1
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Mesa D, Barbieri E, Raimondi A, Freddi S, Miloro G, Jendrisek G, Caldieri G, Quarto M, Schiano Lomoriello I, Malabarba MG, Bresci A, Manetti F, Vernuccio F, Abdo H, Scita G, Lanzetti L, Polli D, Tacchetti C, Pinton P, Bonora M, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. A tripartite organelle platform links growth factor receptor signaling to mitochondrial metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5119. [PMID: 38879572 PMCID: PMC11180189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
One open question in the biology of growth factor receptors is how a quantitative input (i.e., ligand concentration) is decoded by the cell to produce specific response(s). Here, we show that an EGFR endocytic mechanism, non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE), which is activated only at high ligand concentrations and targets receptor to degradation, requires a tripartite organelle platform involving the plasma membrane (PM), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. At these contact sites, EGFR-dependent, ER-generated Ca2+ oscillations are sensed by mitochondria, leading to increased metabolism and ATP production. Locally released ATP is required for cortical actin remodeling and EGFR-NCE vesicle fission. The same biochemical circuitry is also needed for an effector function of EGFR, i.e., collective motility. The multiorganelle signaling platform herein described mediates direct communication between EGFR signaling and mitochondrial metabolism, and is predicted to have a broad impact on cell physiology as it is activated by another growth factor receptor, HGFR/MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mesa
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gorana Jendrisek
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Quarto
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Schiano Lomoriello
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Hind Abdo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Estevam GO, Linossi EM, Macdonald CB, Espinoza CA, Michaud JM, Coyote-Maestas W, Collisson EA, Jura N, Fraser JS. Conserved regulatory motifs in the juxtamembrane domain and kinase N-lobe revealed through deep mutational scanning of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551866. [PMID: 37577651 PMCID: PMC10418267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) responsible for initiating signaling pathways involved in development and wound repair. MET activation relies on ligand binding to the extracellular receptor, which prompts dimerization, intracellular phosphorylation, and recruitment of associated signaling proteins. Mutations, which are predominantly observed clinically in the intracellular juxtamembrane and kinase domains, can disrupt typical MET regulatory mechanisms. Understanding how juxtamembrane variants, such as exon 14 skipping (METΔEx14), and rare kinase domain mutations can increase signaling, often leading to cancer, remains a challenge. Here, we perform a parallel deep mutational scan (DMS) of the MET intracellular kinase domain in two fusion protein backgrounds: wild type and METΔEx14. Our comparative approach has revealed a critical hydrophobic interaction between a juxtamembrane segment and the kinase αC-helix, pointing to potential differences in regulatory mechanisms between MET and other RTKs. Additionally, we have uncovered a β5 motif that acts as a structural pivot for the kinase domain in MET and other TAM family of kinases. We also describe a number of previously unknown activating mutations, aiding the effort to annotate driver, passenger, and drug resistance mutations in the MET kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella O. Estevam
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Edmond M. Linossi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Christian B. Macdonald
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
| | - Carla A. Espinoza
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Michaud
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
| | - Willow Coyote-Maestas
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, United States
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, United States
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, United States
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3
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Grit JL, McGee LE, Tovar EA, Essenburg CJ, Wolfrum E, Beddows I, Williams K, Sheridan RTC, Schipper JL, Adams M, Arumugam M, Vander Woude T, Gurunathan S, Field JM, Wulfkuhle J, Petricoin EF, Graveel CR, Steensma MR. p53 modulates kinase inhibitor resistance and lineage plasticity in NF1-related MPNSTs. Oncogene 2024; 43:1411-1430. [PMID: 38480916 PMCID: PMC11068581 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are chemotherapy resistant sarcomas that are a leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Although NF1-related MPNSTs derive from neural crest cell origin, they also exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity. TP53 mutations are associated with significantly decreased survival in MPNSTs, however the mechanisms underlying TP53-mediated therapy responses are unclear in the context of NF1-deficiency. We evaluated the role of two commonly altered genes, MET and TP53, in kinome reprograming and cellular differentiation in preclinical MPNST mouse models. We previously showed that MET amplification occurs early in human MPNST progression and that Trp53 loss abrogated MET-addiction resulting in MET inhibitor resistance. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of therapy resistance whereby p53 alters MET stability, localization, and downstream signaling leading to kinome reprogramming and lineage plasticity. Trp53 loss also resulted in a shift from RAS/ERK to AKT signaling and enhanced sensitivity to MEK and mTOR inhibition. In response to MET, MEK and mTOR inhibition, we observed broad and heterogeneous activation of key differentiation genes in Trp53-deficient lines suggesting Trp53 loss also impacts lineage plasticity in MPNSTs. These results demonstrate the mechanisms by which p53 loss alters MET dependency and therapy resistance in MPNSTS through kinome reprogramming and phenotypic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Grit
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lauren E McGee
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tovar
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Curt J Essenburg
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Kaitlin Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Joshua L Schipper
- Flow Cytometry Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marie Adams
- Genomics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Menusha Arumugam
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Thomas Vander Woude
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Sharavana Gurunathan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Field
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Carrie R Graveel
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Corewell Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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4
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Crepaldi T, Gallo S, Comoglio PM. The MET Oncogene: Thirty Years of Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Driving Malignancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:448. [PMID: 38675409 PMCID: PMC11054789 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and subsequent research on the MET oncogene's role in cancer onset and progression have illuminated crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms driving malignancy. The identification of MET as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor has paved the path for characterizing the MET tyrosine kinase activation mechanism and its downstream signaling cascade. Over the past thirty years, research has established the importance of HGF/MET signaling in normal cellular processes, such as cell dissociation, migration, proliferation, and cell survival. Notably, genetic alterations that lead to the continuous activation of MET, known as constitutive activation, have been identified as oncogenic drivers in various cancers. The genetic lesions affecting MET, such as exon skipping, gene amplification, and gene rearrangements, provide valuable targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the implications of MET as a resistance mechanism to targeted therapies emphasize the need for combination treatments that include MET inhibitors. The intriguing "flare effect" phenomenon, wherein MET inhibition can lead to post-treatment increases in cancer cell proliferation, underscores the dynamic nature of cancer therapeutics. In human tumors, increased protein expression often occurs without gene amplification. Various mechanisms may cause an overexpression: transcriptional upregulation induced by other oncogenes; environmental factors (such as hypoxia or radiation); or substances produced by the reactive stroma, such as inflammatory cytokines, pro-angiogenic factors, and even HGF itself. In conclusion, the journey to understanding MET's involvement in cancer onset and progression over the past three decades has not only deepened our knowledge, but has also paved the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Selective pharmacological inactivation of MET stands as a promising avenue for achieving cancer remission, particularly in cases where MET alterations are the primary drivers of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
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5
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Hu X, Li E, Zhou Y, You Q, Jiang Z. Casitas b cell lymphoma‑B (Cbl-b): A new therapeutic avenue for small-molecule immunotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117677. [PMID: 38457911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the area of cancer treatment. Although most immunotherapies now are antibodies targeting membrane checkpoint molecules, there is an increasing demand for small-molecule drugs that address intracellular pathways. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma‑b (Cbl-b) has been regarded as a promising intracellular immunotherapy target. Cbl-b regulates the downstream proteins of multiple membrane receptors and co-receptors, restricting the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Recently, Cbl-b inhibitors have been reported with promising effects on immune surveillance activation and anti-tumor efficacy. Several molecules have entered phase Ⅰ clinical trials. In this review, the biological rationale of Cbl-b as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and the latest research progress of Cbl-b are summarized, with special emphasis on the allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of Cbl-b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Erdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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6
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Balashova OA, Panoutsopoulos AA, Visina O, Selhub J, Knoepfler PS, Borodinsky LN. Noncanonical function of folate through folate receptor 1 during neural tube formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1642. [PMID: 38388461 PMCID: PMC10883926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Folate supplementation reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs), birth defects consisting in the failure of the neural tube to form and close. The mechanisms underlying NTDs and their prevention by folate remain unclear. Here we show that folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) is necessary for the formation of neural tube-like structures in human-cell derived neural organoids. FOLR1 knockdown in neural organoids and in Xenopus laevis embryos leads to NTDs that are rescued by pteroate, a folate precursor that is unable to participate in metabolism. We demonstrate that FOLR1 interacts with and opposes the function of CD2-associated protein, molecule essential for apical endocytosis and turnover of C-cadherin in neural plate cells. In addition, folates increase Ca2+ transient frequency, suggesting that folate and FOLR1 signal intracellularly to regulate neural plate folding. This study identifies a mechanism of action of folate distinct from its vitamin function during neural tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Balashova
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Alexios A Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Olesya Visina
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Tufts-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul S Knoepfler
- Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Laura N Borodinsky
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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7
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Zhou L, Yang J, Zhang K, Wang T, Jiang S, Zhang X. Rising Star in Immunotherapy: Development and Therapeutic Potential of Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Casitas B Cell Lymphoma-b (Cbl-b). J Med Chem 2024; 67:816-837. [PMID: 38181380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a vital negative regulator of TCR and BCR signaling pathways, playing a significant role in setting an appropriate threshold for the activation of T cells and controlling the tolerance of peripheral T cells via a variety of mechanisms. Overexpression of Cbl-b leads to immune hyporesponsiveness of T cells. Conversely, the deficiency of Cbl-b in T cells results in markedly increased production of IL-2, even in the lack of CD28 costimulation in vitro. And Cbl-b-/- mice spontaneously reject multifarious cancers. Therefore, Cbl-b may be associated with immune-mediated diseases, and blocking Cbl-b could be considered as a new antitumor immunotherapy strategy. In this review, the possible regulatory mechanisms and biological potential of Cbl-b for antitumor immunotherapy are summarized. Besides, the potential roles of Cbl-b in immune-mediated diseases are comprehensively discussed, with emphasis on Cbl-b immune-oncology agents in the preclinical stage and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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8
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Tarvestad-Laise K, Ceresa BP. Knockout of c-Cbl/Cbl-b slows c-Met trafficking resulting in enhanced signaling in corneal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105233. [PMID: 37690689 PMCID: PMC10622846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In many cell types, the E3 ubiquitin ligases c-Cbl and Cbl-b induce ligand-dependent ubiquitylation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-stimulated c-Met receptor and target it for lysosomal degradation. This study determines whether c-Cbl/Cbl-b are negative regulators of c-Met in the corneal epithelium (CE) and if their inhibition can augment c-Met-mediated CE homeostasis. Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells were transfected with Cas9 only (Cas9, control cells) or with Cas9 and c-Cbl/Cbl-b guide RNAs to knockout each gene singularly (-c-Cbl or -Cbl-b cells) or both genes (double KO [DKO] cells) and monitored for their responses to HGF. Cells were assessed for ligand-dependent c-Met ubiquitylation via immunoprecipitation, magnitude, and duration of c-Met receptor signaling via immunoblot and receptor trafficking by immunofluorescence. Single KO cells displayed a decrease in receptor ubiquitylation and an increase in phosphorylation compared to control. DKO cells had no detectable ubiquitylation, had delayed receptor trafficking, and a 2.3-fold increase in c-Met phosphorylation. Based on the observed changes in receptor trafficking and signaling, we examined HGF-dependent in vitro wound healing via live-cell time-lapse microscopy in control and DKO cells. HGF-treated DKO cells healed at approximately twice the rate of untreated cells. From these data, we have generated a model in which c-Cbl/Cbl-b mediate the ubiquitylation of c-Met, which targets the receptor through the endocytic pathway toward lysosomal degradation. In the absence of ubiquitylation, the stimulated receptor stays phosphorylated longer and enhances in vitro wound healing. We propose that c-Cbl and Cbl-b are promising pharmacologic targets for enhancing c-Met-mediated CE re-epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tarvestad-Laise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (KTL, BPC) and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (BPC), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian P Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (KTL, BPC) and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (BPC), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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9
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Kashiwakura JI, Kawahara S, Inagaki I, Inui K, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi F, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 negatively regulates BCR-mediated B cell activation by recruiting tyrosine-protein kinase CSK to LYN. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2433-2445. [PMID: 37669828 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Although signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) acts in certain immune responses, its role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signals remains unknown. In this study, we have revealed that BCR-mediated signals, cytokine production and antibody production were increased in STAP-2 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Phosphorylation of tyrosine-protein kinase LYN Y508 was reduced in STAP-2 KO B cells after BCR stimulation. Mechanistic analysis revealed that STAP-2 directly binds to LYN, dependently of STAP-2 Y250 phosphorylation by LYN. Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAP-2 enhanced interactions between LYN and tyrosine-protein kinase CSK, resulting in enhanced CSK-mediated LYN Y508 phosphorylation. These results suggest that STAP-2 is crucial for controlling BCR-mediated signals and antibody production by enhanced CSK-mediated feedback regulation of LYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Iori Inagaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Inui
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Balashova OA, Panoutsopoulos AA, Visina O, Selhub J, Knoepfler PS, Borodinsky LN. Non-canonical function of folate/folate receptor 1 during neural tube formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549718. [PMID: 37503108 PMCID: PMC10370062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Folate supplementation reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects, one of the most common and serious birth defects, consisting in the failure of the neural tube to form and close early in pregnancy. The mechanisms underlying neural tube defects and folate action during neural tube formation remain unclear. Here we show that folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) is necessary for the formation of neural tube-like structures in human-cell derived neural organoids. Knockdown of FOLR1 in human neural organoids as well as in the Xenopus laevis in vivo model leads to neural tube defects that are rescued by pteroate, a folate precursor that binds to FOLR1 but is unable to participate in metabolic pathways. We demonstrate that FOLR1 interacts with and opposes the function of CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), a molecule that we find is essential for apical endocytosis and the spatiotemporal turnover of the cell adherens junction component C-cadherin in neural plate cells. The counteracting action of FOLR1 on these processes is mediated by regulating CD2AP protein level via a degradation-dependent mechanism. In addition, folate and pteroate increase Ca 2+ transient frequency in the neural plate in a FOLR1-dependent manner, suggesting that folate/FOLR1 signal intracellularly to regulate neural plate folding. This study identifies a mechanism of action of folate distinct from its vitamin function during neural tube formation.
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11
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Ma XL, Nie YY, Xie SH, Zheng H, Tong Y, Wang YC, Yan TQ, Meng X, Cao JZ, Tang WG, Guo L, Lu RQ. ASAP2 interrupts c-MET-CIN85 interaction to sustain HGF/c-MET-induced malignant potentials in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:38. [PMID: 37061723 PMCID: PMC10105420 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling is a major driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but underlying mechanism is unclear. ArfGAP With SH3 Domain, Ankyrin Repeat And PH Domain 2 (ASAP2) can reportedly activate GTPases and promote receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. However, the exact role of ASAP2 in HCC, especially for c-MET activation, also remains elusive. METHODS ASAP2 expression levels in HCC tissues and cells were quantified using qRT-PCR, western blot (WB) analysis, and immunohistochemistry staining. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation rates. Flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess apoptosis rates. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to determine cell migration and invasion capacities. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker expression levels were also examined. Subcutaneous implantation and tail vein injection models were applied for in vivo growth and metastasis evaluations, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas and STRING datasets were performed to explore ASAP2 downstream signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation and Cycloheximide chasing experiments were performed to assess protein-protein interactions and protein half-life, respectively. RESULTS ASAP2 had higher expression levels in HCC tissues than in normal liver, and also predicted poor prognosis. Knocking down ASAP2 significantly impaired cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities, but promoted apoptosis in HCC cells in vitro. However, overexpression of ASAP2 achieved the opposite effects. In vivo experiments confirmed that ASAP2 could promote HCC cell growth and facilitate lung metastasis. Interestingly, ASAP2 was essential for triggering EMT. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that c-MET signaling was greatly enriched in ASAP2-high HCC cases. Additionally, c-MET signaling activity was significantly decreased following ASAP knockdown, evidenced by reduced c-MET, p-AKT, and p-ERK1/2 protein levels. Importantly, ASAP2 knockdown effectively attenuated HGF/c-MET signaling-induced malignant phenotypes. c-MET and ASAP2 expression levels were positively correlated in our cohort. Mechanistically, ASAP2 can directly bind to CIN85, thereby disrupting its interaction with c-MET, and can thus antagonize CIN85-induced c-MET internalization and lysosome-mediated degradation. Notably, knocking down CIN85 can rescue the observed inhibitory effects caused by ASAP2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of ASAP2 in sustaining c-MET signaling, which can facilitate HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Yan Nie
- Shanghai Lab. Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Su-Hong Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian-Qing Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Guo Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ren-Quan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Chicken-derived MERTK protein inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication by increasing STAT1 phosphorylation in DF-1 cells. Virus Res 2023; 326:199065. [PMID: 36754292 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) are transmembrane proteins associated with the regulation of the innate immune response. In this study, the role of the chicken-derived MERTK protein (chMertk) in the regulation of the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and its antiviral effect were investigated in vitro. Newcastle disease (ND) caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is able to widely spread in chickens and give rise to massive losses in the poultry industry around the world. We found that the overexpression of the exogenous chMertk upregulated the STAT1 phosphorylation and the expression of IFN-stimulated gene IFITM3 and significantly reduced the NDV titer (p < 0.05). A mutation assay showed that three tyrosine residues (Y739, Y743, and Y744) in chMertk promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and inhibited NDV replication. However, the chicken-derived E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL significantly negatively regulated chMertk expression, thus attenuating STAT1 phosphorylation. chMertk function was restored by the ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor MG132, demonstrating that chMertk was controlled by Casitas B-lineage proto-oncogene (CBL) ubiquitination and degradation. Together, these results suggested that chMertk participated in regulating the immune responses to NDV infection, and that CBL significantly downregulated the expression of chMertk through its ubiquitination and degradation, to maintain cellular homeostasis. Overall, our study provided new insights into the role of chMertk in regulating the innate immune response and its anti-NDV activity.
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13
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Sachkova AA, Andreeva DV, Tikhomirov AS, Scherbakov AM, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Bogdanov FB, Rysina YD, Shchekotikhin AE, Shchegravina ES, Fedorov AY. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Investigation of Cabozantinib-Based PROTACs to Target c-Met Kinase. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122829. [PMID: 36559322 PMCID: PMC9781691 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This investigation aimed at developing a series of c-Met-targeting cabozantinib-based PROTACs. (2) Methods: Purification of intermediate and target compounds was performed using column chromatography, in vitro antiproliferation activity was measured using a standard MTT assay and a c-Met degradation assay was performed via the immunoblotting technique. (3) Results: Several compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity towards different cell lines of breast cancer (T47D, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, HCC1954 and MCF7) at the same level as parent cabozantinib and 7-demethyl cabozantinib. Two target conjugates, bearing a VHL-ligand as an E3-ligase binding moiety and glycol-based linkers, exhibited the effective inhibition of c-Met phosphorylation and an ability to decrease the level of c-Met in HCC1954 cells at micromolar concentrations. (4) Conclusions: Two compounds exhibit c-Met inhibition activity in the nanomolar range and can be considered as PROTAC molecules due to their ability to decrease the total level of c-Met in HCC1954 cells. The structures of the offered compounds can be used as starting points for further evaluation of cabozantinib-based PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Sachkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria V. Andreeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor B. Bogdanov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D. Rysina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina S. Shchegravina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.); Tel.: +7-906-359-74-49 (E.S.S.)
| | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.); Tel.: +7-906-359-74-49 (E.S.S.)
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14
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Pathmanathan S, Yao Z, Coelho P, Valla R, Drecun L, Benz C, Snider J, Saraon P, Grozavu I, Kotlyar M, Jurisica I, Park M, Stagljar I. B cell linker protein (BLNK) is a regulator of Met receptor signaling and trafficking in non-small cell lung cancer. iScience 2022; 25:105419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Since its initial identification in 1992 as a possible class 1 cell-surface receptor without a known parent ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) has stimulated research, which has made apparent its significance in embryonic development and cancer. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was the first malignancy found to have distinctive expression of ROR1, which can help distinguish leukemia cells from most noncancer cells. Aside from its potential utility as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy, ROR1 also factors in the pathophysiology of CLL. This review is a report of the studies that have elucidated the expression, biology, and evolving strategies for targeting ROR1 that hold promise for improving the therapy of patients with CLL or other ROR1-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kipps
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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16
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Glykofridis IE, Henneman AA, Balk JA, Goeij-de Haas R, Westland D, Piersma SR, Knol JC, Pham TV, Boekhout M, Zwartkruis FJT, Wolthuis RMF, Jimenez CR. Phosphoproteomic analysis of FLCN inactivation highlights differential kinase pathways and regulatory TFEB phosphoserines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100263. [PMID: 35863698 PMCID: PMC9421328 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, germline mutations in the Folliculin (FLCN) gene lead to an increased risk of renal cancer. To address how FLCN affects cellular kinase signaling pathways, we analyzed comprehensive phosphoproteomic profiles of FLCNPOS and FLCNNEG human renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC/TERT1). In total, 15744 phosphorylated peptides were identified from 4329 phosphorylated proteins. INKA analysis revealed that FLCN loss alters the activity of numerous kinases, including tyrosine kinases EGFR, MET and the Ephrin receptor subfamily (EPHA2 and EPHB1), as well their downstream targets MAPK1/3. Validation experiments in the BHD renal tumor cell line UOK257 confirmed that FLCN loss contributes to enhanced MAPK1/3 and downstream RPS6K1/3 signaling. The clinically available MAPK inhibitor Ulixertinib showed enhanced toxicity in FLCNNEG cells. Interestingly, FLCN inactivation induced the phosphorylation of PIK3CD (Tyr524) without altering the phosphorylation of canonical Akt1/Akt2/mTOR/EIF4EBP1 phosphosites. Also, we identified that FLCN inactivation resulted in dephosphorylation of TFEB Ser109, Ser114 and Ser122, which may be caused by fact that FLCNNEG cells experience oxidative stress. Together, our study highlights differential phosphorylation of specific kinases and substrates in FLCNNEG renal cells. This provides insight into BHD-associated renal tumorigenesis and may point to several novel candidates for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Glykofridis
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex A Henneman
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper A Balk
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Goeij-de Haas
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Westland
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Boekhout
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fried J T Zwartkruis
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M F Wolthuis
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Samaja M, Maltese PE, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Dautaj A, Medori MC, Bertelli M. Low Efficacy of Genetic Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Lymphedema Prompts Novel Insights into the Underlying Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137414. [PMID: 35806420 PMCID: PMC9267137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by ineffective fluid uptake by the lymphatic system, with effects mainly on the lower limbs. Lymphedema is either primary, when caused by genetic mutations, or secondary, when it follows injury, infection, or surgery. In this study, we aim to assess to what extent the current genetic tests detect genetic variants of lymphedema, and to identify the major molecular pathways that underlie this rather unknown disease. We recruited 147 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of primary lymphedema and used established genetic tests on their blood or saliva specimens. Only 11 of these were positive, while other probands were either negative (63) or inconclusive (73). The low efficacy of such tests calls for greater insight into the underlying mechanisms to increase accuracy. For this purpose, we built a molecular pathways diagram based on a literature analysis (OMIM, Kegg, PubMed, Scopus) of candidate and diagnostic genes. The PI3K/AKT and the RAS/MAPK pathways emerged as primary candidates responsible for lymphedema diagnosis, while the Rho/ROCK pathway appeared less critical. The results of this study suggest the most important pathways involved in the pathogenesis of lymphedema, and outline the most promising diagnostic and candidate genes to diagnose this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0365-62-061
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | | | - Sandro Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, 00047 Marino, Italy;
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Astrit Dautaj
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Medori
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Group, 25010 San Felice del Benaco, Italy;
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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18
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McShane AN, Malinova D. The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892169. [PMID: 35572544 PMCID: PMC9097226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens induce B cell activation through the B cell receptor (BCR) which initiates downstream signaling and undergoes endocytosis. While extensive research has shed light on the signaling pathways in health and disease, the endocytic mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. Given the importance of BCR-antigen internalization for antigen presentation in initiating adaptive immune responses and its role in autoimmunity and malignancy, understanding the molecular mechanisms represents critical, and largely untapped, potential therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of BCR endocytic mechanisms and the role of the actin cytoskeleton and post-translational modifications in regulating BCR uptake. We discuss dysregulated BCR endocytosis in the context of B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we pose several outstanding mechanistic questions which will critically advance our understanding of the coordination between BCR endocytosis and B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nathan McShane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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19
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Dave Z, Vondálová Blanářová O, Čada Š, Janovská P, Zezula N, Běhal M, Hanáková K, Ganji SR, Krejci P, Gömöryová K, Peschelová H, Šmída M, Zdráhal Z, Pavlová Š, Kotašková J, Pospíšilová Š, Bryja V. Lyn Phosphorylates and Controls ROR1 Surface Dynamics During Chemotaxis of CLL Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:838871. [PMID: 35295854 PMCID: PMC8918536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.838871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are malignancies characterized by the dependence on B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and by the high expression of ROR1, the cell surface receptor for Wnt-5a. Both, BCR and ROR1 are therapeutic targets in these diseases and the understanding of their mutual cross talk is thus of direct therapeutic relevance. In this study we analyzed the role of Lyn, a kinase from the Src family participating in BCR signaling, as a mediator of the BCR-ROR1 crosstalk. We confirm the functional interaction between Lyn and ROR1 and demonstrate that Lyn kinase efficiently phosphorylates ROR1 in its kinase domain and aids the recruitment of the E3 ligase c-CBL. We show that ROR1 surface dynamics in migrating primary CLL cells as well as chemotactic properties of CLL cells were inhibited by Lyn inhibitor dasatinib. Our data establish Lyn-mediated phosphorylation of ROR1 as a point of crosstalk between BCR and ROR1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zankruti Dave
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Janovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikodém Zezula
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Běhal
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hanáková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sri Ranjani Ganji
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Peschelová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šmída
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pavlová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kotašková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Vítězslav Bryja,
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20
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Wang F, Liu Y, Qiu W, Shum E, Feng M, Zhao D, Zheng D, Borczuk A, Cheng H, Halmos B. Functional analysis of MET exon 14 skipping alteration in cancer invasion and metastatic dissemination. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1365-1379. [PMID: 35078819 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MET exon 14 skipping alteration (MET∆14Ex) is an actionable oncogenic driver that occurs in 2-4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. The precise role of MET∆14Ex in tumor progression of NSCLC is poorly understood. Using multiple isogenic MET∆14Ex cell models established with CRISPR editing, we demonstrate that MET∆14Ex expression increases receptor kinase activity and downstream signaling by impairing receptor internalization and endocytic degradation, significantly boosting cell scatter, migration, and invasion capacity in vitro as well as metastasis in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that MET∆14Ex preferentially activates biological processes associated with cell movement, providing novel insights into its unique molecular mechanism of action. Activation of PI3K/Akt/Rac1 signaling and upregulation of multiple matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) by MET∆14Ex induced cytoskeleton remodeling and extracellular matrix disassembly, which are critical functional pathways that facilitate cell invasion and metastasis. Therapeutically, MET inhibitors dramatically repressed MET∆14Ex-mediated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, indicating potential therapeutic options for MET∆14Ex-altered NSCLC patients. These mechanistic insights into MET∆14Ex-mediated invasion and metastasis provide a deeper understanding of the role of MET∆14Ex in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Wanglong Qiu
- Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Elaine Shum
- Medicine/Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Institute at NYU Langone Health
| | - Monica Feng
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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21
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The Emerging Role of c-Met in Carcinogenesis and Clinical Implications as a Possible Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5179182. [PMID: 35069735 PMCID: PMC8776431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5179182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The binding of HGF to c-MET regulates several cellular functions: differentiation, proliferation, epithelial cell motility, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, it is known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Comprehension of HGF-c-MET signaling pathway might have important clinical consequences allowing to predict prognosis, response to treatment, and survival rates based on its expression and dysregulation. Discussion. c-MET represents a useful molecular target for novel engineered drugs. Several clinical trials are underway for various solid tumors and the development of new specific monoclonal antibodies depends on the recent knowledge about the definite c-MET role in each different malignance. Recent clinical trials based on c-MET molecular targets result in good safety profile and represent a promising therapeutic strategy for solid cancers, in monotherapy or in combination with other target drugs. Conclusion The list of cell surface receptors crosslinking with the c-MET signaling is constantly growing, highlighting the importance of this pathway for personalized target therapy. Research on the combination of c-MET inhibitors with other drugs will hopefully lead to discovery of new effective treatment options.
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22
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Tang R, Langdon WY, Zhang J. Negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases by ubiquitination: Key roles of the Cbl family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:971162. [PMID: 35966060 PMCID: PMC9365936 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) serve as transmembrane receptors that participate in a broad spectrum of cellular processes including cellular growth, motility, differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism. Hence, elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of RTKs involved in an assortment of diseases such as cancers attracts increasing interest from researchers. Members of the Cbl family ubiquitin ligases (c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c in mammals) have emerged as negative regulators of activated RTKs. Upon activation of RTKs by growth factors, Cbl binds to RTKs via its tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) domain and targets them for ubiquitination, thus facilitating their degradation and negative regulation of RTK signaling. RTKs such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) undergo ubiquitination upon interaction with Cbl family members. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the negative regulation of RTKs by Cbl family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wallace Y. Langdon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhang,
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23
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Garcia-Robledo JE, Rosell R, Ruíz-Patiño A, Sotelo C, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón L, Ordoñez C, Jaller E, Rojas L, Russo A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rolfo C, Cardona AF. KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the 'drivers' block. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666211066064. [PMID: 35098800 PMCID: PMC8808025 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211066064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor's molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations. We also discuss the status of molecular testing practices for these two key oncogenic drivers, considering the progressive introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing in regular clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
- Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Department of Clinical Oncology, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Grundy M, Narendran A. The hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal epithelial transition factor axis in high-risk pediatric solid tumors and the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapeutic agents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:910268. [PMID: 36034555 PMCID: PMC9399617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials completed in the last two decades have contributed significantly to the improved overall survival of children with cancer. In spite of these advancements, disease relapse still remains a significant cause of death in this patient population. Often, increasing the intensity of current protocols is not feasible because of cumulative toxicity and development of drug resistance. Therefore, the identification and clinical validation of novel targets in high-risk and refractory childhood malignancies are essential to develop effective new generation treatment protocols. A number of recent studies have shown that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) influence the growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and HGF have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapeutics and recent years have seen a race to synthesize molecules to block their expression and function. In this review we aim to summarize the literature that explores the potential and biological rationale for targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in common and high-risk pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss selected recent and ongoing clinical trials with these agents in relapsed pediatric tumors that may provide applicable future treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grundy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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25
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Liu J, Yang L, He A, Ke M, Fu C, Gao W, Xu R, Tian R. Stable and EGF-Induced Temporal Interactome Profiling of CBL and CBLB Highlights Their Signaling Complex Diversity. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3709-3719. [PMID: 34134489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal modulates cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Aberrant activation of EGFR constitutes the major cause of various cancers. Receptor ubiquitination and degradation mediated by CBL proteins play negative regulatory roles and control the intensity and duration of the signaling. With the construction of stable cell lines inducibly expressing FLAG-tagged CBL or CBLB, we identified 102 and 82 stable interacting proteins of CBL and CBLB, respectively, through the affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approach. Time-resolved profiling at six different time points combined with functional annotations of the temporal interactomes provides insights into the dynamic assembly of signal proteins upon EGFR signaling activation. Comparison between the interactomes of CBL and CBLB indicates their redundant but also complementary functions. Importantly, we validated the stable association of EPS15L1 and ITSN2 and temporal association of TNK2 to both CBL and CBLB through biochemical assays. Collectively, these results offer a useful resource for CBL and CBLB interactomes and highlight their prominent and diverse roles in the EGFR signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - An He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mi Ke
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changying Fu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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26
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State of the structure address on MET receptor activation by HGF. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:645-661. [PMID: 33860789 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and its cognate ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) comprise a signaling axis essential for development, wound healing and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant HGF/MET signaling is a driver of many cancers and contributes to drug resistance to several approved therapeutics targeting other RTKs, making MET itself an important drug target. In RTKs, homeostatic receptor signaling is dependent on autoinhibition in the absence of ligand binding and orchestrated set of conformational changes induced by ligand-mediated receptor dimerization that result in activation of the intracellular kinase domains. A fundamental understanding of these mechanisms in the MET receptor remains incomplete, despite decades of research. This is due in part to the complex structure of the HGF ligand, which remains unknown in its full-length form, and a lack of high-resolution structures of the complete MET extracellular portion in an apo or ligand-bound state. A current view of HGF-dependent MET activation has evolved from biochemical and structural studies of HGF and MET fragments and here we review what these findings have thus far revealed.
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27
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Proteomic investigation of Cbl and Cbl-b in neuroblastoma cell differentiation highlights roles for SHP-2 and CDK16. iScience 2021; 24:102321. [PMID: 33889818 PMCID: PMC8050387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a highly heterogeneous embryonal solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. As some tumors can be treated to undergo differentiation, investigating this process can guide differentiation-based therapies of neuroblastoma. Here, we studied the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b in regulation of long-term signaling responses associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth, a morphological marker of neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we analyzed how the neuroblastoma cell line proteome, phosphoproteome, and ubiquitylome were affected by Cbl and Cbl-b depletion. To quantitatively assess neurite outgrowth, we developed a high-throughput microscopy assay that was applied in combination with inhibitor studies to pinpoint signaling underlying neurite outgrowth and to functionally validate proteins identified in the MS data sets. Using this combined approach, we identified a role for SHP-2 and CDK16 in Cbl/Cbl-b-dependent regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth, highlighting their involvement in neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Multi-layered proteomics captures cellular changes induced by Cbl/Cbl-b depletion SHP-2 and CDK16 protein and phosphorylation levels increase upon Cbl/Cbl-b depletion SHP-2 and CDK16 regulate phospho-ERK and neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells Inhibition of SHP-2 or CDK16 reverts Cbl/Cbl-b knockdown effects on differentiation
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28
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Santarpia M, Massafra M, Gebbia V, D’Aquino A, Garipoli C, Altavilla G, Rosell R. A narrative review of MET inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1536-1556. [PMID: 33889528 PMCID: PMC8044480 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has radically improved in the last years due to development and clinical approval of highly effective agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and oncogene-directed therapies. Molecular profiling of lung cancer samples for activated oncogenes, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and BRAF, is routinely performed to select the most appropriate up-front treatment. However, the identification of new therapeutic targets remains a high priority. Recently, MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as novel actionable oncogenic alterations in NSCLC, sensitive to MET inhibition. In this review we discuss: (I) MET gene and MET receptor structure and signaling pathway; (II) MET exon 14 alterations; (III) current data on MET inhibitors, mainly focusing on selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), in the treatment of NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. We identified the references for this review through a literature search of papers about MET, MET exon 14 skipping mutations, and MET inhibitors, published up to September 2020, by using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. We also searched on websites of main international cancer congresses (ASCO, ESMO, IASLC) for ongoing studies presented as abstracts. MET exon 14 skipping mutations have been associated with clinical activity of selective MET inhibitors, including capmatinib, that has recently received approval by FDA for clinical use in this subgroup of NSCLC patients. A large number of trials are testing MET inhibitors, also in combinatorial therapeutic strategies, in MET exon 14-altered NSCLC. Results from these trials are eagerly awaited to definitively establish the role and setting for use of these agents in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Massafra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gebbia
- Medical Oncology and Supportive Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy;,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Aquino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Garipoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Patology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain;,Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain;,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Ahmed SF, Buetow L, Gabrielsen M, Lilla S, Sibbet GJ, Sumpton D, Zanivan S, Hedley A, Clark W, Huang DT. E3 ligase-inactivation rewires CBL interactome to elicit oncogenesis by hijacking RTK-CBL-CIN85 axis. Oncogene 2021; 40:2149-2164. [PMID: 33627783 PMCID: PMC7994203 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) is a ubiquitin ligase (E3) that becomes activated upon Tyr371-phosphorylation and targets receptor protein tyrosine kinases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Deregulation of CBL and its E3 activity is observed in myeloproliferative neoplasms and other cancers, including breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Here, we explore the oncogenic mechanism of E3-inactive CBL mutants identified in myeloproliferative neoplasms. We show that these mutants bind strongly to CIN85 under normal growth conditions and alter the CBL interactome. Lack of E3 activity deregulates CIN85 endosomal trafficking, leading to an altered transcriptome that amplifies signaling events to promote oncogenesis. Disruption of CBL mutant interactions with EGFR or CIN85 reduces oncogenic transformation. Given the importance of the CBL-CIN85 interaction in breast cancers, we examined the expression levels of CIN85, CBL, and the status of Tyr371-phosphorylated CBL (pCBL) in human breast cancer tissue microarrays. Interestingly, pCBL shows an inverse correlation with both CIN85 and CBL, suggesting that high expression of inactivated CBL could coordinate with CIN85 for breast cancer progression. Inhibition of the CBL-CIN85 interaction with a proline-rich peptide of CBL that binds CIN85 reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Together, these results provide a rationale for exploring the potential of targeting the EGFR-CBL-CIN85 axis in CBL-inactivated mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Feroj Ahmed
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lori Buetow
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mads Gabrielsen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gary J Sibbet
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danny T Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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30
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Fokin AI, David V, Oguievetskaia K, Derivery E, Stone CE, Cao L, Rocques N, Molinie N, Henriot V, Aumont-Nicaise M, Hinckelmann MV, Saudou F, Le Clainche C, Carter AP, Romet-Lemonne G, Gautreau AM. The Arp1/11 minifilament of dynactin primes the endosomal Arp2/3 complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd5956. [PMID: 33523880 PMCID: PMC7806238 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic actin networks develop from a first actin filament through branching by the Arp2/3 complex. At the surface of endosomes, the WASH complex activates the Arp2/3 complex and interacts with the capping protein for unclear reasons. Here, we show that the WASH complex interacts with dynactin and uncaps it through its FAM21 subunit. In vitro, the uncapped Arp1/11 minifilament elongates an actin filament, which then primes the WASH-induced Arp2/3 branching reaction. In dynactin-depleted cells or in cells where the WASH complex is reconstituted with a FAM21 mutant that cannot uncap dynactin, formation of branched actin at the endosomal surface is impaired. Our results reveal the importance of the WASH complex in coordinating two complexes containing actin-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem I Fokin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Violaine David
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ksenia Oguievetskaia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Luyan Cao
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rocques
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas Molinie
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Véronique Henriot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Magali Aumont-Nicaise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Alexis M Gautreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France.
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
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31
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Baschieri F, Le Devedec D, Tettarasar S, Elkhatib N, Montagnac G. Frustration of endocytosis potentiates compression-induced receptor signaling. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239681. [PMID: 32788230 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells experience mechanical stresses in different physiological and pathological settings. Clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) are sensitive to such perturbations in a way that often results in a mechanical impairment of endocytic budding. Compressive stress is a mechanical perturbation that leads to increased membrane tension and promotes proliferative signals. Here, we report that compression leads to frustration of CCSs and that CCSs are required to potentiate receptor-mediated signaling in these conditions. We show that cell compression stalled CCS dynamics and slowed down the dynamic exchange of CCS components. As previously reported, compression-induced paracrine activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the primary cause of ERK (ERK1 and ERK2, also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) activation in these conditions. We observed that EGFR was efficiently recruited at CCSs upon compression and that CCSs were required for full ERK activation. In addition, we demonstrated that compression-induced frustrated CCSs could also increase ligand-dependent signaling of other receptors. We thus propose that CCS frustration resulting from mechanical perturbations can potentiate signaling through different receptors, with potential important consequences for the adaptation of the cell to its environment.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Dahiana Le Devedec
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Samuel Tettarasar
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Elkhatib
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Recondo G, Che J, Jänne PA, Awad MM. Targeting MET Dysregulation in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:922-934. [PMID: 32532746 PMCID: PMC7781009 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant MET signaling can drive tumorigenesis in several cancer types through a variety of molecular mechanisms including MET gene amplification, mutation, rearrangement, and overexpression. Improvements in biomarker discovery and testing have more recently enabled the selection of patients with MET-dependent cancers for treatment with potent, specific, and novel MET-targeting therapies. We review the known oncologic processes that activate MET, discuss therapeutic strategies for MET-dependent malignancies, and highlight emerging challenges in acquired drug resistance in these cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: Increasing evidence supports the use of MET-targeting therapies in biomarker-selected cancers that harbor molecular alterations in MET. Diverse mechanisms of resistance to MET inhibitors will require the development of novel strategies to delay and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Recondo
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark M Awad
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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33
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Casamento A, Boucrot E. Molecular mechanism of Fast Endophilin-Mediated Endocytosis. Biochem J 2020; 477:2327-2345. [PMID: 32589750 PMCID: PMC7319585 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of micronutrients and cell surface proteins. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the housekeeping pathway in resting cells but additional Clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) routes, including Fast Endophilin-Mediated Endocytosis (FEME), internalize specific cargoes and support diverse cellular functions. FEME is part of the Dynamin-dependent subgroup of CIE pathways. Here, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of FEME. Key steps are: (i) priming, (ii) cargo selection, (iii) membrane curvature and carrier formation, (iv) membrane scission and (v) cytosolic transport. All steps are controlled by regulatory mechanisms mediated by phosphoinositides and by kinases such as Src, LRRK2, Cdk5 and GSK3β. A key feature of FEME is that it is not constitutively active but triggered upon the stimulation of selected cell surface receptors by their ligands. In resting cells, there is a priming cycle that concentrates Endophilin into clusters on discrete locations of the plasma membrane. In the absence of receptor activation, the patches quickly abort and new cycles are initiated nearby, constantly priming the plasma membrane for FEME. Upon activation, receptors are swiftly sorted into pre-existing Endophilin clusters, which then bud to form FEME carriers within 10 s. We summarize the hallmarks of FEME and the techniques and assays required to identify it. Next, we review similarities and differences with other CIE pathways and proposed cargoes that may use FEME to enter cells. Finally, we submit pending questions and future milestones and discuss the exciting perspectives that targeting FEME may boost treatments against cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Casamento
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K
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34
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Malik R, Mambetsariev I, Fricke J, Chawla N, Nam A, Pharaon R, Salgia R. MET receptor in oncology: From biomarker to therapeutic target. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:259-301. [PMID: 32593403 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
First discovered in the 1984, the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor or HGF (also known as scatter factor or SF) are implicated as key players in tumor cell migration, proliferation, and invasion in a variety of cancers. This pathway also plays a key role during embryogenesis in the development of muscular and nervous structures. High expression of the MET receptor has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. MET exon 14 splicing variants, initially identified by us in lung cancer, is actionable through various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For this reason, this pathway is of interest as a therapeutic target. In this chapter we will be discussing the history of MET, the genetics of this RTK, and give some background on the receptor biology. Furthermore, we will discuss directed therapeutics, mechanisms of resistance, and the future of MET as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeva Malik
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Neal Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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35
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The c-MET oncoprotein: Function, mechanisms of degradation and its targeting by novel anti-cancer agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129650. [PMID: 32522525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-MET oncoprotein drives cancer progression in a variety of tumors through its signaling transduction pathways. This oncoprotein is also degraded by multiple mechanisms involving the lysosome, proteasome and cleavage by proteases. Targeting c-MET degradation pathways may result in effective therapeutic strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of oncogenic functions of c-MET, there has been a great deal of effort to develop anti-cancer drugs targeting this oncoprotein. Unexpectedly, novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity, down-regulate c-MET through their ability to bind intracellular iron and via mechanisms including, down-regulation of MET mRNA, enhanced lysosomal processing and increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The c-MET oncoprotein regulation and degradation pathways are complex. However, with increasing understanding of its degradation mechanisms, there is also greater opportunities to therapeutically target these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of degradation of c-MET protein and its regulation could lead to novel therapeutics.
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36
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Walpole GFW, Grinstein S. Endocytosis and the internalization of pathogenic organisms: focus on phosphoinositides. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32494357 PMCID: PMC7233180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22393.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their comparatively low abundance in biological membranes, phosphoinositides are key to the regulation of a diverse array of signaling pathways and direct membrane traffic. The role of phosphoinositides in the initiation and progression of endocytic pathways has been studied in considerable depth. Recent advances have revealed that distinct phosphoinositide species feature prominently in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis as well as in phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Moreover, a variety of intracellular and cell-associated pathogens have developed strategies to commandeer host cell phosphoinositide metabolism to gain entry and/or metabolic advantage, thereby promoting their survival and proliferation. Here, we briefly survey the current knowledge on the involvement of phosphoinositides in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis and highlight several examples of molecular mimicry employed by pathogens to either “hitch a ride” on endocytic pathways endogenous to the host or create an entry path of their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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37
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Sivakumar M, Jayakumar M, Seedevi P, Sivasankar P, Ravikumar M, Surendar S, Murugan T, Siddiqui SS, Loganathan S. Meta-analysis of functional expression and mutational analysis of c-Met in various cancers. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100515. [PMID: 31806240 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive genomic profiling is expected to revolutionize cancer therapy. c-Met signaling is responsible for tumorigenesis in various cancers. In this prospective, we present the prevalence of c-Met mutations and copy number alterations across various solid tumors. We used major databases like cBioportal, PubMed, and COSMIC for c-Met mutation and amplification data collection from various cancers. Our result shows complete details about c-Met mutation and its clinical data of various cancers. Hotspot mutation of human c-Met protein reveals that repeatedly and most mutated regions and these hotspots may be a diagnostic tool for cancer confirmation. Amino acid and nucleotide changes and their prevalence were reported in a number of individual cancers. However, we collectively present the amino acid and nucleotide changes in various cancers in this review. Our collection of data for c-Met mutation and its distribution in different cancer tissue is showing that the missense mutation is the major one in all type of cancers. Copy number variation data showing amplification and deletion of human c-Met from various tumor types, lung and central nervous system tumors showing high amplification comparatively other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sivakumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Jayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muthu Ravikumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Tamilselvi Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid S Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Loganathan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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38
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Natarajan P, Jaiswal S, Kathiresan S. Clonal Hematopoiesis: Somatic Mutations in Blood Cells and Atherosclerosis. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001926. [PMID: 29987111 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The most important prognostic factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is age, independent of all other recognized risk factors. Recently, exome sequence analyses showed that somatic mutations in blood cells, a process termed clonal hematopoiesis, are common and increase in prevalence with age, with at least 1 in 10 adults older than 70 years affected. Carriers of clonal hematopoiesis have been shown to be not only at heightened risk for hematologic malignancy but also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the prior literature of clonal selection and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and the evidence supporting its causal association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.N., S.K.). .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (P.N., S.K.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.N., S.K.)
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.N., S.K.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (P.N., S.K.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.N., S.K.)
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39
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Bewersdorf JP, Ardasheva A, Podoltsev NA, Singh A, Biancon G, Halene S, Zeidan AM. From clonal hematopoiesis to myeloid leukemia and what happens in between: Will improved understanding lead to new therapeutic and preventive opportunities? Blood Rev 2019; 37:100587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Kozlova N, Mennerich D, Samoylenko A, Dimova EY, Koivunen P, Biterova E, Richter K, Hassinen A, Kellokumpu S, Manninen A, Miinalainen I, Glumoff V, Ruddock L, Drobot LB, Kietzmann T. The Pro-Oncogenic Adaptor CIN85 Acts as an Inhibitory Binding Partner of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 2. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4042-4056. [PMID: 31142511 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The EGFR adaptor protein, CIN85, has been shown to promote breast cancer malignancy and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stability. However, the mechanisms underlying cancer promotion remain ill defined. Here we show that CIN85 is a novel binding partner of the main HIF-prolyl hydroxylase, PHD2, but not of PHD1 or PHD3. Mechanistically, the N-terminal SRC homology 3 domains of CIN85 interacted with the proline-arginine-rich region within the N-terminus of PHD2, thereby inhibiting PHD2 activity and HIF degradation. This activity is essential in vivo, as specific loss of the CIN85-PHD2 interaction in CRISPR/Cas9-edited cells affected growth and migration properties, as well as tumor growth in mice. Overall, we discovered a previously unrecognized tumor growth checkpoint that is regulated by CIN85-PHD2 and uncovered an essential survival function in tumor cells by linking growth factor adaptors with hypoxia signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides unprecedented evidence for an oxygen-independent mechanism of PHD2 regulation that has important implications in cancer cell survival. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/16/4042/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kozlova
- Cancer Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoly Samoylenko
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Biterova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Richter
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Virpi Glumoff
- The Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lloyd Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lyudmyla Borysivna Drobot
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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41
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Kong MS, Hashimoto-Tane A, Kawashima Y, Sakuma M, Yokosuka T, Kometani K, Onishi R, Carpino N, Ohara O, Kurosaki T, Phua KK, Saito T. Inhibition of T cell activation and function by the adaptor protein CIN85. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/567/eaav4373. [PMID: 30723173 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation is initiated by signaling molecules downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) that are organized by adaptor proteins. CIN85 (Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa) is one such adaptor protein. Here, we showed that CIN85 limited T cell responses to TCR stimulation. Compared to activated wild-type (WT) T cells, those that lacked CIN85 produced more IL-2 and exhibited greater proliferation. After stimulation of WT T cells with their cognate antigen, CIN85 was recruited to the TCR signaling complex. Early TCR signaling events, such as phosphorylation of ζ-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (Zap70), Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP76), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), were enhanced in CIN85-deficient T cells. The inhibitory function of CIN85 required the SH3 and PR regions of the adaptor, which associated with the phosphatase suppressor of TCR signaling-2 (Sts-2) after TCR stimulation. Together, our data suggest that CIN85 is recruited to the TCR signaling complex and mediates inhibition of T cell activation through its association with Sts-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Suen Kong
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Akiko Hashimoto-Tane
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Machie Sakuma
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokosuka
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Reiko Onishi
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nick Carpino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, USA
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kia Kien Phua
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. .,Cell Signaling, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis is a common, age-related process in which a somatically mutated hematopoietic precursor gives rise to a genetically distinct subpopulation in the blood. This phenomenon has been observed in populations across the globe and, while virtually non-existent in children is estimated to affect >10% of the 70-and-older age group. The mutations are thought to occur in stem cells, which makes them pre-cancerous, and precursors to cancer stem cells. Many of the genes most commonly mutated in clonal hematopoiesis are also recurrently mutated in leukemia, genes such as DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, and TP53. However, between 40% and 60% of cases arise from the accumulation of what appear to be random mutations outside of known driver genes. Clonal hematopoiesis is frequently present in otherwise healthy individuals and may persist for many years. Though largely asymptomatic, carrying these somatic mutations confers a small but significantly increased risk of leukemic transformation, affecting 0.5-1% carriers per year; although most genes confer an increased risk of transformation, mutations in TP53 and U2AF1 appear to carry a particularly high risk for transformation. Additionally, a patient's history of prior treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation are correlated with the development of clonal hematopoiesis; in the setting of chemotherapy treatment of solid tumors, hematopoietic mutations in TP53 and PPM1D appear to contribute to outgrowth of clones that may lead to subsequent malignancy. The presence of a clone also imparts a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which in some cases appears to be due to increased inflammation and atherosclerosis. Clonal hematopoiesis is correlated with several other diseases as well, including diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and aplastic anemia, with other associations probably yet to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Silver
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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43
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Rak MA, Buehler J, Zeltzer S, Reitsma J, Molina B, Terhune S, Goodrum F. Human Cytomegalovirus UL135 Interacts with Host Adaptor Proteins To Regulate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Reactivation from Latency. J Virol 2018; 92:e00919-18. [PMID: 30089695 PMCID: PMC6158428 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00919-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, is a betaherpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent infection in its host that is marked by recurrent episodes of reactivation. The molecular mechanisms by which the virus and host regulate entry into and exit from latency remain poorly understood. We have previously reported that UL135 is critical for reactivation, functioning in part by overcoming suppressive effects of the latency determinant UL138 We have demonstrated a role for UL135 in diminishing cell surface levels and targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for turnover. The attenuation of EGFR signaling promotes HCMV reactivation in combination with cellular differentiation. In this study, we sought to define the mechanisms by which UL135 functions in regulating EGFR turnover and viral reactivation. Screens to identify proteins interacting with pUL135 identified two host adaptor proteins, CIN85 and Abi-1, with overlapping activities in regulating EGFR levels in the cell. We mapped the amino acids in pUL135 necessary for interaction with Abi-1 and CIN85 and generated recombinant viruses expressing variants of pUL135 that do not interact with CIN85 or Abi-1. These recombinant viruses replicate in fibroblasts but are defective for reactivation in an experimental model for latency using primary CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). These UL135 variants have altered trafficking of EGFR and are defective in targeting EGFR for turnover. These studies demonstrate a requirement for pUL135 interactions with Abi-1 and CIN85 for regulation of EGFR and mechanistically link the regulation of EGFR to reactivation.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a lifelong latent infection in the human host. While the infection is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, HCMV infection poses life-threatening disease risk in immunocompromised individuals and is the leading cause of birth defects. Understanding how HCMV controls the lifelong latent infection and reactivation of replication from latency is critical to developing strategies to control HCMV disease. Here, we identify the host factors targeted by a viral protein that is required for reactivation. We define the importance of this virus-host interaction in reactivation from latency, providing new insights into the molecular underpinnings of HCMV latency and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason Buehler
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sebastian Zeltzer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin Reitsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Belen Molina
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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44
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Poudel KR, Roh-Johnson M, Su A, Ho T, Mathsyaraja H, Anderson S, Grady WM, Moens CB, Conacci-Sorrell M, Eisenman RN, Bai J. Competition between TIAM1 and Membranes Balances Endophilin A3 Activity in Cancer Metastasis. Dev Cell 2018; 45:738-752.e6. [PMID: 29920278 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal cells acquire aggressive behavior by modifying signaling pathways. For instance, alteration of endocytosis profoundly impacts both proliferation and migration during tumorigenesis. Here we investigate the mechanisms that enable the endocytic machinery to coordinate these processes. We show that a membrane curvature-sensing protein, endophilin A3, promotes growth and migration of colon cancer cells through two competing mechanisms: an endocytosis pathway that is required for proliferation and a GTPase regulatory pathway that controls cell motility. EndoA3 stimulates cell migration by binding the Rac GEF TIAM1 leading to activation of small GTPases. Competing interactions of EndoA3 with membrane versus TIAM1 modulate hyperproliferative and metastatic phenotypes. Disruption of EndoA3-membrane interactions stimulates TIAM1 and small GTPases in vitro, and further promotes pro-metastatic phenotypes in vivo. Together, these results uncover a coupling mechanism, by which EndoA3 promotes growth and migration of colon cancers, by linking membrane dynamics to GTPase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud R Poudel
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Allen Su
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thuong Ho
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Haritha Mathsyaraja
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Anderson
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Robert N Eisenman
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jihong Bai
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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45
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Arakaki AKS, Pan WA, Trejo J. GPCRs in Cancer: Protease-Activated Receptors, Endocytic Adaptors and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071886. [PMID: 29954076 PMCID: PMC6073120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large diverse family of cell surface signaling receptors implicated in various types of cancers. Several studies indicate that GPCRs control many aspects of cancer progression including tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival and metastasis. While it is known that GPCR activity can be altered in cancer through aberrant overexpression, gain-of-function activating mutations, and increased production and secretion of agonists, the precise mechanisms of how GPCRs contribute to cancer progression remains elusive. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a unique class of GPCRs implicated in cancer. PARs are a subfamily of GPCRs comprised of four members that are irreversibly activated by proteolytic cleavage induced by various proteases generated in the tumor microenvironment. Given the unusual proteolytic irreversible activation of PARs, expression of receptors at the cell surface is a key feature that influences signaling responses and is exquisitely controlled by endocytic adaptor proteins. Here, we discuss new survey data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression projects analysis of expression of all PAR family member expression in human tumor samples as well as the role and function of the endocytic sorting machinery that controls PAR expression and signaling of PARs in normal cells and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena K S Arakaki
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wen-An Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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46
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Hong SY, Kao YR, Lee TC, Wu CW. Upregulation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CBLC Enhances EGFR Dysregulation and Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4984-4996. [PMID: 29945960 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CBLC (CBL proto-oncogene c) belongs to the CBL protein family, which has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward activated receptor tyrosine kinases. CBLC is frequently upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet very little is known about the functions of CBLC in tumorigenesis. Here we show that CBLC is an epigenetically demethylated target and its expression can be upregulated in NSCLC after treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5'-azacytidine. Depletion of CBLC significantly inhibited cell viability and clonogenicity in vitro and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model. CBLC silencing further sensitized EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Conversely, ectopic expression of CBLC enhanced the activation of EGFR and downstream ERK1/2 signaling after ligand stimulation by competing with CBL for EGFR binding. Analysis of ubiquitin linkages on activated EGFR (aEGFR) revealed that CBLC ubiquitinated and positively regulated aEGFR stability through the conjugation of polyubiquitin by K6 and K11 linkages. This CBLC-mediated polyubiquitination promoted either preferential recycling of aEGFR back to the plasma membrane or trafficking to the cell nucleus. IHC analyses revealed a positive correlation between phospho-EGFR and CBLC in lung adenocarcinoma. In summary, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which aEGFR escapes lysosomal degradation in a CBLC/ubiquitin-dependent manner to sustain its activation. Our work identifies CBLC as a potential diagnostic biomarker and also points to its utilization as a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC therapy.Significance: This work demonstrates the role of CBLC expression as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4984-96. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Ya Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rung Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Comoglio PM, Trusolino L, Boccaccio C. Known and novel roles of the MET oncogene in cancer: a coherent approach to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:341-358. [PMID: 29674709 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes an unconventional receptor tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic functions: it initiates and sustains neoplastic transformation when genetically altered ('oncogene addiction') and fosters cancer cell survival and tumour dissemination when transcriptionally activated in the context of an adaptive response to adverse microenvironmental conditions ('oncogene expedience'). Moreover, MET is an intrinsic modulator of the self-renewal and clonogenic ability of cancer stem cells ('oncogene inherence'). Here, we provide the latest findings on MET function in cancer by focusing on newly identified genetic abnormalities in tumour cells and recently described non-mutational MET activities in stromal cells and cancer stem cells. We discuss how MET drives cancer clonal evolution and progression towards metastasis, both ab initio and under therapeutic pressure. We then elaborate on the use of MET inhibitors in the clinic with a critical appraisal of failures and successes. Ultimately, we advocate a rationale to improve the outcome of anti-MET therapies on the basis of thorough consideration of the entire spectrum of MET-mediated biological responses, which implicates adequate patient stratification, meaningful biomarkers and appropriate clinical end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Comoglio
- Exploratory Research and Molecular Cancer Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
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48
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Zhang X, Liu K, Zhang T, Wang Z, Qin X, Jing X, Wu H, Ji X, He Y, Zhao R. Cortactin promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by activating the EGFR-MAPK pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1541-1554. [PMID: 27903975 PMCID: PMC5352075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is overexpressed in various tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer (CRC), and can serve as a biomarker of cancer metastasis. We observed that CTTN promotes cancer cell proliferation in vitro and increases CRC tumor xenograft growth in vivo. CTTN expression increases EGFR protein levels and enhances the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. CTTN expression also inhibits the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of EGFR by suppressing the coupling of c-Cbl with EGFR. CoIP experiments indicate CTTN can interact with c-Cbl in CRC cells. These results demonstrate that CTTN promotes the proliferation of CRC cells and suppresses the degradation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Jing
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxuan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopin Ji
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang He
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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49
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Critchley WR, Pellet-Many C, Ringham-Terry B, Harrison MA, Zachary IC, Ponnambalam S. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ubiquitination and De-Ubiquitination in Signal Transduction and Receptor Trafficking. Cells 2018; 7:E22. [PMID: 29543760 PMCID: PMC5870354 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane-based sensors that enable rapid communication between cells and their environment. Evidence is now emerging that interdependent regulatory mechanisms, such as membrane trafficking, ubiquitination, proteolysis and gene expression, have substantial effects on RTK signal transduction and cellular responses. Different RTKs exhibit both basal and ligand-stimulated ubiquitination, linked to trafficking through different intracellular compartments including the secretory pathway, plasma membrane, endosomes and lysosomes. The ubiquitin ligase superfamily comprising the E1, E2 and E3 enzymes are increasingly implicated in this post-translational modification by adding mono- and polyubiquitin tags to RTKs. Conversely, removal of these ubiquitin tags by proteases called de-ubiquitinases (DUBs) enables RTK recycling for another round of ligand sensing and signal transduction. The endocytosis of basal and activated RTKs from the plasma membrane is closely linked to controlled proteolysis after trafficking and delivery to late endosomes and lysosomes. Proteolytic RTK fragments can also have the capacity to move to compartments such as the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Such mechanistic diversity now provides new opportunities for modulating RTK-regulated cellular responses in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Critchley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Caroline Pellet-Many
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | - Benjamin Ringham-Terry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | | | - Ian C Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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50
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ADAMTS-1 disrupts HGF/c-MET signaling and HGF-stimulated cellular processes in fibrosarcoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:271-282. [PMID: 29355494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a reservoir for biologically active factors, such as growth factors and proteases that influence the tumor cell behavior. ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) is a secreted protease that has the ability to modify the ECM during physiological and pathological processes. Here, we analyzed the role played by ADAMTS-1 regulating HGF and TGF-β1 activities in the high-grade fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). We generated HT1080 and HEK293T cells overexpressing ADAMTS-1. HT1080 cells overexpressing ADAMTS-1 (HT1080-MPA) exhibited a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration velocity, both in presence of HGF. We obtained similar results with ADAMTS-1-enriched conditioned medium from other cell type. However, ADAMTS-1 overexpression failed to affect TGF-β1 activity associated with HT1080 cell proliferation and migration velocity. Immunoblotting showed that ADAMTS-1 overexpression disturbs c-Met activation upon HGF stimulation. Downstream ERK1/2 and FAK signaling pathways are also influenced by this protease. Additionally, ADAMTS-1 decreased the size of the fibrosarcospheres, both under normal conditions and in the presence of HGF. Likewise, in presence of HGF, ADAMTS-1 overexpression in HT1080 disrupted microtumors formation in vivo. These microtumors, including individual cells, presented characteristics of non-invasive lesions (rounded morphology). Our results suggest that ADAMTS-1 is involved in regulating HGF-related functions on fibrosarcoma cells. This protease may then represent an endogenous mechanism in controlling the bioavailability of different growth factors that have a direct influence on tumor cell behavior.
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