1
|
ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism and chemosensitivity to platinum drugs in patients with ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:80. [PMID: 34148553 PMCID: PMC8215742 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism and chemosensitivity to platinum drugs in ovarian cancer by the method of meta-analysis. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Wanfang databases were comprehensively searched up to September 2020, to identify the relationship between ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer. The data was analyzed by Stata 15.0 statistic software. RESULTS A total of 10 published papers were included, including 1866 patients with ovarian cancer. The results showed that compared allele C at ERCC1 rs11615 locus with allele T, the pooled OR was 0.92 (95%CI:0.68 ~ 1.24, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in recessive, dominant, homozygous, and heterozygous models. In accordance with a subgroup analysis of Ethnicity, all genotypes were statistically significant in the Asian population. In the allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous models, the OR was 0.70 (95%CI:0.51 ~ 0.95), 0.20 (95%CI:0.07 ~ 0.56), 0.79 (95%CI:0.63 ~ 1.00), 0.21 (95%CI:0.07 ~ 0.59), 0.19 (95%CI:0.07 ~ 0.54), respectively, while in the Caucasian population, no statistically significant genotype was found. CONCLUSION The ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism is associated with chemosensitivity in patients with ovarian cancer, especially in the Asian population, but not in the Caucasian population.
Collapse
|
2
|
Thota S, Rodrigues DA, Crans DC, Barreiro EJ. Ru(II) Compounds: Next-Generation Anticancer Metallotherapeutics? J Med Chem 2018; 61:5805-5821. [PMID: 29446940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal based therapeutics are a precious class of drugs in oncology research that include examples of theranostic drugs, which are active in both diagnostic, specifically imaging, and therapeutics applications. Ruthenium compounds have shown selective bioactivity and the ability to overcome the resistance that platinum-based therapeutics face, making them effective oncotherapeutic competitors in rational drug invention approaches. The development of antineoplastic ruthenium therapeutics is of particular interest because ruthenium containing complexes NAMI-A, KP1019, and KP1339 entered clinical trials and DW1/2 is in preclinical levels. The very robust, conformationally rigid organometallic Ru(II) compound DW1/2 is a protein kinase inhibitor and presents new Ru(II) compound designs as anticancer agents. Over the recent years, numerous strategies have been used to encapsulate Ru(II) derived compounds in a nanomaterial system, improving their targeting and delivery into neoplastic cells. A new photodynamic therapy based Ru(II) therapeutic, TLD-1433, has also entered clinical trials. Ru(II)-based compounds can also be photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, which has proven to be an effective new, alternative, and noninvasive oncotherapy modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Thota
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Av. Brazil 4036, Prédio da Expansão, 8° Andar, Sala 814, Manguinhos , 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil.,Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , P.O. Box 68023, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Daniel A Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , P.O. Box 68023, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , P.O. Box 68023, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu J, Wang H, Fan Y, Lin Y, Zhang L, Ji X, Zhou M. Targeting the NF-E2-related factor 2 pathway: a novel strategy for glioblastoma (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:443-50. [PMID: 24926991 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant subtype among all brain tumors. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an essential component of cellular defense against a variety of endogenous and exogenous stresses. A marked increase in research over the past few decades focusing on Nrf2 and its role in regulating glioblastoma has revealed the potential value of Nrf2 in the treatment of glioblastoma. In the present review, we discuss a novel framework of Nrf2 in the regulation of glioblastoma and the mechanisms regarding the downregulation of Nrf2 in treating glioblastoma. The candidate mechanisms include direct and indirect means. Direct mechanisms target tumor molecular pathways in order to overcome resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to inhibit proliferation, to block invasion and migration, to induce apoptosis, to promote differentiation, to enhance autophagy and to target glioblastoma stem cells. Indirect mechanisms target the reaction between glioblastoma cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Overall, the value of the Nrf2 pathway in glioblastoma provides a promising opportunity for new approaches by which to treat glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Youwu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular targets for epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
5
|
Watanabe Y, Maeda I, Oikawa R, Wu W, Tsuchiya K, Miyoshi Y, Itoh F, Tsugawa KI, Ohta T. Aberrant DNA methylation status of DNA repair genes in breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Genes Cells 2013; 18:1120-30. [PMID: 24581343 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis and chemosensitivity. Here, we investigated the methylation status of sixteen HR genes and analyzed their association with tumor subtypes and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Core specimens were obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy from sixty cases of primary breast cancer of the following four subgroups: luminal breast cancer (LBC) with pathological complete response (pCR), LBC with stable disease, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with pCR and TNBC with poor response. The aberrant DNA methylation status of the following HR related-genes was analyzed using bisulfite-pyrosequencing: BRCA1, BRCA2, BARD1, MDC1, RNF8, RNF168, UBC13, ABRA1, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51C, MRE11, NBS1, CtIP and ATM. Among the genes analyzed, only the incidence of BRCA1 and RNF8 methylation was significantly higher in TNBC than that in LBC. Whereas the incidence of BRCA1 methylation was tended to be higher in pCR cases than in poor-response cases in TNBC, that of RNF8 was significantly lower in pCR cases than in poor-response cases. Our results indicate that the methylation status of HR genes was not generally associated with TNBC subtype or chemosensitivity although hypermethylation of BRCA1 is associated with TNBC subtype and may impact chemosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahmani S, Park TH, Dishman AF, Lahann J. Multimodal delivery of irinotecan from microparticles with two distinct compartments. J Control Release 2013; 172:239-245. [PMID: 23973814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last several decades, research in the field of drug delivery has been challenged with the fabrication of carrier systems engineered to deliver therapeutics to the target site with sustained and controlled release kinetics. Herein, we report the fabrication of microparticles composed of two distinct compartments: i) one compartment containing a pH responsive polymer, acetal-modified dextran, and PLGA (polylactide-co-glycolide), and ii) one compartment composed entirely of PLGA. We demonstrate the complete release of dextran from the microparticles during a 10-hour period in an acidic pH environment and the complete degradation of one compartment in less than 24h. This is in congruence with the stability of the same microparticles in neutral pH over the 24-hour period. Such microparticles can be used as pH responsive carrier systems for drug delivery applications where their cargo will only be released when the optimum pH window is reached. The feasibility of the microparticle system for such an application was confirmed by encapsulating a cancer therapeutic, irinotecan, in the compartment containing the acetal-modified dextran polymer and the pH dependent release over a 5-day period was studied. It was found that upon pH change to an acidic environment, over 50% of the drug was first released at a rapid rate for 10h, similar to that observed for the dextran release, before continuing at a more controlled rate for 4 days. As such, these microparticles can play an important role in the fabrication of novel drug delivery systems due to the selective, controlled, and pH responsive release of their encapsulated therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rahmani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Tae-Hong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Acacia Frances Dishman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wierstra I. FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) in tumorigenesis: overexpression in human cancer, implication in tumorigenesis, oncogenic functions, tumor-suppressive properties, and target of anticancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 119:191-419. [PMID: 23870513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor and is also intimately involved in tumorigenesis. FOXM1 stimulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Additionally, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. In accordance with its role in stimulation of cell proliferation, FOXM1 exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern and its expression is regulated by proliferation and anti-proliferation signals as well as by proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Since these factors are often mutated, overexpressed, or lost in human cancer, the normal control of the foxm1 expression by them provides the basis for deregulated FOXM1 expression in tumors. Accordingly, FOXM1 is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FOXM1 is intimately involved in tumorigenesis, because it contributes to oncogenic transformation and participates in tumor initiation, growth, and progression, including positive effects on angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated lung inflammation, self-renewal capacity of cancer cells, prevention of premature cellular senescence, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, in the context of urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis, FOXM1 has an unexpected tumor suppressor role in endothelial cells because it limits pulmonary inflammation and canonical Wnt signaling in epithelial lung cells, thereby restricting carcinogenesis. Accordingly, FOXM1 plays a role in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and maintenance of genomic stability, that is, prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy. The implication of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapy, and several antitumor drugs have been reported to decrease FOXM1 expression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Folkins AK, Longacre TA. Hereditary gynaecological malignancies: advances in screening and treatment. Histopathology 2012; 62:2-30. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Folkins
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford; CA; USA
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford; CA; USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei W, Yue ZG, Qu JB, Yue H, Su ZG, Ma GH. Galactosylated nanocrystallites of insoluble anticancer drug for liver-targeting therapy: an in vitro evaluation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:589-96. [PMID: 20528454 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Low solubility in water has become an intrinsic property of many anticancer drugs, which poses a hurdle in the translation from the bench to the clinic. In this study, we developed a facile method to prepare 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) nanocrystallites and testified their feasibility for liver-targeting therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS HCPT nanocrystallites were prepared under the soft template effect of galactosylated chitosan. The internalization profile, intracellular trafficking, drug activity and cell viability were evaluated by exposing these nanocrystallites to human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. RESULTS Galactosylated chitosan located on the HCPT nanocrystallites not only stabilized the formulation in aqueous medium, but also enhanced the cellular internalization through an asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated pathway. These nanocrystallites also exhibited the advantages of nuclear entry and active HCPT delivery, and consequently better anticancer cytotoxicity could be achieved. CONCLUSION These data strongly support the superior properties of galactosylated HCPT nanocrystallites on liver-targeting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel structure–activity relationships and selectivity profiling of cage dimeric 1,4-dihydropyridines as multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4983-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Asakawa H, Koizumi H, Koike A, Takahashi M, Wu W, Iwase H, Fukuda M, Ohta T. Prediction of breast cancer sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on status of DNA damage repair proteins. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R17. [PMID: 20205718 PMCID: PMC2879561 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Various agents used in breast cancer chemotherapy provoke DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSB repair competence determines the sensitivity of cells to these agents whereby aberrations in the repair machinery leads to apoptosis. Proteins required for this pathway can be detected as nuclear foci at sites of DNA damage when the pathway is intact. Here we investigate whether focus formation of repair proteins can predict chemosensitivity of breast cancer. Methods Core needle biopsy specimens were obtained from sixty cases of primary breast cancer before and 18-24 hours after the first cycle of neoadjuvant epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC) treatment. Nuclear focus formation of DNA damage repair proteins was immunohistochemically analyzed and compared with tumor response to chemotherapy. Results EC treatment induced nuclear foci of γH2AX, conjugated ubiquitin, and Rad51 in a substantial amount of cases. In contrast, BRCA1 foci were observed before treatment in the majority of the cases and only decreased after EC in thirteen cases. The presence of BRCA1-, γH2AX-, or Rad51-foci before treatment or the presence of Rad51-foci after treatment was inversely correlated with tumor response to chemotherapy. DNA damage response (DDR) competence was further evaluated by considering all four repair indicators together. A high DDR score significantly correlated with low tumor response to EC and EC + docetaxel whereas other clinicopathological factors analyzed did not. Conclusions High performing DDR focus formation resulted in tumor resistance to DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy. Our results suggested an importance of evaluation of DDR competence to predict breast cancer chemosensitivity, and merits further studying into its usefulness in exclusion of non-responder patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Asakawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, St, Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soundararajan V, Warnock K, Sasisekharan R. Multifunctional nanoscale platforms for targeting of the cancer cell immortality spectrum. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:202-16. [PMID: 21590893 DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, "omics" platforms and cancer systems biology are greatly advancing our knowledge of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of cancer. In this article, we begin by outlining the factors governing the development of cancer (tumorigenesis) and use this framework to motivate the need for systems-approaches to cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. We review recent efforts to tap into the remarkable potential of nanotechnology for (i) systems-surveillance (or "sensing") of the molecular signatures of tumorigenesis, and (ii) spatiotemporally-regulated delivery (or "targeting") of combination therapeutics to cancer cells. Specifically, we highlight the salient role of polymeric biomaterials and describe the physicochemical characteristics that render them attractive for the design of such nanoscale platforms. We conclude with discussions on the emerging role of macromolecular biophysics and computational nanotechnology in engineering spatiotemporally-regulated anti-cancer systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramanan Soundararajan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eleven years disease-free: role of chemotherapy in metastatic BRCA2-related breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2009; 6:488-92. [PMID: 19644536 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, staged as pT1N3, was diagnosed in a 41-year-old premenopausal French-Canadian woman. Rapid nodal recurrence progressed to diffuse bone metastases, despite tamoxifen and megestrol. Following enrollment in an in-house study protocol, she received high-dose anthracycline-based induction chemotherapy followed by tandem autologous bone marrow transplantation with high-dose alkylator and platinum-based conditioning regimens. Upon full remission, protocol-mandated locoregional breast and prophylactic cranial radiation was delivered. Complete clinical and radiologic remission has been maintained in the 11 years since study enrolment, which prompted further investigation. INVESTIGATIONS Pedigree construction and BRCA1/2 mutation analysis. DIAGNOSIS A BRCA2 8765delAG mutation was identified, in the context of unusual and sustained complete remission from widely metastatic breast cancer. MANAGEMENT The patient is now followed at a multidisciplinary high-risk prevention clinic because BRCA2 mutations are associated with increased risk of ovarian and breast cancers. This case supports the possibility of differential treatment response in BRCA2-positive breast cancer, although this remains to be conclusively demonstrated.
Collapse
|
14
|
Geyer FC, Lopez-Garcia MA, Lambros MB, Reis-Filho JS. Genetic characterization of breast cancer and implications for clinical management. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4090-103. [PMID: 19754664 PMCID: PMC4496116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of mutations in neoplastic cells. In the last few years, high-throughput microarray-based molecular analysis has provided increasingly more coherent information about the genetic aberrations in breast cancer. New biomarkers and molecular techniques are slowly becoming part of the diagnostic and prognostic armamentarium available for pathologists and oncologists to tailor the therapy for breast cancer patients. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of breast cancer somatic genetics to our understanding of breast cancer biology and its impact on breast cancer patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Geyer
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu J, Cheung NKV. Methionine depletion with recombinant methioninase: in vitro and in vivo efficacy against neuroblastoma and its synergism with chemotherapeutic drugs. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:1700-6. [PMID: 19089915 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine starvation can modulate gene methylation, cell cycle transition and pathways related to survival following DNA damage. Methionine depletion by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) may have in vitro and in vivo efficacy against neuroblastoma (NB), especially when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. rMETase from Pseudomonas putida was produced in Escherichia coli and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. rMETase alone inhibited the proliferation of 15/15 NB cell lines in vitro. Among these 15 cell lines, only 66N demonstrated rMETase-induced apoptosis. rMETase alone suppressed LAN-1 and NMB-7 xenografts (p < 0.01) and no toxicities were noted other than reversible weight loss. In vitro efficacy experiments combining rMETase and chemotherapeutic agents were carried out using SK-N-LD and SK-N-BE (1)N established at diagnosis, as well as LAN-1, SK-N-BE (2)C and NMB-7 established at relapse. Microtubule depolymerization agents including vincristine, vinorelbine, vinblatine and mebendazole showed synergism when tested in combination with rMETase in all 5 cell lines. Among DNA damaging agents, synergy with rMETase was observed only in cell lines established at diagnosis and not at relapse. Cell cycle analysis showed that rMETase arrested G2 phase and not M phase. In vivo efficacy experiments using LAN-1 and NMB-7 xenografts showed that rMETase rendered vincristine more effective than vincristine alone in tumor growth suppression (p < 0.001). In conclusion, methionine depletion inhibited NB proliferation and arrested tumor cells at G2 phase. rMETase synergized with microtubule depolymerization agents. Moreover, synergism between rMETase and DNA damaging agents was dependent on whether cell lines were established at diagnosis or at relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|