Sethi G, Cuma M, Liu F. Excitonic Condensate in Flat Valence and Conduction Bands of Opposite Chirality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:186401. [PMID: 37204894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.186401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Excitonic Bose-Einstein condensation (EBEC) has drawn increasing attention recently with the emergence of 2D materials. A general criterion for EBEC, as expected in an excitonic insulator (EI) state, is to have negative exciton formation energies in a semiconductor. Here, using exact diagonalization of a multiexciton Hamiltonian modeled in a diatomic kagome lattice, we demonstrate that the negative exciton formation energies are only a prerequisite but insufficient condition for realizing an EI. By a comparative study between the cases of both conduction and valence flat bands (FBs) versus that of a parabolic conduction band, we further show that the presence and increased FB contribution to exciton formation provide an attractive avenue to stabilize the excitonic condensate, as confirmed by calculations and analyses of multiexciton energies, wave functions, and reduced density matrices. Our results warrant a similar many-exciton analysis for other known and/or new candidates of EIs and demonstrate the FBs of opposite parity as a unique platform for studying exciton physics, paving the way to material realization of spinor BEC and spin superfluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjyot Sethi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Martin Cuma
- Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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38
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Meier F, Steinhuber M, Urbina JD, Waltner D, Guhr T. Signatures of the interplay between chaos and local criticality on the dynamics of scrambling in many-body systems. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054202. [PMID: 37328963 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fast scrambling, quantified by the exponential initial growth of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs), is the ability to efficiently spread quantum correlations among the degrees of freedom of interacting systems and constitutes a characteristic signature of local unstable dynamics. As such, it may equally manifest both in systems displaying chaos or in integrable systems around criticality. Here we go beyond these extreme regimes with an exhaustive study of the interplay between local criticality and chaos right at the intricate phase-space region where the integrability-chaos transition first appears. We address systems with a well-defined classical (mean-field) limit, as coupled large spins and Bose-Hubbard chains, thus allowing for semiclassical analysis. Our aim is to investigate the dependence of the exponential growth of the OTOCs, defining the quantum Lyapunov exponent λ_{q} on quantities derived from the classical system with mixed phase space, specifically the local stability exponent of a fixed point λ_{loc} as well as the maximal Lyapunov exponent λ_{L} of the chaotic region around it. By extensive numerical simulations covering a wide range of parameters we give support to a conjectured linear dependence 2λ_{q}=aλ_{L}+bλ_{loc}, providing a simple route to characterize scrambling at the border between chaos and integrability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Meier
- University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Guhr
- University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
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39
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Colussi VE, Caleffi F, Menotti C, Recati A. Lattice Polarons across the Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:173002. [PMID: 37172254 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the physics of a mobile impurity confined in a two-dimensional lattice, moving within a Bose-Hubbard bath at zero temperature. Exploiting the quantum Gutzwiller formalism, we develop a beyond-Fröhlich model of the bath-impurity interaction to describe the properties of the polaronic quasiparticle formed by the dressing of the impurity by quantum fluctuations of the bath. We find a stable and well-defined polaron throughout the entire phase diagram of the bath, except for the very low tunneling limit of the hard-core superfluid. The polaron properties are highly sensitive to the different universality classes of the quantum phase transition between the superfluid and Mott insulating phases, providing an unambiguous probe of correlations and collective modes in a quantum critical many-body environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Colussi
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - F Caleffi
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Menotti
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - A Recati
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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40
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Bera J, Batin AQ, Ghosh S, Malomed B, Roy U. Generation of higher harmonics in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in periodically modulated potentials. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220075. [PMID: 36842989 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We consider a quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with contact and long-range dipolar interactions, under the action of the time-periodic modulation applied to the harmonic-oscillator and optical-lattice trapping potentials. The modulation results in generation of a variety of harmonics in oscillations of the condensate's width and centre-of-mass coordinate. These include multiple and combinational harmonics, represented by sharp peaks in the system's spectra. Approximate analytical results are produced by the variational method, which are verified by systematic simulations of the underlying Gross-Pitaevskii equation. This article is part of the theme issue 'New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Bera
- Department of Physics, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar 752054, Odisha, India
| | - Abdul Q Batin
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna,Patna 801106, Bihar, India
| | - Suranjana Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Boris Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna,Patna 801106, Bihar, India
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Watanabe Y, Miyake A, Gen M, Mizukami Y, Hashimoto K, Shibauchi T, Ikeda A, Tokunaga M, Kurumaji T, Tokunaga Y, Arima TH. Double dome structure of the Bose-Einstein condensation in diluted S = 3/2 quantum magnets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1260. [PMID: 36898999 PMCID: PMC10006222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in quantum magnets, where bosonic spin excitations condense into ordered ground states, is a realization of BEC in a thermodynamic limit. Although previous magnetic BEC studies have focused on magnets with small spins of S ≤ 1, larger spin systems potentially possess richer physics because of the multiple excitations on a single site level. Here, we show the evolution of the magnetic phase diagram of S = 3/2 quantum magnet Ba2CoGe2O7 when the averaged interaction J is controlled by a dilution of magnetic sites. By partial substitution of Co with nonmagnetic Zn, the magnetic order dome transforms into a double dome structure, which can be explained by three kinds of magnetic BECs with distinct excitations. Furthermore, we show the importance of the randomness effects induced by the quenched disorder: we discuss the relevance of geometrical percolation and Bose/Mott glass physics near the BEC quantum critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miyake
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masaki Gen
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yuta Mizukami
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takasada Shibauchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ikeda
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Tokunaga
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurumaji
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tokunaga
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Taka-Hisa Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan.
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42
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Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in twisted-bilayer optical lattices. Nature 2023; 615:231-236. [PMID: 36813971 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Observation of strong correlations and superconductivity in twisted-bilayer graphene1-4 has stimulated tremendous interest in fundamental and applied physics5-8. In this system, the superposition of two twisted honeycomb lattices, generating a moiré pattern, is the key to the observed flat electronic bands, slow electron velocity and large density of states9-12. Extension of the twisted-bilayer system to new configurations is highly desired, which can provide exciting prospects to investigate twistronics beyond bilayer graphene. Here we demonstrate a quantum simulation of superfluid to Mott insulator transition in twisted-bilayer square lattices based on atomic Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into spin-dependent optical lattices. The lattices are made of two sets of laser beams that independently address atoms in different spin states, which form the synthetic dimension accommodating the two layers. The interlayer coupling is highly controllable by a microwave field, which enables the occurrence of a lowest flat band and new correlated phases in the strong coupling limit. We directly observe the spatial moiré pattern and the momentum diffraction, which confirm the presence of two forms of superfluid and a modified superfluid to insulator transition in twisted-bilayer lattices. Our scheme is generic and can be applied to different lattice geometries and for both boson and fermion systems. This opens up a new direction for exploring moiré physics in ultracold atoms with highly controllable optical lattices.
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43
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Brunner E, Pausch L, Carnio EG, Dufour G, Rodríguez A, Buchleitner A. Many-Body Interference at the Onset of Chaos. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:080401. [PMID: 36898099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We unveil the signature of many-body interference across dynamical regimes of the Bose-Hubbard model. Increasing the particles' indistinguishability enhances the temporal fluctuations of few-body observables, with a dramatic amplification at the onset of quantum chaos. By resolving the exchange symmetries of partially distinguishable particles, we explain this amplification as the fingerprint of the initial state's coherences in the eigenbasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brunner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Pausch
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo G Carnio
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Dufour
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas (IUFFyM), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andreas Buchleitner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Lagoin C, Suffit S, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Dubin F. Dual-density waves with neutral and charged dipolar excitons of GaAs bilayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:170-174. [PMID: 36482205 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated quantum particles in lattice potentials are the building blocks for a wide variety of quantum insulators-for instance, Mott phases and density waves breaking lattice symmetry1-3. Such collective states are accessible to bosonic and fermionic systems2,4-10,11,12. To expand further the spectrum of accessible quantum matter phases, mixing both species is theoretically appealing because density order then competes with phase separation13-16. Here we manipulate such a Bose-Fermi mixture by confining neutral (boson-like) and charged (fermion-like) dipolar excitons in an artificial square lattice of a GaAs bilayer. At unitary lattice filling, strong inter- and intraspecies interactions stabilize insulating phases when the fraction of charged excitons is around (1/3, 1/2, 2/3). We evidence that dual Bose-Fermi density waves are then realized, with species ordered in alternating stripes. Our observations highlight that dipolar excitons allow for controlled implementations of Bose-Fermi Hubbard models extended by off-site interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lagoin
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Suffit
- Laboratoire de Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Kirk Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Loren Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - François Dubin
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur - CNRS, CRHEA, Valbonne, France.
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45
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Roy R, Chakrabarti B, Chavda ND, Lekala ML. Information theoretic measures for interacting bosons in optical lattice. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024119. [PMID: 36932481 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the different information theoretic measures, i.e., Shannon information entropy, order, disorder, complexity, and their dynamical measure for the interacting bosons in an optical lattice with both commensurate and incommensurate filling factor. We solve the many-body Schrödinger equation from first principles by multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method which calculates all the measures with high level of accuracy. We find for both relaxed state as well as quenched state the López-Ruiz-Mancini-Calbet (LMC) measure of complexity is the most efficient depictor of superfluid (SF) to Mott-insulator transition. In the quench dynamics, the distinct structure of LMC complexity can be used as a "figure of merit" to obtain the timescale of SF to Mott state entry, Mott holding time, and the Mott state to SF state entry in the successive cycles. We also find that fluctuations in the dynamics of LMC complexity measure for incommensurate filling clearly establish that superfluid to Mott-insulator transition is incomplete. We overall conclude that distinct structure in the complexity makes it more sensitive than the standard use of Shannon information entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhombik Roy
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Barnali Chakrabarti
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - N D Chavda
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001, India
| | - M L Lekala
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa
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46
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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47
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Jia F, Huang Z, Qiu L, Zhou R, Yan Y, Wang D. Expansion Dynamics of a Shell-Shaped Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:243402. [PMID: 36563247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.243402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of a shell BEC in the presence of Earth's gravity with immiscible dual-species BECs of sodium and rubidium atoms. After minimizing the displacement between the centers of mass of the two BECs with a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap, the interspecies repulsive interaction ensures the formation of a closed shell of sodium atoms with its center filled by rubidium atoms. Releasing the double BEC together from the trap, we observe explosion of the filled shell accompanied by energy transfer from the inner BEC to the shell BEC. With the inner BEC removed, we obtain a hollow shell BEC that shows self-interference as a manifestation of implosion. Our results pave an alternative way for investigating many of the intriguing physics offered by shell BECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zerong Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rongzi Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057 Shenzhen, China
| | - Dajun Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057 Shenzhen, China
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48
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Disorder-assisted assembly of strongly correlated fluids of light. Nature 2022; 612:435-441. [PMID: 36517711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guiding many-body systems to desired states is a central challenge of modern quantum science, with applications from quantum computation1,2 to many-body physics3 and quantum-enhanced metrology4. Approaches to solving this problem include step-by-step assembly5,6, reservoir engineering to irreversibly pump towards a target state7,8 and adiabatic evolution from a known initial state9,10. Here we construct low-entropy quantum fluids of light in a Bose-Hubbard circuit by combining particle-by-particle assembly and adiabatic preparation. We inject individual photons into a disordered lattice for which the eigenstates are known and localized, then adiabatically remove this disorder, enabling quantum fluctuations to melt the photons into a fluid. Using our platform11, we first benchmark this lattice melting technique by building and characterizing arbitrary single-particle-in-a-box states, then assemble multiparticle strongly correlated fluids. Intersite entanglement measurements performed through single-site tomography indicate that the particles in the fluid delocalize, whereas two-body density correlation measurements demonstrate that they also avoid one another, revealing Friedel oscillations characteristic of a Tonks-Girardeau gas12,13. This work opens new possibilities for the preparation of topological and otherwise exotic phases of synthetic matter3,14,15.
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Dong X, Wu C, Yu Z, Tian J, Wang Z, Chen X, Jin S, Zhou X. Atomic Ramsey interferometry with S- and D-band in a triangular optical lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:41437-41446. [PMID: 36366622 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ramsey interferometers have wide applications in science and engineering. Compared with the traditional interferometer based on internal states, the interferometer with external quantum states has advantages in some applications for quantum simulation and precision measurement. Here, we develop a Ramsey interferometry with Bloch states in S- and D-band of a triangular optical lattice for the first time. The key to realizing this interferometer in two-dimensionally coupled lattice is that we use the shortcut method to construct π/2 pulse. We observe clear Ramsey fringes and analyze the decoherence mechanism of fringes. Further, we design an echo π pulse between S- and D-band, which significantly improves the coherence time. This Ramsey interferometer in the dimensionally coupled lattice has potential applications in the quantum simulations of topological physics, frustrated effects, and motional qubits manipulation.
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Extended Bose–Hubbard model with dipolar excitons. Nature 2022; 609:485-489. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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