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Portela LMF, Constantino FB, Camargo ACL, Santos SAA, Colombelli KT, Fioretto MN, Barata LA, Silva EJR, Scarano WR, Felisbino SL, Moreno CS, Justulin LA. Early-life origin of prostate cancer through deregulation of miR-206 networks in maternally malnourished offspring rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18685. [PMID: 37907720 PMCID: PMC10618455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept has provided the framework to assess how early life experiences can shape health and disease throughout the life course. While maternal malnutrition has been proposed as a risk factor for the developmental programming of prostate cancer (PCa), the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using RNA-seq data, we demonstrated deregulation of miR-206-Plasminogen (PLG) network in the ventral prostate (VP) of young maternally malnourished offspring. RT-qPCR confirmed the deregulation of the miR-206-PLG network in the VP of young and old offspring rats. Considering the key role of estrogenic signaling pathways in prostate carcinogenesis, in vitro miRNA mimic studies also revealed a negative correlation between miR-206 and estrogen receptor α (ESR1) expression in PNT2 cells. Together, we demonstrate that early life estrogenization associated with the deregulation of miR-206 networks can contribute to the developmental origins of PCa in maternally malnourished offspring. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which early life malnutrition affects offspring health can encourage the adoption of a governmental policy for the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases related to the DOHaD concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz M F Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Flavia B Constantino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Ana C L Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A A Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Luísa A Barata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Erick J R Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil.
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2
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Hess RA, Sharpe RM, Hinton BT. Estrogens and development of the rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis and vas deferens. Differentiation 2021; 118:41-71. [PMID: 33441255 PMCID: PMC8026493 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen has always been considered the female hormone and testosterone the male hormone. However, estrogen's presence in the testis and deleterious effects of estrogen treatment during development have been known for nearly 90 years, long before estrogen receptors (ESRs) were discovered. Eventually it was learned that testes actually synthesize high levels of estradiol (E2) and sequester high concentrations in the reproductive tract lumen, which seems contradictory to the overwhelming number of studies showing reproductive pathology following exogenous estrogen exposures. For too long, the developmental pathology of estrogen has dominated our thinking, even resulting in the "estrogen hypothesis" as related to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome. However, these early studies and the development of an Esr1 knockout mouse led to a deluge of research into estrogen's potential role in and disruption of development and function of the male reproductive system. What is new is that estrogen action in the male cannot be divorced from that of androgen. This paper presents what is known about components of the estrogen pathway, including its synthesis and target receptors, and the need to achieve a balance between androgen- and estrogen-action in male reproductive tract differentiation and adult functions. The review focuses on what is known regarding development of the male reproductive tract, from the rete testis to the vas deferens, and examines the expression of estrogen receptors and presence of aromatase in the male reproductive system, traces the evidence provided by estrogen-associated knockout and transgenic animal models and discusses the effects of fetal and postnatal exposures to estrogens. Hopefully, there will be enough here to stimulate discussions and new investigations of the androgen:estrogen balance that seems to be essential for development of the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61802 USA and Epivara, Inc., Research Park, 60 Hazelwood Dr., Suite 230G, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Richard M Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Gomes LDS, Lima DDS, Costa JR, Silva CRBD, Marques MR, Brito PVDA, Biancardi MF, Taboga SR, Ghedini PC, Santos FCAD. Neonatal exposure to aluminum chloride disrupts branching morphogenesis and hormonal signaling of the ventral male prostate and female prostate of gerbils. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126559. [PMID: 32485499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNG Exposure to environmental pollutants in critical developmental windows may predispose the prostate to permanent changes in its homeostasis. Thus, it is essential to know the effects that environmental toxics, such as aluminum, can cause during the development of this gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal aluminum exposure on the ventral male prostate and the female prostate of 15 days old gerbils. METHODS Male and female gerbils were exposed orally to 10 mg/kg/day of aluminum chloride from the 1st to the 14th postnatal day life. At 15 days of life, gerbils were euthanized and their prostates were collected for biometric, morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction analyzes. RESULTS Al exposure caused a reduction in body weight in males and a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in females. Prostate branching morphogenesis was intensified in males, who had greater length, number and area of prostatic epithelial buds. Additionally, Al altered the prostate hormonal regulation of males and females, causing up regulation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in the female prostate, and increased immunostaining of the androgen receptor in the ventral male prostate. These changes were associated with an increased rate of epithelial and stromal cell proliferation in both sexes. CONCLUSION Together, these results indicate that Al altered the neonatal development of the prostate and that this metal acted as an endocrine disruptor in this gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana da Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Danilo da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Janaína Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Rio Branco da Silva
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mara Rúbia Marques
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vale de Azevedo Brito
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Biancardi
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054000, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Ghedini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alcantara Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil.
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4
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Nash C, Boufaied N, Badescu D, Wang YC, Paliouras M, Trifiro M, Ragoussis I, Thomson AA. Genome-wide analysis of androgen receptor binding and transcriptomic analysis in mesenchymal subsets during prostate development. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/7/dmm039297. [PMID: 31350272 PMCID: PMC6679388 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate development is controlled by androgens, the androgen receptor (AR) and mesenchymal–epithelial signalling. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to define AR genomic binding in the male and female mesenchyme. Tissue- and single-cell-based transcriptional profiling was used to define mesenchymal AR target genes. We observed significant AR genomic binding in females and a strong enrichment at proximal promoters in both sexes. In males, there was greater AR binding to introns and intergenic regions as well as to classical AR binding motifs. In females, there was increased proximal promoter binding and involvement of cofactors. Comparison of AR-bound genes with transcriptomic data enabled the identification of novel sexually dimorphic AR target genes. We validated the dimorphic expression of AR target genes using published datasets and confirmed regulation by androgens using ex vivo organ cultures. AR targets showed variable expression in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome. We examined AR function at single-cell resolution using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in male and female mesenchyme. Surprisingly, both AR and target genes were distributed throughout cell subsets, with few positive cells within each subset. AR binding was weakly correlated with target gene expression. Summary: A study of how androgens lead to sexually dimorphic development of the prostate using transcription factor genome binding and transcriptome analysis in mesenchymal subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Nash
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Dunarel Badescu
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Yu Chang Wang
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Miltiadis Paliouras
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 5750 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC, Canada H3S 1Y9
| | - Mark Trifiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 5750 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC, Canada H3S 1Y9
| | - Ioannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Axel A Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
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5
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Hess RA, Cooke PS. Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:27-44. [PMID: 29438493 PMCID: PMC6044326 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have traditionally been considered female hormones. Nevertheless, the presence of estrogen in males has been known for over 90 years. Initial studies suggested that estrogen was deleterious to male reproduction because exogenous treatments induced developmental abnormalities. However, demonstrations of estrogen synthesis in the testis and high concentrations of 17β-estradiol in rete testis fluid suggested that the female hormone might have a function in normal male reproduction. Identification of estrogen receptors and development of biological radioisotope methods to assess estradiol binding revealed that the male reproductive tract expresses estrogen receptor extensively from the neonatal period to adulthood. This indicated a role for estrogens in normal development, especially in efferent ductules, whose epithelium is the first in the male reproductive tract to express estrogen receptor during development and a site of exceedingly high expression. In the 1990s, a paradigm shift occurred in our understanding of estrogen function in the male, ushered in by knockout mouse models where estrogen production or expression of its receptors was not present. These knockout animals revealed that estrogen's main receptor (estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1]) is essential for male fertility and development of efferent ductules, epididymis, and prostate, and that loss of only the membrane fraction of ESR1 was sufficient to induce extensive male reproductive abnormalities and infertility. This review provides perspectives on the major discoveries and developments that led to our current knowledge of estrogen's importance in the male reproductive tract and shaped our evolving concept of estrogen's physiological role in the male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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6
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Velloso FJ, Bianco AFR, Farias JO, Torres NEC, Ferruzo PYM, Anschau V, Jesus-Ferreira HC, Chang THT, Sogayar MC, Zerbini LF, Correa RG. The crossroads of breast cancer progression: insights into the modulation of major signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5491-5524. [PMID: 29200866 PMCID: PMC5701508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the disease with highest public health impact in developed countries. Particularly, breast cancer has the highest incidence in women worldwide and the fifth highest mortality in the globe, imposing a significant social and economic burden to society. The disease has a complex heterogeneous etiology, being associated with several risk factors that range from lifestyle to age and family history. Breast cancer is usually classified according to the site of tumor occurrence and gene expression profiling. Although mutations in a few key genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with high breast cancer risk, the large majority of breast cancer cases are related to mutated genes of low penetrance, which are frequently altered in the whole population. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of breast cancer, including the several deregulated genes and related pathways linked to this pathology, is essential to ensure advances in early tumor detection and prevention. In this review, we outline key cellular pathways whose deregulation has been associated with breast cancer, leading to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the delicate hormonal balance of breast tissue cells. Therefore, here we describe some potential breast cancer-related nodes and signaling concepts linked to the disease, which can be positively translated into novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valesca Anschau
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ted Hung-Tse Chang
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Luiz F Zerbini
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Toivanen R, Shen MM. Prostate organogenesis: tissue induction, hormonal regulation and cell type specification. Development 2017; 144:1382-1398. [PMID: 28400434 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate organogenesis is a complex process that is primarily mediated by the presence of androgens and subsequent mesenchyme-epithelial interactions. The investigation of prostate development is partly driven by its potential relevance to prostate cancer, in particular the apparent re-awakening of key developmental programs that occur during tumorigenesis. However, our current knowledge of the mechanisms that drive prostate organogenesis is far from complete. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of prostate development, focusing on recent findings regarding sexual dimorphism, bud induction, branching morphogenesis and cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Toivanen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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8
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Yeh CR, Slavin S, Da J, Hsu I, Luo J, Xiao GQ, Ding J, Chou FJ, Yeh S. Estrogen receptor α in cancer associated fibroblasts suppresses prostate cancer invasion via reducing CCL5, IL6 and macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:7. [PMID: 26790618 PMCID: PMC4721150 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) play important roles in tumor growth that involves inflammation and epithelial cell differentiation. Early studies suggested that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was expressed in stromal cells in normal prostates and prostate cancer (PCa), but the detailed functions of stromal ERα in the PCa remain to be further elucidated. Methods Migration and invasion assays demonstrated the presence of high levels of ERα in CAF cells (CAF.ERα(+)) suppressed PCa invasion via influencing the infiltration of tumor associated macrophages. ERα decreased CAF CCL5 secretion via suppressing the CCL5 promoter activity was examined by luciferase assay. ERα decreased CCL5 and IL-6 expression in conditioned media that was collected from CAF cell only or CAF cell co-cultured with macrophages as measured by ELISA assay. Results Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated CAF.ERα(+) led to a reduced macrophage migration toward PCa via inhibiting CAF cells secreted chemokine CCL5. This CAF.ERα(+) suppressed macrophage infiltration affected the neighboring PCa cells invasion and the reduced invasiveness of PCa cells are at least partly due to reduced IL6 expression in the macrophages and CAF. Conclusion Our data suggest that CAF ERα could be applied as a prognostic marker to predict cancer progression, and targeting CCL5 and IL6 may be applied as an alternative therapeutic approach to reduce M2 type macrophages and PCa invasion in PCa patients with low or little ERα expression in CAF cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0488-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Spencer Slavin
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jun Da
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Iawen Hsu
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Guang-Qian Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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9
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McNerney EM, Onate SA. New Insights in the Role of Androgen-to-Estrogen Ratios, Specific Growth Factors and Bone Cell Microenvironment to Potentiate Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.11131/2015/101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. McNerney
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Sergio A. Onate
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chile
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, Anatomy and Pathology Building, 2nd Floor, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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10
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Yeh CR, Da J, Song W, Fazili A, Yeh S. Estrogen receptors in prostate development and cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2014; 2:161-168. [PMID: 25374919 PMCID: PMC4219301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen-sensitive disease, which can be pharmacologically controlled by androgen blockade. To date, a growing body of evidence showed that estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) could regulate prostate development, as well as cancer initiation and progression. This review will address the expression levels and function of ERs in different stages of PCa progression. The functions of ERs in different types of prostate cells, the ligand effect, and the potential applications of selective estrogen modulators (SERMs) will also be discussed. To further dissect ERs' roles in prostate development, cell type specific ER knockout mouse models were generated. Results collected from the prostate cell type-specific ERαKO mouse models provided new insights about the cell type specific ERα roles in prostate development prenatally and postnatally. The results of ERs' roles in mouse PCa mode and the correlation of ERs expression and biomedical outcome will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jun Da
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Wenbin Song
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Anees Fazili
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642
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11
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Slavin S, Yeh CR, Da J, Yu S, Miyamoto H, Messing EM, Guancial E, Yeh S. Estrogen receptor α in cancer-associated fibroblasts suppresses prostate cancer invasion via modulation of thrombospondin 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 3. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:1301-9. [PMID: 24374826 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment contains active stromal cells known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that may play important roles in influencing tumor progression. Here we studied the role of CAF estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and found that it could protect against PCa invasion. Immunohistochemistry on prostatectomy specimens showed that PCa patients with ERα-positive stroma had a significantly lower risk for biochemical recurrence. In vitro invasion assays further confirmed that the stromal ERα was able to reduce PCa cell invasion. Dissection of the molecular mechanism revealed that the CAF ERα could function through a CAF-epithelial interaction via selectively upregulating thrombospondin 2 (Thbs2) and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) at the protein and messenger RNA levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further showed that ERα could bind to an estrogen response element on the promoter of Thbs2. Importantly, knockdown of Thbs2 led to increased MMP3 expression and interruption of the ERα mediated invasion suppression, providing further evidence of an ERα-Thbs2-MMP3 axis in CAF. In vivo studies using athymic nude mice injected with CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) PCa epithelial cells and CAF cells ± ERα also confirmed that mice coimplanted with PCa cells and CAF ERα+ cells had less tumor foci in the pelvic lymph nodes, less metastases, and tumors showed less angiogenesis, MMP3, and MMP9 (an MMP3 downstream target) positive staining. Together, these data suggest that CAF ERα could play protective roles in suppressing PCa metastasis. Our results may lead to developing new and alternative therapeutic approaches to battle PCa via controlling ERα signaling in CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Slavin
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jun Da
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA, Department of Urology, Shanghai Jaotong University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Shengqiang Yu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edward M Messing
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guancial
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA,
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12
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Vitkus S, Yeh CR, Lin HH, Hsu I, Yu J, Chen M, Yeh S. Distinct function of estrogen receptor α in smooth muscle and fibroblast cells in prostate development. Mol Endocrinol 2012. [PMID: 23204329 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling, through estrogen receptor (ER)α, has been shown to cause hypertrophy in the prostate. Our recent report has shown that epithelial ERα knockout (KO) will not affect the normal prostate development or homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether ERα in different types of stromal cells has distinct roles in prostate development. This study proposed to elucidate how KO of ERα in the stromal smooth muscle or fibroblast cells may interrupt cross talk between prostate stromal and epithelial cells. Smooth muscle ERαKO (smERαKO) mice showed decreased glandular infolding with the proximal area exhibiting a significant decrease. Fibroblast ERαKO mouse prostates did not exhibit this phenotype but showed a decrease in the number of ductal tips. Additionally, the amount of collagen observed in the basement membrane was reduced in smERαKO prostates. Interestingly, these phenotypes were found to be mutually exclusive among smERαKO or fibroblast ERαKO mice. Compound KO of ERα in both fibroblast and smooth muscle showed combined phenotypes from each of the single KO. Further mechanistic studies showed that IGF-I and epidermal growth factor were down-regulated in prostate smooth muscle PS-1 cells lacking ERα. Together, our results indicate the distinct functions of fibroblast vs. smERα in prostate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Vitkus
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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